The Roots and Genesis of Pan - Turkism and Ethnic Conflict – an Overview
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Tajik Ethnicity in Historical Perspective
Tajik Ethnicity in Historical Perspective Dedicated to the memory of Dr. Muhammad Asemi by Iraj Bashiri Copyright 1998 Introduction 1 The present study is part of an ongoing project on aspects of Tajik identity. It views Tajik ethnicity diachronically as well as synchronically. As part of its diachronic 1 This paper was delivered for the first time at the conference on Society, Language, and Culture in Post- Communist Russia, the Other Former Republics of the Soviet Union, and Eastern Europe, Texas Tech University, April 1998. exploration, it examines the Central Asian documents of the time, notably Hudud al- 'Alam. It also examines Ibn Howqal's Surat al-Arz, Clavijo's account of his journey to Samarqand, and the reports of early Russian explorers detailing the involvement of the Turks in the region before the advent of the Soviets. The synchronic exploration deals with the dynamics of assimilation evidenced in the diachronic analysis. Using the data provided by the Soviet Tajik Encyclopedia regarding territorial divisions, ethnic mix, and population numbers for more than one thousand villages, it hypothesizes that many Tajik villages in the Kuhistan are in a transitional stage. From the data, it seems that on their way to become Uzbek villages, Tajik villages pass through three stages: primarily Tajik, Tajik-Uzbek, and primarily Uzbek. It is important to note at the very start, that this study is in no way conclusive. As far as the diachronic aspect of the study is concerned, there is a wealth of materials in Persian and Turkish languages that awaits examination. Regarding the synchronic aspect, too, a comparison between early 20th century Russian reports and the 1980's census is not sufficient. -
Kay 492 Turkish Administrative History Week 5: Seljuk Empire + Emergence of Turks in World History Ortaylı, Pp
Kay 492 Turkish Administrative History Week 5: Seljuk Empire + Emergence of Turks in World History Ortaylı, pp. 97-110 Emergence of Turks in History • Pre-Islamic Turkish tribes were influential • in Central Asia and Maveraünnehir (between Amudarya/ Seyhun and Syrderya/Ceyhun rivers), Caucasus, near Volga river and Near East • The Turks began to accept Islam from the 10th century and became an important force in the history of the Middle East • The mission of "being the sword of Islam" The Islamic World before the Seljuks • At the end of the 9th Century, Muslims dominated the Mediterranean • By the same time, the Eastern Roman Empire had (re)strengthened and entered an era of conquest • In Sicily, a cultural environment was created where Islam and Eastern Rome civilizations have merged • Islamic conquests came to a halt in the 10th Century, and a period of disintegration began with the Abbasids • Both the Andalusia (Umayyad Caliphate) and local dynasties in North Africa, Syria & Egypt have proclaimed independence • In 945 the Shiite Buveyhis became the protectors of the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad The Islamic World before the Seljuks • Recovery in the Christian world • The Eastern Roman Empire has gained strength again in the 10th Century • Conquests in Crete, Cyprus and Syria • Normans took southern Italy and Sicily from the Arabs • The Crusaders went to Jerusalem and Palestine • Jerusalem fell in 1099 • Christian conquests in Andalusia • The spread of the Islamic religion has stopped • Christianity spread among the pagan peoples of Northern -
The University of Chicago Old Elites Under Communism: Soviet Rule in Leninobod a Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Di
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO OLD ELITES UNDER COMMUNISM: SOVIET RULE IN LENINOBOD A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY FLORA J. ROBERTS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS JUNE 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures .................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ vi A Note on Transliteration .................................................................................................. ix Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter One. Noble Allies of the Revolution: Classroom to Battleground (1916-1922) . 43 Chapter Two. Class Warfare: the Old Boi Network Challenged (1925-1930) ............... 105 Chapter Three. The Culture of Cotton Farms (1930s-1960s) ......................................... 170 Chapter Four. Purging the Elite: Politics and Lineage (1933-38) .................................. 224 Chapter Five. City on Paper: Writing Tajik in Stalinobod (1930-38) ............................ 282 Chapter Six. Islam and the Asilzodagon: Wartime and Postwar Leninobod .................. 352 Chapter Seven. The -
