HURRICANE Betsy Track Aug
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Background Hurricane Katrina
PARTPART 33 IMPACTIMPACT OFOF HURRICANESHURRICANES ONON NEWNEW ORLEANSORLEANS ANDAND THETHE GULFGULF COASTCOAST 19001900--19981998 HURRICANEHURRICANE--CAUSEDCAUSED FLOODINGFLOODING OFOF NEWNEW ORLEANSORLEANS •• SinceSince 1559,1559, 172172 hurricaneshurricanes havehave struckstruck southernsouthern LouisianaLouisiana ((ShallatShallat,, 2000).2000). •• OfOf these,these, 3838 havehave causedcaused floodingflooding inin NewNew thethe OrleansOrleans area,area, usuallyusually viavia LakeLake PonchartrainPonchartrain.. •• SomeSome ofof thethe moremore notablenotable eventsevents havehave included:included: SomeSome ofof thethe moremore notablenotable eventsevents havehave included:included: 1812,1812, 1831,1831, 1860,1860, 1915,1915, 1947,1947, 1965,1965, 1969,1969, andand 20052005.. IsaacIsaac MonroeMonroe ClineCline USWS meteorologist Isaac Monroe Cline pioneered the study of tropical cyclones and hurricanes in the early 20th Century, by recording barometric pressures, storm surges, and wind velocities. •• Cline charted barometric gradients (right) and tracked the eyes of hurricanes as they approached landfall. This shows the event of Sept 29, 1915 hitting the New Orleans area. • Storm or tidal surges are caused by lifting of the oceanic surface by abnormal low atmospheric pressure beneath the eye of a hurricane. The faster the winds, the lower the pressure; and the greater the storm surge. At its peak, Hurricane Katrina caused a surge 53 feet high under its eye as it approached the Louisiana coast, triggering a storm surge advisory of 18 to 28 feet in New Orleans (image from USA Today). StormStorm SurgeSurge •• The surge effect is minimal in the open ocean, because the water falls back on itself •• As the storm makes landfall, water is lifted onto the continent, locally elevating the sea level, much like a tsunami, but with much higher winds Images from USA Today •• Cline showed that it was then northeast quadrant of a cyclonic event that produced the greatest storm surge, in accordance with the drop in barometric pressure. -
Fishing Pier Design Guidance Part 1
Fishing Pier Design Guidance Part 1: Historical Pier Damage in Florida Ralph R. Clark Florida Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Beaches and Coastal Systems May 2010 Table of Contents Foreword............................................................................................................................. i Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... ii Chapter 1 – Introduction................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 – Ocean and Gulf Pier Damages in Florida................................................... 4 Chapter 3 – Three Major Hurricanes of the Late 1970’s............................................... 6 September 23, 1975 – Hurricane Eloise ...................................................................... 6 September 3, 1979 – Hurricane David ........................................................................ 6 September 13, 1979 – Hurricane Frederic.................................................................. 7 Chapter 4 – Two Hurricanes and Four Storms of the 1980’s........................................ 8 June 18, 1982 – No Name Storm.................................................................................. 8 November 21-24, 1984 – Thanksgiving Storm............................................................ 8 August 30-September 1, 1985 – Hurricane Elena ...................................................... 9 October 31, -
Florida Hurricanes and Tropical Storms
FLORIDA HURRICANES AND TROPICAL STORMS 1871-1995: An Historical Survey Fred Doehring, Iver W. Duedall, and John M. Williams '+wcCopy~~ I~BN 0-912747-08-0 Florida SeaGrant College is supported by award of the Office of Sea Grant, NationalOceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce,grant number NA 36RG-0070, under provisions of the NationalSea Grant College and Programs Act of 1966. This information is published by the Sea Grant Extension Program which functionsas a coinponentof the Florida Cooperative Extension Service, John T. Woeste, Dean, in conducting Cooperative Extensionwork in Agriculture, Home Economics, and Marine Sciences,State of Florida, U.S. Departmentof Agriculture, U.S. Departmentof Commerce, and Boards of County Commissioners, cooperating.Printed and distributed in furtherance af the Actsof Congressof May 8 andJune 14, 1914.The Florida Sea Grant Collegeis an Equal Opportunity-AffirmativeAction employer authorizedto provide research, educational information and other servicesonly to individuals and institutions that function without regardto race,color, sex, age,handicap or nationalorigin. Coverphoto: Hank Brandli & Rob Downey LOANCOPY ONLY Florida Hurricanes and Tropical Storms 1871-1995: An Historical survey Fred Doehring, Iver W. Duedall, and John M. Williams Division of Marine and Environmental Systems, Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne, FL 32901 Technical Paper - 71 June 1994 $5.00 Copies may be obtained from: Florida Sea Grant College Program University of Florida Building 803 P.O. Box 110409 Gainesville, FL 32611-0409 904-392-2801 II Our friend andcolleague, Fred Doehringpictured below, died on January 5, 1993, before this manuscript was completed. Until his death, Fred had spent the last 18 months painstakingly researchingdata for this book. -
Looting After a Disaster: a Myth Or Reality?
Volume XXXI • Number 4 March 2007 Disaster Myths...Fourth in a Series Looting After a Disaster: A Myth or Reality? his special article in the Disaster Myths series pres- among those concerned with public safety and response Tents a point-counterpoint on the signifi cance and in disasters. prevalence of looting a� er disasters. Both authors were The fi rst author, E.L. Quarantelli, provides a his- asked to answer, independently, a series of questions, torical overview of looting in disaster research to help including whether looting a� er disasters is a myth, elucidate the myth. The fi ndings of previous disaster what evidence supports that opinion, what previous research are used to support the argument that looting, research has established about looting, and how the in fact, is not prevalent a� er disasters. In the end, there myths (and realities) about looting infl uence disaster is a lack of evidence showing that this behavior is com- planning and response. While the previous articles in monplace. This article can be found on page 2. this series were meant to help dispel disaster myths, As a counterpoint, Kelly Frailing focuses on the this article demonstrates the debate surrounding the events following Hurricane Katrina as evidence that controversial issue of looting and explores it in greater looting is not a myth, but a reality of disasters. This po- depth. Together these positions reveal the arguments sition is also supported by experience during previous and evidence for both sides of the debate. The editors events, such as Hurricane Betsy, and by crime statistics. -
Meteorological Conditions Over Puerto Rico During Hurricane Betsy, 1956 Jos~A
FEBRUARY1959 MOXTHLY WEATHER REVIEW 69 METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS OVER PUERTO RICO DURING HURRICANE BETSY, 1956 JOS~A. COL~N US.Weather Bureau, San Juan,P.R.’ (Manuscript received January 28, 1958; revised November 28, 19581 ABSTRACT The observations of wind, pressure, rainfall, and radar bands recorded orer Puerto Rico during the passage of HurricaneBetsy are presented and discussed. Thetrack of thehurricane across the Atlantic and eastern Caribbean Sea, which shows an apparent sinusoidal oscillation around the mean path, is also included. The radar obserrations are used to obtain the detailed path of the hurricane across Puerto Rico and to study the changes in the structure of the precipitation bands that resulted from the passage over the mountainous section. Photo- graphs are presented to illustrate the rariations in the radar structure. Some inferences are made in regard to the changes in the intensity of the wind and pressure fields. It is shown that snme weakening of the wind field and filling of the central pressure occurred with motion over the land area, and that rapid deepening followed as soon as the humicane mored orer mater on the north side of the island. The rainfall observations are compared with those recorded in the great “Sam Felipe” hurricane of September 13, 1925. 1. INTRODUCTION 2. SYNOPTIC HISTORY On August 12, 1956, hurricane Betsy, the second tropi- Hurricane Betsy mas detected on August 9, 1956, near cal storm of the season, moved across the island of Puerto 1at.itude 14” N, longitude 49” W. withthe aid of ship Rico. It mas the first hurricane to pass direct,ly over the reports [ 11. -
Historical Perspective
kZ _!% L , Ti Historical Perspective 2.1 Introduction CROSS REFERENCE Through the years, FEMA, other Federal agencies, State and For resources that augment local agencies, and other private groups have documented and the guidance and other evaluated the effects of coastal flood and wind events and the information in this Manual, performance of buildings located in coastal areas during those see the Residential Coastal Construction Web site events. These evaluations provide a historical perspective on the siting, design, and construction of buildings along the Atlantic, Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, and Great Lakes coasts. These studies provide a baseline against which the effects of later coastal flood events can be measured. Within this context, certain hurricanes, coastal storms, and other coastal flood events stand out as being especially important, either Hurricane categories reported because of the nature and extent of the damage they caused or in this Manual should be because of particular flaws they exposed in hazard identification, interpreted cautiously. Storm siting, design, construction, or maintenance practices. Many of categorization based on wind speed may differ from that these events—particularly those occurring since 1979—have been based on barometric pressure documented by FEMA in Flood Damage Assessment Reports, or storm surge. Also, storm Building Performance Assessment Team (BPAT) reports, and effects vary geographically— Mitigation Assessment Team (MAT) reports. These reports only the area near the point of summarize investigations that FEMA conducts shortly after landfall will experience effects associated with the reported major disasters. Drawing on the combined resources of a Federal, storm category. State, local, and private sector partnership, a team of investigators COASTAL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL 2-1 2 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE is tasked with evaluating the performance of buildings and related infrastructure in response to the effects of natural and man-made hazards. -
Groundwater Salinization in the Lower Florida Keys Following Hurricane Irma Storm Surge
Effects of rising seas and recent hurricanes on coastal wetlands in the lower Florida Keys Danielle E. Ogurcak and Michael S. Ross Florida International University, Miami, FL Coastal Wetlands on 8 of the lower Florida Keys Max elevation ~ 2 meters Zhang et al. 2010 Max elevation ~ 5 meters Predicted increases in sea level rise and frequency of Cat 3 - 5 hurricanes in the 21st century Sweet et al. 2017 AP Photo/J. Pat Carter Bender et al. 2010 www.srh.noaa.gov 2018 SLAMM Modeling Results Warren Pinnacle Consulting, Model runs at Stetson University 1 ft SLR 2 ft SLR 3 ft SLR Miller & Traxler, USFWS, GEER 2019 (Halley et al. 1993) Conceptual Model of Freshwater Lens Precipitation Transpiration Well Sea level Fresh Ghyben- Brackish Brackish Sea water Herzberg Lens Coastal Forest Communities of the Lower Florida Keys Hardwood Hammock Freshwater Supratidal wetland Scrub Mangrove forests, Pine Rockland woodlands, & scrublands Water table Fresh Increasingly brackish Increasingly brackish Jul 2010 Have recent hurricanes served as tipping points? Annual Sea Level at Key West Tide Gauge (1913 – 2013) Major Hurricanes Impacting the Lower Keys (1965 – 2019) Betsy 1965: Cat 3 storm at landfall in Key Largo, 125 mph winds on Big Pine Key, surge of 2.7 m documented at Sugarloaf Key Inez 1966: Cat 3 storm, with 150 mph winds estimated on Big Pine Key, above normal tides (1.5m) Georges 1998: Cat 2 storm at landfall in Key West, 90-100 mph winds, storm surge from Atlantic of 5 - 6 ft Wilma 2005: Cat 3 storm at landfall near Naples, 110mph winds , 2 storm surges – first from the Atlantic of 4 - 5 ft, second from Florida Bay of 6 - 8 ft, highest surge in Florida Keys since Hurricane Betsy (1965) (NOAA NWS). -
Harvey, Irma, and the NFIP: Did the 2017 Hurricane Season Matter to Flood Insurance Reauthorization?
