Tajikistan Research Bibliography 3Rd Edition

Tajikistan Research Bibliography 3rd Edition

Compiled by Christian Bleuer 2

Tajikistan Research Bibliography

English Publications 3rd edition, March 2013

Tajikistan Research Resources http://tajikistanresearch.org

Tajikistan Analytical Center http://research.tj

Compiled by Christian Bleuer [email protected]

Introduction

This bibliography is an attempt to catalogue the publications in English that focus on Tajikistan. English language sources on Tajikistan are weak in some areas, especially in regards to the Soviet era. This bibliography is, for the moment, confined to publications in social sciences, history, area studies, government and policy.

Inclusion of a source in this bibliography is not an endorsement. The quality of articles, report and books listed here will vary. Suggestions for additional sources appreciated.

To check for an updated version, please visit: http://tajikistanresearch.org/bibliography/

Table of contents

1. History……………………………………3. 2. Identity (a) Tajik Identity…………..………7. (b) Ethnic Minorities…………….10. 3. Religion…………………………………..12. 4. Civil War………………………………….17. 5. Post-Conflict Era and Security…….24. 6. Foreign relations……………………….33. 7. Society and Governance……………..37. 8. Gender………………………………….….44. 9. Education………………………………....47. 10. Narcotics…………………………………49. 11. Agriculture and Environment……..50.

1. History

Abdullaev, Kamoludin, and Shahram Akbarzadeh. 2010. Historical dictionary of Tajikistan. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press.

Abdoullaev, Kamoludin. 1994. ‘Central Asian Emigres in Afghanistan: First Wave, 1920-31’, Central Asia Monitor, No. 4&5.

Aini, K. S. and Y. S. Maltsev. 1988. ‘Oriental studies in Tajikistan’, Iranian Studies, Volume 21, Issue 1&2.

Bashiri, Iraj. 2002. Prominent Tajik figures of the twentieth century. Dushanbe. PDF

Bergne, Paul. 2007. The Birth of Tajikistan: National Identity and the Origins of the Republic. London/New York: I. B. Tauris.

Bleuer, Christian. 2012. ‘Muslim Soldiers in Non-Muslim Militaries at War in Muslim Lands: The Soviet, American and Indian Experience’, Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, Vol. 32(4).

Bleuer, Christian. 2012. ‘State-Building, Migration and Economic Development on the Frontiers of Northern Afghanistan and Southern Tajikistan’, Journal of Eurasian Studies, Vol. 3, No. 1.

Brown, Bess. 1990. ‘Unrest in Tajikistan’, RFE/RL Report on the USSR (February).

Bushkov, V. I. 2000. ‘Population Migration in Tajikistan: Past and Present’, JCAS Symposium Series, No. 9.

Bushkov, V. I. 1993. ‘Population of Northern Tajikistan (1870-1990)’, in State, Religion and Society in Central Asia: A Post Soviet Critique, edited by Vitaly Naumkin. Reading: Ithaca Press.

Centlivres, Pierre and Micheline Centlivres-Demont. 1997. ‘Tajikistan and Afghanistan: The Ethnic Groups on Either Side of the Border’, in Tajikistan: The Trials of Independence, edited by Mohammad-Reza Djalili, Frederic Grare and Shirin Akiner. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

Dodkhudoyev, Nazarsho. 1959. Tajikistan: Land of Sunshine. Soviet Booklet No. 60/L, London.

Donovan, Leslie. 2007. Causes and consequences of 1970-1971 forced migration of the Yaghnobis in the Tajik SSR. MA, California State University. PDF

Dudoignon, Stephane A. 2000. ‘The Role of Migrant Communities in the Politics of Central Asia: Prolegomenas for Further Comparative Studies: The Cases of Tajikistan and Tatarstan in the 1980s’, JCAS Symposium Series, No. 9

Dupree, Louis. 1964. ‘From Moscow to Soviet Central Asia: A New Class Emerges?’, American Universities Field Staff Reports Service, South Asia Series, Vol. VIII No. 5.

Dupree, Louis. 1959. ‘Two weeks in Soviet Tajikistan and Uzbekistan: Observations and Trends’, American Universities Field Staff Reports Service, South Asia Series, Vol. III, No. 4.

Goyette, Arthur Vincent. 1974. Ideology and industrial development: the case of Soviet Central Asia. PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

Hammer, Michel. 1997. ‘Perestroika as seen by some Tajik Historians’, in Tajikistan: The Trials of Independence, edited by Mohammad-Reza Djalili, Frederic Grare and Shirin Akiner. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

Human Rights Watch. 1991. ‘Conflict in the Soviet Union: Tadzhikistan’, New York.

Kalinovsky, Artemy M. 2011. ‘Soviet Central Asia and the Afghan War’, IREX Research Brief. PDF.

Kassymbekova, Botakoz. 2011. ‘Humans as territory: forced resettlement and the making of Soviet Tajikistan, 1920–38’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 30(3-4). 5

Luknitskii, Pavel. 1954. Soviet Tajikistan. Moscow: Foreign Language Publishing House.

Marsa, Gerald and Yochanan Altman. 1986. ‘The cultural bases of Soviet Central Asia’s second economy (Uzbekistan and Tajikistan)’, Central Asian Survey, 5(3/4).

Masov, Rahim. 1996. The History of a National Catastrophe. Edited and Translated by Iraj Bashiri, The University of Minnesota. Link.

Middleton, Robert and Huw Thomas. 2012. Tajikistan and the High Pamirs. Hong Kong: Odyssey Books.

Naby, E. 1978. ‘Bobodzhon Gafurovich Gafurov, 1908-1977’, Slavic Review, Vol. 37, No. 2.

Newth, J. A. 1963. ‘The 'Establishment' in Tajikistan I’, Soviet Studies, Vol. 14, No.4.

Newth, J. A. 1963. ‘The 'Establishment' in Tajikistan II’, Soviet Studies, Vol. 15, No. 1.

Niyazi, Aziz. 1993. ‘The Year of Tumult: Tajikistan after February 1990’, in State, Religion and Society in Central Asia: A Post Soviet Critique, edited by V. Naumkin. Reading: Ithaca Press.

Nourzhanov, Kirill and Christian Bleuer. 2013 (forthcoming). Tajikistan: A Political and Social History. Canberra: Australian National University Press.

Nourzhanov, Kirill. 1997. Politics and change in Tajikistan. PhD dissertation, Australian National University.

Nourzhanov, Kirill. 2008. ‘Reassessing the Basmachi: warlords without ideology?’ Journal of South Asia and Middle East Studies, Vol. 31, No. 3.

Penati, Beatrice. 2007. ‘The Reconquest of East Bukhara: the struggle against the Basmachi as a prelude to Sovietization’, Central Asia Survey, Vol. 26, No. 4.

Rakowska-Harmstone, Teresa. 1970. Russia and Nationalism in Central Asia: The Case of Tadzhikistan. Baltimore/London: The Johns Hopkins Press.

Riordan, John P. 2008. ‘Red DIME: Dissecting the Bolshevik Liquidation Campaign in the Ferghana Valley against the Basmachi Resistance’, SAMS Monograph. PDF

Ritter, William S. 1990. ‘Revolt in the Mountains: Fuzail Maksum and the Occupation of Garm, Spring 1929’, Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 25, No. 4.

Ritter, William S. 1985. ‘The Final Phase in the Liquidation of Anti-Soviet Resistance in Tadzhikistan: Ibrahim Bek and the Basmachi, 1924-31’, Soviet Studies, Vol. 37(4).

Roy, Olivier. 2000. The New Central Asia: The Creation of Nations. New York: NYU Press.

Schoeberlein, John S. 2000. ‘Shifting Ground: How the Soviet Regime Used Resettlement to Transform Central Asian Society and the Consequences of This Policy Today’, JCAS Symposium Series, No. 9.

Sengupta, Anita. 2000. ‘Imperatives of national territorial delimitation and the fate of Bukhara 1917-1924, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 19, No. 3-4.

2. Identity

(a) Tajik ethnic identity, Nationalism, ethnogenesis and historiography:

Abashin, Sergei. 2003. ‘The transformation of ethnic identity in Central Asia: a case study of the Uzbeks and Tajiks’, Russian Regional Perspectives Journal, Vol. 1(2).

Atai, Farhad. 2012. ‘Soviet Cultural Legacy in Tajikistan’, Iranian Studies, Vol. 45, No. 1.

Atkin, Muriel. 2012. ‘Token Constitutionalism and Islamic Opposition in Tajikistan’, Journal of Persianate Studies, Vol. 5, No. 2.

Atkin, Muriel. 1994. ‘Tajiks and the Persian World’, in Central Asia in Historical Perspective, edited by Beatrice F. Manz. Oxford: Westview Press.

Atkin, Muriel. 1993. ‘Tajik national identity’, Iranian Studies, Vol. 26, No. 1.

Atkin, Muriel. 1993. ‘Tajikistan: Ancient Heritage, New Politics’, in Nations and Politics in the Soviet Successor States, edited by Ian Bremmer and R. Taras. Cambridge University Press.

Bashiri, Iraj. 1998. ‘Factors Affecting Tajik Identity’, Link.

Bashiri, Iraj. 1998. ‘Tajik Ethnicity in Historical Perspective’, Link.

Becka, Jiri. 1980. Sadriddin Ayni: Father of Tajik Culture. Naples: Instituto Universitario Orientale.

Beeman, William O. 2005. ‘Persian, Dari and Tajik in Central Asia’, The National Council for Eurasian and East European Research. PDF.

Beeman, William O. 1999. ‘The Struggle for Identity in Post-Soviet Tajikistan’, Middle East Review of International Affairs, Vol. 3, No. 4.

Beigi, Khashayar. 2012. ‘Language and globalization in post-independence Tajikistan’, IREX Research Brief. PDF.

Bekhradnia, Shahin. 1994. ‘The Tajik case for a Zoroastrian identity’, Religion, State and Society, Volume 22, Issue 1.

Blakkisrud, Helge, and Shahnoza Nozimova. 2010. ‘History writing and nation building in post-independence Tajikistan’, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 38, No. 2.

Boboyorov, Hafiz. 2011. Kinship and Islam: The Role of Collective Identities in Shaping Institutional Order of Patronage in Southern Tajikistan. PhD Dissertation, Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Bonn. 8

Bosworth, C.E. and B.G. Fragner. 2009. ‘Tadjik’, in Encyclopaedia of Islam. 2nd Edition. Edited by P. Bearman et al. Netherlands: Brill.

Chika, Obiya. 2001. ‘When Faizulla Khojaev Decided to Be an Uzbek’, in Islam and Politics in Russia and Central Asia (Early Eighteenth to Late Twentieth Centuries), edited by Stéphane Dudoignon and Komatsu Hisao. London/New York: Kegan Paul.

Chvyr, Ludmila. 1993. ‘Central Asia's Tajiks: Self-identification and Ethnic Identity’, in State, Religion and Society in Central Asia: A Post-Soviet Critique, edited by Vitaly Naumkin. Reading: Ithaca Press.

Dodykhudoeva, Leila R. 2004. ‘Original scientific paper Ethno-Cultural Heritage of the Peoples of West Pamir’, Coll. Antropol., 28 Suppl. 1.

Foltz, Richard. 1996. ‘Uzbekistan’s Tajiks: a Case of Repressed Identity’, Central Asia Monitor, Vol. 6.

Hickson, Jill E. 2003. ‘Using Law to Create National Identity: The course to democracy in Tajikistan’, Texas International Law Journal, Vol. 38 (Spring).

Horsman, Stuart. 2006. ‘The politics of toponyms in the Pamir mountains’, Area, Vol. 38, No. 2.

Horsman, Stuart. 1999. ‘The Tajik Minority in Contemporary Uzbekistani Politics’, in Ethnicity and Democratisation in the New Europe, edited by K. Cordell. London: Routledge.

Jahangiri, Guissou. 1997. ‘The Premises for the Construction of a Tajik National Identity, 1920-1930’, in Tajikistan: The Trials of Independence, edited by Mohammad-Reza Djalili, Frederic Grare and Shirin Akiner. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

Jernudd, Bjorn. 1965. ‘The Language Situation in Tadzhik SSR’, Anthropological Linguistics, Vol. 7, No. 3, Part II.

Kayani, Saima Ashraf. 2006. Islam and Nationalism in Tajikistan. PhD dissertation, Quaid-i-Azam University. PDF

Laruelle, Marlene. 2007. ‘The Return of the Aryan Myth: Tajikistan in Search of a Secularized National Ideology’, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 35, No. 1.

Levi, Scott C. 2007. ‘Turk and Tajik in Central Asian History’, in Everyday Life in Central Asia, edited by J. Sahadeo and R. Zanca. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Manetta, Emily. 2011. ‘Journey into paradise: Tajik representations of Afghan Badakhshan’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 30, No. 3-4.

Marat, Erica. 2008. ‘National Ideology and Statebuilding in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan’, Silk Road Paper. PDF

Markowitz, Lawrence P. 2009. ‘How master frames mislead: the division and eclipse of nationalist movements in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 32, No. 4.

Nourzhanov, Kirill and Christian Bleuer. 2013 (forthcoming). Tajikistan: A Political and Social History. Canberra: Australian National University Press.

Nourzhanov, Kirill. 2001. ‘The Politics of History in Tajikistan: Reinventing the Samanids’, Harvard Asia Quarterly, Vol. 5, No. 1.

