Looting After a Disaster: a Myth Or Reality?
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Evidence from Sales of Emergency Supplies Before and After Hurricanes†‡
Disaster preparedness and disaster response: Evidence from †‡ sales of emergency supplies before and after hurricanes Timothy K.M. Beatty§, Jay P. Shimshack**, Richard J. Volpe†† May 2018 ABSTRACT Government information warns households to acquire emergency supplies as hurricanes threaten and directs households to stay off roads after hurricanes make landfall. Do households follow this advice? If so, who, when, and how much? We provide novel evidence. We combine forecast and landfall data for U.S. hurricanes between 2002 and 2012 with extensive scanner data on sales of bottled water, batteries, and flashlights. We find that sales of emergency supplies increase when a location is threatened by hurricane. The bulk of the sales increases occur immediately prior to forecasted landfall. The average increase in sales after landfall is large and statistically significant. Observed emergency preparation as hurricanes threaten is moderately higher in coastal, wealthier, and whiter areas. Ex-post emergency responses after hurricanes make landfall are sharply higher in African American, lower income, and less educated areas. Our results suggest that households do not follow government advice. KEYWORDS: Natural Disasters, Hurricanes, Emergency Supplies, Information, Advisories JEL CODES: H84, Q54, D12, Q58 THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS APPENDICES INTENDED FOR REVIEW AND ONLINE POSTING. † Evidence is calculated (or derived) based on data from The Nielsen Company (US), LLC and marketing databases provided by the Kilts Center for Marketing Data Center at The University of Chicago Booth School of Business and via Third Party Agreement with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The views in this paper are not attributable to USDA. The conclusions drawn from the Nielsen data are those of the researchers and do not reflect the views of Nielsen. -
Challenges and Considerations in Disaster Research
SAMHSA Disaster Technical Assistance Center Supplemental Research Bulletin: Challenges and Considerations in Disaster Research January 2016 ∙ INTRODUCTION Disaster research allows professionals in the field to advance existing preparedness, response, and recovery practices. It is important to study the impact of disasters on behavioral health to identify the emergence of psychopathology and to develop mental health interventions to prevent or mitigate the traumatic effect. However, this specific type of research comes with many ethical and methodological challenges that may dissuade or hinder its execution, such as funding and timing constraints, environmental concerns, risk for disaster survivors, and the public perception of conducting research during a time of distress (Knack et al., 2006). The primary dilemma faced by researchers is safely balancing the pursuit of answers to their questions with the serious and immediate needs of survivors (Benight et al., 2007). This issue of SAMHSA Disaster Technical Assistance Center’s Supplemental Research Bulletin, “Challenges and Considerations in Disaster Research,” addresses the ethical and operational concerns in research design, participant recruitment, data collection, and data interpretation during disaster research. The purpose of this issue is for researchers to learn about and anticipate procedural challenges that can only be overcome by prior planning, including having a research team properly trained in and prepared for the unique aspects of disaster research (Lavin et al., 2012). The following challenges and considerations will be discussed in this issue: 1. Risk-benefit analysis 2. Funding 3. Institutional Review Board approval 4. Participant recruitment 5. Informed consent 6. Emotional distress of participants 7. Participant tracking 8. Researcher safety and distress 9. -
FEMA Developing and Maintaining Emergency Operations Plans
Developing and Maintaining Emergency Operations Plans Comprehensive Preparedness Guide (CPG) 101 Version 2.0 November 2010 I am pleased to announce the release of Version 2.0 of Comprehensive Preparedness Guide 101: Developing and Maintaining Emergency Operations Plans. Comprehensive Preparedness Guide (CPG) 101 provides guidance for developing emergency operations plans. It promotes a common understanding of the fundamentals of risk-informed planning and decision making to help planners examine a hazard or threat and produce integrated, coordinated, and synchronized plans. The goal of CPG 101 is to assist in making the planning process routine across all phases of emergency management and for all homeland security mission areas. This Guide helps planners at all levels of government in their efforts to develop and maintain viable, all-hazards, all-threats emergency plans. Based on input from state, territorial, tribal, and local officials from across the United States, this update of CPG 101 expands on the fundamentals contained in the first version. With this edition, greater emphasis is placed on representing and engaging the whole community—to include those with access and functional needs, children, and those with household pets and service animals. Residents and all sectors of the community have a critical role and shared responsibility to take appropriate actions to protect themselves, their families and organizations, and their properties. Planning that engages and includes the whole community serves as the focal point for building a collaborative and resilient community. CPG 101 is the foundation for state, territorial, tribal, and local emergency planning in the United States. Planners in other disciplines, organizations, and the private sector, as well as other levels of government, may find this Guide useful in the development of their emergency operations plans. -
