Wahlsonntag in Griechenland: Ein Schuss Vor Den Bug Der Regierungsparteien

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Wahlsonntag in Griechenland: Ein Schuss Vor Den Bug Der Regierungsparteien Hintergrund: Griechenland Nr. 31 / 28. Mai 2014 Wahlsonntag in Griechenland: Ein Schuss vor den Bug der Regierungsparteien Markus Kaiser, Athanasios Grammenos Die Regierung des griechischen Premierministers Antonis Samaras musste bei den Europa-, Regional- und Kommunalwahlen herbe Verluste hinnehmen, kann jedoch eine Debatte über Neuwahlen vermei- den. Die liberalen Kräfte spielten auf keiner Ebene eine Rolle. Trotz aller Solidaritätsbekundungen von den europäischen Konservativen und reichlich Eigenlob ist die Regierungspartei Nea Dimokratia (ND) von Premierminister Antonis Samaras von den griechischen Wählerinnen und Wählern abgestraft worden. Mit 22,7% verlor die Partei sieben Prozent gegenüber dem Ergebnis der Parlamentswahl vom Juni 2012 und 9,6% im Vergleich zur Europawahl 2009. Beide Regierungsparteien zusammen verloren gegenüber der Parlamentswahl im Juni 2012 über 11%, ge- genüber der Europawahl 2009 sagenhafte 38,2%. Als stärkste Partei geht das oppositionelle Linksbündnis SYRIZA mit 26,6% aus der Wahl hervor. Oppo- sitionsführer Alexis Tsipras hatte die Wahl zuvor zum „Volksentscheid“ über die Regierung Samaras erklärt und angekündigt, bei vier Prozentpunkten Vorsprung seiner Partei auf die ND vorgezogene Par- lamentswahlen zu fordern. Die nun eingetretene Differenz von 3,8% kommt dem zwar sehr nahe, wird aber nach einhelliger Meinung nicht ausreichen, um Neuwahlen auf nationaler Ebene voranzutreiben – insbesondere, da SYRIZA im Vergleich zur Parlamentswahl im Juni 2012 (26,9%) ebenfalls knapp 0,3% verlor. Als drittstärkste griechische Kraft zieht die rechtsextreme „Goldene Morgenröte“ (Chrysi Avgi), die 9,4% erreichen konnte, mit drei Abgeordneten ins Europaparlament ein. Gemeinsam mit einem Man- datsträger der „Unabhängigen Griechen“ (3,5%) werden vier rechtsradikale griechische MEPs im nächsten Europaparlament vertreten sein. Nimmt man die sechs künftigen Abgeordneten der SYRIZA sowie die zwei der griechischen Kommunisten (KKE) hinzu, werden zwölf von 21 griechischen Reprä- sentanten im Europaparlament offen europafeindlich sein. Lediglich die fünf Abgeordneten der ND sowie je zwei Mandatsträger der PASOK-geführten Liste Elia („Olivenbaum“) und To Potami („Der Fluss“) stehen der Europäischen Union grundsätzlich positiv gegenüber. Hintergrund: Griechenland Nr. 31 / Mai 2014 | 1 Mit To Potami (6,6%) schaffte schließlich eine erst vor zwei Monaten gegründete Partei den Einzug ins Europaparlament. Der Bewegung des TV-Moderators Stravos Theodorakis war zuvor ein noch höhe- res Wahlergebnis vorhergesagt worden. Theodorakis hatte sich im Wahlkampf als Anführer eines dif- fusen bürgerlichen Protestes generiert, ohne inhaltlich in die eine oder andere Richtung Stellung zu beziehen. Die beiden Abgeordneten der nach Aussage von Theodorakis „neoliberalen und sozialisti- schen“ Partei werden nun aber nicht der ALDE, sondern der sozialdemokratischen S&D-Fraktion betre- ten. Auf Europaebene scheitern reformorientierte Zentristen – wie gehabt Gewissermaßen als Reaktion auf die Neu- gründung von To Potami („Der Fluss“) wurde das liberale Wahlbündnis Gefyres („Die Brü- cken“), bestehend aus Dimiourgia, Xana! („Erneute Erschaffung!