Payne, John. 1990. ‘Tajikistan and the Tajiks’, in The Nationalities Question in the Post-Soviet States, edited by Graham Smith. London: Longman, 2nd edition.

Rahmonov, Emomali. 2001. The Tajiks in the Mirror of History: From the Aryans to the Samanids. Guernsey, United Kingdom: London River Editions.

Roche, Sophie and Sophie Hohmann. 2011. ‘Wedding rituals and the struggle over national identities’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 30, No. 1.

Rosen, Barry. 1973. ‘An Awareness of Traditional Tajik Identity in Central Asia’, in The Nationality Question in Soviet Central Asia, edited by Edward Allworth. New York: Praeger.

Rowe, W. C. 2011. ‘Geolinguistics, culture, and politics in the development and maintenance of Tajiki’, Journal of Cultural Geography, Vol. 28, No. 2.

Schoeberlein-Engel, John S. 1994. Identity in Central Asia: Construction and contention in the conceptions of "Ozbek," "Tajik," "Muslim," "Samarqandi" and other groups. PhD dissertation, Harvard University.

Spinetti, Federico. 2006. Music, politics and identity in post-Soviet Tajikistan. PhD, University of London.

Spinetti, Federico. 2005. ‘Open Borders. Tradition and Tajik Popular Music: Questions of Aesthetics, Identity and Political Economy’, Ethnomusicology Forum, Vol. 14, No. 2.

Subtelny, Maria Eva. 1994. ‘The Symbiosis of Turk and Tajik’, in Central Asia in Historical Perspective, edited by B. F. Manz. Oxford: Westview Press.

Tompkins, Zenia H. 2010. ‘Language and identity in Tajikistan: A literary approach’, IREX Research Brief. PDF. 10

Wennberg, Franz. 2002. ‘The Globality of Tajik Nationalisms: A Research Note’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 21, No. 4.

Weryho. Jan W. 1983. ‘Modern Tajiki Persian: Gharbzadagi of a different kind’, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 11, No. 1.

Yountchi, Lisa. 2011. ‘The politics of scholarship and the scholarship of politics: Imperial, Soviet, and post-Soviet scholars studying Tajikistan’, in The Heritage of Soviet Oriental Studies, ed. by Michael Kemper and Stephan Conermann. Routledge.

(b) Ethnic minorities, interethnic relations and identity

Abashin, Sergei. 2003. ‘The transformation of ethnic identity in Central Asia: a case study of the Uzbeks and Tajiks’, Russian Regional Perspectives Journal, Vol. 1(2).

Akbarzadeh, Shahram. 1997. ‘A Note on Shifting Identities in the Ferghana Valley’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 16, No. 1.

Bleuer, Christian. 2007. Uzbeks Versus the Center: Mobilization as an Ethnic Minority in the Tajikistan and Afghanistan Civil Wars. MA, Indiana University. PDF

Bozrikova, T. N. 2004. ‘Problems of Ethnic Minorities in Tajikistan’, Working Paper prepared for the UN OHCHR. Word Doc.

Ferrando, Olivier. 2011. ‘Soviet population transfers and interethnic relations in Tajikistan: assessing the concept of ethnicity’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 30, No. 1.

Foltz , Richard. 1996. ‘The Tajiks of Uzbekistan’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 15, No. 2.

Fumagalli, Matteo. 2007. ‘Framing ethnic minority mobilisation in Central Asia: The cases of the Uzbeks in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan’, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 59 (4).

Fumagalli, Matteo. 2005. The Dynamics of Uzbek Ethno-political Mobilization in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan: 1991-2003. PhD diss, University of Edinburgh.

Hierman, Brent. 2010. ‘What use was the election to us? Clientelism and political trust amongst ethnic Uzbeks in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan’, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 38(2).

Horák, Slavomír. 2010. ‘In Search of the History of Tajikistan: What Are Tajik and Uzbek Historians Arguing About?’, Russian Politics and Law, Vol. 48(5).

Leitich, Keith. 2003. ‘Ethnic Conflict in the Near Abroad: The Case of Russians in Tajikistan’, International Journal of Central Asian Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1.

Olimov, M. A. and Saodat Olimova. 2002 ‘Ethnic Factors and Local Self- Government in Tajikistan’, in Local Governance and Minority Empowerment in the CIS, edited by Valery Tishkov and Elena Filippova. Budapest: LGI Books/ Open Society Institute.

Schoeberlein-Engel, John. 1994. ‘Conflicts in Tajikistan and Central Asia: The Myth of Ethnic Animosity’, Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic Review, Vol. 1, No. 2.

Wilson, Sophia. 2010. ‘Nationalism, Ethnic Minorities and Judicial Behavior in the Post-Soviet World’, Western Political Science Association 2010 Annual Meeting Paper. Available at SSRN.

3. Religion

Abashin, Sergei. 2006. ‘The logic of Islamic practice: a religious conflict in Central Asia’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 25, No. 3.

Akcali, Pinar. 1998. ‘Islam and Ethnicity in Central Asia: The Case of the Islamic Renaissance Party’, Mediterranean Quarterly, Winter.

Arabov, Oumar. 2004. ‘A note on Sufism in Tajikistan: what does it look like?’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 23, No. 3-4.

Arabov, Oumar. 2003. ‘Religion in Tajikistan: A Decade After the Breakup of the USSR’, International Journal of Central Asian Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1.

Atkin, Muriel. 1995. ‘Islam as Faith Politics and Bogeyman in Tajikistan’, The Politics of Religion in Russia and the New States of Eurasia, edited by Michael Bourdeaux. London/New York: M.E. Sharpe.

Atkin, Muriel. 1989. ‘The Survival of Islam in Soviet Tajikistan’, The Middle East Journal, Vol. 43, No. 4.

Atkin, Muriel. 1989. The Subtlest Battle: Islam in Soviet Tajikistan. Philadelphia: Foreign Policy Research Institute.

Bitter, Jean-Nicolas et al, eds. 2005. From Confidence Building Towards Cooperative Co-existence: The Tajik Experiment of Islamic-Secular Dialogue. Baden Baden: Nomos.

Blitt, Robert C. and W. Cole Durham. 2008. ‘Analysis of the Republic of Tajikistan’s Draft Law ‘About Freedom of Conscience and Religious Unions’’, The University of Tennessee College of Law, Legal Studies Research Paper Series, No. 26. Link.

Carrere d’Encausse, Helene. “Civil War and New Government,” in Central Asia, One Hundred and Thirty Years of Russian Dominance: A Historical Overview, edited by Edward Allworth. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1994.

De Cordier, Bruno. 2008. ‘Islamic faith-based development organizations in former Soviet Muslim environments: The Mountain Societies Development Support Programme in the Rasht valley, Tajikistan’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 27, No. 2.

Di Maio, Micah and J. Abenstein. 2011. ‘Policy Analysis: Tajikistan’s Peacebuilding Efforts through Promotion of Hanafi Islam’, Journal of Peacebuilding & Development, Vol. 6 No. 1.

Dudoignon, S. 2011. ‘From revival to mutation: the religious personnel of Islam in Tajikistan, from de-Stalinization to independence (1955-91)’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 30, No. 1.

Dudoignon, Stephane. 2004. ‘Local Lore, the Transmission of Learning, and Communal Identity in Late 20th-Century Tajikistan’, in Devout Societies vs. Impious States? Transmitting Islamic Learning in Russia, Central Asia and China, through the Twentieth Century, edited by Stephane Dudoignon. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag.

Dudoignon, Stéphane A. and Komatsu, Hisao (eds.). 2001. Islam in Politics of Russia and Central Asia (Early Eighteenth to Late Twentieth Centuries. London: Kegan Paul.

Epkenhans, Tim. 2011. ‘Defining normative Islam: some remarks on contemporary Islamic thought in Tajikistan - Hoji Akbar Turajonzoda's Sharia and society’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 30, No. 1.

Epkenhans, T. 2010. ‘Muslims without learning, clergy without faith: institutions of Islamic learning in the Republic of Tajikistan’, Islamic education in the Soviet Union and its successor states, edited by M. Kemper, et al. London: Routledge.

Epkenhans, Tim. 2009. ‘Regulating religion in Post-Soviet Central Asia: Some remarks on Religious Association Law and ‘official’ Islamic institutions in Tajikistan’, Security and Human Rights, No. 1.

Gatling, Benjamin. 2012. Post-Soviet Sufism: Texts and the Performance of Tradition in Tajikistan. PhD dissertation, The Ohio State University.

Gretsky, Sergei. 1994. “Profile: Qadi Akbar Turajonzoda,” Central Asia Monitor, Vol. 3, No. 1.

Iloliev, Abdulmamad. 2008. ‘Popular culture and religious metaphor: saints and shrines in Wakhan region of Tajikistan’, Central Asian Survey, Volume 27, Issue 1.

Kabiri, Muhiddin. 2012. ‘Transcript of Mr. Kabiri’s speech and discussion at the Central Asia Program, George Washington University, October 16, 2012’, Voices From Central Asia, No. 8. PDF.

Karagiannis, Emmanuel. 2006. ‘The challenge of radical Islam in Tajikistan: Hizb ut Tahrir al-Islami’, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 34, No. 1.

Karim, M.A. 2007. The decline and fall of scientific atheism in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, 1964-91. MPhil thesis, De Montfort University.

Kayani, Saima Ashraf. 2006. Islam and Nationalism in Tajikistan. PhD dissertation, Quaid-i-Azam University. PDF

Khalid, Adeeb. 2007. Islam after Communism: Religion and Politics in Central Asia. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Makhamov, M. 1994. ‘Islam and the political development of Tajikistan after 1985’, in Central Asia: Strategic Importance and Future Prospects, edited by Hafeez Malik. Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Marshallsay, Zaniah. 2009. ‘The State and Islam in Kazakhstan and Tajikistan: Managing religion in a secular environment’, Paper presented to the Australasian Political Studies Association Annual Conference. PDF

Martin, Keith. 1997. ‘Regional and Religious Politics in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan: Some Preliminary Notes’, Demokratizatsiya, Vol. 5, No. 3.

Middleton, Robert and Huw Thomas. 2012. Tajikistan and the High Pamirs. Hong Kong: Odyssey Books.

Mullojonov, Parviz. 2001. ‘The Islamic Clergy in Tajikistan since the End of the Soviet Period’, in Islam in Politics in Russia and Central Asia (Early Eighteenth to Late Twentieth Centuries), edited by S.A. Dudoignon and K. Hisao, New York: Kegan Paul.

Naumkin, Vitaly V. 2005. Radical Islam in Central Asia: Between Pen and Rifle. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

Niiazi, Aziz and S. Lang. 1997. ‘Islam in Tajikistan’, Anthropology & Archeology of Eurasia, Vol. 36, No 2.

Niyazi, Aziz. 1999. ‘Islam and Tajikistan’s Human and Ecological Crisis’, in Civil Society in Central Asia, edited by M. H. Ruffin and D. C. Waugh. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

Niyazi, Aziz. 1998. ‘Islam in Tajikistan: Tradition and modernity’, Religion, State and Society, Vol. 26, No. 1.

Nourzhanov, Kirill and Christian Bleuer. 2013 (forthcoming). Tajikistan: A Political and Social History. Canberra: Australian National University Press.

Olimova, Saodat and Farkhod Tolipov. 2011. ‘Islamic Revival in Central Asia: The cases of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan’, Documentos CIDOB ASIA 26 . PDF.

Olimova, Saodat and Muzaffar Olimov. 2001. ‘The Islamic Renaissance Party’, in Politics of Compromise: The Tajikistan Peace Process, edited by K. Abdullaev and C. Barnes. London: Conciliation Resources.

Olimova, Saodat and Muzaffar Olimov. 2001. ‘The Islamic Revival Party of Tajikistan in the context of the Tajik conflict and its settlement’, Central Asia and the Caucasus, No. 1 (7).

Olimova, Saodat. 2000. ‘Islam and the Tajik Conflict’, in Islam and Central Asia: An Enduring Legacy or an Evolving Threat?, edited by Roald Sagdeev and Susan Eisenhower. Washington: Center for Political and Strategic Studies.

Olimova, Saodat. 1999. ‘Political Islam and conflict in Tajikistan’, in Political Islam and Conflicts in Eurasia, edited by Lena Jonson and Murad Esenov. Sweden: AB Publishing House.

Pickett, James. 2008. ‘International Islam and Religious Identity in Central Asia’, IREX Research Brief. PDF.

Poliakov, Sergei P. 1992. Everyday Islam: Religion and Tradition in Rural Central Asia. London: M. E. Sharpe.

Remtilla, Aliaa. 2012. Re-producing social relations: Political and economic change and Islam in post-Soviet Tajik Ishkashim. PhD Dissertation, University of Manchester. PDF.

Sattori, Kiemiddin. 2002. ‘Tajik Press about the Youth and Islam’, Central Asia and the Caucasus, No. 3 (15).

Seifert, Arne C. 2004 ‘Confidence-building measures adopted by the participants of an informal secular-Islamic dialogue in Tajikistan’, CORE/PSIO Working Paper No. 12. PDF.

Shorish, M. Mobin. 1981. ‘Dissent of the Muslims: Soviet Central Asia in the 1980s’, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 9, No. 2.

Steinberg, Jonah. 2006. The anatomy of the Transnation: The globalization of the Isma`ili Muslim community. PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.

Stephan, Manja. 2010. ‘Moral Education, Islam and Being Muslim in Tajikistan’, in Religion, Identity, Postsocialism, edited by Chris Hann. Halle/Saale: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology.

