The Memoirs of Francesco Crispi

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Memoirs of Francesco Crispi THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE MEMOIRS OF FRANCESCO CRISPI 7 /^ / \j? IJl THE MEMOIRS OF FRANCESCO CRISPI Compiled from Crispi's Diary and other Documents by THOMAS PALAMENGHI-CRISPI Translated by MARY PRICHARD-AGNETTI VOLUME III INTERNATIONAL PROBLEMS HODDER AND STOUGHTON ST. PAUL'S HOUSE, WARWICK SQUARE LONDON, E.G. MCMXIV r 7 '^ ^ — CONTENTS Germany, Italy, and France CHAPTER I CHANCET,I,OR CAPRIVT AND CRISPI PAGE L. von Caprivi announces to Crispi that he has assumed the direction of Germany's poHtical affairs—An ex- change of greetings and protestations of loyalty— Caprivi comes to Italy to confer with Crispi — Interviews of November 7 and 8, 1 890, ...... 1 CHAPTER H TRIPOLI AND FRANCE The Triple Alliance and Italian interests in northern Africa—France on the Tripoli-Tunis frontier as early as 1890—A memorial by General Dal Verme on the historic boundary between Tunis and Tripoli —The Anglo-French agreement of August 5, 1 890— Crispi remonstrates with the English government—'Said Pasha's note on the Hinterland of Tripoli —How the final usurpations by France might have been prevented — Crispi and the French government, which disavows all intention of claiming Tripoli—A new French map of Africa— Minister Ribot's declarations to the Chamber Crispi's protest—State of the question in 1894<—The Franco-German convention— France attempts to en- croach upon the Egyptian Sudan — Fashoda — New Anglo-French agreements to the disadvantage of the Tripoli Hinterland— Italy relinquishes her rights in Tunis without compensation—The Franco-Italian agree- ment of 1902— Crispi's activity in Moi'occo—The Italian occupation of Tripoli and an evil omen, . 18 — viii MEMOIRS OF FRANCESCO CRISPI CHAPTER III THE FORTIFICATIONS OF BISERTA PACK ' Bisertathe 'greatest strategical point on the Mediterranean — Crispi prevents its fortification by France —The agree- ments of 1881, which had been ratified by several French ministei-s, are declared by Ribot to be of no value Germany's astonishment at Ribot's theories — Lord Salisbury places reliance in the declaration made by France that she will not fortify Biserta—A memorandum from Crispi to Salisbury—Chancellor Caprivi and the Italian protest— Possibility of war—Crispi's withdrawal from office leaves France free to act—Biserta and the German General Staft"— Crispi's painful anxiety revealed in a letter to King Humbert— Biserta strongly fortified, the pride of France and a menace to Italy, ... 85 Italy and Austria CHAPTER IV THE ITALO-AUSTRIAN RELATIONS AND IRREDENTISM The birth of anti-Austrian Irredentism—The campaign of 1866 —Andrassy's point of view and the task of diplomacy—The IiTedentist movement in 1899—De- clarations in Parliament and corresponding diplomatic policy followed by Crispi— Dissolution of the Committee pro Trent and Triest—Francis Joseph's opinion of Crispi —The Emperor regrets not being able to come to Rome—The Ulmann trial ; how it came to be abandoned by the Austrian government—The dis- solution of the Pro Palria Society and of the Dante Alighieri— Crispi protests—The Crispi-Nigra corre- spondence — Irredentist agitation—Dissolution of the Oberdank and Barsanti clubs—The Pro Patria allowed to re-form as the Lega Nazionale—Austria and Crispi's —A CONTENTS ix PAGE resignation in 1891 —Trouble in Istria in 1894— Crispi is successful in obtaining the intervention of Emperor William—Ambassador Lanza— Kalnoky withdraws from office, 109 Italy and Fhance CHAPTER V FRANCO-ITALIAN RELATIONS BETWEEN 1890 AND 1896 The political stage and statesmen in France—The Am- bassadors De Moiiy and Mariani, and Minister Spuller —How Monsieur Billot was received—His conciliatory action —The launching of the Sardegna and the visit of the French fleet at Spezia, which did not take place French illusions concerning the Hon. di Rudim—The Triple Alliance renewed— Crispi's second Ministry— sequel to the Aigues-Mortes episode—The conciliatory policy—Maurice Rouvier and a secret mission—Am- bassador Ressman's correspondence—Ressman's recall, and its true causes, . , . .177 CHAPTER VI FRENCH OPPOSITION TO ITALIAN CREDIT Hostility of the French world of finance —War against Italian securities—Crispi seeks the intervention of German finance—Bismarck and the agreements of 1888 —The 'depreciation campaign' in 1889—The French press unanimous in advocating the expulsion of Italian securities from France—German bankers once more come to the rescue, and form a Syndicate in 1890 Foundation of the Istitido Italiano di Credito Fondiario —Foundation of the Banco Commerciale Italiano, under Crispi's auspices, ........ 