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E Michela System e Michela System Senato della Repubblica Antonio Michela Zucco Scholar, inventor, teacher Antonio Michela Zucco was born on 1° Febru - Historical quotes: Giuseppe Garibaldi, on De - ary 1815 in Cortereggio, a small village in the cember 16, 1877, wrote: «I wish that the useful municipality of San Giorgio Canavese, and died discovery of the illustrious Professor Michela is in Quassolo on 26 December 1886. With the put into operation...». Senator Giorgini, relative exception of limited travel and travel to Paris for of Alessandro Manzoni, Said: «I think I'm the Universal Exhibition of 1878, spent all his ahead of one of the greatest inventions of the life in the Canavese lands, (North of Italy). century». Ruggero Bonghi exclaimed: «Well, His natural tendency to mathematical and there is the ingenuity in this apparatus, this physical sciences, to technique and design, ad - machine will be lucky because it is a practical dressed his studies and led him to teaching: af - implementation» (S. Chiavenuto, e Sunday ter studying at the Albertina Academy of Turin Gazette, 1885) he was for almost twenty years elementary In 1878 came the Italian patent. In the course of teacher in various places (Aglié, Quassolo, Ves - a few years, patents for Austria-Hungary, Bel - tigné, Borgofranco, Ivrea) and then designer gium, Germany, England and the United States and architect teacher in Ivrea's technical of America were added to it. schools. In Quassolo he also ran the adult night In the same year the Michela - already so re - school. named - participated in the Great Universal Ex - Ever since he was young, he conceived the idea position in Paris where it was celebrated «as of a universal alphabet that «liked to unite men one of the glories of the Italian section». In Paris in their relationships, in their interests, in the Professor Michela did not get the gold medal, expression of their feelings». He thoroughly but only the silver one: the jury considered that studied the human vocal apparatus and all the «the gold medal could not be granted to the sounds it produced, classified all the phonetic founds of which the process was secret», which elements and gave each of them a graphic ex - the inventor did not want to divulge. For the pression, summarizing them in a «Phono - prestigious international recognition, Antonio graphic palette» (Tavolozza fonografica). Michela was received by the italian king in e study of the structure of the syllable and its Monza in October 1878, and was awarded of great passion for music did the rest; So it was the Knight Cross of the Maurice Order. from the theoretical studies that it came to prac - tical application and in 1863 introduced for the first time to the participants of the Second Ped - agogical Congress (Milan, Palazzo Brera) its «in - stantaneous syllable process for universal use using small and portable keyboard apparatus». e Turin Municipal Council was probably the first Italian collegial body to have an immediate stenographic record, starting from the sitting of January 20, 1879. In February and March the keyboard appeared to the Judiciary Court of Naples. In the same period, the first contacts with the two branches of Parliament were ini - tiated, which led to the Senate's adoption of the Michela system from 1881. Antonio Michela died on 24 December 1886 in Quassolo. ere were numerous and moving attitudes of esteem and affection, beginning with his students and citizenship. Evolution of the Michela system «I wish that the useful discovery of the illustri - When the Michela keyboard began to operate, With the Michela, the Senate parliamentary re - ous Professor Michela is put into operation...». in the fierce parliamentary climate of the porters achieved a number of successes in the Giuseppe Garibaldi, on December 16, 1877 Cairoli, Depretis and Crispi governments, it national (all Italian titles until they participated is letter is one of the many awards that recorded discussions on the abolition of ground in the competitions from 1977 to 1996) and in - greeted the stenographic system conceived by tax, special law for Rome capital of Italy, elec - ternationals contests. In the 1977, 1979, 1981 Professor Antonio Michela Zucco, developed tion law without scrutiny list, child labor law, and 1983 editions of the world championships, after decades of studies to find solutions that university reform. Senate reporters have released two world titles overcome the obstacle of the modest technical And so, after the legislature, the history of Italy and a second and a fourth place. In the Sofia means available in the second half of the nine - has passed on the keys of Michela: the King - (1985) championships, two Senate reporters teenth century. dom, the First World War, Fascism, the Second got the world title and second place, both touching the extraordinary speed of 500 sylla - At the beginning of the 13th parliamentary World War, the Republic, and all laws that have bles per minute (over 200 words per minute). term, Senate President Sebastiano Tecchio been enacted so far. e absolute dominance of the Senate re - nominated a commission consisting of Sena - As proof of the importance of the system over porters continued in the following years with an tors Erin, Zini and Massarani to evaluate the the years, even at a european level, it is noted e Michela unbroken set of rankings at the highest places suitability of the new system for the reassign - that a Michela stenographic machine was ex - keyboard in the various types of races and a new world ment of the Senate's work, then entrusted to hibited at the permanent exhibition «Les championship title in Amsterdam in 1995. At voluntary manual stenographers, coming from grandes heures du Parlement», realized in the World championships in Beijing (2009) and the scarce rows of parliamentary journalists Paris at the Assemblée Nationale in Château de in Budapest (2015), a Senate reporter reached available for such work. It was intended to set Versailles. with Michela keyboard 445 syllables in 2009 up in the best possible way the official office of The Michela system has remained virtually and 471 syllables in 2015, that is the highest parliamentary work. On January 30, 1880, the unchanged for over a century: since 1974 a writing speed among all competitors and all members of the Commission presented to the new mechanic version has been introduced, systems, including those with computerized President an enthusiastic report and the adop - with the same Michela system but with a con - voice recognition systems. tion of the machine was decided by the Senate cept of innovative mechanical construction of the italian kingdom. and since 1982 a subsequent electronic ver - Since then Michela’s keyboard (in the picture, sion, with which it has certainly facilitated the one of the first models used at the italian Sen - work of stenographers, which in these years ate) was the sure and faithful witness of the has allowed them to achieve excellent results Italian parliamentary life passing through the both in the Senate as in national and world Assembly and the Senate Commissions of the competitions. first kingdom of the Republic. Technical notes e most modern version of the Michela key - In addition to parliamentary matters (together board currently in use, while still relying on with the US and Canada are to be remembered mechanisms not too dissimilar to those of the by the Australian Federal Parliament, the Ar - first specimens, has adopted the latest state- gentinean Senate and various German regional of-the-art computer technology, becoming one parliaments) these transcription softwares are of the fastest data entry mechanisms today ex - used in the US judicial system, military forces isting. e keyboard is currently using the same and television companies, as well as the Inter - softwares for decryption of stenographic notes national monetary fund and numerous UK re - in use at the United States Congress, adapted to settlement and subtitling companies. the Italian language after long and in-depth e latest versions of the machine use the MIDI studies, similar to what has been done in other protocol (the same of the musical keyboards) to major european languages (Spanish, French connect with a personal computer that can pro - and German). e program in question has duce instant transcription of perfectly syn - powerful artificial intelligence algorithms and chronized speech with digital audio recording represents the technology's top tip: it is used, (which can be made available to users on the for example, in the Canadian Senate to realize Internet or can be archived). subtitling for non-listeners on the parliamen - tary television channel. e Michela-MIDI keyboard currently in use A beautiful drawing on «Italian Illustration» of January 11, 1894 shows the machine in action during the discussion on civilian and military pensions e phonetic writing How are syllables written with the Michela pho - e Michela keyboard is formed by two dis - Description netic keyboard? tinct parts of 10 keys, one for the left hand and Each syllable is composed of a set of sounds the other for the right hand (each finger has of Michela System (phonemes), that Antonio Michela-Zucco, the two specific keys assigned and can push only Michela machine’s inventor, classified into four those). e original keyboard used six simple phonic elements called “Serie” (series/banks): graphic signs to identify keyboard keys: I phonic element (initial sounds) II phonic element (subsequent sound) III main phonic element (tonic vowel) IV phonic element (ending sounds) en, in 1990, with the advent of of computer As shown, each key represents a different As it turn outs, the sounds that can be repre - assisted transcription (CAT) systems, the phoneme, and it is associated with a literal sented in the four banks are not only those cor - graphic signs have been replaced by alphabet - symbol.
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