Stephan, Manja. 2010. ‘Education, youth and Islam: the growing popularity of private religious lessons in Dushanbe, Tajikistan’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 29, No. 4.

Stephan, Manja. 2007. ‘'You Come to Us Like a Black Cloud': Universal versus Local Islam in Tajikistan’, in The Postsocialist Religious Question: Faith and Power in Central Asia and East-Central Europe, edited by CM Hann. Berlin: Lit.

Sypko, Susan. 2008. ‘[Urban youth attitudes towards Islam]’, IREX Research Brief. PDF.

Turajonzoda, Qadi Akbar. 1995. ‘Religion: The Pillar of Society’, in Central Asia: Conflict, Resolution and Change, edited by Roald Sagdeev and Susan Eisenhower. Chevy Chase, MD: Center for Post-Soviet Studies.

Webster, Jennifer. 2012. ‘Pilgrimage and Shrines in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan’, IREX Research Brief. PDF.

Yilmaz, Ihsan. 2009. ‘An Islamist Party, Constraints, Opportunities and Transformation to Post-Islamism: The Tajik Case’, Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika, Cilt 5, Sayı 18 . PDF

4. Civil War

Abazov, Rafis. 2002. ‘Independent Tajikistan: Ten Lost Years’, in Oil, Transition and Security in Central Asia., edited by Sally N. Cummings. London; John Murray.

Abdullaev, Kamoludin. 1998. ‘The Civil War in Tajikistan’, Peace and Policy: Journal of the Toda Institute for Global Peace and Policy Research, Vol. 3, No. 1.

Abdullaev, K. N., and Catherine Barnes. 2001. Politics of compromise: the Tajikistan peace process. London: Conciliation Resources.

Abdullo, Rashid. G. 2001. ‘Implementation of the 1997 General Agreement’, in Politics of Compromise: The Tajikistan Peace Process, edited by Kamoludin Abdullaev and Catharine Barnes. London: Conciliation Resources.

Ahmed, Muhatir. 1998. ‘Afghanistan and Tadjikistan: destabilising factors for South and Central Asian Region’, Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs, Vol. III, No. 1.

Akbarzadeh, Shahram. 1997. Nation-building in Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. PhD dissertation, La Trobe University.

Akbarzadeh, Shahram. 1996. ‘Why Did Nationalism Fail in Tajikistan?’, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 48, No. 7.

Akcali, Pinar. 1998. Identity politics and political mobilization in Central Asia: The case of the Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP). PhD dissertation, Miami University.

Akcali, Pinar. 1998. ‘Islam as a ‘Common Bond’ in Central Asia: Islamic Renaissance Party and the Afghan Mujahidin’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 17, No. 2.

Akhmedov, S. 1998. ‘Tajikistan II: The Regional Conflict in Confessional and International Context’, in Conflicting Loyalties and the State in Post-Soviet Russia and Eurasia, edited by M. Waller, B. Coppieters and A. Malashenko. London: Frank Cass.

Akiner, Shirin and Catharine Barnes. 2001. ‘The Tajik Civil War: Causes and Dynamics’, in Politics of Compromise: The Tajikistan Peace Process, edited by Kamoludin Abdullaev and Catharine Barnes (editors). London: Conciliation Resources.

Akiner, Shirin. 2001. Tajikistan: Disintegration or Reconciliation? London: RIIA.

Amnesty International. 1993. Tadzhikistan: compilation document. New York, N.Y. 18

Anderson, John. 1997. ‘Islam, ethnicity and regional conflict: the case of Tajikistan’, in The International Politics of Central Asia. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Atkin, Muriel. 1997. ‘Tajikistan’s Civil War’, Current History (October).

Atkin, Muriel. 1997. ‘Tajikistan: reform, reaction, and civil war’, in New States, New Politics: Building the Post-Soviet Nations, edited by I. Bremer and R. Taras. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Atkin, Muriel. 1994. ‘The Politics of Polarization in Tajikistan’, in Central Asia: Its Strategic Importance and Future Prospects, edited by Hafeez Malik. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

Auten, Brian. 1996. ‘Tajikistan Today’, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, Vol. 19.

Baev, Pavel K. 2007. ‘Defining Civil War by Examining Post-Soviet Conflicts’, Terrorism and Political Violence, Vol. 19, No. 2.

Bleuer, Christian. 2007. Uzbeks Versus the Center: Mobilization as an Ethnic Minority in the Tajikistan and Afghanistan Civil Wars. MA thesis, Indiana University. PDF

Brenninkmeijer, Olivier. 1996. ‘Tajikistan’s Elusive Peace’, The World Today, Vol. 52, No. 2.

Brown, Bess. 1997. ‘The Civil War in Tajikistan, 1992-1993’, in Tajikistan: The Trials of Independence, edited by Mohammad-Reza Djalili, Frederic Grare and Shirin Akiner. New York: St. Martin's Press.

Brown, Bess. 1992. ‘Whither Tajikistan’, RFE/RL Research Report, Vol. 1(24).

Derluguian, Georgi. 1993. ‘"Ethnic" Violence in the Post-Communist Periphery’, Studies in Political Economy, Vol. 41.

Djalili, Mohammad-Reza, Frederic Grare and Shirin Akiner. 1997. Tajikistan: The Trials of Independence. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

Driscoll, Jesse. 2012. ‘Commitment Problems or Bidding Wars? Rebel Fragmentation as Peace Building’, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 56, No. 1.

Driscoll, Jesse R. 2009. Exiting anarchy: Militia politics after the post-Soviet wars. PhD dissertation, Stanford University.

Dudoignon, Stephane A. 1998. ‘Communal solidarity and social conflicts in late 20th century Central Asia: The case of the Tajik Civil War’, Islamic Area Studies Working Paper Series, No. 7. Islamic Area Studies Project, Japan. 19

Dudoignon, Stephane A. 1997. ‘Political Parties and Forces in Tajikistan, 1989- 1993’, in Tajikistan: The Trials of Independence, edited by Mohammad-Reza Djalili, Frederic Grare and Shirin Akiner. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

Emadi, Hafizullah. 1994. ‘State, ideology and Islamic resurgence in Tadjikistan’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 13, No. 4.

Green, Ernest Thomas. 1993. ‘Aid to Tajikistan’, Central Asia Monitor, No. 4.

Greene, Thomas. 1998. Turmoil in Tajikistan: Addressing the Crisis of Internal Displacement’, in The Forsaken People: Case Studies of the Internally Displaced, edited by Roberta Cohen and Francis Deng. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.

Gretsky, Sergei. 1995. ‘Civil War in Tajikistan: Causes, Developments, and Prospects for Peace’, in Central Asia: Conflict, Resolution, and Change, edited by Roald Z. Sagdeev and Susan Eisenhower. Chevy Chase, Maryland: CPSS Press.

Gretsky, Sergei. 1995. ‘Civil war in Tajikistan and its international repercussions’, Middle East Critique, Vol. 4, Issue 6.

Hetmanek, Allen. 1993. ‘Islamic Revolution and Jihad come to the former Soviet Central Asia: The case of Tajikistan’, Central Asian Survey, Volume 12, Issue 3.

Human Rights Watch. 1996. ‘Tajik Refugees in Northern Afghanistan: Obstacles to Repatriation’, Human Rights Watch Report. Online

Human Rights Watch. 1995. ‘Return to Tajikistan: Continued Regional and Ethnic Tensions’, Human Rights Watch Report, Vol. 7, No. 9. Online

Human Rights Watch. 1994. ‘Political Prisoners in Tajikistan’, Human Rights Watch Report. PDF

Human Rights Watch. 1994. ‘Human Rights in Tajikistan: On the Eve of Presidential Elections’, Human Rights Watch Report. PDF

Human Rights Watch. 1993. Human Rights in Tajikistan: In the Wake of Civil War’, Human Rights Watch Report. PDF

Imomov, Ashurboi, Harold H. Saunders, and Gennady Chufrin. [No Date].‘The inter-Tajik dialogue within the framework of the Dartmouth Conference’, CA&CC Press. Link.

Iji, Tetsuro. 2007. Cooperation, Coordination and Interconnectedness in Multiparty Mediation: The Case of Tajikistan, 1993-1997. Doctoral dissertation, London School of Economics and Political Science. 20

INS. 1993. ‘Tajikistan: political conditions in the post-Soviet era’, INS Alert Series. INS Resource Information Center, Washington, D.C. PDF

Jawad, Nassim and Shahrbanou Tadjbakhsh. 1995. Tajikistan: A Forgotten Civil War. London: Minority Rights Group.

Kevlihan, Robert. 2009. ‘States of Insurgency: Conflict Transformation in Civil Wars through Social Services.’ Available at SSRN.

Khaidarov, G. and M. Inomov, Tajikistan: Tragedy and Anguish of the Nation. St. Petersburg: LINKO.

Khodjibaev, Karim. 1999. ‘Small Arms Proliferation and Social Militarization in Tajikistan’, Central Asia Monitor, No. 3.

Khodjibaeva, Moukhabbat. 1999. ‘Television and the Tajik Conflict’, Central Asia Monitor, #1.

Khudonazar, Anaita. 2004. ‘The Other’, Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post- Soviet Studies Working Paper Series. PDF

Khudonazar, Davlat. 1995. ‘The Conflict in Tajikistan: Questions of Regionalism’, in Central Asia: Conflict, Resolution, and Change, edited by Roald Z. Sagdeev and Susan Eisenhower. Chevy Chase, Maryland: CPSS Press.

Khudonazarov, Davlat. 1993. Tajikistan: tragedy and prospects, perspectives of a democratic leader. Washington DC: The George Washington University, Elliott School of International Affairs.

Kiasatpour, Soleiman M. 1998. Regime transition in post-Soviet Central Asia: The cases of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. PhD diss., University of California, Riverside.

Kosach, Grigorii G. 1995. ‘Tajikistan: Political Parties in an Inchoate National Space’, in Muslim Eurasia: Conflicting Legacies, edited by Yaacov Ro’i. London: Frank Cass.

Kuzmin, A.I. 2001. ‘The Causes and Lessons of the Civil War’, in Central Asia: Political & economic Challenges in the Post-Soviet Era, edited by Alexei Vassiliev. London: Saqi Books.

Lynch, Dov. 2002. ‘Separatist states and post-Soviet conflicts’, International Affairs, Vol. 78, No. 4.

Lynch, Dov. 2001. ‘The Tajik civil war and peace process’, Civil Wars, Vol. 4, No. 4.

Lynch, Dov. 1997. Russian peacekeeping strategies in the CIS, 1992-1996: the cases of Moldova, Georgia and Tajikistan. PhD dissertation, University of Oxford.

Markowitz, Lawrence P. 2011. ‘Unlootable Resources and State Security Institutions in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan’, Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 44, No. 2.

Markowitz, Lawrence. 2005. Collapsed and Prebendal States in Post-Soviet Eurasia: Cross-Regional Determinants of State Formation in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Martin, Keith. 1997. ‘Regional and Religious Politics in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan: Some Preliminary Notes’, Demokratizatsiya, Vol. 5, No. 3.

Martin, Keith. 1997. ‘Welcome to the Republic of Leninabad’, Central Asia, No. 4 (10).

Matveeva, Anna. 2009. ‘The Perils of Emerging Statehood: Civil War and State Reconstruction in Tajikistan an Analytical Narrative on State-Making’, Crisis States Research Centre Working Paper, No. 46.

Niyazi, Aziz. 1998. ‘Tajikistan I: The Regional Dimension of Conflict’, in Conflicting Loyalties and the State in Post- Soviet Russia and Eurasia., edited by Michael Waller, Bruno Coppieters and Alexei Malashenko. London: Frank Cass.

Nourzhanov, Kirill and Christian Bleuer. 2013 (forthcoming). Tajikistan: A Political and Social History. Canberra: Australian National University Press.

Nourzhanov, Kirill. 2005. ‘Saviours of the nation or robber barons? Warlord politics in Tajikistan’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 24, No. 2.

Nourzhanov, Kirill. 1998. ‘Seeking Peace in Tajikistan: Who is the Odd Man Out?’, Central Asia Monitor, No. 6.

Nourzhanov, Kirill. 1997. Politics and change in Tajikistan. PhD dissertation, Australian National University.

Rogers, Daniel S. 2003. ‘Tajikistan: POL/MIL Informed Questions’, National War College, Washington DC. PDF

Roy, Olivier. 2001. ‘Inter-regional dynamics of war’, in Politics of Compromise: the Tajikistan Peace Process, edited by K. Abdullaev and Catherine Barnes. London: Conciliation Resources.

Roy, Olivier. 2000. The New Central Asia: The Creation of Nations. NYU Press.

Roy, Olivier. 1997. ‘Is the Conflict in Tajikistan a Model for Conflicts Throughout Central Asia?’ in Tajikistan: The Trials of Independence, edited by Mohammad-Reza Djalili, Frederic Grare and Shirin Akiner (editors). New York: St. Martin’s Press.

Roy, Olivier. 1993. ‘Civil War in Tajikistan: Causes and Implications’, United States Institute of Peace.

Rubin, Barnett R. 1998. ‘Russian Hegemony and State Breakdown in the Periphery: Causes and Consequences of the Civil War in Tajikistan’, in Post- Soviet Political Order: Conflict and State Building, edited by Barnett R Rubin and Jack Snyder. London: Routledge.