The Medieval Town of Kazakhstan
Asian Social Science; Vol. 9, No. 5; 2013 ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education The Medieval Town of Kazakhstan Saiden Zholdasbaev1 & Moldir Aldabergenova1 1 Faculty of History and Pedagogy, A. Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan, 161200, Kazakhstan Correspondence: Moldir Aldabergenova, Faculty of History and Pedagogy, A. Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan, 161200, Kazakhstan. Tel: 7-702-370-3047. E-mail: [email protected] Received: February 28, 2013 Accepted: April 5, 2013 Online Published: April 27, 2013 doi:10.5539/ass.v9n5p73 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n5p73 Abstract Medieval towns and settlements on the territory of Kazakhstan is amounted by hundreds and most of them remained in the form of yellow hills that require a deep study by archaeologists. Of course one needs to consider that not every city became the political center for five centuries of a State. Syganak in this area is isolated from other territories and its archaeological study may decide to Kazakhstan's history the most key issues at the moment. Keywords: medieval Kazakhstan, commercial and political center, medieval town, Syganak 1. Introduction Speaking about trade relations in South Kazakhstan, one can specify two areas on which they were performed. On one hand there was an intensive exchange of goods in the markets of cities lying "along the caravan route from Islamic world to China", it was a number of cities, including Syganak which was a capital of the Kipchak Khanate in XI-XIII centuries, became a center of White (Blue) Horde in XIV-XV centuries, and became a political center of the Kazakh Khanate in XV-XVI centuries. -
City Walls and Nomads: Archaeological Parallels in the Post-Hellenistic and Medieval Periods 1
_________________________________________________ ART-SANAT 2014/1 _________________________________________________ CITY WALLS AND NOMADS: ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARALLELS IN THE POST-HELLENISTIC AND MEDIEVAL PERIODS 1 KAZİM ABDULLAEV Dr., Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi Taşınabilir Kültür Varlıklarını Koruma ve Onarım Yüksekokulu [email protected] ABSTRACT Article concerns one of the weakly studied topics in Central Asian archaeology specifically category of the sites with waste free space between the fortification wall and citadel in the center. Usually on this space there no traces of any permanent buildings. Author suggests seeing in this type the transitional form from nomadic type of city with yurts located inside the walls around the central construction (yurt or palace of the leader) to the sedentary form. In the article there are examples of these sites in Central Asia of ancient and medieval periods. Keywords: Central Asia, archaeology, nomad, city walls, settlement, sedentary ŞEHİR DUVARLARI VE GÖÇEBELER: HELLENİSTİK ÇAĞ SONRASI VE ORTA ÇAĞ DÖNEMLERİNDE ARKEOLOJİK PARALELLER ÖZET Makale, Orta Asya arkeolojisinde az incelenmiş olan merkezdeki kale ile şehir suru arasında geniş boş alan bulunan yerleşimleri ele alır. Genellikle bu alanda kalıcı binaların izlerine rastlanmaz. Yazar bu tipte, sur içinde merkezi yapının (yurt veya liderin sarayı) etrafında yurtların yer aldığı göçebe şehir biçiminden yerleşik biçime geçişin görüldüğünü öne sürer. Makalede, Antik Çağ ve Orta Çağ dönemlerinde Orta Asya’daki bu yerleşim örneklerinden bahsedilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Orta Asya, arkeoloji, göçebe, şehir duvarları, yerleşim, yerleşik. 1 I express my deep gratitude to O. Grabar and J. Bernheim for their valuable advice and assistance in the preparation of this article. In this article : I am introducing new materials and thoughts developed from the following works: K. -
I TURKEY and the RESCUE of JEWS DURING the NAZI ERA: a RE-APPRAISAL of TWO CASES; GERMAN-JEWISH SCIENTISTS in TURKEY & TURKISH JEWS in OCCUPIED FRANCE
TURKEY AND THE RESCUE OF JEWS DURING THE NAZI ERA: A REAPPRAISAL OF TWO CASES; GERMAN-JEWISH SCIENTISTS IN TURKEY & TURKISH JEWS IN OCCUPIED FRANCE by I. Izzet Bahar B.Sc. in Electrical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 1974 M.Sc. in Electrical Engineering, Bosphorus University, Istanbul, 1977 M.A. in Religious Studies, University of Pittsburgh, 2006 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Art and Sciences in partial fulfillment Of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Cooperative Program in Religion University of Pittsburgh 2012 i UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences This dissertation was presented by I. Izzet Bahar It was defended on March 26, 2012 And approved