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Regionalized Water-Budget Manual for Compensatory Wetland Mitigation Sites in New Jersey

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Regionalized Water-Budget Manual for Compensatory Wetland Mitigation Sites in New Jersey Regionalized Water Budget Manual for Compensatory Wetland Mitigation Sites in New Jersey State of New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Jon Corzine, Governor Lisa P. Jackson, Commissioner Disclaimer In addition to describing technical aspects of the hydrologic budget and related considerations for wetland mitigation site design, parts of this manual describe specific recommendations and requirements for the preparation of water budgets for wetland mitigation sites in New Jersey. These recommendations and requirements are strictly a matter of NJDEP policy and do not necessarily reflect the policy or opinion of any other organization or contributor. 1 Contents Disclaimer ....................................................................................................................... 1 Abstract ........................................................................................................................... 9 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 10 Purpose and Scope....................................................................................................... 11 Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................... 11 PART I: Background Information for Wetland Mitigation in New Jersey........................ 14 Wetland Definition and Regulation ................................................................................ 15 Growing Season............................................................................................................ 16 Wetland Hydrologic Characteristics............................................................................... 18 Physiographic Regions in New Jersey .......................................................................... 19 Valley and Ridge ........................................................................................................... 21 New England (Highlands).............................................................................................. 22 Piedm ont ....................................................................................................................... 23 Coastal Plain ................................................................................................................. 24 Inner Coastal Plain........................................................................................................ 24 Outer Coastal Plain ....................................................................................................... 25 Wetland Types and their Hydrologic Functions ............................................................. 25 Geomorphic Setting....................................................................................................... 27 Depressional Wetlands ................................................................................................. 27 Extensive Peatlands...................................................................................................... 28 Riverine Wetlands ......................................................................................................... 28 Fringe Wetlands ............................................................................................................ 28 2 Ground-Water Slope Wetlands ..................................................................................... 28 Water Source and Transport ......................................................................................... 29 Precipitation .................................................................................................................. 29 Surface or Near-Surface Flow....................................................................................... 29 Ground Water................................................................................................................ 30 Hydrodynamics ............................................................................................................. 30 Vertical Fluctuations...................................................................................................... 30 Unidirectional Horizontal Flow....................................................................................... 30 Bidirectional Flow .......................................................................................................... 31 Mitigation Site Selection ................................................................................................ 31 Reference Sites............................................................................................................. 32 Geographic Information System (GIS) Assessment for Mitigation Site Selection.......... 33 Case Studies................................................................................................................. 35 Case Study A ................................................................................................................ 36 Case Study B ................................................................................................................ 36 Case Study C ................................................................................................................ 37 Additional Points ........................................................................................................... 38 Summary....................................................................................................................... 38 PART II: Developing a Water Budget............................................................................ 40 Water Budget ................................................................................................................ 41 Water-Budget Requirements......................................................................................... 45 Inputs and Outputs........................................................................................................ 46 Precipitation .................................................................................................................. 47 3 Data Sources ................................................................................................................ 47 Data Methods................................................................................................................ 48 Water-Budget Steps...................................................................................................... 50 Surface Water ............................................................................................................... 51 Data Sources ................................................................................................................ 51 Data Methods................................................................................................................ 53 Non-Channelized Flow.................................................................................................. 53 Channelized Flow.......................................................................................................... 55 Water-Budget Steps...................................................................................................... 59 Ground Water................................................................................................................ 59 Darcy’s Law................................................................................................................... 60 Data Methods................................................................................................................ 62 Soil Borings and Test Pits ............................................................................................. 62 Ground-Water Wells and Piezometers.......................................................................... 63 Section of Flow.............................................................................................................. 64 Water-Table Maps......................................................................................................... 65 Infiltrometers ................................................................................................................. 66 Permeameters............................................................................................................... 67 Aquifer and Slug Tests.................................................................................................. 68 Bouwer and Rice Slug-Test Method.............................................................................. 70 Numerical Ground-Water Flow Models ......................................................................... 71 MODFLOW.................................................................................................................................. 72 Relating Water-Level Data from Long-Term Monitoring Wells to Water-Level Data Collected On-Site .......................................................................................................... 74 4 Data Sources ................................................................................................................ 74 Water-Budget Steps...................................................................................................... 76 Evapotranspiration .......................................................................................................
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