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OCCASION This Publication Has Been Made Available to the Public on The OCCASION This publication has been made available to the public on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation. DISCLAIMER This document has been produced without formal United Nations editing. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or its economic system or degree of development. Designations such as “developed”, “industrialized” and “developing” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. Mention of firm names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by UNIDO. FAIR USE POLICY Any part of this publication may be quoted and referenced for educational and research purposes without additional permission from UNIDO. However, those who make use of quoting and referencing this publication are requested to follow the Fair Use Policy of giving due credit to UNIDO. CONTACT Please contact [email protected] for further information concerning UNIDO publications. For more information about UNIDO, please visit us at www.unido.org UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 300, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43-1) 26026-0 · www.unido.org · [email protected] Df/ID/UR.i/97 1 April 1977 RESTRICTED fnfHth OìW _, ASSISTANCE IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL LABORATORY AT THE HOMS REFINERY IS/SYR/75/003 SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC. TERMINAL REPORT Prepared for the Government of the Syrian Arab Republic by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization. executing agency for the United Nations Development Programme United Nations Industrial Development Organisation I •d 77-1707 United Nations Development Programme ASSISTANCE IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OP A TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL LABORATORY AT THE HOMS REFINERY IS/SYR /75/OO3 SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC Project findings and recommendations Prepared for the Government of the Syrian Arab Republic by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, executing agency for the United Nations Development Programme Based on the work o( Sabri A. Aglan. quality control expert United Nations Industrial Development Organization Vienna, 1977 - 2 - Explanatory not«» References to dollars (I) are to United Staes dollars, unless otherwise stated. The monetary unit in the Syrian Arab Republic is the Syrian pound (LS). During the period covered by the report (1976), the value of the Syrian pound in relation to the United States dollar was $US 1 • LS 3.90. The following abbreviations are used in the reports API American Petroleum Institute ASTN American Society for Testing and Materials LPG liquefied petroleum gas The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or conoerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Mention of fir« nanea and coawercial products does not iaply endorsement by the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO). v> - 3 - ABSTRACT This is the terminal report of the project "Assistance in the Establishment of a Testing and Quality Control Laboratory at the Horns Refinery" ( IS/SYR/75/003) . The project was requested by the Government of the Syrian Arab Republic in February 1974• The project which called for the supply of analytical equipment and the services of an expert for six months, was originally approved by UNIDO for financing under the General Trust Fund (VC/SYR/74/068) . It was later agreed that the entire original amount of SUS 103,000 should be used to purchase equipment and that the assistance of the expert ($US 25i300) should be financed under the programme for Special Industrial Services (SIS) . The Horns Refinery laboratory is a medium-si zed laboratory which was enlarged after the October 1973 war. The expert found that the present building is sufficient for the activities performed. Equipment The equipment that was ordered by the Refinery and that was supplied by UNIDO can well cover the present requirements. The expert suggests the acquisition of additional items in his recommendations. Most of the equipment received is at present operating} a few items are not working beoaus« of lack of accessorieSj chemicals and operating manuals. Over 80)t of the equipment ordered by UNIDO was received by the Refinery in good order. A few items (nox more than 95È) were found defective and the matter is being handled by UNIDO authorities with the insurance companies. Laboratory personnel The number of laboratory personnel is adequate, except for chemists. The quality of laboratory technicians is promising and with continuous training and encouragement they will be able to handle most of the laboratory routine activities. In the area of training the expert includes suggestions for training new personnel and on-the-job training in his recommendations. Special work and the operation of complicated equipment require a number of chemists who are not available at present. A proposed laboratory organisation covering number, posts and job - 4 - descriptions was submitted to the management of the Refinery. Annexes contain information on analytical procedures, safety and fire- fighting activities and a follow-up report on an earlier U1ÍID0 assistance pioiect on preventive maintenance and mechanical inspection. - 5- CONTENTS Chapter Pa«« INTRODUCTION 6 Background 6 Quality-control concepts 6 Objectives of the project 7 I. FINDINGS 8 Horns Refinery operations 8 Existing quality-control facilities 10 Laboratory equipment 12 Laboratory personnel 13 Shortcomings • 14 Achievement of goal s 14 11. CONCLUSIONS -1 III. RECOMMENDATIONS 23 Laboratory equipment 23 On-line analysers 23 Training 24 Anaexes I. Analytical procedures 31 II. Recommendations or refinery safety and fire-fighting act ivi ti es 38 III. Plow-up report on Home Refinery inspection activities 42 IV. Recommended publications 47 - 6 - INTRODUCTION Background AB the Home Refinery laboratory was severely affected during the war ef October 1973, the Oovernient of the Syrian Arab Republic in February 1974 requested assistance for the ••tablishment of a testing and quality control laboratory at the Refinery. In July 1974 UNIDO approved the project for financing under the General Trust Fund in the amount of |US 105,000 for equipment and the services of an expert for six months. On the request of the Government the expert's arrival was postponed until the bulk of the equipment had arrived. The project,which was entitled,,Establishment of a testing and quality» control Laboratory at the Horns Refinery1; was originally given project Mo. VC/SYR/74/068. Later in July 1975 it was agreed that the expert assistance would be financed by Special Industrial 3ervices(3IS) (lS/SYR/f5/003) and -hat the original project budget would be fully utilized for the purchase and supply of analytical equipment. ftiality-control concepts In the oil industry, as in most of the chemical industries, quality control IB becoming an essential part of the industrial process (see analytical procedures detailed in annex I). It is a good and indispensable tool in the production stages. Samples from the different streams are periodically collected and tested for certain key properties. The results obtained help the operations engineer to adjust the operating units. Quality control is carried out on finished products through determination of specified physical and cheaical properties to meet sales contracts, state specifications and in all oases to ensure safe application of products. Another important function of quality control sections is the services given to other departmentaof the refinery helping them to offer the 7 - required technical services in the following fields: (a) Water treatment and industrial water conditioning; (b) Corrosion minimization through analytical measurements; (c) Trouble-shooting and modifications studies etc. In short, quality control ensures efficient, economic and safe operation. Objectives of the project According to the project document, the goals of the project were: (a) To supply certain analytical equipment as requested by the Government that was needed for quality-control activities; (b) To provide the Refinery with a quality-control expert for six months who could assist in the following fields: (i)Advising on and planning the layout and installation of equipment for the purpose of establishing a laboratory suitable for testing and quality control of refinery products and raw materials; (li)?raining the refinery personnel in the use of the equipment and in modern techniques of petroleum testing; (iii)Making recommendations on the long-term planning and organ- ization of the laboratory including further requirements for training. The counterpart laboratory senior staff were: Naged Hossa>my, Laboratory Chief; Khalid Soliman, Supervisor of the Analytical Laboratory Section; and Mohamed B. Abdulgalid, Supervisor of the Gas Laboratory Section. •J - 8 - I. PINDINGS Horns Refinery operations The Refinery started
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