Rubin, Barnett R. 1994. ‘Tajikistan: From Soviet Republic to Russian-Uzbek Protectorate’, in Central Asia and the World: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkmenistan, edited by Michael Mandelbaum. New York: Council on Foreign Relations.

Rubin, Barnett R. 1993. ‘The Fragmentation of Tajikistan, Survival, Vol. 35(4).

Schoeberlein-Engel, John. 1994. ‘Conflicts in Tajikistan and Central Asia: The Myth of Ethnic Animosity’, Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic Review, Vol. 1, No. 2.

Shapoatov, Sayfiddin. 2004. ‘The Tajik Civil War: 1992-1997’, MA thesis, Middle East Technical University. PDF

Shepherd, Monika S. 1996. ‘The effects of Russian and Uzbek intervention in the Tajik Civil War’, The Soviet and post-Soviet Review, Vol. 23, No. 3.

Shirazi, Habib. 1997. ‘The Collapse of Soviet Rule: The Implications for Tajikistan’, Russian and Euro-Asian Bulletin, October 1997. Link.

Shirazi, Habibollah Abolhassan. 1997. The dynamics of political stability in post-Soviet Tajikistan. PhD, University of Sydney.

Shirazi, Habibollah Abolhassan. 1997. ‘Political Forces and Their Structures in Tajikistan’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 16, No. 4.

Slim, Randa M. and Harold H. Saunders. 1996. ‘Managing Conflict in Divided Societies: Lessons from Tajikistan’, Negotiation Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1.

Splidsboel-Hansen, Flemming. 1999. ‘The Outbreak and Settlement of Civil War: Neorealism and the Case of Tajikistan’, Civil Wars, Vol. 2, No. 4.

Tadjbakhsh, Shahrbanou. 1996. ‘National Reconciliation: the Imperfect Whim’, Central Asia Survey, Vol. 15, No. 3.

Tadjbakhsh, S. 1994. ‘Tajikistan: From Freedom to War, Current History, #93.

Tadjbakhsh, Shahrbanou. 1993. ‘Causes and Consequences of the Civil War’, Central Asia Monitor, No. 1.

Tadjbakhsh, Shahrbanou. 1996. ‘International aid and conflict in Tajikistan’, The National Council for Soviet and East European Research. PDF.

Tadjbakhsh, Shahrbanou. 1995. ‘The UN-sponsored Inter-Tajik Dialogue’, The National Council for Soviet and East European Research.

Tadjbakhsh, Shahrbanou. 1995. ‘The Tajik Presidential Elections, The National Council for Soviet and East European Research.

Tadjbakhsh, Shahrbanou. 1993. ‘The Bloody Path of Change: The Case of Post- Soviet Tadjikistan’, The Harriman Institute Forum.

Tadjbakhsh, Shahrbanou. 1993. ‘The Tajik Spring of 1992’, Central Asia Monitor, Vol. 2, No. 2.

Thoni, Julien. 1994. ‘The Tajik Conflict: The dialectic between internal fragmentation and external vulnerability, 1991-1994’, PSIS Occasional Paper Number 3.

Tunçer-Kilavuz, Idil. 2011. ‘Understanding Civil War: A Comparison of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan’, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 63, No. 2.

Tunçer-Kılavuz, İdil. 2009. ‘The Role of Networks in Tajikistan’s Civil War: Network Activation and Violence Specialists’, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 37(5).

Tunçer-Kılavuz, İdil. 2007. Understanding Violent Conflict: A Comparative Study of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. PhD dissertation, Indiana University.

Turajonzoda, Akbar. 1995. ‘Tajikistan: politics, religion, and peace’, Problems of Post-Communism, Vol. 42, Issue 4.

US Congress. 1996. ‘Developments in Tajikistan’, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Europe and the Middle East of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, September 22, 1994, Washington DC: US Government Printing Office.

Whitlock, Monica. 2002. Land Beyond the River. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

Zartman, Jonathan K. 2004. Political transition in Central Asian republics: Authoritarianism versus power-sharing. PhD dissertation, University of Denver.

Zviagelskaya, Irina. 1997. The Tajik Conflict. Ithaca: Ithaca Press. Online

Zviagelskaya, Irina. 1997. ‘The Tajik Conflict’, RCSRIS Series, Russian Center for Strategic Research and International Studies Joint Edition with Ithaca Press. Reading: UK

Zviagelskaya, Irina. 1997. ‘The Tajik Conflict: Problems of Regulation’, in Tajikistan: The Trials of Independence. Edited by Mohammad-Reza Djalili, Frederic Grare and Shirin Akiner. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

5. Post-Conflict Era and Security

Abazov, R. 1999. ‘Central Asia’s Conflicting Legacy and Ethnic Policies: Revisiting a Crisis Zone of the Former USSR’, Nationalism & Ethnic Politics, Vol. 5, No. 2.

Abdulaev, Kamoludin and Sabine Freizer. 2003. ‘What Peace Five Years After the Signing of the Tajik Peace Agreement? Strategic Conflict Assessment and Peace Building Framework, Tajikistan’, UK Government Global Conflict Prevention. Online

Abdullaev, Kamoludin. 2004. ‘Current Local Government Policy Situation in Tajikistan’, in Tajikistan at a Crossroad: The Politics of Decentralization, edited by Luigi Di Martino. Geneva: Cimera Publications.

Abdullo, Rashid. 2001. ‘Tajikistan: The Political Results of a Decade of Independence’, Central Asia & the Caucasus, No. 6 (12). Link.

Akbarzadeh, Shahram. 2006. ‘Geopolitics versus Democracy in Tajikistan’, Demokratizatsiya, Vol. 14, No. 4.

Akbarzadeh, Shahram. 2001. ‘Abdullajanov and the ‘third force’, in Politics of Compromise: The Tajikistan Peace Process, edited by Kamoludin Abdullaev and Catharine Barnes. London: Conciliation Resources.

Ahmedova, Fatimakhon and Keith A. Leitich. 2001. ‘Ethnic and Religious Conflict in the Ferghana Valley’, Journal of Central Asian Studies, Vol. 6, No. 1.

Akiner, Shirin. 2010. ‘Conflict and Postconflict in Tajikistan’, in Security and Development: Searching for Critical Connections, edited by Michael S. Lund et al. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.

Akiner, Shirin. 2006. ‘Conflict and Post-Conflict Tajikistan’, in Impacts of Security and Development Policies in Achieving Sustainable Peace, edited by N. Tschirgi and F. Mancini. International Peace Academy, New York.

Akiner, Shirin. 2004. ‘Prospects for Civil Society in Tajikistan’, in Civil Society in the Muslim World: Contemporary Perspectives, edited by Amyn B. Sajoo. London/New York: I.B. Tauris.

Aliev, Hassan. 1997. ‘Forming of political system of Tajikistan: Political and juridical aspects’, NATO Research Fellowships Programme. PDF

Amnesty International. 2012. ‘Shattered Lives: Torture and Other Ill-Treatment in Tajikistan’, London: Amnesty International. PDF.

Amnesty International. 2012. ‘No Justice, No Protection: Torture and Other Ill- Treatment by Law Enforcement Officials in Tajikistan’, London: Amnesty International. PDF.

Asadullaev, Iskander. 2001. ‘The Tajikistan government’, in Politics of Compromise: The Tajikistan Peace Process, ed. K. Abdullaev and C. Barnes. London: Conciliation Resources.

Atkin, Muriel. 2002. ‘A President and his rivals’, in Power and Change in Central Asia, edited by Sally N. Cummings. London/New York: Routledge.

Atkin, Muriel. 1999. ‘FAST Case Study: Tajikistan’, Swiss Peace Foundation, Institute for Conflict Resolution.

Atkin, Muriel. 1997. ‘Thwarted Democratization in Tajikistan’, in Conflict, Cleavage and Change in Central Asia and Caucasus, edited by Karen Dawisha and Bruce Parrot. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Barnett, Michael and Christoph Zurcher. 2009. ‘The peacebuilder's contract: How external statebuilding reinforces weak statehood’, in The Dilemmas of Statebuilding Confronting the contradictions of postwar peace operations, edited by Roland Paris and Timothy D. Sisk London: Routledge.

Bitter, Jean-Nicolas (et al., eds.). 2005. From Confidence Building towards Co- operative Co-existence: the Tajik Experiment of Islamic-Secular Dialogue. Baden- Baden: Nomos.

Bleuer, Christian. 2012. ‘Instability in Tajikistan? The Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan and the Afghanistan Factor’, Central Asia Security Policy Brief No. 7 (February 2012). PDF.

Bobonazarova, Oinhol. 1998. ‘After the war is over...’, Index on Censorship, Vol. 27, No. 2.

Boonstra, Jos and Natalia Shapovalova. 2012. ‘Thinking security, doing development? The security-development nexus in European policies towards Tajikistan’, EUCAM Working Paper No. 12. PDF.

Brenninkmeijer, Olivier A.J. 1997. ‘International Concern for Tajikistan: UN and OSCE Efforts to Promote Peace-Building and Democratisation’, in Tajikistan: The Trials of Independence, edited by Mohammad-Reza Djalili, F. Grare and Shirin Akiner. New York: St. Martin's Press.

BTI. 2012. ‘Tajikistan Country Report’, Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index. PDF.

Buisson, A. 2007. ‘State-Building, Power-Building and Political Legitimacy: The Case of Post-Conflict Tajikistan’, China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, Vol. 5(4).

Burnashev, Rustam and Irina Chernykh. 2002. ‘The armed forces of the Republic of Tajikistan’, Central Asia and the Caucasus, No. 6 (18).

Cassar, Alessandra et al. 2011. ‘Social Cooperation and the Problem of the Conflict Gap: Survey and Experimental Evidence from Post-War Tajikistan’, Australian School of Business Research Paper No. 2011 ECON 15. Link.

Chatterjee, Suchandana. 2002. Society and Politics in Tajikistan in the Aftermath of the Civil War. London: Greenwich Millennium.

Collins, Kathleen. 2003. ‘Tajikistan: Bad Peace Agreements and Prolonged Civil Conflict’ in From Promise to Practice: Strengthening UN Capacities for the Prevention of Violent Conflict, edited by Chandra Lekha Sriram & Karin Wermester. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.

Conrad, Burkhard. 2000. ‘The problem of small arms and light weapons in Tajikistan’, Strategic Analysis, Volume 24, Issue 8.

Dadmehr, Nasrin. 2003. ‘Tajikistan: Regionalism and Weakness’, in State Failure and State Weakness in a Time of Terror, edited by Robert I. Rotberg. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.

Dagiev, Dagikhudo. 2011. The process of transition in post-soviet Central Asia and its challenge: a case study of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. PhD, University College London.

De Cordier, Bruno. 2012. ‘Can an Arab Uprising Scenario also happen in Southern Eurasia? A Cross-cutting Look at Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan’, Central Asia Research Paper No. 2. PDF.

De Martino, Luigi. 2004. ‘Tajikistan at a Crossroad: Contradictory Forces at the Heart of the Tajik Political System’, in Tajikistan at a Crossroad: The Politics of Decentralization, edited by Luigi Di Martino (editor). Geneva: Cimera Publications.

Donnelly, Ted. 2012. Fergana as FATA? A Post-2014 Strategy for Central Asia. U.S. Army War College. PDF. 27

Druke, Luise. 2000. ‘Housing and Property Restitution for Returnees in Tajikistan in the 1990s’, Refugee Survey Quarterly, Vol. 19, No. 3.

Dudoignon, Stephane A. 2004. ‘From Ambivalence to Ambiguity?: Some Paradigms of Policy Making in Tajikistan’, in Tajikistan at a Crossroad: The Politics of Decentralization, edited by Luigi Di Martino (editor). Geneva: Cimera Publications.

Feiman, Eli. 2009. ‘Party Competition in Tajikistan: A Bleak Present, But a Brighter Future?’, IREX Scholar Research Brief. PDF

Foroughi, Payam. 2011. ‘Politics and Human Rights in Tajikistan: Squandered Opportunities, Uncertain Future’, in OSCE Yearbook 2011. PDF.

Foroughi, Payam. 2004. ‘Nations in Transit 2004: Tajikistan’, Freedom House Nations in Transit. PDF

Foroughi, Payam. 2002. ‘Tajikistan: Nationalism, Ethnicity, Conflict, and Socio- economic Disparities’, Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, Vol. 22, No. 1.

Freizer, Sabine. 2004. ‘Central Asian fragmented society: Communal and neoliberal forms in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan’, in Exploring Civil Society: Political and Cultural Contexts, edited by Marlies Glasius, David Lewis and Hakan Seckinelgin. NY: Routledge.

Freizer, Sabine. 2004. What Civil Society After Civil War? A Study of Civil Society Organizations’ Effect on Peace Consolidation in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Tajikistan. PhD dissertation, The London School of Economics.

Germalmaz, Mehmet Semih. 1999. ‘Structure and Authority of the Judiciary within the Legal Order of the Tajikistan Republic’, Tilburg Foreign L. Rev., 7.

Gerstle, D. 2006. ‘Bridging the Panj: Forging a Peacebuilding Livelihoods Strategy on the Afghan-Tajik Border’, Journal of Peacebuilding & Development, 2(3). PDF

Gleason, Gregory. 2001. ‘Power sharing in Tajikistan: political compromise and regional instability’, Conflict, Security & Development, Vol. 1, Issue 3.

