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Birdstrike Reports An analysis of Australian birdstrike occurrences 2006 2002to birdstrike ofAustralian An analysis ATSB TRANSPORT SAFETY INVESTIGATION REPORT Aviation Research and Analysis Report AR-2008-027 Final An analysis of Australian birdstrike occurrences 2002 to 2006 ATSB TRANSPORT SAFETY INVESTIGATION REPORT Aviation Research and Analysis Report AR-2008-027 Final An analysis of Australian birdstrike occurrences 2002 to 2006 Released in accordance with section 25 of the Transport Safety Investigation Act 2003 - i - - ii - Published by: Australian Transport Safety Bureau Postal address: PO Box 967, Civic Square ACT 2608 Office location: 15 Mort Street, Canberra City, Australian Capital Territory Telephone: 1800 621 372; from overseas + 61 2 6274 6440 Accident and incident notification: 1800 011 034 (24 hours) Facsimile: 02 6247 3117; from overseas + 61 2 6247 3117 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.atsb.gov.au © Commonwealth of Australia 2008. This work is copyright. In the interests of enhancing the value of the information contained in this publication you may copy, download, display, print, reproduce and distribute this material in unaltered form (retaining this notice). However, copyright in the material obtained from other agencies, private individuals or organisations, belongs to those agencies, individuals or organisations. Where you want to use their material you will need to contact them directly. Subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968, you must not make any other use of the material in this publication unless you have the permission of the Australian Transport Safety Bureau. Please direct requests for further information or authorisation to: Commonwealth Copyright Administration, Copyright Law Branch Attorney-General’s Department, Robert Garran Offices, National Circuit, Barton ACT 2600 www.ag.gov.au/cca ISBN and formal report title: see ‘Document retrieval information’ on page vii. - iii - CONTENTS THE AUSTRALIAN TRANSPORT SAFETY BUREAU ............................... viii DEFINITIONS....................................................................................................... ix ABBREVIATIONS................................................................................................. x EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................... xi 1 Introduction..................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background to the report ...................................................................... 1 1.2 Report objectives and scope ................................................................. 1 2 Why are birdstrikes a problem?.................................................................... 3 2.1 Injuries and fatalities............................................................................. 3 2.2 Birdstrikes and accidents ...................................................................... 3 2.3 Effect on operations.............................................................................. 4 2.3.1 Airlines ............................................................................... 5 2.3.2 Aerodromes......................................................................... 6 3 Birdstrikes in Australia .................................................................................. 7 3.1 Bird hazard oversight............................................................................ 7 3.2 Birdstrikes research .............................................................................. 7 3.3 Role of the aviation industry................................................................. 9 3.3.1 Aircraft manufacturers and airworthiness........................... 9 3.3.2 Aerodromes......................................................................... 9 3.4 Aerodrome bird hazard control strategies........................................... 10 3.4.1 Environment control ......................................................... 11 3.4.2 Scaring and dispersal ........................................................ 11 3.4.3 Culling and bird trapping.................................................. 12 3.4.4 Communication of bird information ................................. 12 3.4.5 Species and control options .............................................. 13 3.5 Changes in legal responsibilities ........................................................ 15 4 Method ........................................................................................................... 17 4.1 Analyses.............................................................................................. 17 4.2 Data sources........................................................................................ 17 4.2.1 Birdstrike reports .............................................................. 17 4.2.2 Aircraft movements .......................................................... 18 - iv - 5 Results & Discussion..................................................................................... 20 5.1 Reporting trends ................................................................................. 20 5.1.1 Discussion of reporting trends .......................................... 23 5.1.2 Historical Australian reporting ......................................... 24 5.2 Temporal Factors................................................................................ 27 5.2.1 Year................................................................................... 27 5.2.2 Month................................................................................ 28 5.2.3 Time of day....................................................................... 28 5.3 Operational factors.............................................................................. 29 5.3.1 Type of operation.............................................................. 29 5.3.2 Phase of flight ................................................................... 30 5.3.3 Effect on flight.................................................................. 30 5.3.4 Aircraft damage ................................................................ 32 5.3.5 Engine ingestion ............................................................... 33 5.3.6 Number of aircraft at risk.................................................. 36 5.4 Injuries................................................................................................ 36 5.5 Location.............................................................................................. 37 5.6 Environmental factors......................................................................... 39 5.6.1 Bird size............................................................................ 39 5.6.2 Species .............................................................................. 40 5.6.3 Bird size by species........................................................... 40 5.7 Summary of results............................................................................. 44 6 Findings.......................................................................................................... 47 7 References...................................................................................................... 49 8 Appendix I: Major aerodromes, 2002 to 2006............................................ 54 8.1 Sydney aerodrome, NSW ................................................................... 54 8.2 Melbourne aerodrome, Vic................................................................. 59 8.3 Adelaide aerodrome, SA..................................................................... 64 8.4 Perth aerodrome, WA ......................................................................... 69 8.5 Brisbane aerodrome, Qld.................................................................... 74 8.6 Cairns aerodrome, Qld........................................................................ 79 8.7 Canberra aerodrome, ACT.................................................................. 84 8.8 Darwin aerodrome, NT....................................................................... 89 8.9 Gold Coast aerodrome, Qld. ............................................................... 94 8.10 Hobart aerodrome, Tas. ...................................................................... 99 - v - 9 Appendix II: GAAP aerodromes birdstrikes, 2002 to 2006 .................... 105 9.1 Archerfield aerodrome, Qld.............................................................. 105 9.2 Bankstown aerodrome, NSW ........................................................... 107 9.3 Camden aerodrome, NSW ................................................................ 110 9.4 Jandakot aerodrome, WA ................................................................. 111 9.5 Moorabbin aerodrome, Vic............................................................... 114 9.6 Parafield aerodrome, SA................................................................... 116 10 Appendix III: Bird species by total birdstrikes, 2002 to 2006................. 119 - vi - DOCUMENT RETRIEVAL INFORMATION Report No. Publication date ISBN AR-2008-027 30 June 2008 978 1 921490 28 6 Publication title An analysis of Australian birdstrike occurrences, 2002 to 2006. Author Stanton, Dean R Prepared by Reference No. Australian Transport Safety Bureau May2008/Infrastructure PO Box 967, Civic Square ACT 2608 Australia 08141 www.atsb.gov.au Acknowledgements We gratefully
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