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Religious Confluences Between East and West in the Roman Empire Orientalische Religionen in der Antike Ägypten, Israel, Alter Orient Oriental Religions in Antiquity Egypt, Israel, Ancient Near East (ORA) Herausgegeben von / Edited by Angelika Berlejung (Leipzig) Joachim Friedrich Quack (Heidelberg) Annette Zgoll (Göttingen) 22 Entangled Worlds: Religious Confluences between East and West in the Roman Empire The Cults of Isis, Mithras, and Jupiter Dolichenus Edited by Svenja Nagel, Joachim Friedrich Quack, and Christian Witschel Mohr Siebeck SVENJA NAGEL, born 1984; studied Egyptology and Classical Archaeology; 2015 PhD; since 2016 Research Associate at the Institutes of Egyptology of Wuerzburg University and Heidelberg University. JOACHIM FRIEDRICH QUACK, born 1966; studied Egyptology, Semitics and Biblical Archaeology; 1993 PhD; 2003 Habilitation; since 2005 Full Professor of Egyptology at Heidelberg University. CHRISTIAN WITSCHEL, born 1966; studied Ancient and Modern History, Prehistoric and Classical Archaeo- logy; 1998 PhD; 2004 Habilitation; since 2005 Full Professor of Ancient History at Heidelberg University. Published with financial support from the Cluster of Excellence “Asia and Europe in a Global Context”. ISBN 978-3-16-154730-0 / eISBN 978-3-16-154731-7 ISSN 1869-0513 (Orientalische Religionen in der Antike) Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2017 by Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, Germany. www.mohr.de This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher’s written permission. This applies particularly to reproductions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was printed by Gulde Druck in Tübingen on non-aging paper and bound by Buchbinderei Spinner in Ottersweier. Printed in Germany. Table of Contents General Abbreviations .............................................................................................. IX Joachim Friedrich Quack and Christian Witschel Introduction: Religious Confluences in the Roman Empire; or: Why ‘Oriental Cults’ Again? ...................................................................................... 1 I The Concept of ‘Oriental Cults’ in Recent Debates Jaime Alvar The ‘Romanization’ of ‘Oriental Cults’ ................................................................... 23 Julietta Steinhauer Osiris mystes und Isis orgia – Gab es ‚Mysterien‘ der ägyptischen Gottheiten? .... 47 II Origins and Diffusion of ‘Oriental Cults’ within the Imperium Romanum: The Case of Jupiter Dolichenus Engelbert Winter The Cult of Jupiter Dolichenus and its Origins. The Sanctuary at Dülük Baba Tepesi near Doliche .............................................................................. 79 Michael Blömer The Cult of Jupiter Dolichenus in the East ............................................................... 96 Mihály Loránd Dészpa Jupiter Optimus Maximus Dolichenus and the Re-Imagination of the Empire: Religious Dynamics, Social Integration, and Imperial Narratives ......................... 113 III Expanding from Egypt into Globality: The Case of Isis and Osiris Ian S. Moyer The Hymns of Isidorus at Medinet Madi: Global Currents in a Local Context ..... 182 Svenja Nagel One for All and All for One? Isis as una quae es(t) omnia in the Egyptian Temples of the Graeco-Roman Period .................................................... 207 VI Martin Andreas Stadler New Light on the Universality of Isis (pVienna D. 6297+6329+10101) ............... 232 Joachim Friedrich Quack Resting in Pieces and Integrating the Oikoumene. On the Mental Expansion of the Religious Landscape by Means of the Body Parts of Osiris ........................ 244 IV The Visual Conceptualization of ‘Oriental Gods’ Miguel John Versluys Egypt as Part of the Roman koine: Mnemohistory and the Iseum Campense in Rome ................................................................................................................... 274 Darius Frackowiak Mithräische Bilderwelten. Eine Untersuchung zu ausgewählten ikonographischen Elementen im römischen Mithraskult ....................................... 294 Ralf Krumeich Zwischen Orient und Okzident. Bilder des Jupiter Dolichenus und der Juno Regina aus dem Osten und Westen des Römischen Reiches ......................... 329 V Changing Forms of Sacred Space, Sanctuaries and Rituals Kathrin Kleibl An Audience in Search of a Theatre – The Staging of the Divine in the Sanctuaries of Graeco-Egyptian Gods .................................................................... 353 Florence Saragoza Exploring Walls: On Sacred Space in the Pompeian Iseum ................................... 372 Andreas Hensen Templa et spelaea Mithrae. Unity and Diversity in the Topography, Architecture and Design of Sanctuaries in the Cult of Mithras ................................................... 