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Etnični Konflikti V Nekdanji Jugoslaviji Kot Posledica Oblikovanja

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Etnični Konflikti V Nekdanji Jugoslaviji Kot Posledica Oblikovanja 1 Treatises and Documents, Journal of Ethnic Studies is an interdisciplinary Journal, was established in 1960. Its original aim was to publish longer, in-depth papers (Treatises) on ethnic and minority issues, and documents related to those issues. Nowadays the Journal publishes a wide range of scholarly articles on ethnic and minority issues, with special emphasis on topics relevant for the so-called Alpine- Adriatic-Panonnian geographical area. Razprave in gradivo: Revija za narodnostna vprašanja je bila leta 1960 ustanovljena z namenom objavljanja daljših razprav o etničnih in manjšinskih vprašanjih in pomembnih dokumentov. Danes v reviji objavljamo širok nabor znanstvenih prispevkov s področja etničnih in manjšinskih študij, posebno pozornost pa posvečamo pomembnim temam iz t. i. alpsko-jadransko-panonskega prostora.zaposluje okoli 30 raziskovalcev. Treatises and Documents, Journal of Ethnic Studies Razprave in gradivo, Revija za narodnostna vprašanja UDC-UDK 323.15.342.4 (058) ISSN 0354-0286 (Print/Tiskana izdaja) ISSN 1854-5181 (On-line edition/ Elektronska izdaja) Editor-in-Chief / Odgovorna urednica Sara Brezigar (Institute for Ethnic Studies, Slovenia / Inštitut za narodnostna vprašanja, Slovenija) Editors / Urednici Barbara Kejžar (Institute for Ethnic Studies, Slovenia / Inštitut za narodnostna vprašanja, Slovenija) Emma Lantschner (University of Graz, Austria, and European Accademy Bozen, Italy / Univerza v Grazu, Avstrija, in Evropska Akademija v Bocnu, Italija) Technical Board / Tehnični Odbor Romana Bešter, Mojca Medvešek (on-line edition / e-izdaja), Sonja Kurinčič Mikuž (indexing and sales / indeksiranje in prodaja), Janez Stergar Editorial Board Uredniški odbor Benjamin Barber (Rutgers University, N.Y., USA), Benjamin Barber (Univerza Rutgers, N.Y., ZDA), Milan Bufon (Slovenian Research Institute, Italy, and Milan Bufon (Slovenski raziskovalni inštitut, Italija, in University of Primorska, Slovenia), Sean Byrne (University Univerza na Primorskem, Slovenija), Sean Byrne (Univerza of Manitoba, Canada), Jadranka Čačić-Kumpes (University v Manitobi, Kanada), Jadranka Čačić-Kumpes (Univerza v of Split, Croatia), Fernand De Varennes (Murdoch Splitu, Hrvaška), Fernand De Varennes (Univerza Murdoch, University, Australia), Rainer Hofmann (University of Avstralija), Rainer Hofmann (Univerza v Frankfurtu, Frankfurt, Germany), Boris Jesih (Institute for Ethnic Nemčija), Boris Jesih (Inštitut za narodnostna vprašanja, Studies, Slovenia), Avguštin Malle (Slovenian Scientific Slovenija), Avguštin Malle (Slovenski znanstveni inštitut, Institute, Austria), Joseph Marko (University of Graz, Avstrija), Joseph Marko (Univerza v Grazu, Avstrija, in Austria, and European Accademy Bozen, Italy), Evropska Akademija v Bocnu, Italija), Francesco Palermo Francesco Palermo (University of Verona and European (Univerza v Veroni in Evropska Akademija v Bocnu, Italija), Accademy Bozen, Italy), Srdja Pavlović (University of Srdja Pavlović (Univerza v Alberti, Kanada), Tom Priestly Alberta, Canada), Tom Priestly (University of Alberta, (Univerza v Alberti, Kanada), Albert Reiterer (Univerza Canada), Albert Reiterer (University of Vienna, Austria), na Dunaju, Avstrija), Petra Roter (Univerza v Ljubljani, Petra Roter (University of Ljubljana, Slovenia), Sherrill Slovenija), Sherrill Stroschein (Univerza v Oxfordu , Združeno Stroschein (University of Oxford, U.K.), kraljestvo), Patrick Thornberry(Univerza v Keele-u in Patrick Thornberry (Keele University and Oxford Univerza v Oxfordu, Združeno kraljestvo), Vladimir Wakounig University, U.K.), Vladimir Wakounig (University of (Univerza v Celovcu, Avstrija), Colin Williams (Univerza v Klagenfurt, Austria), Colin Williams (Cardiff University, Cardiffu, Združeno kraljestvo),Jernej Zupančič (Univerza v U.K.), Jernej Zupančič (University of Ljubljana, Slovenia), Ljubljani, Slovenija), Mitja Žagar (Inštitut za narodnostna Mitja Žagar (Institute for Ethnic Studies, Slovenia). vprašanja, Slovenija). Published by / Založil in izdal Inštitut za narodnostna vprašanja / Institute for Ethnic Studies SI, 1000 Ljubljana, Erjavčeva 26, tel.: +386 (0)1 20 01 87 0, fax +386 (0)1 25 10 964, http://www.inv.si, e-mail: [email protected] Legal representative/Predstavnik: Miran Komac Co-financed by The Public Agency for Books of the Republic of Slovenia Revijo/ sofinancira Javna agencija za knjigo Republike Slovenije Abstracting and indexing services / Vključitev v baze podatkov The journal is currently noted in the following /Revija je vključena v: CSA Sociological Abstracts, CSA Worldwide Political Science Abstract, International Political Science Abstracts (IPSA). Contacts / Kontakti Editorial correspondence should be addressed