Background Hurricane Katrina
PARTPART 33 IMPACTIMPACT OFOF HURRICANESHURRICANES ONON NEWNEW ORLEANSORLEANS ANDAND THETHE GULFGULF COASTCOAST 19001900--19981998 HURRICANEHURRICANE--CAUSEDCAUSED FLOODINGFLOODING OFOF NEWNEW ORLEANSORLEANS •• SinceSince 1559,1559, 172172 hurricaneshurricanes havehave struckstruck southernsouthern LouisianaLouisiana ((ShallatShallat,, 2000).2000). •• OfOf these,these, 3838 havehave causedcaused floodingflooding inin NewNew thethe OrleansOrleans area,area, usuallyusually viavia LakeLake PonchartrainPonchartrain.. •• SomeSome ofof thethe moremore notablenotable eventsevents havehave included:included: SomeSome ofof thethe moremore notablenotable eventsevents havehave included:included: 1812,1812, 1831,1831, 1860,1860, 1915,1915, 1947,1947, 1965,1965, 1969,1969, andand 20052005.. IsaacIsaac MonroeMonroe ClineCline USWS meteorologist Isaac Monroe Cline pioneered the study of tropical cyclones and hurricanes in the early 20th Century, by recording barometric pressures, storm surges, and wind velocities. •• Cline charted barometric gradients (right) and tracked the eyes of hurricanes as they approached landfall. This shows the event of Sept 29, 1915 hitting the New Orleans area. • Storm or tidal surges are caused by lifting of the oceanic surface by abnormal low atmospheric pressure beneath the eye of a hurricane. The faster the winds, the lower the pressure; and the greater the storm surge. At its peak, Hurricane Katrina caused a surge 53 feet high under its eye as it approached the Louisiana coast, triggering a storm surge advisory of 18 to 28 feet in New Orleans (image from USA Today). StormStorm SurgeSurge •• The surge effect is minimal in the open ocean, because the water falls back on itself •• As the storm makes landfall, water is lifted onto the continent, locally elevating the sea level, much like a tsunami, but with much higher winds Images from USA Today •• Cline showed that it was then northeast quadrant of a cyclonic event that produced the greatest storm surge, in accordance with the drop in barometric pressure. -
Fishing Pier Design Guidance Part 1
Fishing Pier Design Guidance Part 1: Historical Pier Damage in Florida Ralph R. Clark Florida Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Beaches and Coastal Systems May 2010 Table of Contents Foreword............................................................................................................................. i Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... ii Chapter 1 – Introduction................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 – Ocean and Gulf Pier Damages in Florida................................................... 4 Chapter 3 – Three Major Hurricanes of the Late 1970’s............................................... 6 September 23, 1975 – Hurricane Eloise ...................................................................... 6 September 3, 1979 – Hurricane David ........................................................................ 6 September 13, 1979 – Hurricane Frederic.................................................................. 7 Chapter 4 – Two Hurricanes and Four Storms of the 1980’s........................................ 8 June 18, 1982 – No Name Storm.................................................................................. 8 November 21-24, 1984 – Thanksgiving Storm............................................................ 8 August 30-September 1, 1985 – Hurricane Elena ...................................................... 9 October 31, -
Adversus Paganos: Disaster, Dragons, and Episcopal Authority in Gregory of Tours
Adversus paganos: Disaster, Dragons, and Episcopal Authority in Gregory of Tours David J. Patterson Comitatus: A Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, Volume 44, 2013, pp. 1-28 (Article) Published by Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, UCLA DOI: 10.1353/cjm.2013.0000 For additional information about this article http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/cjm/summary/v044/44.patterson.html Access provided by University of British Columbia Library (29 Aug 2013 02:49 GMT) ADVERSUS PAGANOS: DISASTER, DRAGONS, AND EPISCOPAL AUTHORITY IN GREGORY OF TOURS David J. Patterson* Abstract: In 589 a great flood of the Tiber sent a torrent of water rushing through Rome. According to Gregory of Tours, the floodwaters carried some remarkable detritus: several dying serpents and, perhaps most strikingly, the corpse of a dragon. The flooding was soon followed by plague and the death of a pope. This remarkable chain of events leaves us with puzzling questions: What significance would Gregory have located in such a narrative? For a modern reader, the account (apart from its dragon) reads like a descrip- tion of a natural disaster. Yet how did people in the early Middle Ages themselves per- ceive such events? This article argues that, in making sense of the disasters at Rome in 589, Gregory revealed something of his historical consciousness: drawing on both bibli- cal imagery and pagan historiography, Gregory struggled to identify appropriate objects of both blame and succor in the wake of calamity. Keywords: plague, natural disaster, Gregory of Tours, Gregory the Great, Asclepius, pagan survivals, dragon, serpent, sixth century, Rome. In 589, a great flood of the Tiber River sent a torrent of water rushing through the city of Rome. -