384 Richard Gordon From East to West: Staging Religious Experience in the Mithraic Temple ........... 413 VII List of Contributors ................................................................................................ 443 Index of Sources ..................................................................................................... 447 Index of Names ....................................................................................................... 460 Plates ............................................................................................................ I–LXXXV Colour Plates ......................................................................................................... I–VII List of General Abbreviations Used Throughout the Volume Latin sources are cited by using the short titles of the Index of the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae. Greek sources are in general cited by using the short titles in the Greek-English Lexicon of LIDDELL, H. G./SCOTT, R./JONES, H. S. Epigraphic Corpora of Greek and Latin inscriptions are cited according to the list of abbreviations in F. BÉRARD et al., Guide de l’épigraphiste. Bibliographie choisie des épigraphies antiques et médiévales, Paris 42010, 19f. (see also http://www.antiquite.ens.fr/IMG/file/pdf_guide_epi/abreviations_guide.pdf); as well as that in the Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum. Papyri are mostly cited by the inventory number of the respective collections, or, for the Greek and Demotic papyri and ostraca, according to the rules presented in OATES, J. F., et al., Checklist of Greek, Latin, Demotic and Coptic Papyri, Ostraca and Tablets; see http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/papyrus/texts/clist.html. For Egyptian papyri, inscriptions and other sources cf. furthermore HELCK, W./WESTENDORF, W. (Eds.), Lexikon der Ägyptologie I, Wiesbaden 1975, XVII–XXXIV; as well as the LGG. CCCA VERMASEREN, M. J., Corpus Cultus Cybelae Attidisque I–VII (EPRO 50), Leiden 1977–89. CCID HÖRIG, M./SCHWERTHEIM, E., Corpus Cultus Iovis Dolicheni (EPRO 106), Leiden 1987. CIMRM VERMASEREN, M. J., Corpus inscriptionum et monumentorum religionis Mithriacae I–II, Den Haag 1956/60. Dend. CHASSINAT, É./DAUMAS, F./CAUVILLE, S., Le temple de Dendara I/III, al- Qāhira 1934/35. Edfou I ROCHEMONTEIX, M. DE CHALVET et al., Le temple d’Edfou I (2ème ed. rev. et corr. par S. CAUVILLE/D. DEVAUCHELLE) (Mémoires publiées par les membres de la Mission Archéologique Française au Caire 10), al- Qāhira 1984–87. Edfou III CHASSINAT, É., Le temple d’Edfou III (Mémoires publiées par les membres de la Mission Archéologique Française au Caire 20), al-Qāhira 1928. EPRO Études préliminaires aux religions orientales dans l’Empire romain. Imperium der Götter Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe (Ed.), Imperium der Götter. Isis – Mithras – Christus. Kulte und Religionen im Römischen Reich. Ausstel- lungskatalog Karlsruhe, Darmstadt 2013. ILSlov I M. LOVENJAK, Inscriptiones Latinae Sloveniae I: Neviodunum, Ljubljana 1998. KRI KITCHEN, K. A., Ramesside Inscriptions I–VIII, Oxford 1975–90. LGG LEITZ, C. (Ed.), Lexikon der ägyptischen Götter und Götterbezeichnungen I–VIII (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 110–116, 129), Leuven 2002/03. PGM PREISENDANZ, K. (Ed.), Papyri Graecae Magicae. Die griechischen Zauberpapyri, Leipzig 1928–41. RGW Religions in the Graeco-Roman World. RIC MATTINGLY, H. et al., The Roman Imperial Coinage I–X, London 1923– 94. RICIS BRICAULT, L., Recueil des inscriptions concernant les cultes isiaques I–III, Paris 2005. RICIS Suppl. I BRICAULT, L., RICIS Supplément I, in: L. BRICAULT (Ed.), Bibliotheca Isiaca I, Bordeaux 2008, 77–130. RICIS Suppl. II BRICAULT, L., RICIS Supplément II, in: L. BRICAULT (Ed.), Bibliotheca Isiaca II, Bordeaux 2011, 273–316. X RICIS Suppl. III BRICAULT, L., RICIS Supplément III, in: L. BRICAULT/R. VEYMIERS (Eds.), Bibliotheca Isiaca III, Bordeaux 2014, 139–195. SIRIS VIDMAN, L., Sylloge inscriptionum religionis Isiacae et Sarapiacae (Religi- onsgeschichtliche Versuche und Vorarbeiten 28), Berlin 1969. SNRIS BRICAULT, L. (Ed.)., Sylloge nummorum religionis Isiacae et Sarapiacae, Paris 2008. SNRIS Suppl. I BRICAULT, L., SNRIS Supplément I, in: L. BRICAULT/R. VEYMIERS (Eds.), Bibliotheca Isiaca III, Bordeaux 2014, 245–284. Wb ERMAN, A./GRAPOW, H., Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache I-VII, Ber- lin 1926–63. JOACHIM FRIEDRICH QUACK / CHRISTIAN WITSCHEL Introduction: Religious Confluences in the Roman Empire; or: Why ‘Oriental Cults’ Again? Why to produce yet another volume on the religious history of the Roman Empire and especially on the so-called ‘oriental cults’?
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