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The Effects of Trauma Found in Toni Morrison's Song Of THE EFFECTS OF TRAUMA FOUND IN TONI MORRISON’S SONG OF SOLOMON A THESIS BY: BALQIS ASTHARINI REG. NO. 100705048 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LITERATURE FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2017 Universitas Sumatera Utara THE EFFECTS OF TRAUMA FOUND IN TONI MORRISON’S SONG OF SOLOMON A THESIS BY: BALQIS ASTHARINI REG. NO. 100705048 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LITERATURE FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2017 Universitas Sumatera Utara THE EFFECTS OF TRAUMA FOUND IN TONI MORRISON’S SONG OF SOLOMON A THESIS BY: BALQIS ASTHARINI REG. NO. 100705048 Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatra Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2017 Universitas Sumatera Utara Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination. Head, Secretary, Dr. H. MuhizarMuchtar, MS. RahmadsyahRangkuti, MA. Ph.D NIP. 19541117198003 1 002 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002 Universitas Sumatera Utara Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan. The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on February, 08, 2017 Dean of Faculty Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S NIP. 19600805 198703 001 Board of Examiners (Signature) Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS ( ) RahmadsyahRangkuti, MA. Ph.D ( ) Universitas Sumatera Utara AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I, BALQIS ASTHARINI, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION. Signed : Date : February 8th, 2017 Universitas Sumatera Utara COPYRIGHT DECLARATION NAME : BALQIS ASTHARINI TITLE OF THESIS : THE EFFECTS OF TRAUMA FOUND IN TONI MORRISON’S SONG OF SOLOMON QUALIFICATION : S-1/ SARJANA SASTRA DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA. Signed : Date : February 8th, 2017 Universitas Sumatera Utara ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, In the name of Allah SWT, the writer would like to say Alhamdulillah. For His blessing, guidance, the power, the chance, all praises are to Allah SWT so that the wr iter can accomplish this thesis. In addition, may Peace and Salutation be given to the prophet Muhammad who has taken all human being from the Darkness to the Lightness. Then, I would like to express my sincere gratitude and aprreciation to those who have helped me in accomplishing my thesis, they are : 1. My beloved parents, alm.Asnawi Thaib and Irma Nurmasari who have dedicated their life for me. Thank you for loving, supporting and giving everything to me. 2. The Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies, University Sumatera Utara, Dr. Drs. Budi Agustono, MS,the Head of English Department Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S and Secretary, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A, Ph.D 3. Drs.Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum as my supervisor and Siamir Marulafau M.Hum as my co-supervisor who have helped me in doing my thesis by supervising me, giving a valuable ideas, spending much time, enhancing my spirit and having much contribution in accomplishing my thesis. 4. All of the lecturers of English Departmentwho have given me much knowledge and experience as long as I was studying in English Department. Medan, 8 February 2017 Balqis Astharini 100705048 Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRAK Skripsi ini berjudul THE EFFECTS OF TRAUMA FOUND IN TONI MORRISON’S SONG OF SOLOMON. Skripsi ini membahas tentang efek-efek yang muncul dari trauma yang dihadapi oleh empat tokoh utama. Teori yang digunakan dalam menganalisa efek-efek dari trauma tersebut adalah teori pendekatan historis dan psikologis. Teori pendekatan historis yaitu pendekatan yang dilakukan dalam kerangka pelacakan sejarah yang berhubungan dengan saat sebuah karya sastra dihasilkan. Pendekatan ini sangat membantu penulis untuk mengetahui dan memahami kondisi perbudakan yang terjadi. Selain teori pendekatan historis, penulis juga menggunakan teori pendekatan psikolgi. Teori ini membantu penulis untuk mengetahui dan memahami efek psikologi yang ditimbulkan oleh trauma. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dimana data dalam skripsi ini berupa paparan bahasa yang mengandung pikiran, sikap, dan perilaku keempat tokoh utama dalam bentuk dialog serta narasi. Dari analisa yang dilakukan didapat temuan bahwa trauma yang dialami oleh keempat tokoh utama mempengaruhi kehidupan dan lingkungan mereka. Temuan lainnya adalah tidak semua tokoh utama dapat mengatasi efek dari trauma yang mereka hadapi dikarenakan oleh kurangnya dukungan dari orang sekitarnya. Kata kunci : trauma, efek trauma Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRACT This thesis entitled THE EFFECTS OF TRAUMA FOUND IN TONI MORRISON’S SONG OF SOLOMON discusses about the effects of trauma experienced by the major characters. The theories used in analyzing the novel are historical and psychological approach. Historical approach is one of the method to analyze literary work in which the author and the reader comprehend the message of the literary work by remembering the moment or historic moment a long with the literary work written. The psychological approach leads most directly to a substantial amplification of the meaning of a literary work. Descriptive method will be used in analyzing the data. The purpose of descriptive method is as a comprehensive summarization in everyday terms of specific events experienced by individuals or groups. From the analysis, it was found that the trauma experienced by the four major characters affect their life as well as their environment. It was also found that not all characters are able to cope the effect of trauma due to the lack of support from the people surrounding. Key words : trauma, effects of trauma Universitas Sumatera Utara TABLE OF CONTENT CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study ..........................................1 1.2 Problem of the Study ................................................4 1.3 Objective of the Study ..............................................4 1.4 Scope of the Study.....................................................4 1.5 Significance of the Study...........................................5 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Novel .........................................................................7 2.2 Theme.................................................................... ....8 2.3 Psychological Approach...........................................11 2.4 Historical Approach..................................................15 2.5 Trauma......................................................................16 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD 3.1 Research Method ....................................................22 3.2 Source of Data ........................................................23 3.3 Data Collection........................................................23 3.4 Data Analysis ..........................................................25 CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING 4.1 Analysis .................................................................26 4.2 Finding ..................................................................72 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion .............................................................73 5.2 Suggestion ............................................................ REFERENCES ............................................................................................78 APPENDIX .................................................................................................. Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRAK Skripsi ini berjudul THE EFFECTS OF TRAUMA FOUND IN TONI MORRISON’S SONG OF SOLOMON. Skripsi ini membahas tentang efek-efek yang muncul dari trauma yang dihadapi oleh empat tokoh utama. Teori yang digunakan dalam menganalisa efek-efek dari trauma tersebut adalah teori pendekatan historis dan psikologis. Teori pendekatan historis yaitu pendekatan yang dilakukan dalam kerangka pelacakan sejarah yang berhubungan dengan saat sebuah karya sastra dihasilkan. Pendekatan ini sangat membantu penulis untuk mengetahui dan memahami kondisi perbudakan yang terjadi. Selain teori pendekatan historis, penulis juga menggunakan teori pendekatan psikolgi. Teori ini membantu penulis untuk mengetahui dan memahami efek psikologi yang ditimbulkan oleh trauma. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dimana data dalam skripsi ini berupa paparan bahasa yang mengandung pikiran, sikap, dan perilaku keempat tokoh utama dalam bentuk dialog serta narasi. Dari analisa yang dilakukan didapat temuan bahwa trauma yang dialami oleh keempat tokoh utama mempengaruhi kehidupan dan lingkungan mereka. Temuan lainnya adalah tidak semua tokoh
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