“) und der ALDE- Mitgliedspartei Drassi aus der Taufe gehoben. Mit nur 0,91% versagte der Plan, die plötzli- che Popularität des „Flusses“ aufzugreifen und für die liberalen „Brücken“ zu nutzen. Die beiden Parteivorsitzenden Thodoros Skylakakis MEP und Thanos Tzimeros hatten Abschlusskundgebung von Gefyres im Stadtzentrum von Athen sich erst kurzfristig, und ohne ihre Mitglie- (Foto: FNF) derschaft darauf vorzubereiten, auf eine Wahlallianz verständigt. Dabei wurde versäumt, frühzeitig gemeinsame liberale Inhalte und Konzepte zu erarbeiten und diese dem reformorientierten Teil der Gesellschaft zu kommunizieren. Hierfür wurden sie von den griechischen Wählerinnen und Wählern abgestraft. Mit nur 50.000 Stim- men liegt das liberale Wahlbündnis noch hinter der „Griechischen Jägerpartei“, exakt gleichauf mit der ebenfalls enttäuschenden Wahlallianz aus Grünen und Piratenpartei und hauchdünn vor einer Partei, die sich auf europäischer Ebene für den Erhalt des Fußballstadions von Panathinaikos Athen einsetzen wollte. Ob das liberale Parteienspektrum aus dieser Niederlage lernt oder wieder in kleine Splitterparteien zerfällt, bleibt abzu- warten. Unmittelbar nach der Wahl ließen beide Parteien zumindest verlauten, dass sie an einer Fortführung des Wahlbündnisses interessiert seien: „Das Bündnis ‘Die Brü- cken‘ wurde gebaut, um Strömungen zu überstehen. Wir verpflichten uns, den Erwartungen derer, die mit uns Grie- chenland zu einem modernen europäischen Land machen wollen, gerecht zu werden“, ließen sie in einer gemeinsamen Pressemitteilung wissen. MdEP Skylakakis bei einer FNF-Veranstaltung (Foto: FNF) Ein unerwartetes Ergebnis fuhr dagegen der ehemalige FDP-Abgeordnete Giorgos „Jorgo“ Chatzimarkakis ein. Mit der von ihm gegründeten Liste „Griechischer Europäischer Bürger“ (Ellines Evropaiou Polites) konnte der in Duisburg geborene Politiker 1,46% der Stimmen auf sich vereinen. Laut eigener Aussage handelte es sich bei seiner Listenverbindung allerdings nicht um eine explizit liberale Bewegung, sondern um eine „Allianz der Vernunft, nicht des Dogmas“. Sein Wahlkampf war Hintergrund: Griechenland Nr. 31 / Mai 2014 | 2 stark populistisch geprägt, teilweise mit anti-deutschen Untertönen. Ob Chatzimarkakis mit dem durchaus respektablen Ergebnis im Rücken seiner Ankündigung, nur bei der Europawahl als Kandidat anzutreten, Folge leisten wird, ist zumindest fraglich. Regional- und Kommunalwahlen belohnen punktuell liberale Reformkräfte Bei den Kommunalwahlen konnten liberale und reformorientierte Kräfte Einzelerfolge einfahren. So wurde der reformorientierte Bürgermeister der zweitgrößten griechischen Stadt, Thessaloniki, Giannis Boutaris, im zweiten Wahlgang wiedergewählt. Der unkonventionelle 71-Jährige setzte sich in einer Stichwahl mit 58 Prozent klar gegen seinen von der ND unterstützten Kontrahenten durch. Auch der amtierende und moderat reformistische Bürgermeister von Athen, Giorgos Kaminis, konnte sich, wenn auch knapp, gegenüber dem jungen Kandidaten des SYRIZA-Bündnisses behaupten. Der hauchdünne Sieg von Kaminis zeigt, dass er als Bürgermeister von Athen schneller und zielstrebiger Reformen um- setzen muss. Die beherzten Reformen des „liberalen