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Environmental Resources Inventory for the Township and Borough of Princeton

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Environmental Resources Inventory for the Township and Borough of Princeton PRINCETON ERI The Delaware Valley Regional Planning The symbol in our logo is adapted from the official DVRPC seal and is designed as a Commission is dedicated to uniting the stylized image of the Delaware Valley. The region’s elected officials, planning outer ring symbolizes the region as a whole, professionals, and the public with the while the diagonal bar signifies the Delaware common vision of making a great region River. The two adjoining crescents represent even greater. Shaping the way we live, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the State of New Jersey. work, and play, DVRPC builds consensus on improving transportation, DVRPC is funded by a variety of funding promoting smart growth, protecting the sources, including federal grants from the environment, and enhancing the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) economy. We serve a diverse region of and Federal Transit Administration (FTA), nine counties: Bucks, Chester, Delaware, the Pennsylvania and New Jersey Montgomery, and Philadelphia in departments of transportation, as well Pennsylvania; and Burlington, Camden, as by DVRPC’s state and local member Gloucester, and Mercer in New Jersey. governments. This ERI was also funded by ANJEC’s Smart Growth Assistance Program, DVRPC is the federally designated supported by the Geraldine R. Dodge Metropolitan Planning Organization for Foundation. The authors, however, are solely the Greater Philadelphia Region— responsible for the findings and conclusions leading the way to a better future. herein, which may not represent the official views or policies of the funding agencies. DVRPC fully complies with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and related statutes and regulations in all programs and activities. DVRPC’s website may be translated into Spanish, Russian, and Traditional Chinese online by visiting www.dvrpc.org. Publications and other public documents can be made available in alternative languages and formats, if requested. For more information, please call (215) 238-2871. i PRINCETON ERI TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................................. i LIST OF MAPS.............................................................................................................iv LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................................iv LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................................................................vii INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 BRIEF TOWNSHIP AND BOROUGH HISTORY ............................................................... 3 PRINCETON LOCATION, SIZE, AND LAND USE ............................................................ 7 PHYSIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................17 The Piedmont Plateau......................................................................................................................17 TOPOGRAPHY AND SURFACE LANDSCAPES ............................................................17 Steep Slopes...................................................................................................................................19 CLIMATE .................................................................................................................21 Precipitation and Storm Events .........................................................................................................23 Growing Seasons............................................................................................................................24 SOILS......................................................................................................................25 Soil Quality Classification ................................................................................................................26 Prime Farmland Soils.......................................................................................................................30 Soils of Statewide Importance...........................................................................................................30 Soils of Local Importance.................................................................................................................31 Other Soils .....................................................................................................................................31 Hydric Soils ....................................................................................................................................31 Soil Series.......................................................................................................................................32 SURFACE WATER RESOURCES ................................................................................... 45 WATERSHEDS..........................................................................................................45 Millstone River Watershed................................................................................................................45 Stony Brook Watershed....................................................................................................................46 STREAMS.................................................................................................................47 DELAWARE AND RARITAN CANAL ............................................................................48 LAKES AND PONDS .................................................................................................50 WETLANDS..............................................................................................................50 Agricultural Wetlands ......................................................................................................................52 Vernal Pools ...................................................................................................................................55 FLOODPLAINS ........................................................................................................56 SURFACE WATER QUALITY ........................................................................................ 63 PRINCETON’S STREAM DESIGNATIONS AND CATEGORY ONE BUFFERS ..................64 NEW JERSEY’S INTEGRATED WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT REPORT...................................................................................................................65 Princeton Environmental Resource Inventory i PRINCETONPRINCETON ERI ERI WATER QUALITY MONITORING NETWORKS............................................................68 Ambient Stream Monitoring Network ................................................................................................68 Ambient Biomonitoring Network.......................................................................................................69 Other Water Quality Monitoring Networks ........................................................................................72 TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOADS...............................................................................73 CAUSES OF WATER QUALITY IMPAIRMENTS.............................................................73 Stormwater Runoff and Impervious Cover..........................................................................................73 Inadequate Stream Buffers ...............................................................................................................76 Point Sources of Pollution ................................................................................................................77 WATER QUALITY SUMMARY .....................................................................................78 GROUNDWATER ...................................................................................................... 79 AQUIFERS AND GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS ..........................................................79 Stockton Formation .........................................................................................................................80 Lockatong Formation ......................................................................................................................80 Passaic Formation...........................................................................................................................80 Jurassic Diabase Formation .............................................................................................................80 DRINKING WATER SUPPLY .......................................................................................81 WELLHEAD PROTECTION AREAS AND WATER SUPPLY WELLS ....................................86 GROUNDWATER RECHARGE ...................................................................................86 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES......................................................................................... 91 NATURAL VEGETATION ...........................................................................................91 Wetlands........................................................................................................................................92 Upland Forests................................................................................................................................94
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