Gorvin, Ian. 1997. ‘The Human Rights Situation in Tajikistan (1992-1993)’, in Tajikistan: The Trials of Independence, edited by Mohammad-Reza Djalili, Frederic Grare and Shirin Akiner. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

Hall, Michael. 2005. ‘Tajikistan at the Crossroads of Democracy and Authoritarianism’, in Prospects for Democracy in Central Asia, edited by Birgit N. Schlyter. Istanbul: Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul.

Harris, Colette. 1998. ‘Coping with daily life in post-soviet Tajikistan: The Gharmi villages of Khatlon Province’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 17, No. 4.

HDCHD. 2003. ‘Humanitarian engagement with armed groups: The Central Asian Islamic opposition movements’, HD Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue. PDF

Heathershaw, John. 2012. ‘Of National Fathers and Russian Elder Brothers: Conspiracy Theories and Political Ideas in Post-Soviet Central Asia’, The Russian Review, Vol. 71.

Heathershaw, John. 2011. ‘Tajikistan amidst globalization: state failure or state transformation?’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 30, No. 1.

Heathershaw, John and Edmund Herzig. 2011. ‘Introduction: the sources of statehood in Tajikistan’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 30, No. 1.

Heathershaw, John and Nick Megoran. 2011. ‘Contesting danger: a new agenda for policy and scholarship on Central Asia’, International Affairs, Vol. 87, No. 3.

Heathershaw, John and Sophie Roche. 2011. ‘Islam and Political Violence in Tajikistan: An Ethnographic Perspective on the Causes and Consequences of the 2010 Armed Conflict in the Kamarob Gorge’, Ethnopolitics Papers, No. 8.

Heathershaw, John. 2009. Post-conflict Tajikistan: The Politics of Peacebuilding and the Emergence of Legitimate Order. New York: Routledge.

Heathershaw, John. 2009. ‘Tajikistan's Virtual Politics of Peace’, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 61, No. 7.

Heathershaw, John. 2008. ‘Seeing like the International Community: How Peacebuilding Failed (and Survived) in Tajikistan’, Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, Vol. 2(3).

Heathershaw, John. 2007. ‘Peacebuilding as Practice: Discourses from Post- conflict Tajikistan’, International Peacekeeping, Vol. 14, No. 2.

Heathershaw, John. 2005. ‘The paradox of peacebuilding: peril, promise, and small arms in Tajikistan’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 24, No. 1.

Helton, Arthur C. 1998. ‘Tajikistan: Refugee Reintegration and Conflict Prevention Forced Migration Projects’, Open Society Institute, Forced Migration Projects. Link.

Hodizoda, Faredun. 2010. ‘“Misunderstanding”: A Road to Nowhere – Reflections from Tajikistan’, China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, Vol. 8, No. 2.

Hope, Berndt. 2009. Testing the theory of the penetrated political system in Central Asia. PhD dissertation, Long Island University.

Human Rights Watch. 1998. ‘Leninabad: Crackdown in the North’, Human Rights Watch Report, Vol. 10, no. 2 (D). Online

Hunt, Kathleen. 1998. ‘Tajikistan: Refugee Reintegration and Conflict Prevention’, Open Society Institute. Online

Iji, Tetsuro. 2005. ‘Cooperation, Coordination and Complementarity in International Peacemaking: The Tajikistan Experience’, International Peacekeeping, Vol. 12(2).

International Crisis Group. 2011. ‘Tajikistan: The Changing Insurgent Threats’, Asia Report N°205. PDF.

International Crisis Group. 2001 ‘Tajikistan: An Uncertain Peace’ ICG Asia Report, No. 30. December 24, 2001. Online

Jean, Isabella and Parviz Mullojanov. 2008. ‘Conflict and Peacebuilding in Tajikistan’, Collaborative Learning Projects. PDF.

Juraeva, Gavhar. 1996. ‘Ethnic Conflict in Tajikistan’, in Ethnic Conflict in the Post-Soviet World: Case Studies and Analysis, edited by Leokadia Drobizheva, Rose Gottemoeller, Catherine McArdie Kelleher, Lee Walker (editors). London: M.E. Sharpe.

Kabiri, Muhiddin. 2012. ‘Politics and Stability in Tajikistan’, Chatham House Russia and Eurasia Programme Meeting Summary. PDF.

Kasymov, Shavkat. 2012. ‘Regional fragmentation in Tajikistan: The shift of powers between different identity groups’, Asian Geographer, October 2012.

Kevlihan, Rob. 2009. States of insurgency: Conflict transformation in civil wars through social services. PhD dissertation, The American University.

Korostelina, Karina. 2007. ‘The system of social identities in Tajikistan: Early warning and conflict prevention’, Communist and Post-Communist Studies, Vol. 40, Issue 2.

Kurnar, Suneel. 2005. ‘Ethnicity and Politics in Tajikistan: Process and Trends’, India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs, 61.

Lam, Cheng-Un. 2009. Cooperation in the Ferghana Valley borderlands: Habitus, affinity, networks, conditions. PhD Dissertation, Kings College London.

Malashenko, Alexey. 2012. ‘Tajikistan: Civil War’s Long Echo’, Carnegie Moscow Center, Briefing Vol. 14, No. 3. PDF. 30

Markowitz, Lawrence P. 2012. ‘Tajikistan: authoritarian reaction in a postwar state’, Democratization, Vol. 19, No. 1.

Markowitz, Lawrence P. 2010. ‘The Limits of International Agency: Post-Soviet State Building in Tajikistan’, in Stable Outside, Fragile Inside? Post-Soviet Statehood in Central Asia, edited by Emilian Kavalski. London: Ashgate.

Markowitz, Lawrence P. 2003 ‘Sources of State Weakness and Collapse: Mahalla-State Relations in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan’, IREX Report. PDF.

Matveeva, Anna. 2010. ‘Security Sector Reform in Tajikistan’, Centre for European Security Studies (CESS), Groningen, Netherlands. PDF.

Matveeva, Anna. 2009. ‘Tajikistan: Revolutionary situation or a Resilient state?’, EUCAM Policy Brief, No. 12. PDF

Matveeva, Anna. 2009. ‘Tajikistan: Stability First’, Taiwan Journal of Democracy, Volume 5, No.1. PDF

Matveeva, Anna. 2005. “Tajikistan: Evolution of the Security Sector and the War on Terror,” in Facing the Terrorist Challenge –Central Asia’s Role in International Co-Operation, edited by Anna H. Ebnoether et al. Vienna and Geneva: Austrian Ministry of Defense and Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces. PDF

Megoran, N., et al. 2010. ‘Author-critic forum: the politics of peace building in Tajikistan’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 29. No. 2.

McLean, Jennifer and Thomas Greene. 1998. ‘Turmoil in Tajikistan: Addressing the Crisis of Internal Displacement’, in The Forsaken People: Case Studies of the Internally Displaced, edited by Roberta Cohen and Francis M. Deng. Washington: Brookings.

Mishra, Nirbhaya Nath. 2007. Ethnicity and Islamic Revivalism in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. New Delhi: National Book Publishers, 2007.

Nakaya, Sumie. 2009. A paradox of peacebuilding aid: Institutionalized exclusion and violence in post-conflict states. PhD dissertation, City University of New York.

Nakaya, Sumie. 2009. ‘Aid and transition from a war economy to an oligarchy in post-war Tajikistan’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 28, No. 3.

Nakaya, Sumie. 2007. ‘Post-War Exclusion and Violence in Tajikistan: Politics of Aid, Institution-Building, and the Emergence and Consolidation of an Oligarchy’, IREX Research Brief. PDF.

Narten, Jens and Zuercher, Christoph. 2009. ‘Peacebuilding is Interaction: Explaining the Outcomes of Postwar Democratic Transitions’, APSA 2009 Toronto Meeting Paper. SSRN.

Nishimura, Megumi. 1999. ‘The OSCE and ethnic conflicts in Estonia, Georgia, and Tajikstan: A search for sustainable peace and its limits’, European Security. Vol. 8(1).

Notabene. 2012. ‘NGO report on Tajikistan’s implementation of the convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment’, NGO Coalition against Torture and Impunity. PDF.

Omelicheva, Mariya Y. 2010. ‘The Ethnic Dimension of Religious Extremism and Terrorism in Central Asia’, International Political Science Review, 31.

Parham, Steve. 2010. ‘Controlling borderlands? New perspectives on state peripheries in southern Central Asia and northern Afghanistan’, FIIA Report No. 26. PDF.

Parham, Steven. 2009. What lies between: controlling state boundaries and negotiating trans-frontier nations in the borderlands of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and China. PhD Dissertation, University of Bern. PDF.

Peyrouse, Sébastien. 2012. ‘Battle on Top of the World: Rising Tensions in Tajikistan’s Pamir Region’, German Marshall Fund of the United States. PDF.

Pirseyedi, Bobi. 2000. ‘The Small Arms Problem in Central Asia: Features and Implications’, United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research. PDF.

Plater-Zyberk, Henry. 2004. ‘Tajikistan – Waiting For A Storm?’, Conflict Studies Research Centre, Central Asian Series. PDF

Poulton, Robin Edward. 2001. ‘The Kalashnikov in Afghanistan, Tajikistan and the other 'Stans'’, Asian Affairs, Volume 32, Issue 3.

Radnitz, Scott B. 2009. ‘Stability and Breakdown in Transitional States: An Analysis of Central Asia and the Caucasus’, APSA 2009 Toronto Meeting Paper. Available at SSRN.

Roche, Sophie. 2010. ‘From youth bulge to conflict: the case of Tajikistan’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 29, No. 4.

Roy, Olivier. 1995. ‘The Role of the OSCE in the Peace Process in Tajikistan’, in Central Asia: Conflict, Resolution and Change. Roald Sagdeev and Susan Eisenhower (Editors) Chevy Chase, MD: Center for Post-Soviet Studies.

Sanderson, Thomas et al. 2010. ‘From the Ferghana Valley to South Waziristan: The Evolving Threat of Central Asian Jihadists’, CSIS Transnational Threats Project. PDF.

Sattorzoda, Abdunabi. 2001. ‘The Democrat Party’, in Kamoludin Abdullaev and Catharine Barnes (eds.), Politics of Compromise: The Tajikistan Peace Process, London: Conciliation Resources.

Slim, Randa M. and Faredun Hodizoda. 2002. ‘Tajikistan: From Civil War to Peacebuilding’, Searching for Peace in Central and South Asia. Link.

Slim, Randa M. and Harold H. Saunders. 1996. ‘Managing Conflict in Divided Societies: Lessons from Tajikistan’, Negotiation Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1.

Smith, Grant. 1999. ‘Tajikistan: the rocky road to peace’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 18, No. 2.

Stein, Matthew. 2012. ‘Assessing the Capabilities of Tajikistan’s Military and Security Forces: The 2010-11 Rasht Valley Operations’, Foreign Militaries Studies Office. PDF.

Strachota, Krzysztof. 2004. ‘Tajikistan: The trial period’, CES Studies. PDF

Swanström, N., et al. 2005. ‘A Conflict and Security Analysis of Central Asia with a Focus on Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan’, Silk Road Studies Program. PDF

Taarnby, Michael. 2012. ‘Islamist Radicalization in Tajikistan: An Assessment of Current Trends’, Dushanbe: OSCE Office in Tajikistan.

Tadjbakhsh, Shahrbanou. 2012. ‘Turf on the roof of the world’, NOREF Report. PDF.

Tadjbakhsh, Shahrbanou. 2008. ‘International Peacemaking in Tajikistan and Afghanistan Compared: Lessons Learned and Unlearned’, CERI No. 143. PDF

Thomas, Troy S. and Stephen D. Kiser. 2002. ‘Lords of the Silk Route: Violent Non-State Actors in Central Asia’, INSS Occasional Paper 43. PDF

Toshmuhammadov, Mehrali. 2004. ‘Civil War in Tajikistan and Post-Conflict Rehabilitation’, Hokkaido University Center of Slavic Researches. PDF

Torjesen, Stina, and S Neil MacFarlane. 2007. ‘R before D: the case of post conflict reintegration in Tajikistan’, Conflict, Security & Development, (2).

Torjesen, Stina, Christina Wille and S. Neil MacFarlane. 2005. ‘Tajikistan’s Road to Stability: Reduction in Small Arms Proliferation and Remaining Challenges’, An Occasional Paper of the Small Arms Survey #17. PDF

UNDP. 2006. ‘Reintegration of ex-combatants in Tajikistan’, UNDP Rehabilitation, Reconstruction and Development Programme. PDF

Wiegmann, Gunda. 2009. Socio-political change in Tajikistan. PhD dissertation, Hamburg University. PDF

Zürcher, Christoph. 2004. ‘Analysis of Peace and Conflict Potential in Rasht Valley, Shurabad District and GBAO, Tajikistan’, ARC/GTZ. PDF

6. Foreign relations

Abdullo, Rashid. 2002. ‘Tajikistan and the antiterrorist campaign in Afghanistan’, Central Asia and the Caucasus, No. 5(17).

Atkin, Muriel. 2012. ‘Iran, Russia and Tajikistan’s Civil War’, in Iranian- Russian Encounters Empires and Revolutions since 1800, edited by Stephanie Cronin. London: Routledge.

Atkin, Muriel. 1994. ‘Tajikistan’s Relations with Iran and Afghanistan’, in The New Politics of Central Asia and Its Borderlands, edited by A. Banuazizi and M. Weiner. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Carlisle, Donald S. 1995. ‘Geopolitics and Ethnic Problems of Uzbekistan and its Neighbours’, in Muslim Eurasia: Conflicting Legacies. Yaacov Ro’i (editor). London: Frank Cass.

