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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04344-2 - Religious Networks in the Roman Empire: The Spread of New Ideas Anna Collar Index More information Index Acmonia (Phrygia), 182, 190–1, 194, 237, 258 Atargatis, 81, 87, 90–1, 97 Acts of the Apostles, 158, 160, 211, 222, 227, 230, Athens, 116, 173–5, 179, 186, 191, 210, 212, 216, 231, 233–5, 239, 252, 255, 261–2, 275, 285 224, 249, 253, 261, 264, 271, 274, 282 Aelia Capitolina, 146, 159, 256 Athribis (Egypt), 174, 245 Aesica (Great Chesters), 114 Aurelian, 52, 144 Agrigentum, 192 Aurelius Theoteknos, 110, 117 Aleppo, 81–3, 85–6 auspices, 57 Alexander, 42, 83, 112, 150, 191, 245, 248–9 Alexandria, 156, 193, 203 Baetica, 34, 141 Ameling, Walter, 60, 66, 148, 153–5, 161, 164–5, Balaclava (Chersonesus Taurica), 99, 107, 125 170–2, 181–2, 185, 222, 238, 268 Bar Kokhba, 102, 104, 146–7, 150, 177, 179–80, Amphiareion, 173, 175 212, 219, 222–3, 226, 248, 256, 289 angels, 183, 187, 246, 262, 267–8 Beirut, 186, 200, 203 aniconism, 149, 151, 224–5, 229, 241, 264 Belgia, 98, 141 Antioch, 83–4, 110, 137, 144, 160, 164, 202–3, 211, Bentley, R. Alexander, 31–2, 36–7, 39, 288 217 Beth She’arim, 170, 186–7, 194, 197, 199–200, Antioch in Pisidia, 202, 210, 234 203 Antiochos III, 150 Bithynia, 199–200, 210, 212–14, 253, 283 Antoninus Pius, 43, 99, 107, 137, 267 Black Sea, 52, 99, 173, 175, 210, 212–14, 237, 245, Apamea (Phrygia), 184, 199, 258 252–4, 256, 274, 283–4 Aphrodisias, 190, 226, 234–5, 238, 282, 285, 309 Brescia, 208 Apocalypse of Baruch, 163, 177 Briault, Camilla, 67, 76 Apollo, 90–1, 115, 175, 267 Brigetio, 103–4, 106, 112, 115, 141 apotheosis, 45–6 Britannia, 79, 99, 110, 114, 122, 124–5, 136, 140–1 Apulum, 99, 101, 110–12, 116, 125, 136–8, 141, Broodbank, Cyprian, 27–9, 33, 38, 160 266, 271, 282 Brusciano (Campania), 188, 197 Aquae Balissae (Pannonia Superior), 116, 138 Byblos, 191, 200, 203 Aquileia, 173, 208 Aquincum, 104–5, 112, 124, 141–2, 189 Caesarea (Judaea), 122, 136, 188, 201, 203 Aramaeans, 86 Caius Julius Marinus, 109, 114 Aramaic, 83, 147, 166, 171, 187, 189, 197–200, Calabria, 209, 215, 265, 272 222, 233 Cape Maleus, 50 Argos, 182, 184 Cappadocia, 97, 122, 180, 210 aristocracy, 43–4, 50, 66 Caracalla, 44, 89 Aschaffenburg (Germania Superior), 103, 115 Carchemish, 82–3 Asia Minor, 33, 52, 60, 67, 117, 145, 150, 153, 157, Caria, 174, 210, 234, 240, 245, 247–8, 250, 267, 164, 170, 174, 176, 180, 184, 186, 189–90, 271, 274–5, 282–3 192, 194–6, 199, 202–4, 207, 210, 212–13, Carian, 210 216, 224–5, 237, 240, 252–3, 255, 259, Carnuntum, 99, 101, 105–7, 115, 125, 136–8, 140 267–8, 270–1, 275, 283–4 Carrhae (Harran), 83–5 Assyrians, 82, 149 Carthage, 189, 209, 213 316 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04344-2 - Religious Networks in the Roman Empire: The Spread of New Ideas Anna Collar Index More information Index 317 Cassius Dio, 44, 103, 162 Delphi, 57, 173–4, 260 Catania (Sicily), 182–3, 189, 199, 213 determinism, 29 Caunos (Caria), 174–5, 249 Deuteronomy, 151, 190, 193 Chalcedon, 189, 198–9, 210, 212 Diocletian, 144 Chersonesus Taurica, 110 Dion (Macedonia), 260 Chester, 115 directionality, 30 