by Clark Chilson, PhD, Assistant Professor, Religious Studies Seymour Drescher, PhD, University Professor, History Pınar Emiralioglu, PhD, Assistant Professor, History Alexander Orbach, PhD, Associate Professor, Religious Studies Adam Shear, PhD, Associate Professor, Religious Studies Dissertation Advisor: Adam Shear, PhD, Associate Professor, Religious Studies ii Copyright © by I. Izzet Bahar 2012 iii TURKEY AND THE RESCUE OF JEWS DURING THE NAZI ERA: A RE-APPRAISAL OF TWO CASES; GERMAN-JEWISH SCIENTISTS IN TURKEY & TURKISH JEWS IN OCCUPIED FRANCE I. Izzet Bahar, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2012 This study aims to investigate in depth two incidents that have been widely presented in literature as examples of the humanitarian and compassionate Turkish Republic lending her helping hand to Jewish people who had fallen into difficult, even life threatening, conditions under the racist policies of the Nazi German regime. The first incident involved recruiting more than one hundred Jewish scientists and skilled technical personnel from German-controlled Europe for the purpose of reforming outdated academia in Turkey. -
THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC of EASTERN TURKESTAN and the FORMATION of MODERN UYGHUR IDENTITY in XINJIANG by JOY R. LEE B.S., United
THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF EASTERN TURKESTAN AND THE FORMATION OF MODERN UYGHUR IDENTITY IN XINJIANG by JOY R. LEE B.S., United States Air Force Academy, 2005 A THESIS submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF ARTS Department of History College of Arts and Sciences KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2006 Approved by: Major Professor David A. Graff Form Approved Report Documentation Page OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 13 SEP 2006 N/A - 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER The Islamic Republic Of Eastern Turkestan And The Formation Of 5b. GRANT NUMBER Modern Uyghur Identity In Xinjiang 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER Kansas State University Manhattan, Kansas 9. -
Turanism, an Aspect of Turkish Nationalism 23 Did, Turkic Ethnicism in Contrast to the Theocratic Interracialism of the Community of the Faithful Jümmetj
T U R A N I S M AN ASPECT OF TURKISH NATIONALISM In the last two decades of the nineteenth century, as is generally known, the Ottoman Empire drifted away from the British orbit and came increasingly under the influence of Germany. It was the time when the British Foreign Office, after half a century of adhering to the principle of the integrity of the Ottoman Empire as a barrier to Russian expansionism, began to tolerate, or even support, the nationalist movement of the Balkan peoples and their claims against Turkey. At the beginning of Gladstone’s administration, in 1880, Montenegro, thanks to British as well as to Rus sian favor, acquired an outlet at Dulcigno (Ulcinj);1 a year later Abd-ul- Hamid II was compelled to cede Thessaly to Greece;2 on several occasions thereafter London registered an interest in behalf of the Cretans and the Armenians and reminded the sultan of his obligation to introduce reforms according to Articles 23 and 61 of the Berlin Treaty.3 No less important in Turkish eyes were Great Britain’s attempts to carve off Ottoman territories or to establish a foothold in the periphery of the declining empire. The retention of Cyprus by the British and the occupation of Egypt, the former in tune with Greek aspirations,4 5the latter in overt opposition to Egyptian nationalism,6 were equally severe blows to 1. See William L. Langer, European Alliances and Alignments, 1871 -1890 (New York, 1939), pp. 203-206. 2. Ibid., p. 209. William Miller, The Ottoman Empire and Its Successors (Cambridge University Press, 1936), pp. -
Études Mongoles Et Sibériennes, Centrasiatiques Et Tibétaines, 47 | 2016 Were the Historical Oirats “Western Mongols”? an Examination of Their Uniquen
Études mongoles et sibériennes, centrasiatiques et tibétaines 47 | 2016 Everyday religion among pastoralists of High and Inner Asia, suivi de Varia Were the historical Oirats “Western Mongols”? An examination of their uniqueness in relation to the Mongols Les Oïrats historiques étaient-ils des “Mongols occidentaux”? Un examen de leur singularité par rapport aux Mongols Joo-Yup Lee Electronic version URL: https://journals.openedition.org/emscat/2820 DOI: 10.4000/emscat.2820 ISSN: 2101-0013 Publisher Centre d'Etudes Mongoles & Sibériennes / École Pratique des Hautes Études Electronic reference Joo-Yup Lee, “Were the historical Oirats “Western Mongols”? An examination of their uniqueness in relation to the Mongols”, Études mongoles et sibériennes, centrasiatiques et tibétaines [Online], 47 | 2016, Online since 21 December 2016, connection on 20 September 2021. URL: http:// journals.openedition.org/emscat/2820 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/emscat.2820 This text was automatically generated on 20 September 2021. © Tous droits réservés Were the historical Oirats “Western Mongols”? An examination of their uniquen... 