Clark, Brenton. 2012. ‘Iranian Foreign Policy Towards Tajikistan and Afghanistan During the Ahmadinejad Presidency: the Rising Salience of Persian National Identity’, Journal of Central Asian and Caucasian Studies, Vol. 7, No 13.

Crosston, Matthew. 2008. ‘Compromising coalitions and duplicitous diplomacy: US support for Tajikistan after 9/11 and its security implications’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 27, No. 2.

Crosston, Matthew. 2006. Fostering Fundamentalism: Terrorism, Democracy and American Engagement in Central Asia. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.

Dikayev, Turko. 2002 ‘Post-conflict Afghanistan and the media in Tajikistan’, Media Insight Central Asia # 22. PDF.

Djalili, Mohammad-Reza, and Frederic Grare. 1997. ‘Regional Ambitions and Interests in Tajikistan: the Role of Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran’, in 34

Tajikistan: The Trials of Independence, edited by Mohammad-Reza Djalili, Frederic Grare and Shirin Akiner. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

Dubnov, Arkady. 1995. ‘Tadjikistan’, in U.S. and Russian Policymaking With Respect to the Use of Force, edited by Jeremy R. Azrael and Emil A. Payin. RAND Centre for Russian and Eurasian Studies.

Dunn, Michael Collins. 1997. ‘Great Games and Small: Afghanistan, Tajikistan and the New Geopolitics of Southwest Asia’, Middle East Policy, Vol. 5.

Fumagalli, Matteo. 2007. ‘Tajikistan and the EU: From Post-Conflict Reconstruction to Critical Engagement’, CEPS Policy Briefs, Issue 112. PDF

Gleason, Gregory. 2001. ‘Why Russia is in Tajikistan’, Comparative Strategy, Vol. 20.

Gleason, Gregory. 2000 ‘Foreign Policy Dimensions of Tajikistan's Transportation Policy’, Central Asian Monitor, No. 6, pp. 13-19. SSRN.

Horsman, Stuart. 1999. ‘Uzbekistan’s Involvement in the Tajik civil war 1992- 97’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 18, No. 1.

Iskandarov, Kosimsho. 2008. ‘Tajik-Afghan interrelations today and their future prospects’, Central Asia and the Caucasus, No. 1 (49).

Jackson, N.J. 2001. Russian policy towards the CIS, 1991-1996: Debates about the political and military involvement in the Moldova-Transdniestria, Georgia- Abkhazia and Tajikistan conflicts. PhD Dissertation. London School of Economics.

Jalilov, Shokhrukh-Mirzo. 2011. ‘Impact of Rogun dam on downstream Uzbekistan agriculture’, International Journal of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 8.

Jonson, Lena. 2006. Tajikistan in the new Central Asia: geopolitics, great power rivalry and radical Islam. London: I.B. Tauris.

Jonson, Lena. 1997. ‘Russian Policy and Tajikistan’, Central Asia, No. 2 (8).

Juraev, Shairbek. 2012. ‘Central Asia’s Cold War? Water and Politics in Uzbek- Tajik Relations’, PONARS Eurasia Policy Memo No. 217. PDF.

Kassenova, N. 2009. ‘China as an. Emerging Donor in. Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan’, Russia/NIS Center. PDF

Makhmedov, Yusuf et al. 2012. ‘Water and energy disputes between Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, and their negative influence on regional co-operation’, NUPI. PDF. 35

Melvin, Neil J., ed. 2008. Engaging Central Asia: The European Union's New Strategy in the Heart of Eurasia, Brussles: CEPS Paperbacks. SSRN.

Mesbahi, Mohiaddin. 1997. ‘Tajikistan, Iran, and the international politics of the 'Islamic factor'’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 16, No. 2.

Mesbahi, Mohiaddin. 1995. ‘Iran and Tajikistan’, in A.Z. Rubinstein and O.M. Smolansky (eds.), Regional Power Rivalries in the New Eurasia. New York: Sharpe.

Mohanty, Girija Prasad. 2009. ‘A Historical Account of Indo-Tajik Relations.’ SSRN.

Neumann, Iver B. and Sergei Solodovnik. 1996. ‘The Case of Tajikistan’, in Peacekeeping and the Role of Russia in Eurasia, edited by Lena Jonson and C. Archer. Boulder: Westview Press.

Nichol, Jim. 2012. ‘Tajikistan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests’, CRS Report for Congress. PDF.

Normark, P. 2000. ‘Russian peacekeeping strategies in the CIS: The Cases of Moldova, Georgia and Tajikistan’, Millennium-Journal of International Studies, Vol. 29, No. 2.

Nourzhanov, Kirill. 2012. ‘Omnibalancing in Tajikistan's Foreign Policy: Security-Driven Discourses of Alignment with Iran’, Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, Vol. 14, No. 3.

Olimova, Saodat. 2009. ‘The Multifaceted Chinese Presence in Tajikistan’, The China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, Vol. 7, No. 1. PDF

Olimova, Saodat et al. 2006. ‘Regional Cooperation in Central Asia: A View from Tajikistan’, Problems of Economic Transition, Vol. 48, Issue 9.

Olimova, Saodat. 2000. ‘Tajikistan-Russia: From divorce to integration’, Central Asia and the Caucasus, No. 3.

Orr, M. J. 2001. ‘The Russian Garrison in Tajikistan: 201st Gatchina Twice Red Banner Motor Rifle Division’, Conflict Studies Research Centre, Occasional Brief No. 85. PDF

Orr, Michael. 1997. ‘The Russian Army and the War in Tajikistan’, in Tajikistan: The Trials of Independence, edited by Mohammad-Reza Djalili, Frederic Grare and Shirin Akiner. New York: St. Martin's Press.

Peyrouse, Sébastien. 2011. ‘Tajikistan’s New Trade: Cross-border Commerce and the China-Afghanistan Link’, PONARS Eurasia Policy Memo No. 169. PDF. 36

Poujol, Catherine. 1997. ‘Some Reflections on Russian Involvement in the Tajik Conflict, 1992 -1993’, in Tajikistan: The Trials of Independence, edited by Mohammad-Reza Djalili, Frederic Grare and Shirin Akiner. New York: St. Martin's Press.

Roy, Olivier. 1999. The foreign policy of the Central Asian Islamic Renaissance Party. Muslim Politics Project. New York: Council on Foreign Relations.

Santhanam, K., and Ramakant Dwivedi. 2007. India-Tajikistan Cooperation: Perspectives and Prospects. New Delhi: India-Central Asia Foundation.

Schatz, Edward and Levine, Renan. 2009. ‘Framing, Diplomacy and Anti- Americanism in Central Asia’, APSA 2009 Toronto Meeting Paper. SSRN.

Shepherd, Monika S. 1996. ‘The effects of Russian and Uzbek intervention in the Tajik Civil War’, The Soviet and post-Soviet Review, Vol. 23, No. 3.

Singh, Mahavir. 2003. India and Tajikistan: Revitalising a Traditional Relationship. New Delhi: Anamika.

Smith Serrano, Andres. 2003. ‘CIS peacekeeping in Tajikistan’, in Regional Peacekeepers: The Paradox of Russian Peacekeeping, edited by John Mackinlay and Peter Cross. New York: United Nations University Press.

Stein, Matthew. 2012. ‘Conflict over Water Related Resources in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan and Its Impact on Local Security’, Foreign Militaries Studies Office. PDF.

Suyarkulova, Mohira. 2011. Becoming sovereign in post-Soviet Central Asia: 'discursive encounters' between Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. PhD Dissertation, University of St Andrews.

Valencia, Ruben. 2012. ‘The Road to Perdition: Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and the NDN’, Evans School Review, Vol. 2, No. 1. PDF.

Warikoo, K. 1995. ‘Cockpit of Central Asia: Afghanistan Factor in Tajikistan's Crisis’, in Central Asia: Emerging New Order, edited by K. Warikoo. Delhi: Har- anand Publications.

Zaheri, Mahnaz. 2012. ‘Review the reflection of the cultural realities of Tajikistan in Iranian press’, Journal of American Science, Vol. 8, No. 6.

7. Society and Governance

Abbas, Najam. 2009. ‘Trounced Talent: Tajikistan's Youth Troubled by Transition’, World Leisure Journal, Vol. 51, No. 2.

Abdulloev, Ilhom et al. 2011. ‘Migration as a substitute for informal activities: Evidence from Tajikistan, Discussion Paper series, Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit, No. 6236. PDF.

Akiner, Shirin. 2004. ‘Prospects for Civil Society in Tajikistan’, in Civil Society in the Muslim World: Contemporary Perspectives, edited by Amyn B. Sajoo. London: I.B. Tauris.

Alturki, Fahad M. and Vtyurina, Svetlana. 2010. ‘Inflation in Tajikistan: Forecasting Analysis and Monetary Policy Challenges’, IMF Working Papers. Available at SSRN.

Anderson, John E. 2009. ‘Assessing Measures of Fiscal Sustainability for Tajikistan.’ SSRN.

Babajanian, Babken V. 2006. ‘The social exclusion framework and poverty reduction strategy in Tajikistan’, Central Asian Survey, Volume 25, Issue 4.

Bennett, Rachel et al. 2013. ‘Household Members' Migration and the Education of Children ‘Left Behind’: Empirical Findings from Tajikistan and Reflections for Research Practice’, Population, Space and Place, Vol. 19, Issue 1.

Betti, Gianni & Lars Lundgren. 2012. ‘The impact of remittances and equivalence scales on poverty in Tajikistan’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 31, No. 4.

Bichsel, Christine. 2005. ‘In search of harmony: repairing infrastructure and social relations in the Ferghana Valley’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 24, No. 1.

Bliss, Frank. 2006. Social and economic change in the Pamirs (Gorno- Badakhshan, Tajikistan). London: Routledge.

Brownbridge, Martin and Canagarajah, Sudharshan. 2008. ‘Fiscal Policy for Growth and Development in Tajikistan’, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series. SSRN.

Buckley, Cynthia & Erin Trouth Hofmann. 2012. ‘Are Remittances an Effective Mechanism for Development? Evidence from Tajikistan’, The Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 48, Issue 8.

Chapman, Gregory. 2011. ‘Poverty in Central Asia: Kazakhstan versus Tajikistan’, Global Majority e-Journal, Vol. 2, No 1. PDF.

Chiovenda, Melissa Kerr. 2013. ‘Tajik Labour Migration to Russia: Tajik Responses to Migrant Vulnerability and Russian State Policies’, The Eurasia Studies Society Journal, Vo.2(1). PDF.

Clément, M. 2011. ‘Remittances and Household Expenditure Patterns in Tajikistan: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis’, Asian Development Review, Vol. 28, No. 2.

Dabalen, Andrew and Wane, Waly. 2008. ‘Informal Payments and Moonlighting in Tajikistan's Health Sector’, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series. Available at SSRN.

Djabarova, Zamira. 2012. ‘Together on the move: organizing among Tajik migrants in Russia for protection of their rights’, IREX Research Brief. PDF.

Drought, Beverley L. 2000. Resettlement in the Russian Federation: A case study of refugees and forced migrants from Tadzhikistan. PhD Dissertation, University of Wales, Swansea.

Falkingham, J. et al. 2010. ‘Left behind in transition? The well-being of older people in Tajikistan’, in Reinventing Retirement: Reshaping Health and Financial Security for the EU27 and Eastern Europe, edited by J. Collett et al. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.

Falkingham, Jane. 2000. ‘A Profile of Poverty in Tajikistan’, LSE STICERD Research Paper No. CASE039. Available at SSRN.

Foroughi, Payam. 2011. ‘Tajikistan’ Nations in Transit. Freedom House. PDF.

Foroughi, Payam. 2002. ‘Tajikistan: Nationalism, Ethnicity, Conflict, and Socio- economic Disparities’, Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, Vol. 22, No. 1.

Foroughi, Payam. 1999. ‘1998 Socio-Economic Survey of Households, Farms and Bazaars in Tajikistan’, Save the Children Federation.

Fumagalli, Matteo. 2007. ‘Framing ethnic minority mobilisation in Central Asia: The cases of the Uzbeks in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan’, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 59 (4).

Fumagalli, Matteo. 2005. The Dynamics of Uzbek Ethno-political Mobilization in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan: 1991-2003. PhD dissertation. University of Edinburgh.

Ganguli, Ina. 2009. ‘Tajik labor migration to Russia: is Tajikistan at a crossroads?’, IREX Research Brief. PDF.

Grezov, Ravshan. 2008. Development Programs for poverty alleviation: Comparative study of microfinance program in two areas of Tajikistan. MA, Ohio University. PDF

Haarr, Robin. 2005. ‘Violence and exploitation of children in Tajikistan’, Central Asian Survey, Volume 24, Issue 2.

Hamel, Reid. 2010. ‘[Migration in Tajikistan]’, Final Report American Councils Combined Research and Language Training Program. PDF.

Harris, Colette. 2006. Muslim Youth: Tensions and Transitions in Tajikistan. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Hierman, Brent. 2010. ‘What use was the election to us? Clientelism and political trust amongst ethnic Uzbeks in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan’, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 38(2).

IFES. 2004. ‘Public Opinion in Tajikistan: Findings from a Survey’, IFES. PDF

Ilolov, Mamadsho and Mirodasen Khudoiyev. 2001. ‘Local Government in Tajikistan’, in Developing New Rules in the Old Environment, edited by Igor Munteanu and Victor Popa. Budapest: Open Society Institute. PDF

Imomov, Ashurboi. 2002. ‘Forming a civil society in Tajikistan: Problems and arguments’, Central Asia and the Caucasus, No. 3 (15).

International Crisis Group. 2009. ‘Tajikistan: On the Road to Failure’, ICG Asia Report, No. 162. Online

International Crisis Group. 2004. ‘Tajikistan’s Politics: Confrontation or Consolidation?’, Asia Briefing No. 33. Online

International Crisis Group. 2003. ‘Tajikistan: A Roadmap for Development’, Asia Report No. 51. Online

Iwasaki, Ichiro. 2002. ‘Observations on Economic Reform in Tajikistan: Legislative and Institutional Framework’, Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 43, No. 6.

Jahani, Mirza. 2009. Grassroots organisation sustainability in Tajikistan. PhD Dissertation, University of Cambridge.

Justino, Patricia and Olga Shemyakina. 2012. ‘Remittances and Labour Supply in Post-Conflict Tajikistan’, Institute of Development Studies, Working Paper, Vol. 2012 No. 388. PDF.

Justino, Patricia and Olga N. Shemyakina. 2010. ‘Remittances and Labor Supply in Post-Conflict Tajikistan’, MICROCON Working Paper, No. 35. PDF. 40

Karimov, Shamsiddin. 2006. ‘Dialectics of the Emergence of a Civil Society and State Support of NGOs in Tajikistan’, Central Asia and the Caucasus, No. 4, No.40. PDF

Kataeva, Azizakhon. 2011. Reforming the Merits: Meritocratic Recruitment and its Effect on Corruption, Case Study of Tajikistan. Master’s Thesis, University of Gothenburg. PDF.

Kelly, Charles. 2009. ‘Field note from Tajikistan: Compound disaster - A new humanitarian challenge?’, Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, Vol. 2, No.3. PDF.

Kireyev, Alexei. 2006. ‘The Macroeconomics of Remittances: The Case of Tajikistan’, IMF Working Paper No. 06/2. PDF

Kumo, Kazuhiro. 2012. ‘Tajik labour migrants and their remittances: is Tajik migration pro-poor?’, Post-Communist Economies, Vol. 24, No. 1.

Latypov, Alisher. 2010. ‘Healers and Psychiatrists: The Transformation of Mental Health Care in Tajikistan’, Transcultural Psychiatry, Vol. 47, No. 3.

Latypov, Alisher. 2008. ‘Two Decades of HIV/AIDS in Tajikistan: Reversing the Tide or the Coming of Age Paradigm?’, China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, Vol. 6, No. 3. PDF

Linn, Johannes F. 2012 ‘Scaling up development interventions: A review of UNDP’s country program in Tajikistan’, Brookings Institute, Global Economy & Development Working Paper, No. 50. PDF.

Marat, Erica. 2006. ‘The State-Crime Nexus in Central Asia: State Weakness, Organized Crime, and Corruption in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan’, Silk Road Paper, October. PDF

Martin, Jay. 2004. ‘Can Magic Bullets Hurt You? NGOs and governance in a globalised social welfare world: A Case Study of Tajikistan’, Australian National University Graduate Program in Public Policy, Discussion Paper No. 92. PDF

Media Sustainability Index 2012. ‘Tajikistan.’ PDF.

McInnes, Alison. 2012. ‘Why should they listen to me? Developing social work education and social work in Tajikistan’, International Social Work, June 2012.

Mirzoev, Tolib. 2010. Assessment of capacity of the Ministry of Health to conduct health policy processes in the Republic of Tajikistan. PhD Dissertation, University of Leeds. PDF.

Mughal, Abdul-Ghaffar. 2007. ‘Migration, Remittances, and Living Standards in Tajikistan: A Report Based on Khatlon Remittances and Living Standards Measurement Survey’, International Organization for Migration. PDF

Naemi, Ali. 2002. The interplay between the performance of the manufacturing sector and the success of transition to a market economy: a case study of Tajikistan. PhD dissertation, University of Guelph.

Nekbakhtshoev, Navruz R. 2006. Clan Politics: Explaining the Persistence of Subethnic Divisions in Tajikistan: Comparative Approach. MA, Duquesne University.

Niyazi, Aziz. 2000. ‘Migration, Demography and Socio-Ecological Processes in Tajikistan’, JCAS Symposium Series, No. 9.

Nourzhanov, Kirill. 1996. ‘Alternative Social Institutions and the Politics of Neo- Patrimonialism in Tajikistan’, Russian and Euro-Asian Bulletin, (August). Online

Ojala, Lauri, Alex Kitain and Bernard Touboul. 2004. ‘Tajikistan Trade Diagnostic Study: Transportation and Trade Facilitation’, World Bank. PDF

Olcott, Martha Brill. 2012. Tajikistan’s difficult development path. Washington: Carnegie Endowment.

Olimov, Jafar. 2007. ‘Informal economy in Tajikistan’, United Nations Development Programme, National Human Development Report. PDF

Olimova, Saodat and Muzaffar Olimov. 2007. ‘Labor Migration from Mountainous Areas in the Central Asian Region: Good or Evil?’, Mountain Research and Development, Vol. 27(2)

Olimova, Saodat and Muzaffar Olimov. 1996. ‘Regionalism in Tajikistan: Its Impact on the Ferghana Valley’, Perspectives on Central Asia, Vol. 1, No. 3.

Olimova, Saodat. 2004. ‘Opposition in Tajikistan: Pro et Contra’, in Yaacov Ro’i (ed.) Democracy and Pluralism in Muslim Eurasia. London/New York: Frank Cass.

Olimova, Saodat. 2004. ‘Regionalism and its perception by major political and social powers of Tajikistan’, in Tajikistan at a Crossroad: The Politics of Decentralization, edited by Luigi Di Martino. Geneva: Cimera Publications.

Olimova, Soadat and Igor Bosc. 2003. ‘Labor Migration in Tajikistan’, IOM. PDF 42

Olimova Saodat et al. 2005. ‘Regional cooperation for development of human capacity and human security in the region of Central Asia: Country Report on Tajikistan’, Scientific and Research Centre “SHARQ”, Dushanbe.

Pomfret, Richard W. T. 2006. The Economies of Central Asia. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Ranjbar, Azita. 2012. ‘Informal Justice in Tajikistan’, Eurasia Foundation. PDF.

Repkine, Alexandre. 2003. ‘Tajikistan Growth Performance.’ Available at SSRN.

Robinson, Sarah and Guenther, Tanya. 2007. ‘Rural Livelihoods in Three Mountainous Regions of Tajikistan’, Post-Communist Economies, Vol. 19, No. 3.

Roseman, Gary. 2008. ‘Economics/Statistics on the Black Market in Tajikistan’, IREX Research Brief. PDF.

Rowe, Jr., William Campbell. 2002. On the Edge of Empires: The Hisor Valley of Tajikistan. PhD dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin.

Rowland, Richard H. 2005. ‘National and Regional Population Trends in Tajikistan: Results from the Recent Census’, Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 46(3).

Roy, Olivier. 1999. ‘Kolkhoz and Civil Society in the Independent States of Central Asia’, in Civil Society in Central Asia, edited by H. Ruffin and D. Waugh. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

Schoeberlein, John. 2002. ‘Bones of Contention: Conflicts over Resources’, in Searching for Peace in Central and South Asia, edited by Mekenkamp, van Tongeren, and van de Veen. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.

Sharifov, Mehmonsho. 2007. ‘The Self Between Political Chaos and The New Political “Order” in Tajikistan’, Transcultural Studies, 2-3.

Sharipov, S. I. et al. 2006. ‘Report on Corruption in the Republic of Tajikistan (A Public Opinion Survey)’, Dushanbe: Strategic Research Centre/UNDP.

Spånning, Anna C. 2009. Towards Institutional Stabilization and Development? A Study of Inter-Organizational Cooperation in the Tajik Cotton Industry. PhD dissertation, Karlstad University.

Tadjbakhsh, Shahrbanou. 1996. ‘Economic Regionalism In Tajikistan’, The Royal Institution of International Affairs.

Tunçer-Kılavuz, İdil. 2009. ‘Political and social networks in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan: 'clan', region and beyond’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 28, No. 3.

Turaeva, Madina. 2012. ‘Lessons from the crises: Economic Policy Mistakes in Tajikistan’, NUPI. PDF.

Turner, R. 1993. ‘Tajiks Have the Highest Fertility Rates in Newly Independent Central Asia’, Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 25, No. 3.

Umarov, Khojamakhmad. 1998. ‘The Demographic Boom and its Impact on the Mountain Regions of Tajikistan’, in Sustainable Development in Central Asia, edited by Shirin Akiner, Sander Tideman and Jon Hay. Richmond: Curzon.

Vasilenko, Olga. 1995. ‘Transition in Tajikistan: Impact on the Construction Materials Industry’, Comparative Economic Studies, Vol. 37, Issue 3, pp. 11- 26. Available at SSRN.

Wagner, S. 1997. ‘Public Opinion in Tajikistan’, Voices of the Electorate Series. PDF.

Yusufbekov, Yusuff, Rustam Babajanov and Natalya Kuntuvdiy. 2007. ‘Civil Society Development in Tajikistan’, AKDN 2007. PDF.

Zaripova, Nigina. 2000. ‘Policy Paper on Freedom of Expression in Tajikistan’, Central European University Center for Policy Studies. PDF.

Zaripova, Nargina. 2000. ‘Policy Paper on Freedom of Expression in Tajikistan’, CPS International Policy Fellowship Program. PDF

Zavrabyan, Naira. 2006. ‘Bicameralism and Democracy in the Republic of Tajikistan’, CEI Working Paper No. 15. PDF

Zharkevich, Ina. 2010. ‘The Role of Civil Society in Promoting Political Accountability in Fragile States: the case of Tajikistan’, INTRAC. PDF.

8. Gender

Akhmedova, F. 1998. ‘Women’s Place in Tajik Society’, Central Asia Monitor, Vol. 8, No. 6.

Avzalchoeva, Zouhal. 2012. ‘Nobody Beats An Obedient Woman’: State and Non- State Responses to Violence Against Women In Tajikistan. PhD Dissertation, University of Sussex. PDF.

CEELI. 2005. ‘Analysis of the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan on State Guarantees of Equal rights for Men and Women and Equal Opportunities in the Exercise of Such Rights’, Central European and Eurasian Law Initiative. PDF.

Clifford, David Michael. 2009. Marriage and fertility change in post-Soviet Tajikistan. PhD Dissertation, University of Southampton. PDF.

Falkingham, Jane and Baschieri, Angela. 2005. ‘Gender and poverty: how we can be misled by the unitary model of household resources – the case of Tajikistan’, Southampton Statistical Sciences Research Institute. PDF

Falkingham, Jane. 2000. ‘Women and Gender Relations in Tajikistan’, ADB/UN Country Briefing Paper. PDF

Haarr, Robin N. 2010. ‘Suicidality Among Battered Women in Tajikistan’, Violence Against Women, Vol. 16, No. 7.

Haarr, Robin N. 2007. ‘Wife Abuse in Tajikistan’, Feminist Criminology, Vol. 2, No. 3.

Harris, Colette. 2004. Control and Subversion: Gender Relations in Tajikistan. Sterling, VA: Pluto Press.

Hinz, Sonja. 2009. Dance, Mysticism and Sensuality: Perspectives from Tajikistan. MA Thesis, University of Hawaii. PDF.

Hohmann, Sophie, Sophie Roche, Michel Garenne. 2010. ‘The changing sex ratios at birth during the civil war in Tajikistan: 1992–1997’, J. Biosoc. Sci., Vol. 42.

Hough, Leslie. 2009. ‘Tajikistan's competing social and political forces: the politics of traditional versus western women's dress’, IREX Research. PDF.

IOM. 2001. ‘Deceived Migrants from Tajikistan: A Study of Trafficking in Women and Children’, Capacity Building in Migration Management Programme. PDF.

Kasymova, Sofia R. 2010. ‘Labour Market Globalization and Status of Women in Post-Soviet Tajikistan’, in Globalization and Eurasia. New Delhi: KW Publishers.

Kasymova, Sofia R. 2003. ‘Women and men in Changing World, or Comparative analysis of gender role Transformations in Contemporary Tajik Society’, in Men in the Global World: Integrating Post socialist Perspectives. Helsinki.

Kuvatova, Alla. 2000. ‘Gender Issues in Tajikistan: Consequences and Impact of the Civil War.’ PDF.

Latypov, Alisher. 2009. ‘Revisiting Female Suicide in Muslim Tajikistan: Religious, Cultural, and Public Health Perspectives’, China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, Vol. 7, No. 3. PDF

OSCE. 2012. ‘Social and Economic Inclusion of Women from Migrant Households in Tajikistan’, OSCE/ODIHR. PDF.

Pena, Anita Alves. 2012. ‘Economies of scale and gender discrimination in transition: the case of the Republic of Tajikistan’, Applied Economics, Vol. 44, Issue 18.

Roche, Sophie. 2012. ‘Gender in Narrative Memory: The Example of Civil War Narratives in Tajikistan’, Ab Imperio, 3.

Sharipova, Muborak. 2013. ‘Domestic violence: Tajikistan’, Encyclopedia of Women & Islamic Cultures. Brill Online. Link.