209 VOL. III.— h —— X MEMOIRS OF FRANCESCO CRISPI Italy and the Vatican CHAPTER VII AN ITALO-PORTUGUESE INCIDENT PAGE His ^Most Faithful Majesty ' to visit the Italian Sovereign in Rome—The official announcement of this visit—The Vatican's veto—Embarrassment and indecision of King Carlos and his government— King Carlos appeals to Crispi—Severe comments of the Portuguese press King Carlos asks to be received at Monza^ but King Humbert refuses —The visit must be forgone—Crispi suspends diplomatic relations with Portugal—The Crispi- Vasconcellos conference — Opinions of different diplo- matists concerning the conduct of the Portuguese Ministry—The remote origin of the downfall of monarchy in Portugal, . .224 Europe and the Eastern Question CHAPTER VIII THE BALKAN QUESTION In 1879 Crispi expresses his faith in the possibility of re- organising the Balkan Peninsula on a basis of national- ities— His criticism of the Berlin Treaty with regard to the Balkan Peninsula—Three unpublished interviews between Crispi and Prince Bismarck—The second phase of the Bulgarian Question, and the Triple Alliance between Italy, England, and Austria—Turkey declares to Prince Ferdinand that his sojourn in Bulgaria is illegal—Failure of the Russian policy—Stambuloff thanks Crispi in the name of the Bulgarian people The Russo-Bulgarian reconciliation—Two addresses to Crispi forwarded by the Eastern Confederation—^The Cretan Question and Turkish misgovernment— Crispi and Albania—Crispi finds a bride for the future king of —A CONTENTS xi PAGE Italy in Montenegro—The Balkan Confederacyj with — Constantinople as capital ' Let the Sultan withdraw ! into Asia ' 246 CHAPTER IX THE ARMENIAN MASSACRES AND THE EUROPEAN CONCERT Gladstone and the Armenian massacres—The Powers demand an international investigation—The Sultan entreats the delegates of the Powers not to examine the witnesses— Results of the investigation and the Sultan's refusal to grant the reforms proposed to him —Russia opposed to coercive measures against the Sultan—Fresh massacres—The Ambassadors demand a second guardship at Constantinople—The European fleet in the Levant—England wishes to depose the Sultan, . 288 The Triple Alliance and England CHAPTER X A CRISIS CONCERNING THE ALLIANCES AND AGREEMENTS The foreign policy of Crispi's successors from 1891 to 1893 — Immediate consequences of Italy's inertia in Eastern affairs, pointed out by Blanc—Germany and Austria desire Crispi's return to office—Crispi's interview with the German and Austro-Hungarian Ambassadors—Dis- order at home in 1893-94 affects Italy's ci-edit abroad William ii. and Crispi —Why Caprivi resigned the German Chancellorship— Hohenlohe's appointment William ii. favourably inclined towards Italy—Crispi and the Anglo-German disagreement concerning the Transvaal— Italy in international politics in 1896— xii MEMOIRS OF FRANCESCO CRISPI PAGE crisis concerning the alliances and agreements—Failure of attempts to re-establish former friendly understand- ing with England—From Crispi's Diary—Necessity of extending terms of the Triple Alliance for the pro- tection of Italian interests in the Mediterranean and the Orient—Crispi's vehement protests—The German Emperor announces his intention of coming to Italy to confer with Crispi ; but before the Emperor's arrival Crispi is obliged to withdraw from office, . .301 Index, . .351 — GERMANY, ITALY, AND FRANCE CHAPTER I CHANCELLOR CAPRIVI AND CRISPI L. von Caprivi announces to Crispi that he has assumed the direction of Germany's political affairs—An exchange of greetings and protestations of loyalty— Caprivi comes to Italy to confer with Crispi —Interviews of November 7 and 8, 1890. Ox the 20th of March 1890, William ii. of Germany appointed General Count L. von Caprivi, Chancellor of the Empire and President of the Prussian Ministry, as successor to Prince Otto von Bismarck. On assuming his high office, von Caprivi despatched the following letter to F. Crispi, who had been Minister of Italian Foreign Affairs since August 1887. (Private.) Berlin, ^;jn7 3, 1 890. Honourable President and dear Colleague, —By the wish of my Sovereign I have undertaken the task of directing the political affairs of Germany, as the immediate successor of the greatest statesman this country has ever had. My own inchnations as well as the logic of things in general having long since taught me to regard the present grouping of political friendships with strong approval, I had grown familiar with the idea of having, perhaps, to defend the principle on which it rests in my