Streamwatcher Your Water
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
The StreamWatcher Your water. Your environment. Winter 2013 Your voice. STREAMWATCH MISSION Protecting and enhancing our watershed through chemical, physical, and biological monitoring, restoration, appropriate action, and education. Volunteers are the key! IN THIS ISSUE . SCIENCE DEPARTMENT STAFF PAGE 1 Nationwide Water Quality Portal Now Online Jim Waltman SBMWA Executive Director PAGE 2 Announcements What’s Bugging You - How does road salting affect waterways? Amy M. Soli, Ph.D PAGE 3 What’s Bugging You, continued Science Director August and November Bacteria Monitoring Results Erin McCollum Stretz PAGE 4 Summer and Fall 2013 Macroinvertebrate Monitoring Results StreamWatch Program Coordinator PAGE 5 View Our Data Nicholas Ho Resources for StreamWatchers GIS Specialist Upcoming Dates to Remember ———————————————— NATIONWIDE WATER QUALITY PORTAL NOW ONLINE STONY BROOK-MILLSTONE SEE YOUR DATA ON A NATIONAL SCALE WATERSHED ASSOCIATION You have worked long and hard to collect your StreamWatch data—now what? J. Seward Johnson, Sr. There is a new website available to the public to see your data put on display. A Environmental Center project that has been in development for years by the National Water Quality 31 Titus Mill Road Council, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the US Geological Survey, the Pennington, NJ 08534 Water Quality Portal is now available online. Released last year, it provides “one- stop shopping” for access to water quality data collected across the country by Phone: (609) 737-3735 Fax: (609) 737-3075 national, state, and local government agencies, utilities, academia, and nonprofit www.thewatershed.org organizations—including the Stony Brook-Millstone Watershed Association! Rather than visiting multiple websites, you can find physical, chemical, and bio- For questions about how to get logical data all in one place. There are over 2 million sites stored in the portal involved in the StreamWatch with over 200 million data records. StreamWatch data is uploaded to the site on Volunteer Water Monitoring a quarterly basis. Program, contact Erin Stretz at 609-737-3735 x17 or [email protected]. To access the data, visit the Water Quality Portal web- site at www.waterqualitydata.us. From there, you can download data according to a multi- tude of parameters—county, watershed, geographical coordinates, sampling parameters, and date, among others. Data is available to be displayed in a navigable map format or database. A user guide, located at http://www.waterqualitydata.us/portal_userguide.jsp can be useful as you navigate through the site the first few times. If you have any questions about the site or how to utilize the data, please contact StreamWatch Coordinator Erin Stretz at [email protected]. The StreamWatcher Page 1 Winter 2013 ANNOUNCEMENTS Breaking Ground on our Bold Vision The Watershed Association has broken ground on our new building! It will provide state-of-the-art classrooms, a laboratory, interactive ex- hibits, computer learning center, conference rooms, and new offices. The building has been designed to reach LEED Platinum certification and will model innovative sustainable strategies such as: Geothermal Heating and Cooling Green Roof Photovoltaic Panels Passive Solar Daylighting Solar Hot Water System Rainwater Harvesting Rain Garden Wetlands-Based Wastewater Treatment System A new laboratory will help to catapult Stay tuned for updates on construction! StreamWatch into the next generation - WHAT’S BUGGING YOU? - HOW DOES ROAD SALTING AFFECT WATERWAYS? It is the snowy season now, a particularly heavy one so far, and ice can cause havoc for travelers on roads and side- walks. Of course, it is important to keep people safe on slippery roads. This is often done by applying road salt to roads and sidewalks. Road salt is made of sodium chloride and is used to lower the melting point of ice. It is a quick cheap fix, but can have long-term effects that are expensive to remediate. Road salt doesn’t just disappear after the snow melts. It flows with the melting water into the closest waterway and can greatly disrupt freshwater ecosystems. In high quantities, salt can become toxic for aquatic life that is adapted for fresh- water, changing the organisms’ ability to regulate fluid. This can cause die-offs of plankton, fish, amphibians, and aquatic plants. It can alter the seasonal mixing of lakes and ponds, creating an oxygen-depleted dead zone at the bottom. Excess Most road salt makes its way into sodium can also enter drinking water sources, eventually making its way to our streams and rivers. Photo by Ken Bent. tap. Continued on page 3... The StreamWatcher Page 2 Winter 2013 Continued from page 2…. Since the use of salt for deicing roads began in the 1930’s, its application has increased