Sharipova, Muborak and Katalin Fabiá ́n. 2010. ‘From Soviet liberation to post- Soviet segregation: women and violence in Tajikistan’, in Domestic Violence in Post Communist States: Local Activism, National Policies, and Global Forces, edited by Katalin Fabiá n.́ Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Sharipova, Muborak. 2008. ‘One more War Against Women in Tajikistan’, in Gender Politics in Central Asia: Historical Perspectives and Current Living Conditions of Women, edited by Christa Hämmerle et al. L’HOMME Schriften, 18. Köln: Böhlau.

Sharipova, Muborak and Shahrbanou Tadjbakhsh. 1998. ‘Babel: Widows of Tajikistan’, Index on Censorship, Vol. 27, No. 2.

Shemyakina, Olga N. 2007. Armed conflict, education and the marriage market: Evidence from Tajikistan. PhD dissertation, University of Southern California.

Shemyakina, Olga. 2009. ‘The Marriage Market and Tajik Armed Conflict’, Households in Conflict Network Working Paper 66. PDF

Simpson, Meghan. 2006. ‘Local strategies in globalizing gender politics: Women's organizing in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan’, Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 26(1).

Tadjbakhsh, Shahrbanou. 1998. ‘Between Lenin and Allah: Women and Ideology in Tajikistan’, in Women in Muslim Societies: Diversity Within Unity, edited by Herbert L. Bodman and Nayereh Esfahlani Tohidi. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.

Tadjbakhsh, Shahrbanou. 1994. ‘Women and War in Tajikistan’, Central Asia Monitor, No. 1.

Tadjbakhsh, Shahrbanou. 1994. The a-Soviet woman of the Muslim east and nativization in Tajikistan, 1989-1992. PhD dissertation, Columbia University.

Tett, Gillian. 1996. Ambiguous Alliances: Marriage and Identity in a Muslim Village in Soviet Tajikistan. PhD dissertation, University of Cambridge.

Tett, Gillian. 1994. “‘Guardians of the Faith’?: Gender and Religion in an (ex) Soviet Tajik Village,” in Muslim Women’s Choices: Religious Belief and Social Reality, edited by Camillia Fawzi El-Solh and Judy Mabro. Oxford.

Thomas, Helen, et al. 2006. ‘Tajikistan: Country Gender Assessment’, Asian Development Bank. PDF.

9. Education

Bahry, Stephen. 2005. ‘Travelling Policy and Local Spaces in the Republic of Tajikistan: a comparison of the attitudes of Tajikistan and the World Bank towards textbook provision’, European Educational Research Journal, Vol. 4, No. 1.

Baschieri, Angela and Jane Falkingham. 2009. ‘Staying in School: Assessing the Role of Access, Availability, and Economic Opportunities – the Case of Tajikistan’, Population, Space and Place, Vol. 15.

Nagzibekova, Mehrinisso. 2008. ‘Language and Education Policies in Tajikistan ’, International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, Vol. 11, Issue 3&4.

Niyozov, Sarfaroz and Duishon Shamatov. 2010. ‘Teachers Surviving to Teach: Implications for Post-Soviet Education and Society in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan’, Globalisation, Comparative Education and Policy Research, Vol. 11, No. 2.

Niyozov, Safaroz. 2006. ‘Challenges to education in Tajikistan: The Need for Research-based Solutions’, in Education Reform in Societies in Transition: International Perspectives, edited by J. Earnest and D. Treagust. Sense Publishers.

Niyozov, Sarfaroz. 2001. Understanding teaching in post-Soviet, rural, mountainous Tajikistan: Case studies of teachers' life and work. PhD diss., University of Toronto.

Niyozov, Safaroz. 2000. ‘The Effects of the Collapse of the USSR on teacher’s Lives and Work in Tajikistan’, in The Challenges of Education in Central Asia, edited by Stephen P Heyneman and Alan J DeYoung. Information Age Publishing.

Nurmatova, Ozoda & Gulbahor Jumaboeva. 2012. ‘Cultural Barriers and Young Females‘ Rights to Education in Rural Community of Tajikistan’, NAM Year Book on Human Rights and Cultural diversity: Cultures in Support of Humanity, Vol. 1, edited by Kamran Hashemi and Linda Briskman. Tehran: The Non-aligned Movement. PDF.

Rahmonova, Tojiniso. 2009. Literacy in Tajikistan. MA, California State University. PDF

Shemyakina, Olga N. 2011. ‘Labour Market, Education and Armed Conflict in Tajikistan’, Households in Conflict Network Working Paper 106. PDF.

Shemyakina, Olga N. 2007. ‘The Effect of Armed Conflict on Accumulation of Schooling: Results from Tajikistan’, School of Economics, Georgia Institute of Technology. PDF.

Shorish, M Mobin. 1972. Education in the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, 1917- 1967. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago.

Shozimov, Pulat. 2005. ‘Social Science Research Isolation and Tajikistan’, SAIS Review, Vol. 25, No. 2.

Whitsel, Christopher M. 2009. ‘Family resources, Sitting at Home and Democratic Choice: Investigating Determinants of Educational Attainment in Post-Soviet Tajikistan’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 28, No. 1.

Whitsel, Christopher M. 2009. Growing inequality: Post-Soviet transition and educational participation in Tajikistan. PhD dissertation, Indiana University.

Aini, K.S and Y. S. Maltsev. 1988. ‘Oriental studies in Tajikistan’, Iranian Studies, Volume 21, Issue 1&2.

10. Narcotics

De Danieli, Filippo. 2011. ‘Counter-narcotics policies in Tajikistan and their impact on state building’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 30, No. 1.

De Danieli, Filippo. 2010. Silk Road Mafias: The political economy of drugs and state-building in post-Soviet Tajikistan. PhD Dissertation, SOAS/London.

Demirbüken, Hakan et al. 2012. ‘Opiate flows through Northern Afghanistan and Central Asia: A Threat Assessment’, UNODC. PDF.

Engvall, Johan. 2006. ‘The state under Siege: The drug trade and organised crime in Tajikistan’, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 58, No. 6.

Engwall, Johan. 2005. ‘Stability and security in Tajikistan: drug trafficking as a threat to national security’, Department of East European Studies, Uppsala University. Working Papers, No. 86.

Huynh, Yoomie. 2012. ‘Implications of a weak border: the link between the drug economy in Afghanistan and human trafficking across the Tajik-Afghan border in a post-Soviet Tajikistan’, IREX Regional Policy Symposium. PDF.

Latypov, Alisher. 2012. ‘Drug dealers, drug lords and drug warriors-cum- traffickers: Drug crime and the narcotics market in Tajikistan’, Eurasian Harm Reduction Network. PDF.

Latypov, A. 2011. ‘Drug dealers, drug lords and drug warriors-cum-traffickers: Drug crime and the narcotics market in Tajikistan’, in Central Asian Drug Policy Center, Kyrgyzstan through the prism of drug economy. Bishkek: Public Foundation “Central Asian Drug Policy Center.”

Latypov, Alisher. 2011. The administration of addiction: The politics of medicine and opiate use in Soviet Tajikistan, 1924-1958. PhD Dissertation, University College London.

Marat, Erica. 2006. ‘Impact of Drug Trade and Organized Crime on State Functioning in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan’, China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, Vol. 4, No. 1. PDF

McDermott, Roger. 2003. ‘Border Security in Tajikistan: Countering the Narcotics Trade?’, Central Asia and the Caucasus, No. 1 (19).

McDermott, Roger N. 2002. ‘Border security in Tajikistan Countering the narcotics trade?’, Conflict Studies Research Centre. PDF

Mohanty, Girija Prasad. 2010. ‘Tajikistan: A Transit Hub of Drugs Smuggling.’ SSRN.

Paoli, Letizia et al. 2007. ‘Tajikistan: The rise of a narco-state’, Journal of Drug Issues, Vol. 37, Issue 4.

Townsend, Jacob. 2006. ‘The Logistics of Opiate Trafficking in Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan’, China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, Vol. 4, No. 1.

11. Agriculture and Environment

Autenrieth, Gian. 2011. Stakeholders’ participation in development strategy planning. Assessing a multi-stakeholder forum of a development strategy formulation process. Diploma Thesis, Department of Geography, University of Zurich. PDF.

Bichsel, Christine. 2009. Conflict Transformation in Central Asia: Irrigation disputes in the Ferghana Valley. New York: Routledge.

Boboyorov, Hafiz. 2012. ‘Personal Networks of Agricultural Knowledge in the Cotton-Growing Communities of Southern Tajikistan’, Demokratizatsiya, Vol. 20(4).

Bühlmann, E. et al. 2010. ‘Geographic information system–based decision support for soil conservation planning in Tajikistan’, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, Vol. 65 (3). PDF.

Bühlmann, Erik. 2006. Assessing soil erosion and conservation in the loess area of Faizabad, Western Tajikistan. Thesis, University of Bern. PDF.

Caccavale, Oscar Maria. 2005. ‘Land Reform in Tajikistan: Economic Effects on Private Farms.’ Available at SSRN.

Cunha, Stephen Farrell. The applicability of the biosphere reserve model to the Pamir Mountains, Tajikistan. PhD dissertation, University of California, Davis, 1994.

Duncan, Jennifer. 2000. ‘Agricultural Land Reform and Farm Reorganization in Tajikistan’, Rural Development Institute Reports on Foreign Aid and Development, Report No 106. PDF.

Eggenberger, Simon. 2011. Effects of Labour Migration on Rural Livelihoods in Tajikistan. With a special regard on the interlinkages to agricultural land use. Diploma Thesis, Department of Geography, University of Zurich. PDF.

Goibov, Manuchehr et al. 2012. ‘Application of a Choice Experiment to Estimate Farmers Preferences for Different Land Use Options in Northern Tajikistan’, Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol. 5, No. 5.

Guntli, David. 2006. Classification of land cover and land use - An object- oriented approach in Western Tajikistan. Thesis, University of Zurich. PDF.

Kassam, Shinan. 2011. One explanation for why farmers produce cotton collectively in post-Soviet Tajikistan. Doctoral dissertation, The University of British Columbia.

Nazarmavloev, Farrukh. 2011. Evaluation of EO-1 Hyperion Hyperspectral Data for Soil Organic Carbon assessment. MSc, University of Central Asia. PDF.

Niyazi, Aziz. 2003. ‘Tajikistan: Its hydropower resources and the problems of their use’, Central Asia and the Caucasus, No. 4 (22).

Normatov, I. 2005. ‘Regional Experiences in Solving of Water Resources Problems in Tajikistan’, in Transboundary Water Resources: Strategies for Regional Security and Ecological Stability, edited by Hartmut Vogtmann and Nikolai Dobretsov. Springer.

Patnaik, Ajay. 1995. ‘Agriculture and Rural Out-migration in Central Asia, 1960-91’, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 47, No.1.

Reinhard, Marcel. 2011. Mapping of land cover and land use systems, assessment of the prevailing land use systems in respect to sustainability and creation of a monitoring tool in the Tajik Pamirs. ETH/WSL/PALM. PDF.

Rowe, William C. 2010. ‘Agrarian adaptations in Tajikistan: land reform, water and law’, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 29. No. 2.

Sehring, Jenniver. 2007. The Politics of Water Institutional Reform in Neo- patrimonial States: A comparative analysis of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. PhD, University of Hagen. Link

Sehring, Jenniver. 2009. The politics of water institutional reform in neopatrimonial states a comparative analysis of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Wiesbaden: VS, Verlag fur̈ Sozialwissenschaften.

Seiler, Bruno. 2006. Quantitative Assessment of Soil Parameters in Western Tajikistan using a Soil Spectral Library Approach. Diploma Thesis, Remote Sensing Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of Zurich. PDF.

Seiler B, Kneubühler M, Wolfgramm B and Itten KI. 2007. ‘Quantitative Assessment of Soil Parameters in Western Tajikistan using a Soil Spectral Library Approach’, 10th Intl. Symposium on Physical Measurements and Spectral Signatures in Remote Sensing (eds M.E. Schaepman, et al), Intl. 52

Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol. XXXVI. DPDF.

Shokirov, Qobiljon. 2011. Comparative study of two different soil conservation practices from the vineyard mulching treatment in Faizabad region of Tajikistan. Antioch University New England. PDF.

Spoor, Max. 2007. ‘Ten Propositions on Rural Poverty and Agrarian Transition in Central Eurasia’, IBEI Working Paper No. 2007/10. Available at SSRN.

Strahm, Anja. 2011. GIS and remote sensing contributing to the understanding of the land cover changes and the governing geomorphological processes in Ghesh and Faizabad catchments in Muminabad district, Tajikistan. CDE/Caritas. PDF.

Tobler, Michael. 2011. Assessment of the impact of dominant land-use systems on soil organic content in the Tajik Pamirs on the basis of a soil spectral library. MSc, ETH/WSL/PALM project. Download PDF.

Winnig, Anke. 2005. Socio-Economic Factors for Land Use Changes in the Hill Zone of Western Tajikistan. Diploma Thesis, Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms- Universität Bonn. Link.

Wirz, Christian. 2009. Assessing impacts of different grassland systems on land degradation and conservation in Faizabad (Tajikistan). MSc, Centre of Development and Environment, University of Bern. PDF.

Wolfgramm, Bettina. 2007. Land Use, Soil Degradation and Soil Conservation in the Loess Hills of Central Tajikistan. PhD, University of Bern. PDF.

Wolfgramm B. 2010. ‘NCCR North-South Research Project RP11 ‘Land resource potential and climate change’: Collaboration with Joint Division’, Soils Newsletter, Vol. 33, No. 1. PDF.