military capacity, should its defence become necessary. But my August Master has decided otherwise. He has called me to co-operate with statesmen who VOL. III. A — 2 MEMOIRS OF FRANCESCO CRISPI aim at the defence of the present state of affairs by essentially peaceful means. Matters standing thus, I beg to assure you. Honourable President, that as long as I shall continue to hold my present position, the German Empire will maintain its honest and peaceful policy, never swerving from the principle of remaining, under all circumstances, the true friend of its friends. This is the line of conduct my Sovereign as well as my own conscience imposes upon me. I therefore entreat Your Excellency to grant me your confidence in the performance of our common task. My confidence the Minister my country is happy to call its friend has long possessed.
Recommended publications
  • European Parliament
    21 . 2 . 96 EN Official Journal of the European Communities No C 51/1 I (Information) EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT WRITTEN QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER WRITTEN QUESTION E-404/95 WRITTEN QUESTION E-2051/95 by Jean-Pierre Raffarin ( PPE ) by Wolfgang Nufibaumer ( NI ) to the Commission to the Commission (15 February 1995) (12 July 1995) ( 96/C 51/01 ) ( 96/C 51/02 ) Subject: Funding of the ' Coupe d'Europe des Saveurs Subject: Funding of trans-European networks régionales' At the Transport Council meeting of 20 June 1995 in The European Parliament voted to include in the budget for Luxemburg, the Council was unable to reach agreement on 1995 an appropriation of ECU 1 million for the ' Coupe the draft formal conclusions on funding the priority projects d'Europe des Saveurs regionales'. of the trans-European networks owing to a dispute concerning the distribution of appropriations . As a result, The aim of this event is to promote regional products of no decision was taken on allocating appropriations for the quality in Europe . 14 priority projects drawn up in Essen for the period 1997—1999 owing to a veto by Italy and Spain . One of the The appropriation was entered under item Bl-381 , 'Quality priority projects affected , for which EU funding from 1997 promotion measures'. to 1999 is now uncertain, is the link between Munich ( Germany ) and Verona ( Italy). What measures does the Commission intend to adopt to ensure that this event is indeed organized with its How does the Commission envisage that the support ? Munich-Verona connection might be funded following Italy's veto of the original proposal ? Supplementary answer given by Mr Fischler on behalf of the Commission Answer given by Mr Kinnock (10 November 1995) on behalf of the Commission (18 October 1995) On 26 July the Commission took a decision endorsing the payment of a contribution for the 'Coupe d'Europe des Financing of the trans-European transport network is Saveurs regionales'.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Web Application to Implement the Home-To-School Mobility Plan Powered By
    The first web application to implement the Home-To-School Mobility Plan Powered by MOVESION S.r.l. Via Ruggero Bonghi, 11b 00184 Rome (RM) - ITALY T +39 06 622 736 06 E [email protected] W movesion.com CONTEXT The school Mobility of the students and of those who drive them to school represents one of the major problems relating to traffic con- gestion and urban mobility: traffic nearby schools, the parents who double park and too little safety related to high-school students mobility, who ride their moped every morning to get to school. Today we need to find alternative, more sustainable and bet- ter-organized solutions in order to avoid all that. SOLUTION The Home-To-School Mobility Plan Through a careful study of the causes generating this problem, we can solve it by using the Home-To-School Mobility Plan, which provides a detailed analysis of the mobility habits of the students, teachers and parents. TOOL MobilitySchool MobilitySchool is a software developed by Movesion to imple- ment the Home-To-School Mobility Plan. By filling in a briefquestionnaire , available also on smartphones and tablets, MobilitySchool provides a detailed picture of mo- bility habits of students, teachers and parents: their departure point, their destination, where they park, the pollution level, their needs and their ability to switch to other and more sus- tainable mobility solutions. HOW IT WORKS The procedure It sends a brief questionnaire, to fill in online, to all users. It produces a report with the results of the survey, also in Excel format, containing more than 60 mobility indicators.
