The National Gazetteer of the United States of America
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THE NATIONAL GAZETTEER OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA NEW JERSEY 1983 THE NATIONAL GAZETTEER OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA NEW JERSEY 1983 Barnegat Lighthouse took its name from adjacent Barnegat Inlet which connects Barnegat Bay with the Atlantic Ocean. The name, first appearing on a 1656 map as "Barndegat," reflects the early Dutch heritage of New Jersey. It is derived from "barende gat" meaning "foaming entrance (passage)," a descriptive reference to the break in the barrier islands with its foamy or breaking surf. The National Gazetteer of the United States of America New Jersey 1983 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1200-NJ Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Board on Geographic Names UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE:1983 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR JAMES G. WATT, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DALLAS L. PECK, Director UNITED STATES BOARD ON GEOGRAPHIC NAMES JOHN A. WOLTER, Chairman MEMBERS AS OF JULY 1982 Department of State ___________________________ Sandra Shaw, member Robert Smith, deputy Postal Service ________________________________ Robert G. Krause, member Paul S. Bakshi, deputy Lawrence L. Lum, deputy Department of Interior _________________________ Rupert B. Southard, member Solomon M. Lang, deputy Dwight F. Rettie, deputy David E. Meier, deputy Department of Agriculture _______________________ Myles R. Hewlett, member Lewis G. Glover, deputy Donald D. Loff, deputy Department of Commerce ______________----___- Charles E. Harrington, member Richard L. Forstall, deputy Roy G. Saltman, deputy Government Printing Office _____________________ Robert C. McArtor, member Roy W. Morton, deputy Library of Congress ____________________________ John A. Wolter, member Myrl D. Powell, deputy Department of Defense _________________________ Thomas P. Morris, member Carl Nelius, deputy Staff assistance for domestic geographic names provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Communications about domestic names should be addressed to Donald J. Orth Executive Secretary Domestic Geographic Names USGS National Center, Stop 523 Reston, VA 22092 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: The National gazetteer of the United States-New Jersey, 1982. (Geological Survey professional paper ; 1200-NJ) Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey. Bibliography: p. 1. New Jersey-Gazetteers. I. Geological Survey (U.S.) II. United States. Board on Geographic Names. III. Series. F132.N37 1982 917.49'01'4 82-600282_______________________________________ For sale by the Distribution Branch, U.S. Geological Survey, 604 South Pickett Street, Alexandria, VA 22304 FOREWORD The U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Board on Geographic Names have a long history of cooperation in establishing uniform geographic names usage on Federal maps, charts, and on other publications. The cooperative effort has been a natural blending of technical talent and responsibility that has been mutually beneficial to the missions and programs of both organizations. The Board on Geographic Names is responsible for establishing official names for use throughout the Federal Government. The Geological Survey is responsible for the preparation and maintenance of the base map series of the Nation's lands and waters and publishes reports based on investigations of our mineral, energy, land, and water resources. In addition to being a principal user of the official names determined by the Board, the Geological Survey with its widely scattered field operations has been a major source of information necessary for making the deci sions establishing those names. The basis for the cooperation between the Geological Survey and the Board is recognition that the standard use of geographic names is necessary for geographical communication. The use of geographic names in language gives us a primary reference system that affects all people almost every day of their lives. Geographic names have strong psychological significance because they have close association with thought processes that give man the- ability to perceive and understand the world around him. They identify areas of cultural and ad ministrative responsibility, define political boundaries, and carry legal weight in determining property, mineral, and water rights. "The National Gazetteer of the United States of America" is the result of a long-term effort to provide a standard reference to the Nation's named places, features, and areas. As early as 1892, with the support of the newly organized Board on Geographic Names and as part of its mapping program, the Geological Survey began cataloging geographic names and planned to produce a series of State gazetteers "designed as an aid in finding any geographic feature upon the atlas sheets published by the Geological Survey." Compilation was initially done by Henry Gannett, Chief Geographer, under the direction of John Wesley Powell, second Director of the Survey. Gannett was chairman of the Board on Geographic Names from 1894 until his death in 1914. Gazetteers for 12 States, Puerto Rico, Territory of Alaska, and Indian Territory (Oklahoma) were published between 1894 and 1906. Large-scale topographic mapping, from which the name information for the gazetteers was derived, however, is a slow process and inade quate map coverage led to the discontinuation of the program. In 1976, the Geological Survey again began the systematic collection of geographic name information at a time when published large-scale topographic maps were available for more than 70 percent of the country. This information comprises a major part of a computerized national geographic names data base. This volume is part of the USGS Professional Paper series, "The National Gazet teer of the United States of America," and is derived from the data base. Dallas L. Peck John A. Wolter Director, Chairman, U.S. Board on Geographic U.S. Geological Survey Names Department of the Interior CONTENTS Page Foreword _____________________________________________ v Acknowledgments ________________________________________ viii Introduction, by Donald J. Orth _________________________________ ix U.S. Board on Geographic Names ______________________________ ix U.S. Geological Survey ___________________________________ ix National geographic names data base ___________________________ x Guide to the use of the gazetteer ______________________________ x Alphabetical list of Geological Survey maps of New Jersey _____________ xi New Jersey and its capitals _________________________________ xiii Glossary, by Sam Stulberg and Roger L. Payne__________________________ xv Gazetteer _____________________________________________ NJ 1 ILLUSTRATIONS Page FRONTISPIECE Barnegat Lighthouse FIGURE 1. Map of New Jersey counties ______________________________ xii 2. Pawnall's1776 map of New Jersey ___________________________ xiv VII ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Publication of the National Gazetteer required a considerable amount of extra time and effort by several members of the geographic names staff in the Geological Survey. Special recognition is given to Sam Stulberg and Roger L. Payne, who researched and developed the Geographic Names Informa tion System (GNIS), and Ernest F. Berringer, gazetteer director, who provided necessary leadership for the final production of the gazetteer. NATIONAL GAZETTEER OF THE UNITED STATES-NEW JERSEY 1983 INTRODUCTION problems, name inquiries, and new name proposals can By Donald J. Orth be directed, the Board plays a similar role for the general public. This gazetteer lists about 10,000 geographic names in With respect to names used by Americans for places, alphabetical order for places, features, and areas within features, and areas in the United States and its ter or partly within the State of New Jersey. It is part of a ritories, it is the policy of the Board to recognize present- series of State, territory, and other special listings of day local usage or preferences where possible. To imple geographic names collectively titled "The National ment this policy, there is close cooperation with State Gazetteer of the United States of America" and pub geographic boards, State and local governments, and lished as U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper with the general public. Where there is confusing 1200. This series is prepared in cooperation with the U.S. duplication of local names or where a local name is Board on Geographic Names. Its purpose is to provide a derogatory to a particular person, race, or religion, the national standard for reference and research on Board may disapprove such names and seek alternate geographic names and a base for other data systems. local names for the features. In cases where local usage Separate volumes of the National Gazetteer are iden is conflicting or when a name is not used by many peo tified by principal geographic area or topic and year. ple, well-established documented names and names with Each volume will be revised periodically with the year of historical significance are given added consideration. publication as part of the title. The information in the The Board also has a policy of not approving new National Gazetteer may be kept up-to-date between revi domestic geographic names that commemorate or may sions by noting appropriate changes and new entries be construed to commemorate living persons. published in the reports of the U.S. Board on Geographic Any person or organization, public or private, may Names. These reports may be found in libraries or can be make inquiries or request the Board on Geographic ordered