Florida Hurricanes and Tropical Storms
FLORIDA HURRICANES AND TROPICAL STORMS 1871-1995: An Historical Survey Fred Doehring, Iver W. Duedall, and John M. Williams '+wcCopy~~ I~BN 0-912747-08-0 Florida SeaGrant College is supported by award of the Office of Sea Grant, NationalOceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce,grant number NA 36RG-0070, under provisions of the NationalSea Grant College and Programs Act of 1966. This information is published by the Sea Grant Extension Program which functionsas a coinponentof the Florida Cooperative Extension Service, John T. Woeste, Dean, in conducting Cooperative Extensionwork in Agriculture, Home Economics, and Marine Sciences,State of Florida, U.S. Departmentof Agriculture, U.S. Departmentof Commerce, and Boards of County Commissioners, cooperating.Printed and distributed in furtherance af the Actsof Congressof May 8 andJune 14, 1914.The Florida Sea Grant Collegeis an Equal Opportunity-AffirmativeAction employer authorizedto provide research, educational information and other servicesonly to individuals and institutions that function without regardto race,color, sex, age,handicap or nationalorigin. Coverphoto: Hank Brandli & Rob Downey LOANCOPY ONLY Florida Hurricanes and Tropical Storms 1871-1995: An Historical survey Fred Doehring, Iver W. Duedall, and John M. Williams Division of Marine and Environmental Systems, Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne, FL 32901 Technical Paper - 71 June 1994 $5.00 Copies may be obtained from: Florida Sea Grant College Program University of Florida Building 803 P.O. Box 110409 Gainesville, FL 32611-0409 904-392-2801 II Our friend andcolleague, Fred Doehringpictured below, died on January 5, 1993, before this manuscript was completed. Until his death, Fred had spent the last 18 months painstakingly researchingdata for this book. -
The Year That Shook the Rich: a Review of Natural Disasters in 2011
THE YEAR THAT SHOOK THE RICH: A REVIEW OF NATURAL DISASTERS IN 2011 The Brookings Institution – London School of Economics Project on Internal Displacement March 2012 Design: [email protected] Cover photo: © Thinkstock.com Back cover photos: left / © Awcnz62 | Dreamstime.com; right / © IOM 2011 - MPK0622 (Photo: Chris Lom) THE YEAR THAT SHOOK THE RICH: A REVIEW OF NATURAL DISASTERS IN 2011 By Elizabeth Ferris and Daniel Petz March 2012 PUBLISHED BY: THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION – LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS PROJECT ON INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT Bangkok, Thailand — Severe monsoon floods, starting in late July 2011, affected millions of people. A truck with passengers aboard drives through a heavily flooded street. Photo: UN/Mark Garten TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronyms ................................................................................................................................. vi Foreword ................................................................................................................................. ix Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. xi Introduction .............................................................................................................................. xv Chapter 1 The Year that Shook the Rich ...................................................... 1 Section 1 Disasters in the “Rich” World, Some Numbers ............................................ 5 Section 2 Japan: The Most Expensive Disaster -
Psychological Issues in Escape, Rescue, and Survival in the Wake of Disaster
2008 Psychological Issues in Escape, Rescue, and Survival in the Wake of Disaster Report Submitted to the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory George S. Everly, Jr., PhD, ABPP Paul Perrin & George S. Everly, III Contents INTRODUCTION THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF CRISIS AND DISASTERS The Nature of Human Stress Physiology of Stress Psychology of Stress Excessive Stress Distress Depression Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Compassion Fatigue A Review of Empirical Investigations on the Mental Health Consequences of Crisis and Disaster Primary Victims/ Survivors Rescue and Recovery Personnel “RESISTANCE, RESILIENCE, AND RECOVERY” AS A STRATEGIC AND INTEGRATIVE INTERVENTION PARADIGM Historical Foundations Resistance, Resiliency, Recovery: A Continuum of Care Building Resistance Self‐efficacy Hardiness Enhancing Resilience Fostering Recovery LEADERSHIP AND THE INCIDENT MANAGEMENT AND INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEMS (ICS) Leadership: What is it? Leadership Resides in Those Who Follow Incident Management Essential Information NIMS Components 1 Psychological Issues in Escape, Rescue, and Survival in the Wake of Disaster | George Everly, Jr. The Need for Incident Management Key Features of the ICS Placement of Psychological Crisis Intervention Teams in ICS Functional Areas in the Incident Command System Structuring the Mental Health Response Challenges of Rural and Isolated Response Caution: Fatigue in Incident Response Summary CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS REFERENCES APPENDIX A – Training resources in disaster mental health and crisis intervention APPENDIX B – Psychological First Aid (PFA) 2 Psychological Issues in Escape, Rescue, and Survival in the Wake of Disaster | George Everly, Jr. Introduction The experience of disaster appears to have become an expected aspect of life. Whether it is a natural disaster such as a hurricane or tsunami, or a human‐made disaster such as terrorism, the effects can be both physically and psychological devastating. -