1 Were the historical Oirats “Western Mongols”? An examination of their uniqueness in relation to the Mongols Les Oïrats historiques étaient-ils des “Mongols occidentaux”? Un examen de leur singularité par rapport aux Mongols Joo-Yup Lee I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my friends Metin Bezikoğlu and Shuntu Kuang for helping me obtain and read relevant texts in the Başbakanlık arşivi Name-i hümâyûn defteri and the Qing Shilu, respectively. Introduction 1 The Kalmyks, a Buddhist Mongolic people residing in the Republic of Kalmykia (Khalmg Tangch), a constituent republic of the Russian Federation 1, the Torghud (Cl. -
Friedrich Max Muller And
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses Winter 3-22-2018 "Agglutinating" a Family: Friedrich Max Muller̈ and the Development of the Turanian Language Family Theory in Nineteenth-Century European Linguistics and Other Human Sciences Preetham Sridharan Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the History Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Sridharan, Preetham, ""Agglutinating" a Family: Friedrich Max Muller̈ and the Development of the Turanian Language Family Theory in Nineteenth-Century European Linguistics and Other Human Sciences" (2018). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 4341. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.6234 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. “Agglutinating” a Family: Friedrich Max Müller and the Development of the Turanian Language Family Theory in Nineteenth-Century European Linguistics and Other Human Sciences by Preetham Sridharan A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History Thesis Committee: Richard H. Beyler, Chair Chia Yin Hsu James Grehan Portland State University 2018 © 2018 Preetham Sridharan Abstract Some linguists in the nineteenth century argued for the existence of a “Turanian” family of languages in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia, claiming the common descent of a vast range of languages like Hungarian, Finnish, Turkish, Mongol, Manchu, and their relatives and dialects. -
Religion and the Secular State in Kyrgyzstan
Religion and the Secular State in Kyrgyzstan Johan Engvall SILK ROAD PAPER June 2020 Religion and the Secular State in Kyrgyzstan Johan Engvall © Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program – A Joint Transatlantic Research and Policy Center American Foreign Policy Council, 509 C St NE, Washington D.C. Institute for Security and Development Policy, V. Finnbodavägen 2, Stockholm-Nacka, Sweden www.silkroadstudies.org “Religion and the Secular State in Kyrgyzstan” is a Silk Road Paper published by the Central Asia-Caucasus Institute and Silk Road Studies Program, Joint Center. The Silk Road Papers Series is the Occasional Paper series of the Joint Center, which addresses topical and timely subjects. The Joint Center is a transatlantic independent and non-profit research and policy center. It has offices in Washington and Stockholm and is affiliated with the American Foreign Policy Council and the Institute for Security and Development Policy. It is the first institution of its kind in Europe and North America, and is firmly established as a leading research and policy center, serving a large and diverse community of analysts, scholars, policy-watchers, business leaders, and journalists. The Joint Center is at the forefront of research on issues of conflict, security, and development in the region. Through its applied research, publications, research cooperation, public lectures, and seminars, it functions as a focal point for academic, policy, and public discussion regarding the region. © Central Asia-Caucasus Institute and -
Central Asia, August 2002
Description of document: US Department of State Self Study Guide for Central Asia, August 2002 Requested date: 11-March-2007 Released date: 25-Mar-2010 Posted date: 19-April-2010 Source of document: Freedom of Information Act Office of Information Programs and Services A/GIS/IPS/RL U. S. Department of State Washington, D. C. 20522-8100 Fax: 202-261-8579 Note: This is one of a series of self-study guides for a country or area, prepared for the use of USAID staff assigned to temporary duty in those countries. The guides are designed to allow individuals to familiarize themselves with the country or area in which they will be posted. The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question.