Childe, Gordon, 23, 313 disease, 12, 14, 58, 60, 72–3, 102, 111, 143–4, 238 Chios, 203, 210 Docimeion, 192, 197, 214 Christianity, 37–8, 41, 60–4, 68–71, 73, 86, 94, Doliche, 79–81, 83–6, 88–91, 98–9, 104–7, 109, 136, 143, 148, 154, 161–4, 166–7, 169–70, 117, 122, 125, 136–7, 139, 143–4 181–3, 186, 191, 194, 213, 220–3, 238–9, Domitian, 157, 159, 178, 196, 255 248, 259–60, 265, 268, 285 Dorylaion (Phrygia), 122, 187, 214 Cicero, 50, 53, 253 Drijvers, Jan, 87, 158–9 Cilicia, 51, 202–3, 210–11, 213, 275 Druids, 63 Codex Theodosianus, 163 Dura Europus, 46, 48, 97–9, 103, 107, 109–10, colonisation, 30, 51, 59, 92 117, 122, 136, 187, 199, 200, 202, 211–12, Commagene, 84, 89, 109, 111, 137 214, 234, 258, 266 Antiochus I, 85 Durkheim, Emile, 8 Complexity, 27, 31 Durostorum (Moesia Inferior), 104, 106 connectivity, 1, 4, 7, 11, 16, 19–21, 25, 27, 30–1, 35–7, 92, 122–3, 169, 207, 211, 213–14, Eboracum (York), 112 222, 275, 285, 287, 290 Edessa (Macedonia), 245, 247, 252 Constantinople, 167, 214–15, 271 Edessa (Mesopotamia), 84, 159, 211, 274 Corinth, 191, 264, 271 Egypt, 42, 48, 52, 103, 105, 141, 144, 149–53, Corycus, 154, 170, 182, 187, 190, 192, 200, 202, 156–7, 159, 164–5, 172–3, 175, 178, 185, 213 187, 204, 207, 211–13, 217, 241, 244–6, Cos, 177, 187, 213, 237, 267 249, 256, 266, 269, 271, 274–5, 282 Cotiaeum (Phrygia), 261 El Elyon, 176, 224, 227, 241 Crete, 33, 77, 191, 210, 250, 252–3, 259, 263, 271, Elagabalus, 110 274, 283, 290 Elephantine, 151, 157 cults Emesa, 202, 208, 271 funerary, 55 Ephesus, 58, 190, 200, 210 priests, 63, 98, 123, 137, 139, 142, 227, 237, 245, epigraphic habit, 39, 66, 92, 98, 113, 165, 169–70, 252–3, 259 225, 255, 282, 284–5 religious marketplace, 60, 161 epigraphy (methodology), 64–7 sacrifice, 46, 55–6, 65, 70, 151, 264 Epiphanius of Salamis, 251 Cumont, Franz, 54, 79, 89, 92–3, 108, 111 epitaphs, 160, 170, 178, 182, 184, 187, 189–91, cursus publicus, 48 200, 203, 231 Cybele, 60, 71 ethnicity, 4, 24, 30, 77, 82, 95, 108, 139, 146–50, Cyclades, 28, 33, 160 159, 161, 165–6, 169, 172–6, 178, 180, 182, Cyprus, 164, 174–5, 178, 187, 191, 197, 199, 211, 185, 193, 218, 220, 222, 226, 241, 244, 257, 213, 244, 247, 253, 256, 259, 263, 266, 285, 289 271, 274–5 Euphrates, 82, 84, 107, 114 Cyrenaica, 103–4, 174, 178, 187, 211–13, 256, 266 exogamy, 160 Cyril of Alexandria, 239, 254 Cyzicus, 193, 199, 215 Fayoum (Egypt), 246, 274 Feriale Duranum, 46 Dacia, 89, 93, 97, 99, 104–5, 108–12, 114, 116, freedmen, 50, 65, 93, 96, 142, 144, 173–4, 178, 123–5, 136–7, 140–1, 144, 259, 266, 271, 200, 232, 252, 260, 265 282, 288 functionalism, 8, 16, 25, 60 Dalmatia, 93, 123, 125, 141, 188, 194, 203, 210 Damascus, 81, 173, 201 Galatia, 283 Dea Syria, 60, 79–80, 85, 90 Gaul, 50–1, 144 Delos, 174–6, 179, 201, 210, 212, 226, 244–5, Genesis, 185 247–8, 250–1, 261, 271, 274, 282–4 Gerizim, Mount, 248–50 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04344-2 - Religious Networks in the Roman Empire: The Spread of New Ideas Anna Collar Index More information 318 Index Germania Inferior, 104, 125, 136, 140 identity Germania Superior, 97–8, 103, 109–10, 114–15, elite, 95 124, 140, 209 religious, 41, 172, 229 GIS, 34, 290 social, 