Carpals ...:::::::L!!:L'ti"'...Types Ofsynovial Joints

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Figure 6.21 Types of synovial joints. first metacarpal Ball-and-Socket carpals ...:::::::l!!:l'ti"'.... Pivot ...- Hinge Types ofSynovial Joints joint between the proximal ends of the radius and ulna, and the joint between the atlas and axis. Different types of freely movable joints are listed here and de- Hinge joint. The conve..x surface of one bone articulates with picted in Figure 6.2L the concave surface of another. Up-and-down motion in Saddle joint. Each bone is saddle-shaped and fits into the one plane is possible. Examples: the elbow and knee complementary regions of the other. A variety of joints. movements are possible. Example: the joint between the Gliding joint. Flat or slightly curved surfaces of bones carpal and metacarpal bones of the thumb. articulate. Sliding or twisting in various planes is Ball-and-socket joint. The ball-shaped head of one bone fits possible. Examples: the joints between the bones of the into the cup-shaped socket of another. Movement in all wrist and between the bones of the ankle. planes, as well as rotation, are possible. Examples: the Condyloid joint. The oval-shaped condyle of one bone fits shoulder and hip joints. into the elliptical cavity of another. Movement in Pivot joint. A small, cylindrical projection of one bone different planes is possible, but rotation is not. Examples: pivots within the ring formed of bone and ligament of the joints between the metacarpals and phalanges. another bone. Only Totation is possible. E;mmples: the 23 . Chapter 6 The Skeletal System .

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Joints Classification of Joints
Joints Classification of Joints . Functional classification (Focuses on amount of movement) . Synarthroses (immovable joints) . Amphiarthroses (slightly movable joints) . Diarthroses (freely movable joints) . Structural classification (Based on the material binding them and presence or absence of a joint cavity) . Fibrous mostly synarthroses . Cartilagenous mostly amphiarthroses . Synovial diarthroses Table of Joint Types Functional across Synarthroses Amphiarthroses Diarthroses (immovable joints) (some movement) (freely movable) Structural down Bony Fusion Synostosis (frontal=metopic suture; epiphyseal lines) Fibrous Suture (skull only) Syndesmoses Syndesmoses -fibrous tissue is -ligaments only -ligament longer continuous with between bones; here, (example: radioulnar periosteum short so some but not interosseous a lot of movement membrane) (example: tib-fib Gomphoses (teeth) ligament) -ligament is periodontal ligament Cartilagenous Synchondroses Sympheses (bone united by -hyaline cartilage -fibrocartilage cartilage only) (examples: (examples: between manubrium-C1, discs, pubic epiphyseal plates) symphesis Synovial Are all diarthrotic Fibrous joints . Bones connected by fibrous tissue: dense regular connective tissue . No joint cavity . Slightly immovable or not at all . Types . Sutures . Syndesmoses . Gomphoses Sutures . Only between bones of skull . Fibrous tissue continuous with periosteum . Ossify and fuse in middle age: now technically called “synostoses”= bony junctions Syndesmoses . In Greek: “ligament” . Bones connected by ligaments only . Amount of movement depends on length of the fibers: longer than in sutures Gomphoses . Is a “peg-in-socket” . Only example is tooth with its socket . Ligament is a short periodontal ligament Cartilagenous joints . Articulating bones united by cartilage . Lack a joint cavity . Not highly movable . Two types . Synchondroses (singular: synchondrosis) . Sympheses (singular: symphesis) Synchondroses . Literally: “junction of cartilage” . Hyaline cartilage unites the bones . Immovable (synarthroses) .
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