    [Show full text]
  • Kazdan Pak Dissertation
    UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Italy's Primary Teachers: The Feminization of the Italian Teaching Profession, 1859-1911 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7fh45860 Author Pak, Julie Kazdan Publication Date 2012 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Italy’s Primary Teachers: The Feminization of the Italian Teaching Profession, 1859-1911 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Julie Kazdan Pak 2012 © Copyright by Julie Kazdan Pak 2012 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Italy’s Primary Teachers: The Feminization of the Italian Teaching Profession, 1859-1911 by Julie Kazdan Pak Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Los Angeles, 2012 Professor Geoffrey Symcox, Chair This dissertation concerns the feminization of the Italian teaching profession between the introduction of pre-Unification schooling in 1859 and the nationalization of that system in 1911. By feminization, this dissertation refers both to the gradual assumption of the majority of elementary teaching positions by women and to a transformation in the nature of the position itself. Through an examination of educational periodicals, school records, government inquests, and accounts by teachers and pedagogical theorists, it argues that rather than the unintended consequence of economic constraints or shifting labor patterns, feminization was fundamentally connected to larger processes of centralization and modernization in the Italian school system. Following an introductory chapter outlining the major national, religious, and gender debates of ii the Unification era, the second chapter of the dissertation argues that the figure of the female elementary teacher became embroiled in the contest between local and national interests, furthering the drive toward centralization.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sonzogno Affair (1875) and the Print Networks in Liberal Italy1
    Making News: the Sonzogno Affair (1875) and the Print Networks in Liberal Italy1 Silvia Valisa “non sappiamo, se un giorno la storia e la cronaca ricorderanno il fatto della morte di Raffaele Sonzogno, e di chi lo uccise.”2 On September 20, 1870, Milanese patriot Raffaele Sonzogno walked through the Breccia di Porta Pia into Rome. That day, the troops of the Kingdom of Italy had succeeded in breaching the walls of the city, and Italy at last recovered its long-dreamed-of capital. According to Risorgimento lore, as he walked on the rubble Sonzogno was not holding a rifle, or a flag, like the other patriots: he was carrying rather a small printing workshop.3 With it, the following day he proceeded to publish La capitale, the first Rome-based national newspaper. “Of medium height [...] and shortsighted,” as author Roberto Mazzucco describes him in a historical novel inspired by his fate, Raffaele was an outspoken voice of the Italian democrats and one of the heirs to the Sonzogno printing dynasty.4 It is the irony of Raffaele’s destiny that, although he died many years before his influential brother Edoardo, who developed the most important publishing trust in nineteenth–century Italy, we know so much more about Raffaele’s private and public life than we will ever know about Edoardo. This is because only five years after the foundation of La capitale, on the evening of Saturday February 6, 1875, Raffaele Sonzogno was attacked and murdered at the headquarters of his newspaper, located in Via Cesarini 77. The homicide, first investigated as a random act then as a crime related to matters of adultery, soon turned out to be also professionally motivated, and related to Sonzogno’s public friendships, enmities, and to some of the most important political debates of its time.