to / Pošto za uredništvo revije naslovite na Sara Brezigar, Inštitut za narodnostna vprašanja / Institute for Ethnic Studies, Erjavčeva 26, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, e-mail: [email protected] Ordering information / Naročila: Sonja Kurinčič, Inštitut za narodnostna vprašanja / Institute for Ethnic Studies, Erjavčeva 26, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, e-mail: [email protected] Disclaimer / Pojasnilo The published articles express authors’ viewpoints /Objavljeni prispevki izražajo stališča avtorjev. The Journal was published as follows / Revijo smo izdajali: 1960-1986: Razprave in gradivo (Treatises and Documents) ISSN 0034-0251; 1987-1989: Revija za narodnostna vprašanja – Razprave in gradivo (Journal of Ethnic Studies - Treatises and Documents) ISSN 0353-2720; 1990-2010: Razprave in gradivo: Revija za narodnostna vprašanja (Treatises and Documents: Journal of Ethnic Studies) ISSN 0354-0286. Institute for Ethnic Studies © Inštitut za narodnostna vprašanja (Ljubljana), http://www.inv.si TREATISES AND DOCUMENTS JOURNAL OF ETHNIC STUDIES TREATISES AND DOCUMENTS JOURNAL OF ETHNIC STUDIES RAZPRAVE IN GRADIVO REVIJA ZA NARODNOSTNA VPRAŠANJA RAZPRAVE IN GRADIVO REVIJA ZA NARODNOSTNA VPRAŠANJA Number 61 / 2010 Številka 61 / 2010 Table of Contents Kazalo Jernej Zupančič Jernej Zupančič 6 Geopolitical Dimensions of Montenegrin National Question 6 Geopolitične razsežnosti črnogorskega narodnega vprašanja Nataša Beširević Nataša Beširević 38 Ethnic conflicts in the former Yugoslavia as a consequence of nation-state 38 Etnični konflikti v nekdanji Jugoslaviji kot posledica oblikovanja building nacionalnih držav Mitja Žagar Mitja Žagar 58 Constitutional reform in bosnia-herzegovina: A few comments, reflections 58 Ustavna reforma v Bosni in Hercegovini: Nekaj komentarjev, razmišljanj and recommendations in priporočil Anja Moric Anja Moric 88 The Maintainenance of Gottscheerish in Slovenia, Austria, Germany, 88 Ohranjanje Kočevarščine, narečja kočevskih Nemcev, v Sloveniji, Avstriji, Canada and the USA Nemčiji, Kanadi in ZDA Martina Bofulin Martina Bofulin 116 A Journey of Harmony? The Chinese State and Overseas Chinese 116 Popotovanje harmonije? Odnos kitajske države do izseljencev 148 About the Contributors 148 O avtorjih 151 Guidelines for Contributors 151 Navodila avtorjem TREATISES AND DOCUMENTS JOURNAL OF ETHNIC STUDIES RAZPRAVE IN GRADIVO REVIJA ZA NARODNOSTNA VPRAŠANJA Number 61, April 2010, pp. 6–37 Številka 61, april 2010, str. 6–37 JERNEJ ZUPANČIČ Geopolitical Dimensions of Montenegrin National 1. Uvod 7 Question Črnogorsko narodno vprašanje doslej ni pritegovalo večje znanstvene pozornosti, Are the Montenegrins a nation? Despite their old statal tradition, the dominant group of saj se ni izkazovalo s primerljivo problematičnostjo, kot na primer albansko, Montenegro, one of the smallest European nation-states, namely Montenegrins, in many texts bošnjaško ali makedonsko. Mnogi so ga šteli kot del srbskega narodnega korpusa were treated as a Serbs. On the other hand, Montenegrins have many specific characteristics that - predvsem v jezikovnem smislu (ali pa zaradi njega), čeprav izkazuje vrsto demonstrate their national individuality. In the last census in 2003, the proportion of Montenegrins dropped to just 43 per cent (in 1948 was still 92 per cent) — the lowest in the whole of Europe. posebnosti teritorialnopolitičnega razvoja. Črnogorci so zanimiva in v mnogih But this result shows the core problem: the existence of two overlapping identities among pogledih kontradiktorna skupnost na Balkanu. Črna gora je stara država s Montenegrins, Montenegrin and Serbian. Do they really exist separately, or is this simply the prekinjeno državnostjo, po skoraj 90. letih jo je ponovno vzpostavila leta 2006. result of the typically Balkan mixing of identities? The paper analyzes the Montenegrin national Poleg tega sodi med narodno izrazito heterogene državne skupnosti; Črnogorci question and Montenegrin ethnogenesis by using three approaches: an analysis of the territorial skupaj s Srbi predstavljajo le tri četrtine prebivalstva. Po podatkih popisa leta and political development of Montenegro as well as its neighboring countries; an evaluation of the geopolitical dimensions of Montenegrin-Serbian relations; and a comparative analysis of cultural 2003 se je za Črnogorce opredelilo 268.000 (43 odstotkov) od okrog 620.000 and linguistic phenomena in the region. The study is a part of much more extensive research into prebivalcev te najmanjše nekdanje jugoslovanske republike. Tako nizkega deleža the geopolitical dimensions of national questions and wider interethnic relations in the Balkans. titularnega naroda ne izkazuje nobena evropska država. Velika statistična nihanja so na prostoru nekdanje Jugoslavije prej značilnost kakor izjema. Zelo verjetno Keywords: Montenegro, Montenegrins, ethnic studies,
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