University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review Volume 40 Issue 4 The Ben J. Altheimer Symposium: The Law and Unnatural Disasters: Legal Adaptations Article 1 to Climate Change 2018 Harvey, Irma, and the NFIP: Did the 2017 Hurricane Season Matter to Flood Insurance Reauthorization? Robin Kundis Craig Follow this and additional works at: https://lawrepository.ualr.edu/lawreview Part of the Environmental Law Commons, and the Insurance Law Commons Recommended Citation Robin Kundis Craig, Harvey, Irma, and the NFIP: Did the 2017 Hurricane Season Matter to Flood Insurance Reauthorization?, 40 U. ARK. LITTLE ROCK L. REV. 481 (2018). Available at: https://lawrepository.ualr.edu/lawreview/vol40/iss4/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Bowen Law Repository: Scholarship & Archives. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review by an authorized editor of Bowen Law Repository: Scholarship & Archives. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HARVEY, IRMA, AND THE NFIP: DID THE 2017 HURRICANE SEASON MATTER TO FLOOD INSURANCE REAUTHORIZATION? Robin Kundis Craig* I. INTRODUCTION In April 2014, Farmers Insurance Company filed nine high-profile class-action lawsuits on behalf of itself, other insurance companies, and policyholders with damaged properties against approximately 200 Chicago- area municipalities, arguing that those municipalities were failing to deal with climate change.1 Specifically, Farmers Insurance alleged that these cities and counties were aware that -
May 2016 2 Meet Our New Meteorologist-In-Charge! (Cont)
SouthernmostSouthernmost WeatherWeather ReporterReporter National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office Key West, FL SouthernmostSouthernmost WeatherWeather ReporterReporter National Weather Service ~ Key West, FL Welcome to Our First Report! M a y 2 0 1 6 Inside this Report: elcome to the inaugural report of the Florida Keys National Weather Service (NWS). This report details activities from the Florida Keys NWS Q&A with New MIC 2 office, as well as our many outreach and customer service initiatives. W NOAA Science 4 Many interesting weather events occurred during this last year: Saturday We ended 2015 as the warmest year on record in Key West. DSS in the Keys 5 We had a small scare with Tropical Storm Erika that threatened south Florida in Beach Hazards 6 late August. Data Acquisition 7 We saw persistent coastal flooding affect the Keys in September and October. Award Ocean Wave Experts In addition, our office accomplished several major outreach and customer service 8 initiatives of which I am quite proud: Come to Key West We hosted our first office open house (“Science Saturday”) event in five years. That’s the Spirit! 8 10th Anniversary of We had total attendance of almost 800, and this is something we are planning 9 to make an annual event. Hurricane Wilma Persistent Coastal We hosted over 50 national and international scientists at our office, as part of a 10 Flooding large international science workshop on marine forecasting held in Key West. Become a Rainfall We commemorated the anniversary of two of the strongest hurricanes on 12 Observer record to affect the Keys: Labor Day Hurricane (1935) & Hurricane Wilma (2005). -
Florida Hurricanes and Tropical Storms, 1871-1993: an Historical Survey, the Only Books Or Reports Exclu- Sively on Florida Hurricanes Were R.W
3. 2b -.I 3 Contents List of Tables, Figures, and Plates, ix Foreword, xi Preface, xiii Chapter 1. Introduction, 1 Chapter 2. Historical Discussion of Florida Hurricanes, 5 1871-1900, 6 1901-1930, 9 1931-1960, 16 1961-1990, 24 Chapter 3. Four Years and Billions of Dollars Later, 36 1991, 36 1992, 37 1993, 42 1994, 43 Chapter 4. Allison to Roxanne, 47 1995, 47 Chapter 5. Hurricane Season of 1996, 54 Appendix 1. Hurricane Preparedness, 56 Appendix 2. Glossary, 61 References, 63 Tables and Figures, 67 Plates, 129 Index of Named Hurricanes, 143 Subject Index, 144 About the Authors, 147 Tables, Figures, and Plates Tables, 67 1. Saffir/Simpson Scale, 67 2. Hurricane Classification Prior to 1972, 68 3. Number of Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, and Combined Total Storms by 10-Year Increments, 69 4. Florida Hurricanes, 1871-1996, 70 Figures, 84 l A-I. Great Miami Hurricane 2A-B. Great Lake Okeechobee Hurricane 3A-C.Great Labor Day Hurricane 4A-C. Hurricane Donna 5. Hurricane Cleo 6A-B. Hurricane Betsy 7A-C. Hurricane David 8. Hurricane Elena 9A-C. Hurricane Juan IOA-B. Hurricane Kate 1 l A-J. Hurricane Andrew 12A-C. Hurricane Albert0 13. Hurricane Beryl 14A-D. Hurricane Gordon 15A-C. Hurricane Allison 16A-F. Hurricane Erin 17A-B. Hurricane Jerry 18A-G. Hurricane Opal I9A. 1995 Hurricane Season 19B. Five 1995 Storms 20. Hurricane Josephine , Plates, X29 1. 