    [Show full text]
  • The Third Year (2015-16)
    Heir of the Month: The Third Year (2015-16) www.heirstothethrone-project.net 1 Preface It is with mixed feelings - pride tinged with some sadness - that we are presenting this third and final Royal Annual: another twelve essays addressing aspects of the lives and functions of royal heirs in 19th-century Europe. As before all of them have been produced by members and friends of the AHRC-funded ‘Heirs to the Thone’ project at the University of St Andrews. We would like to renew our thanks to the AHRC and to the authors of these insightful vignettes. We are pleased to be able to offer them yet again as a collated digital ‘volume’ - carefully packaged to afford our readers maximum convenience along with - hopefully - fruitful and enjoyable reading. As the project formally completed its five-year run in March 2017, this will be the final annual. Over the years we have produced and published 36 separate essays. We intend to keep our online presence going as a lively meeting place for scholars and lay folk with an interest in the monarchical history of 19th-century Europe. So please keep visiting www.heirstothethrone-project.net and our social media sites to find out more about forthcoming talks, publications and initiatives. The website will also offer visitors easy access to the growing number of our podcasts - online mini-lectures based on a selection of our monthly essays. Please visit: http://heirstothethrone- project.net/?page_id=2681. We would like to thank everyone who has contributed to our project to date and hope that our readers will continue to find our work interesting and engaging.
    [Show full text]
  • The Original Documents Are Located in Box 16, Folder “6/3/75 - Rome” of the Sheila Weidenfeld Files at the Gerald R
    The original documents are located in Box 16, folder “6/3/75 - Rome” of the Sheila Weidenfeld Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Digitized from Box 16 of the Sheila Weidenfeld Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library 792 F TO C TATE WA HOC 1233 1 °"'I:::: N ,, I 0 II N ' I . ... ROME 7 480 PA S Ml TE HOUSE l'O, MS • · !? ENFELD E. • lt6~2: AO • E ~4SSIFY 11111~ TA, : ~ IP CFO D, GERALD R~) SJ 1 C I P E 10 NTIA~ VISIT REF& BRU SE 4532 UI INAl.E PAL.ACE U I A PA' ACE, TME FFtCIA~ RESIDENCE OF THE PR!S%D~NT !TA y, T ND 0 1 TH HIGHEST OF THE SEVEN HtL.~S OF ~OME, A CTENT OMA TtM , TH TEMPLES OF QUIRl US AND TME s E E ~oc T 0 ON THIS SITE. I THE CE TER OF THE PR!SENT QU?RINA~ IAZZA OR QUARE A~E ROMAN STATUES OF C~STOR ....
    [Show full text]
  • Geopolitical Aspects of Alliance Politics of Powers in the Balkans 1878-1913 1
    GEOPOLITICAL ASPECTS OF ALLIANCE POLITICS OF POWERS IN THE BALKANS 1878-1913 1 Demeter Gábor This study analyzes the diplomatic affairs on the Balkan Peninsula from geopolitical aspects between 1878-1913 focusing on their strategic and economic importance. Within this 35 years alliances changed many times and this instability is worth further examination. Applying Mackinder’s and Spykman’s theory to a smaller territory,2 the two representatives of the Heartland, Russia and Austria-Hungary were competing with each other and later with the small states either to secure their predominance or to secure their economic interests and to reach the Rimland. Both Powers tried to create barriers to the opponents and buffers zones for themselves for safety reasons. From this aspect the Balkan peninsula can be regarded as a collision/buffer zone between Heartland and Rimland. Sometimes the aspirations of small states coincided with the pretensions of Powers, these resulted short-term cooperations, but this multi-player situation ended in creating almost every possible combinations (see FIG. 6) and unstable relations. The pretensions of small states were also overlapping, they had their own geopolitical goals, and this did not promote the stabilization of situation. This overlap of zones can be derived from the competition over key points of the peninsula. Among the major hot-spots was the line between the Otranto Strait (Vlora), Saloniki and the Dardanelles, corresponding to the old Via Egnatia (FIG. 1).3 (Other areas, like Dobruja were of local importance lacking the pretensions of any Power). The states of the Rimland: England, Italy, Greece and Turkey holding these positions tried to hinder the two powers of the Heartland from changing irreversibly the current situation, that enabled them to control the main trading routes of the Mediterranean.
    [Show full text]
  • Wellesley News
    ' College flews WELI.ESLHY, MASS., WhljNtSDAY, FEBRUARY 5, I9OT Student Government Meeting Elena of Italy I in, ,i thi the Studi nt Governmi 1 year, winch ci ntered ; i interest, was held Friday afternoon, Jan- ment and uai "i I by Miss Tafl in th, abseno of [i ford, who was ill. The minute- of thi .last meeting were read and approved. The the usual motion ide and carried that flow- the B m ,ow"\ ?"'] ers be enl ti Hanford from the , U. nd individuals. a oi lation. The secretary then read I report of the Executive Board: eighteen C]yi cases had been discussed. The report of Anonymous Contribution the House Presidents' Committee fol- Society Tau 7. e "earn lowed: since December there have been [° Doughnuts 138 serious errors. 10; semi-serious er- -p ota i and nine rors. 235 permissions granted Mhs Taft introduccd Mi privileges lost. Miss Taft then reminded ] e ;s Goodwin, president c i every one that onlv girls living in the Association, which houses are permitted to ride 'amotion at the ideal quadrangle1 ^ r , ,r , the Students Building should embody. on the street cars after hah past seven. Realizjng the practical obstacles which we The real business of the meeting, a dis- must recognise to overcome. of the patience needed to r; cussion of the plans for the Students' •» - ^ •, ,• 1 • 1 1 -, r Though was then introduced. t Building, r,% comes rapidlv> the i^^oo, wia read the list of the Undergraduate Com- In these latter days it has been our come ?iow i y for t h ere is little mittee.
    [Show full text]
  • Clars Auction Gallery Sale Results March 12
    Clars Auction Gallery Sale Results March 12 ‐ 13, 2011 Lot Description Price Chinese dark wood carving, featuring Jiang Tai Gong fashioned with a strong bearded face and seated on a 4000 tall rocky plinth while holding a rod suspending a fish, 8.5''h $200 Chinese gilt accented metal Guanyin, cast with an aristocratic face with hair piled into a neat topknot fronted by a diadem accented by the Amituo Fo (Amitabha Buddha), the bodhisattva further adorned in princely garments and seated in the position of royal ease with the hands resting on the left knee, all on a lotus 4002 pedestal, 7.6''h $90 Chinese rootwood figural study, carved as a troop of monkeys, the largest dancing and holding the others 4003 emerging from a convoluted cluster, 12''h $140 Chinese bamboo carving of an immortal, the figure fashioned with an aristocratic face and seated in royal 4004 ease with his hands wrapped around the knee, the flowing robes rendered with rhythmic folds, 4.5''h $80 East Indian figural ivory carving, the beauty fashioned in a dancing pose with windswept robes, her head 4005 surmounted by a diadem and hair plaited into a long braid cascading down one side, 6''h; with wooden stand $250 Chinese ivory carving of Budai, with a plump face and characteristic large body seated in royal ease with both hands lifted above his head, with facial features, robe and base with pigment accents, with wooden 4006 stand, ivory: 6.25''h, overall: 7.6''h $375 Chinese polychrome enamel decorated figure of Guanyin, the bodhisattva seated in a pose of 'royal ease' on
    [Show full text]
  • Abstracts Vol. XVI N. 1 (2021)
    «History of Education & Children’s Literature», XVI, 1 (2021) ISSN 1971-1093 (print) / ISSN 1971-1131 (online) © 2021 eum (Edizioni Università di Macerata, Italy) Abstracts Vol. XVI n. 1 (2021) Transnational and transcultural educational models in Eastern and Southern Europe between XIX and XX Centuries. Foreword to thematic section of the issue Simonetta Polenghi [email protected] Vučina Zorić [email protected] ABSTRACT: Scholars from Central and South-Eastern European states present a series of research projects on transnational and transcultural educational models, using various examples from their countries in the XIX and XX centuries. These articles focus on the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Greece, Italy and Spain, to demonstrate how individuals, ideas and institutions became educational models in different cultures and nations, through a process of active reception, change and hybridization. EET/TEE KEYWORDS: Transcultural; Transnational; Educational Models; Pedagogical Transfer; Education System; History of education; Europe; XIXth-XXth Centuries. We are building up pedagogy and a school system: educational discussion in interwar Czechoslovakia as togetherness or coexistence? Tomáš Kasper [email protected] Dana Kasperová [email protected] Blanka Kudláčová [email protected] Marek Wiesenganger [email protected] ABSTRACT: The new Republic of Czechoslovakia demonstrated in its very name the connection between Czechs and Slovaks. The twenty years of the Czechs and Slovaks living together in a common state – from great expectations in 1918, the year the country was founded, to the bitter end of the collapse of Czechoslovakia and the emergence of the pro fascist Slovak state in 1939 and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia – are an example of the attempt of two «brother peoples» to live together in the political, social, cultural and educational arenas.