Natural Disaster Emergency Planning and Preparedness Risk Bulletin
Natural disaster emergency planning and preparedness An Environmental Risk Toolkit AXA XL Environmental Risk Bulletin Be prepared. Natural Disaster Emergency Planning and Preparedness . 1 Disasters can happen at any time. Imagine that your business or facility is hit by a natural disaster, such as a hurricane, tornado, flood, earthquake or large wildfire. How will you ensure that your business quickly returns to normal operations and profitability? How will you protect your employees? One way to help do this is to create a Natural Disaster Preparedness and Response Plan. Both the final plan and the planning process are useful tools to respond to emergencies and to minimize costs and business interruptions. It can also be a strategic tool in business planning to ensure operational continuity. Being prepared and having a written plan should also help companies more effectively respond to any third party liabilities and claims that may arise from the surrounding community in the aftermath of a disaster. Why Plan for Natural Disasters? But why should we plan since natural disasters are rare? One of the primary reasons is potential cost savings to the affected business. Preparedness saves time and money by allowing a faster and more efficient resumption of routine business activities. Preparedness and periodic planning help businesses return to normal operation after a man-made or natural disaster. A disaster plan may also help enable a firm to stay in business and survive catastrophic events. According to the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), small businesses that don’t have a plan in place generally don’t survive after a disaster. -
Glossary of Terms
page GLO-1 Glossary of Terms Words, phrases, abbreviations, and acronyms relevant to emergency management should be defined. Many terms in emergency management have special meanings, so it is important to establish precise definitions. Such definitions allow the users of the EOP to share an understanding of the EOP. American Red The American Red Cross is a humanitarian organization, led by volunteers, that Cross provides relief to victims of disasters and helps people prevent, prepare for, and respond to emergencies. It does this through services that are consistent with its Congressional Charter and the Principles of the International Red Cross Movement. Attack A hostile action taken against the United States by foreign forces or terrorists, resulting in the destruction of or damage to military targets, injury or death to the civilian population, or damage or destruction to public and private property. Checklist Written (or computerized) enumeration of actions to be taken by an individual or organization, meant to aid memory rather than provide detailed instruction. Chief The official of the community who is charged with authority to implement and Executive administer laws, ordinances, and regulations for the community. He or she Official may be a mayor, city manager, etc. Community A political entity which has the authority to adopt and enforce laws and ordinances for the area under its jurisdiction. In most cases, the community is an incorporated town, city, township, village, or unincorporated area of a county. However, each State defines its own political subdivisions and forms of government. Contamination The undesirable deposition of a chemical, biological, or radiological material on the surface of structures, areas, objects, or people. -
(HB 3) the “Texas Pandemic Response Act”
By:AABurrows H.B.ANo.A3 A BILL TO BE ENTITLED 1 AN ACT 2 relating to state and local government responses to a pandemic 3 disaster; creating a criminal offense. 4 BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS: 5 SECTIONA1.AASubtitle B, Title 4, Government Code, is amended 6 by adding Chapter 418A to read as follows: 7 CHAPTER 418A. PANDEMIC EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT 8 SUBCHAPTER A. GENERAL PROVISIONS 9 Sec.A418A.001.AASHORT TITLE. This chapter may be cited as 10 the Texas Pandemic Response Act. 11 Sec.A418A.002.AAPURPOSES. The purposes of this chapter are 12 to: 13 (1)AAreduce the vulnerability of residents and 14 communities in this state to damage, injury, and loss of life and 15 property resulting from a pandemic disaster; 16 (2)AAprepare for prompt and efficient care and 17 treatment of persons victimized or threatened by a pandemic 18 disaster; 19 (3)AAmaintain employment levels for state residents to 20 the extent possible; 21 (4)AAprotect and preserve individual liberties 22 guaranteed under the United States Constitution and the Texas 23 Constitution; 24 (5)AAprovide a setting conducive to the rapid and 87R11404 YDB-F 1 H.B.ANo.A3 1 orderly restoration and rehabilitation of persons and property 2 affected by a pandemic disaster; 3 (6)AAclarify and strengthen the roles of the governor, 4 state agencies, the judicial branch of state government, and local 5 governments in the prevention of, preparation for, response to, and 6 recovery from a pandemic disaster; 7 (7)AAauthorize and provide for cooperation in pandemic 8 disaster