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East Village/Lower East Side Historic District Designation Report

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East Village/Lower East Side Historic District Designation Report Cover Photographs: 38 to 34 East 3rd Street (c. 1835-36); 122 to 116 East 7th Street (c. 1862-63); New York Turn Verein, 66 East 4th Street (1871, Kinkel & Klemt); 25 to 29 East 7th Street (1880, Jobst Hoffmann); 95 to 99 East 7th Street (c. 1891, Kurtzer & Rohl; c. 1891, Schneider & Herter); 69 to 75 East 4th Street (c. 1899, Michael Bernstein; c. 1901, Horenburger & Straub; c. 1897, George F. Pelham); 111 East 7th Street (c. 1901, Michael Bernstein). Christopher D. Brazee, 2010 and 2012 East Village/Lower East Side Historic District Designation Report Essay prepared by Christopher D. Brazee Architects’ Appendix prepared by Virginia Kurshan Building Profiles prepared by Christopher D. Brazee, Jennifer L. Most, Donald G. Presa, and Virginia Kurshan Edited by Mary Beth Betts, Director of Research Photographs by Christopher D. Brazee Map by Jennifer L. Most Commissioners Robert B. Tierney, Chair Pablo E. Vengoechea, Vice-Chair Frederick Bland Christopher Moore Diana Chapin Margery Perlmutter Michael Devonshire Elizabeth Ryan Joan Gerner Roberta Washington Michael Goldblum Kate Daly, Executive Director Mark Silberman, Counsel Sarah Carroll, Director of Preservation TABLE OF CONTENTS EAST VILLAGE/LOWER EAST SIDE HISTORIC DISTRICT MAP ........................... FACING PAGE 1 TESTIMONY AT THE PUBLIC HEARING .............................................................................................. 3 EAST VILLAGE/LOWER EAST SIDE HISTORIC DISTRICT BOUNDARIES ....................................... 3 SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................................. 6 THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE EAST VILLAGE/LOWER EAST SIDE HISTORIC DISTRICT ............................................................................................................ 8 Early History and Development of the East Village/Lower East Side ................................................... 8 Fashionable Row House Development in the 1830s and 1840s ........................................................... 11 Mid 19th-Century Immigration and the Development of the Kleindeutschland Tenement District ..... 15 Late 19th and Early 20th Century Immigration and the Establishment of the Lower East Side ............ 22 20th Century Commercialization of Second Avenue and the Rise of the Yiddish Rialto ..................... 29 Mid 20th Century Urban Renewal and the Creation of the East Village .............................................. 33 Subsequent History ............................................................................................................................... 37 FINDINGS AND DESIGNATION ............................................................................................................ 40 BUILDING PROFILES .............................................................................................................................. 44 Avenue A (Odd Numbers).................................................................................................................... 44 East 2nd Street (Odd Numbers) ............................................................................................................ 47 East 2nd Street (Even Numbers) .......................................................................................................... 52 East 3rd Street (Odd Numbers) ............................................................................................................. 58 East 3rd Street (Even Numbers) ........................................................................................................... 65 East 4th Street (Odd Numbers) ............................................................................................................. 74 East 4th Street (Even Numbers) ............................................................................................................ 83 East 5th Street (Odd Numbers) ............................................................................................................. 90 East 5th Street (Even Numbers) ........................................................................................................... 99 East 6th Street (Odd Numbers) ........................................................................................................... 108 East 6th Street (Even Numbers) .......................................................................................................... 134 East 7th Street (Odd Numbers) ........................................................................................................... 150 East 7th Street (Even Numbers) .......................................................................................................... 192 First Avenue (Even Numbers) ............................................................................................................ 219 Second Avenue (Odd Numbers) ......................................................................................................... 221 Second Avenue (Even Numbers) ....................................................................................................... 246 St. Mark’s Place (Even Numbers) ...................................................................................................... 268 ARCHITECTS APPENDIX ..................................................................................................................... 269 ILLUSTRATIONS ................................................................................................................................... 300 East Village / Lower East Side Historic District Landmarks Preservation Commission East Village / Lower East Side Historic District Borough of Manhattan, NY St. Mark's Pl [LP-2491] 36 l 1 r P 3 o 1 Ast Calendared: June 28, 2011 Public Hearing: June 26, 2012 Designated: October 9, 2012 1 2 2 1 1 Boundary of Historic District 8 11 45 49 85 91 129 E 7 St 1 84 94 122 Tax Map Lots in Historic District 46 1 6 Boundaries of Existing Districts C o v o 1 A 0 p 1 e 3 Existing Historic Districts r S East Village/Lower East q 5 9 Side Historic District 239 341 405 445 E 6 St 226 340 Manhattan Queens v A v 301 207 A A v E 5 St 210 300 A 1 2 Brooklyn 57 91 E 4 St 54 86 B o w e r y 7 57 E 3 St 30 64 5 0 3 NoHo Historic 4 District Extension 9 3 26 36 52 80 Bond St E 2 St 3 43 77 4 3 2 NoHo East 250 Historic District Feet ¯ Graphic Source: MapPLUTO, Edition 09v1, 2009. Author: Landmarks Preservation Commission, JM. Date: October 9, 2012 Landmarks Preservation Commission October 9, 2012, Designation List 460 LP-2491 TESTIMONY AT THE PUBLIC HEARING On June 26, 2012, the Landmarks Preservation Commission held a public hearing on the proposed designation of the East Village/Lower East Side Historic District (Public Hearing Item No. 1). The hearing had been duly advertised in accordance with the provisions of law. 37 people spoke in support of designation including representatives of City Councilmember Rosie Mendez, Manhattan Borough President Scott M. Stringer, Manhattan Community Board 3, State Senator Thomas K. Duane, State Senator Daniel L. Squadron, State Assembly Member Brian Kavanagh, and State Assembly Member Deborah J. Glick. Several residents and property owners also spoke in support of designation, as did representatives of the Bowery Alliance of Neighbors, City Lore, Cooper Square Community Development Committee and Businessmen’s Association, East Village Community Coalition, Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation, Historic Districts Council, Lower East Side Preservation Initiative, Metropolitan Chapter of the Victorian Society in America, New York Landmarks Conservancy, Society for the Architecture of the City. 16 people spoke in opposition to designation or in opposition to including their property within the historic district, including several property owners, as well as representatives of the Cathedral of the Holy Virgin Protection (four representatives), Catholic Worker Movement, Real Estate Board of New York, Saint Stanislaus Bishop and Martyr Roman Catholic Church (two representatives), and St. Mary’s American Orthodox Greek Catholic Church. Two speakers took no position on designation. In addition, the Commission has received hundreds of letters, petitions, and emails regarding this designation, both in support and in opposition to designation. EAST VILLAGE/LOWER EAST SIDE HISTORIC DISTRICT BOUNDARIES Area I of the East Village/Lower East Side Historic District consists of the property bounded by a line beginning at the northeast corner of Second Avenue and East 2nd Street, extending westerly across Second Avenue and continuing westerly along the northern curbline of East 2nd Street to its intersection with a line extending southerly from the western side wall of 26 East 2nd Street, northerly along the western side wall of 26 East 2nd Street, easterly along the northern property line of 26 East 2nd Street and a portion of the northern property line of 28 East 2nd Street, northerly along a portion of the western property line of 28 East 2nd Street, easterly along a portion of the northern property line of 28 East 2nd Street and the northern property lines of 30 to 36 East 2nd Street to the western curbline of Second Avenue, northerly along the western curbline of Second Avenue to its intersection with a line extending easterly from the southern property line of 43 Second Avenue, westerly along the southern property line of 43
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