    [Show full text]
  • The Frontier Thesis in Transnational Migration: the U.S
    Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Faculty Publications 2014 “The Frontier Thesis in Transnational Migration: The U.S. West in the Making of Italy Abroad,” in Immigrants in the Far West: Historical Identities and Experiences, edited by Jessie L. Embry and Brian Q. Cannon (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2014), 363-381. Mark I. Choate Brigham Young University - Provo, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub Part of the History Commons, and the Mormon Studies Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Choate, Mark I., "“The Frontier Thesis in Transnational Migration: The U.S. West in the Making of Italy Abroad,” in Immigrants in the Far West: Historical Identities and Experiences, edited by Jessie L. Embry and Brian Q. Cannon (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2014), 363-381." (2014). Faculty Publications. 1417. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub/1417 This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Immigrants in the Far West Historical Identities and Experiences edited by Jessie L. Embry and Brian Q. Cannon A Project of the Charles Redd Center for Western Studies The University of Utah Press Salt Lake City A Project of the Charles Redd Center for Western Studies Copyright © 2014 by The University of Utah Press. All rights reserved. The Defiance House Man colophon is a registered trademark of the University of Utah Press. It is based on a four-foot-tall Ancient Puebloan pictograph (late PIII) near Glen Canyon, Utah.
    [Show full text]
  • Autograph Auction - Day 1 Saturday 15 February 2014 12:00
    Autograph Auction - Day 1 Saturday 15 February 2014 12:00 International Autograph Auctions (IAA) Office address Foxhall Business Centre Foxhall Road NG7 6LH International Autograph Auctions (IAA) (Autograph Auction - Day 1) Catalogue - Downloaded from UKAuctioneers.com Lot: 1 BOXING: Selection of vintage signed postcard photographs, ALI MUHAMMAD: (1942- ) American Boxer, World and a few smaller, by various boxers, mainly British and some Heavyweight Champion. Bold, dark vintage pencil signature of them champions, including Len Harvey, Jack Doyle, Freddie ('Cassius Clay') on a page contained in a small oblong 12mo Mills, Al Phillips, Len Bennett, Bobby Boland, Stan Hawthorne, autograph album. Beneath his signature Clay has added the Bert Hornby, Laurie Buxton, Frank Tierney, Johnny Williams, words Next World Champ in his hand. The autograph album Billy Thompson, Jimmy Wilde (magazine photograph, FR) etc. also includes twenty other signatures by a variety of different Each of the images depict the subjects in boxing poses. FR to famous individuals including Harold Macmillan and his wife G, 24 Dorothy, Eleanor Roosevelt, Adam Faith, Harry Secombe, Estimate: £100.00 - £120.00 Richard Beeching, members of the Bolshoi Ballet etc. Ali's signature is very slightly smudged. The album lacking the spine and back cover, about VG Each of the signatures were Lot: 6 obtained by the vendor's father who was the Banqueting BOXING: Selection of vintage signed postcard photographs, Manager of the Victoria Hotel in Nottingham. Ali was at the and a few smaller, by various boxers, mainly British and some Victoria Hotel in Nottingham on 28th May 1963 ahead of the of them champions, including Tommy Farr, Ken Shaw, Joe British Middleweight Championship fight between George Beckett, Ronnie Burr, Jock Taylor, Gwyn Williams, Chris Aldridge and Mick Leahy which also took place in Nottingham.
    [Show full text]