1871-1880 2. 1881-1890 Foreword 3. 1891-1900 4. 1901-1910 5. 1911-1920 6. 1921-1930 7. 1931-1940 These days, nothing can escape the watchful, high-tech eyes of the National 8. -
Florida Hurricanes and Tropical Storms
FLORIDA HURRICANES AND TROPICAL STORMS 1871-1995: An Historical Survey Fred Doehring, Iver W. Duedall, and John M. Williams '+wcCopy~~ I~BN 0-912747-08-0 Florida SeaGrant College is supported by award of the Office of Sea Grant, NationalOceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce,grant number NA 36RG-0070, under provisions of the NationalSea Grant College and Programs Act of 1966. This information is published by the Sea Grant Extension Program which functionsas a coinponentof the Florida Cooperative Extension Service, John T. Woeste, Dean, in conducting Cooperative Extensionwork in Agriculture, Home Economics, and Marine Sciences,State of Florida, U.S. Departmentof Agriculture, U.S. Departmentof Commerce, and Boards of County Commissioners, cooperating.Printed and distributed in furtherance af the Actsof Congressof May 8 andJune 14, 1914.The Florida Sea Grant Collegeis an Equal Opportunity-AffirmativeAction employer authorizedto provide research, educational information and other servicesonly to individuals and institutions that function without regardto race,color, sex, age,handicap or nationalorigin. Coverphoto: Hank Brandli & Rob Downey LOANCOPY ONLY Florida Hurricanes and Tropical Storms 1871-1995: An Historical survey Fred Doehring, Iver W. Duedall, and John M. Williams Division of Marine and Environmental Systems, Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne, FL 32901 Technical Paper - 71 June 1994 $5.00 Copies may be obtained from: Florida Sea Grant College Program University of Florida Building 803 P.O. Box 110409 Gainesville, FL 32611-0409 904-392-2801 II Our friend andcolleague, Fred Doehringpictured below, died on January 5, 1993, before this manuscript was completed. Until his death, Fred had spent the last 18 months painstakingly researchingdata for this book. -
Louisiana Hurricane History
Louisiana Hurricane History David Roth National Weather Service Camp Springs, MD Table of Contents Climatology of Tropical Cyclones in Louisiana 3 List of Louisiana Hurricanes 8 Spanish Conquistadors and the Storm of 1527 11 Hurricanes of the Eighteenth Century 11 Hurricanes of the Early Nineteenth Century 14 Hurricanes of the Late Nineteenth Century 17 Deadliest Hurricane in Louisiana History - Chenier Caminanda (1893) 25 Hurricanes of the Early Twentieth Century 28 Hurricanes of the Late Twentieth Century 37 Hurricanes of the Early Twenty-First Century 51 Acknowledgments 57 Bibliography 58 2 Climatology of Tropical Cyclones in Louisiana “We live in the shadow of a danger over which we have no control: the Gulf, like a provoked and angry giant, can awake from its seeming lethargy, overstep its conventional boundaries, invade our land and spread chaos and disaster” - Part of “Prayer for Hurricane Season” read as Grand Chenier every weekend of summer (Gomez). Some of the deadliest tropical storms and hurricanes to ever hit the United States have struck the Louisiana shoreline. Memorable storms include Andrew in 1992, Camille in 1969, Betsy in 1965, Audrey in 1957, the August Hurricane of 1940, the September Hurricane of 1915, the Cheniere Caminanda hurricane of October 1893, the Isle Dernieres storm of 1856, and the Racer’s Storm of 1837. These storms claimed as many as 3000 lives from the area....with Audrey having the highest death toll in modern times in the United States from any tropical cyclone, with 526 lives lost in Cameron and nine in Texas. Louisiana has few barrier islands; therefore, the problem of overpopulation along the coast slowing down evacuation times, such as Florida, does not exist.