to over 20 million tons across the United States each year. Freshwater systems typically contain between 1-100 parts per million (ppm) chloride, while the EPA suggests that 230 ppm chloride is considered the upper limit for a healthy waterway. In a 2009 study by the U.S. Geological Survey, more than 40% of northern streams, rivers, and lakes exceeded this criteria for chloride from 1991-2004. High chloride levels are even more common in urban areas with more roads and parking lots. The USGS determined road deicing to be the main cause. There are alternatives to road salt that can be used in deicing applications. It is possible to replace salt with sand, cal- cium chloride, corn-based deicers, and even beet juice. Public Works Departments can also use road salt in a better- way by applying salt before snow begins, pre-wetting the salt, varying the amount of salt applied according to the truck’s speed, and/or stopping the continuous flow of salt while trucks are waiting at a stoplight. None of these alter- natives are without their own pollution issues, so the best method for deicing is still up for debate. However, there is definitely room for improvement. Source: Mullaney, J.R., Lorenz, D.L., Arntson, A.D., 2009, Chloride in groundwater and surface water in areas underlain by the glacial aquifer system, northern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009–5086, 41 p. You can read the report here. Have a question? Email StreamWatch Program Coordinator Erin Stretz to get an answer! HOW SAFE IS YOUR STREAM? AUGUST AND NOVEMBER 2013 E. COLI MONITORING RESULTS The table below lists the StreamWatch bacteria monitoring sites and whether or not they met the state standard for E. coli on our testing dates, August 5 and November 4. To meet the state standard for a single sample, meaning the bac- teria levels are low enough for safe recreation in the water, there should be less than 235 colonies per 100 milliliters of sample water. When a site does not meet the standard, it is usually just after a rainfall. It is recommended to stay out of waterways for 2-3 days after rainstorms. There was a very light sprinkle two days before the August sample and ap- proximately one-third inch of rain three days prior to the November sample. In general, E. coli counts were higher in November, with the exception of the Pike Run site. Pike Run exceeded the E. coli criteria in August, while Honey Brook Pond exceeded in November. AVG. # OF COLONIES / 100 ML OF WATER SITE NAME LOCATION AUGUST 5 NOVEMBER 4 CL2 Carnegie Lake, downstream from Millstone River 10 40 HCB1 Heathcote Brook, at Red Roof Inn on New Road N/A 0 HL1 Honey Lake, at Elm Ridge Park N/A 90 HO2 Honey Brook Pond, on SBMWA property 60 500 PR1 Pike Run, at Montgomery Park 770 40 SB2 Stony Brook, at Province Line Road 60 80 SB4 Stony Brook, at Pennington-Rocky Hill Road 70 160 The StreamWatcher Page 3 Winter 2013 HOW HEALTHY IS YOUR STREAM? SUMMER/FALL 2013 MACROINVERTEBRATE MONITORING RESULTS Biological monitoring can help us understand the health of our streams. Water quality ratings from aquatic benthic macroinverte- brate collections are based on a combination of the following pa- rameters: the organisms’ tolerance to pollution; the number of differ- ent families in the sample; the number of families and individual or- ganisms belonging to the orders Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Plecop- tera (stoneflies), and Trichoptera (caddisflies) - referred to as the EPT orders; and the percent dominance of one family. Scores are given for each of these parameters and are summed to obtain a New Jersey Impairment Score (NJIS) for each site. Fingernet Caddisfly Larva In general, a non-impaired stream, scoring above 24, has a higher di- Family: Philopotamidae Photo by Steve Solada versity of families, organisms with low tolerances to pollution (those generally belonging to EPT orders), and a low percent dominance, which is an indicator of diversity. A moderately impaired stream, scoring between 9-21, may be experiencing lower species diversity due to a lack of diverse habitat. A severely impaired stream, scoring 6 or less, is generally dominated by few species with a high tolerance of pollution. Causes of pollution in our streams include runoff containing high amounts of fertilizers, pesticides, oil, sediment, and/or pet waste. New Jersey Impairment Score for StreamWatch BAT Sites SITE LOCATION SUMMER 2013 FALL 2013 BB1 Big Bear Brook, at Cranbury Rd. 18 6 BD3 Beden Brook, at Great Rd. 27 Too few to analyze BD4 Beden Brook, at Aunt Molly Rd. 24 24 BK1 Back Brook, at Bridgepoint Rd. 15 12 CB2 Cranbury Brook, at N. Main St. 15 15 SB1 Stony Brook, at Rt. 206 15 21 SB2 Stony Brook, at Province Line Rd. 24 18 SB3 Stony Brook, at Pretty Brook Rd. Too few to analyze 24 SB4 Stony Brook, at Pennington-Rocky Hill Rd. 9 15 SB5 Stony Brook, near Mine Rd.