Rockstars“ Boutaris wurden von den Wählerinnen und Wählern in einer ansonsten erzkonservativen Stadt honoriert. Zum ersten Mal überhaupt hatten es die Kandidaten der ND weder in Athen noch in der Hauptstadt- region Attika in die Stichwahl geschafft. In Athen konnte sich der Kandidat der ND nur knapp gegen- über dem Kandidaten der rechtsextremen „Goldenen Morgenröte“ an dritter Stelle behaupten. In Pi- räus, das gemeinsam mit Athen einen Ballungsraum bildet, wurde der amtierende ND-Bürgermeister vom Vizepräsident des lokalen Fußballclubs besiegt. In den Regionen (Peripheries) behielten zwar meist alteingesessene Kandidaten der ND die Oberhand, mussten aber punktuell herbe Niederlagen hinnehmen. So gewannen von der ND unterstützte Kandi- daten in sieben von dreizehn Provinzen, parteiunabhängige Kandidaten waren in vier, Kandidaten der SYRIZA in zwei Regionen erfolgreich. In der Hauptstadtregion Attika, in der gut ein Drittel der griechi- schen Bevölkerung lebt, gelang dem Linksbündnis mit der Wahl von Rena Dourou zur Gouverneurin ein Achtungserfolg. Auch wenn auf regionaler Ebene liberale Kandi- daten chancenlos waren – das beste Ergebnis erzielte die Wahlallianz aus Drassi und Dimiour- gia Xana! mit 3,0% in Attika. Hier wurde mit dem 35-jährigen Kostas Bakoyannis ein junger, reformorientierter Kandidat zum Gouverneur der Region Zentralgriechenland gewählt. In Bako- yannis zeigt sich das ganze System griechischer, nepotistischer Politik: Obwohl als unabhängiger Kandidat angetreten, liest sich sein Stammbaum wie ein Who-is-Who der Nea Dimokratia: Seine Mutter ist die frühere Außenministerin Dora FNF-Jugendseminar mit Dr. Wolfgang Gerhardt (Foto: FNF) Bakoyannis, sein Großvater der ehemalige Pre- mierminister Konstantinos Mitsotakis, sein On- kel Kyriakos ist gegenwärtig Minister für die Verwaltungsreform. Darüber hinaus gab es insbesondere auf kommunaler Ebene kleinere Erfolge aus dem liberalen Part nerspektrum zu vermelden. Viele der Jugendliche, die die Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung für die Freiheit in verschiedenen „Liberalen Jugendseminaren“ ausgebildet hatte, stellten sich zur Wahl. So konnten Hintergrund: Griechenland Nr. 31 / Mai 2014 | 3 junge, liberale Kandidaten in den Städten Thessaloniki, Moschato, Nea Smyrni, Agios Dimitrios und Kato Ahagia in die Stadträte einziehen, einige mit berechtigten Hoffnungen, Teil der Exekutive zu werden. Zudem errang eine Absolventin eines FNF-Seminars einen Sitz im Regionalrat von Thessalien. Griechenland – ein Land in der Schwebe Nach dem für ND und PASOK desaströsen Europawahlergebnis passierte… erst einmal gar nichts. Es schien, als wüsste die politische Elite keine Antwort auf dieses deutliche, aber in seiner Konsequenz keinesfalls eindeutig Wahlergebnis. PASOK-Chef Evangelos Venizelos, Juniorpartner der Regierung, hatte vor der Wahl mit dem Ende der Koalition gedroht, sollte das sozialistische Bündnis Elia bei der Europawahl nicht mehr als zehn Prozent erreichen. Davon wollte er schon am Montag nichts mehr wissen. Alexis Tsipras, Oppositionsführer und Spitzenkandidat der Europäischen Linken, traf sich am Montag zu einem Gespräch mit Staatspräsident Karolos Papoulias, um vorgezogene Neuwahlen zu fordern. Die gegenwärtige
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