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Ambient Biomonitoring Network NJ Department of Environmental Protection Water Monitoring and Standards AMBIENT BIOMONITORING NETWORK Raritan Water Region Watershed Management Areas 7, 8, 9, and 10 Round 3 Benthic Macroinvertebrate Data Volume 1 of 2 February 2008 State of New Jersey NJ Department of Environmental Protection Jon S. Corzine, Governor Lisa Jackson, Commissioner NJ Department of Environmental Protection Land Use Management Mark Mauriello, Assistant Commissioner Water Monitoring and Standards Leslie McGeorge, Administrator Bureau of Freshwater & Biological Monitoring Alfred L. Korndoerfer, Jr., Chief February 2008 AMBIENT BIOMONITORING NETWORK Raritan Water Region Watershed Management Areas 7, 8, 9, and 10 Round 3 Benthic Macroinvertebrate Data Volume 1 of 2 Water Monitoring Report Prepared By: Bureau of Freshwater and Biological Monitoring Sampling and Data Analysis: Victor Poretti, Project Manager-Sampling Coordination Dean Bryson, Project Manager-Laboratory Operations Jessica Messersmith Thomas Miller Anna Signor Report Preparation: Thomas Miller Map Preparation: John Sell Edited By: Alfred Korndoerfer Leslie McGeorge Alena Baldwin-Brown AMBIENT BIOMONITORING NETWORK Watershed Management Areas 7, 8, 9, and 10 Raritan Water Region Round 3 Benthic Macroinvertebrate Data Volume 1 of 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS page Executive Summary 1 Introduction 3 Rationale for Biological Monitoring 3 Advantages of Using Benthic Macroinvertebrates 3 Limitations of Biological Monitoring 3 Benthic Macroinvertebrates Usually Indicative of Good Water Quality 4 Benthic Macroinvertebrates Usually Indicative of Poor Water Quality 5 Study Design 6 Data Quality Objectives 6 Site Selection 6 Field and Laboratory Methods 7 Sample Collection 7 Sample Processing and Sorting 8 Macroinvertebrate Identification and Quality Control 8 Data Analysis 8 Trend Analysis 9 Supplemental Analyses/Evaluation Methods 9 Morphological Abnormalities 9 Habitat Assessment 10 Fish IBI 10 Chemical Monitoring 11 Results and Discussion 13 Summary of Statewide AMNET Data 13 Results & Trends 14 Regional Results 15 Evaluation by WMA 16 i Watershed Management Area # 7 16 Watershed Management Area # 8 17 Watershed Management Area # 9 18 Watershed Management Area # 10 19 Macroinvertebrate Abnormalities 20 Causes and Conditions of Impairment Condition 20 Habitat Assessment vs. Biological 21 Additional Information 22 REFERENCES 23 TABLE 1. Biological Criteria for Screening Water Quality in New Jersey Freshwater Streams ii Ambient Biomonitoring Network Watershed Management Areas 7, 8, 9, and 10 Raritan River Region Round 3 Benthic Macroinvertebrate Data Volume 1 of 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Biological monitoring of freshwater systems in New Jersey provides an effective means of gauging long-term trends in surface water quality throughout the State. The Ambient Biomonitoring Network (AMNET) is one of the major ongoing monitoring programs. This statewide network of over 800 AMNET stations employs sampling and taxonomic analysis of in-stream macroinvertebrate communities to assess the ecological condition at each station. Following sample analysis, an integrated index of "biometrics", based on community composition and pollution tolerance levels of individual taxa, assigns one of three "impairment" levels to each site (i.e., non-impaired, moderately impaired, or severely impaired). The results are considered reflective of the water or habitat quality at each site. This information is used by the Department, primarily in assessing progress toward the goals of the Clean Water Act via the Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment Report. AMNET data are also very useful for designation of Category 1 waters based on exceptional ecological significance. Results are reported separately for each of New Jersey’s five major drainage basins or “Water Regions” (Lower Delaware, Upper Delaware/Northwest, Northeast, Raritan and Atlantic), each encompassing several sub-basins (“Watershed Management Areas”). The Water Regions, with an average of 165 AMNET sites each, are sampled in consecutive years on a five-year rotational basis. This report presents the results for the biological 2004 Raritan Region monitoring conducted in Raritan Water Region from Bioassessment Results April to October 2004. The sampling of this Region Non-impaired (160 total sites) 33.8% marks the third round of data collection for this basin. For the Raritan Water Region, the results obtained in Moderately the current round are similar to those of the previous impaired (second round) sampling. Currently, of 165 AMNET 63.7% sites in the Raritan Water Region, 54 (33.75%) were found non-impaired, 102 (63.75%) moderately Severely impaired impaired, and 4 (2.5%) severely impaired, with five 2.5% sites not sampled (AN0202, AN0382D, AN0389, AN0454, AN0455) due to site difficulties or bridge construction. Results from the current, 3rd round (2004) of sampling are compared to those from the same sites sampled in the earlier rounds (1994, 1999). Of the 165 total AMNET sites presently in the Raritan Water Region, current sampling yielded substantially fewer severely impaired sites (2.5%) than did the first and second round sampling (5.6%, 9.2% respectively ); however, the curent round yielded more moderately impaired sites (63.75%) than did the first and second rounds (56.9%, 55.6% respectively ). Conversely, the number of non-impaired sites (33.75%) observed in the 2004 sampling Page 1 of 23 continued the decline consistently observed since the first and second rounds of sampling (37.5%, 35.2% respectively). Percent Change in Rating Between the As reflected in the present study results, human 1999 and the 2004 Monitoring land uses and practices, superimposed on the (160 sites total) undisturbed physical terrain, play a major role in controlling the degree of pollution or degradation Positive Change in a stream system. The relationship between 12.5% benthic macroinvertebrate community impairment No Change 71.9% has been statistically related to different Negative Change physiographic land types, land uses and other 15.6% anthropogenic factors, on a statewide basis. These findings strongly indicate that human land uses and practices play a major role in the degree of pollution or degradation in a stream system. [15] To determine what factors are contributing to impairments, or changes in impairment ratings, the Department has established a Stressor Identification (SI) process. The purpose of the Stressor Identification (SI) process, as developed by USEPA, is to identify the principle stressor(s), including but not limited to, specific pollutants responsible for the degraded biological condition. Identifying whether the principal stressor(s) is a pollutant or, if a specific pollutant(s) cannot be identified, is due to generic pollution is the first step towards deciding whether a pollutant(s) specific TMDL or other appropriate management measures will be taken to remediate the impairment. Five sites have been selected in this Water Region for initial Stressor Identification work. These sites are: AN0311 (Drakes Brook), AN0324 (Beaver Brook), AN0343 (Holland Brook) and AN0333 & AN0337 (Neshanic River). Page 2 of 23 INTRODUCTION Rationale for Biological Monitoring Biological monitoring, as referenced in this report, pertains to the collection and analysis of stream macroinvertebrate communities as indicators of water or habitat quality. Macroinvertebrates are larger- than-microscopic, primarily benthic (bottom-dwelling) fauna, which are generally ubiquitous in freshwater and estuarine environments, and play an integral role in the aquatic food web. Insects (largely immature forms) are especially characteristic of freshwaters; other major groups include worms, mollusks (snails, clams) and crustaceans (scuds, shrimp, crayfish, etc.). They are more readily collected and quantified than either fish or periphyton communities. Species comprising the in-stream community occupy various niches, based on functional adaptation or feeding mode (e.g., predators, filter or detritus feeders, scavengers); their presence and relative abundance is governed by environmental conditions (which may determine available food supply) and by pollution tolerance levels of the respective taxa. The overall community, thus, is holistically reflective of conditions in its environment. Assessments of ambient water / habitat quality can then be made based upon standardized procedures, which can show perturbations measured as changes or differences in community structure [1]. While development of a "multitrophic" approach to include finfish and periphyton communities with invertebrates is being investigated, the primary means of assessment to date has been through macroinvertebrate community analysis. Advantages of Using Benthic Macroinvertebrates: 1. They are good indicators of localized conditions of water quality due to their limited mobility. As such, they are well suited for the assessment of site-specific pollution impacts. 2. They are sensitive to environmental impacts from both point and non-point sources of pollution. 3. They integrate the effects of short-term environmental variations, such as oil spills and intermittent discharges. 4. Sampling is relatively easy and inexpensive. 5. They are holistic indicators of overall water quality, even for substances that may be present, but at lower than detectable levels. 6. They are normally abundant in New Jersey waters as well as aquatic environments in general. 7. They serve as the primary food source for many species of commercially and recreationally
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