7, 14, 24, 147 globalisation, 2, 24, 26, 36, 42–3, 50 social status, 7, 17–18, 50, 54, 62, 65–6, 71, 77, God-fearers, 161, 163, 173, 225–7, 230, 233–40, 94–5, 161, 261 244, 247, 253–8, 261, 263–6, 269, 285, Imperial Cult, 39, 43, 45–6, 58–9, 64, 237 288 India, 52 phoboumenoi, 235 innovation, 4, 6–7, 14–26, 35, 37, 72, 75, 111, 114, sebomenoi, 235, 240, 262 123, 165, 213, 285, 288 theosebeis, 225, 232–3, 235–9, 254, 265 innovation theory Goodman, Martin, 60, 161–3, 172, 176–8, 230 diffusion, 18 Gorgippia, 173, 252–5, 263 early adopters, 17–21, 23, 25, 111 Gortyn (Crete), 191, 258, 263 innovators, 17–18, 23, 25, 111 Gospel of Matthew, 162–3 legitimisation, 22–3 graffiti, 184–5, 187, 190–1, 200 thresholds, 14, 19–21, 32, 71 Granovetter, Mark, 10, 12, 111 vulnerability, 7, 14–16, 19–21, 24–5, 145, 166, Greece, 33, 62, 145, 159, 164, 173–4, 185, 194, 180, 222, 232 203–4, 207, 210, 212–13, 224, 240, 249, Ionia, 210, 213, 275, 282, 283 255, 270–1, 274–5, 282–3 Isis, 41, 60, 80, 94 Gregory of Nazianzus, 239, 286 Italy, 43, 49, 93, 116, 123, 125, 136, 142, 145, 171, Gruppenreligionen, 61 178, 183, 192–4, 197, 203, 207, 209–10, 212–14, 235, 250, 265, 267 Hadad, 80–1, 83–4, 86–7, 89–90, 97 Iulia Concordia, 116, 142, 202, 208 Hadrian, 43, 48, 99, 102, 105, 125, 137, 159, 248–9, 256, 266 Jaffa, 203 Hadrian’s Wall, 49, 66, 79, 91, 99, 115, 122, 124 Jews, Judaism, 57, 60, 62, 146, 148–3, 157, 160–3, Hebrew, 147–8, 155–6, 166–8, 171, 176, 180–200, 165, 167, 172, 178, 180, 224–9, 234, 202, 205, 208, 212–13, 222, 224, 226–7, 238–40, 246–60, 262–3, 266–7, 269, 230, 233 271–2, 274–5, 282–3, 284, 300 Helios, 253–5, 258, 266 appeal to elites, 157–8 henotheism, 225, 228 appeal to women, 161 Herod Antipas, 175 archisynagogues, 171, 190, 193, 197, 199, 202, Herod the Great, 175 260, 266 Hezser, Catherine, 49, 195–6, 201 archons, 188, 190–1, 198–200, 232, 260 Hierapolis (Phrygia), 50, 170, 187, 190–200, 202 Babylon, 146–7, 150–1, 164, 167, 205, 229, Hierapolis (Syria), 81, 83–5, 87, 90–1, 97, 99, 136 256 Hispania, 116, 122, 145, 164, 193, 207 book of Ezra, 159 Hittites, 80, 82, 86, 89 circumcision, 149, 155, 159, 163, 233, 236, 249 Hosios kai Dikaios, 269 Diaspora, 4, 146–9, 157, 164–5, 168, 204, 220, Hydrantum (Calabria), 188, 202, 207, 213 222, 224, 241, 265, 270–1, 274, 282–5, 289 Hypsistos etrog, 181, 183, 186–91, 198 alone, 225, 241, 258, 262 fiscus Judaicus, 178, 200, 224, 226, 230, association with eagle, 255, 263 239–40, 244, 256, 268–9, 285, 288 association with healing, 253, 259, 262, 267, gentiles, 155–9, 161, 163–4, 167, 176, 183, 217, 269, 289 226, 228–30, 232, 235, 239, 244, 249, dedication of lamps, 262–3 256–7, 262, 265–6, 284–5, 288 female dedicants, 259 gerousia, 171, 198 Theos, 3–4, 97, 145, 176, 224–8, 230, 237–41, gerousiarchs, 171, 184, 188, 200, 202 244–8, 251–9, 261–8, 270–1, 284–6, 288 grammateus, 198–200 Zeus, 225, 245–53, 255, 258, 260–1, 264, 266–8, halakhah, 147–8, 163, 166–7, 169, 179–81, 195, 274 205, 223, 244 Hebraisation, 148, 166–7, 182, 186, 188–9, Iasos, 201, 240, 245, 261, 274, 283 192–4, 200, 203, 205, 212–13, 215–16, 219, Ibiza, 207, 211–12 222, 236, 239, 256–7 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge