Online Version ISSN: 1314-412X Volume 5, Number 1 March 2013

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AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 5, No 1, pp 91 - 95, 2013

Agriculture and Environment A study of macromycetes in Maglenishki Rid, Eastern Rhodopes Mts. II. Recent data of study

M. Lacheva*

Department of Botany and Agrometeorology, Faculty of Agronomy, Agricultural University Plovdiv,12 Mendeleev, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Abstract. The species composition, distribution, ecological-trophic structure and conservation value of macromycetes in Maglenishki Rid (Eastern Rhodopes Mts) is studied. 102 macromycetous species were registered. The predominant part of macromycetes belongs to the class Agaricomycetes (99 species), another part belongs to the Ascomycetes (2 species) and Myxomycetes (1 species). Fifteen macromycetous species are rare for the country, eleven of them of high conservation value are included in the Red List of endangered macromycetes in Bulgaria. All taxa are presented with brief chorological data and notes on their distribution in the region.

Keywords: conservation value, Eastern Rhodopes Mts, ecological-trophic structure, fungal diversity, macromycetes, rare taxa

Introduction 4. Deciduous forest of Fagus sylvatica L. and Quercus delechampii Ten s.str., around the area “Raven's rocks”, above the Eastern Rhodope Mountains are characterized by high village Gorni Yurutsi. biodiversity conditioned by a diverse topography, climate and 5. Deciduous forest of Fagus sylvatica L., Quercus delechampii natural habitats. Habitats represented here are typical for the south Ten s.str, Pinus sylvestris L., Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertner, of the country, lacking the typical mountain and alpine habitats. The Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco, Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) special interest to the macromycetes in Maglenishki Rid (Figure 1) is Carriere and Picea abies (L.) Karsten, between the villages Strajets connected with the biodiversity in the region. Particular data for the and the Gorni Yurutsi. distribution of the fungi hasn't been designated in the specialized The second stage of the study was conducted during literature. Data on the species diversity and distribution of fungi in the (2009–2011) as above under investigation were also following Eastern Rhodopes Mts is published by Drumeva-Dimcheva and habitats: Gyosheva-Bogoeva, (1993), Gyosheva and Vasilev, (1994), Kuthan 6. In deciduous forest of Quercus delechampii Ten s.str., over and Kotlaba, (1981, 1989). Than report from Lacheva (2009) initial the river “Chukurska”. data from the first stage of the mycological study area Maglenishki 7. In deciduous forest of Quercus delechampii Ten s.str. and Rid until specific data on the prevalence of macromycetes in the Fagus sylvatica L., around the area „Hambar Dere”. study area are absent. 8. In deciduous forest of Quercus delechampii Ten s.str., The purpose of this study is to examine the species around the “Mundrov” top. composition, distribution and the conservation status of the 9. In deciduous forest of Quercus delechampii Ten s.str. and macromycetes in the region. The collected scientific information will Fagus sylvatica L., around the top „Ushite”. be used for analysis and planning activities on the conservation and The definition of the taxa was carried out according to Kirk and management of the biodiversity in a secure future territory. Ansell (2004), Kirk et al. (2008), Kuthan and Kotlaba (1981, 1989), Moser (1983), Ryvarden and Gilbertson (1993, 1994) and the ecological-trophic structure was carried out after direct observations Material and methods and based on literature data (Arnolds, 1981; Gyosheva and Vasilev, 1994). The authors of the fungous taxa are given in Kirk and Ansell The study area was visited during 2006 – 2011 year. The first (1992) and the plants taxa in Brummit and Powell (1992). The stage of mycological studies were conducted (2006–2008) in the studied specimens are kept in the Mycological collection of the tracking method with transitions mainly in the most widespread local Agricultural University, Plovdiv (SOA). The author's names of the plant communities on the northern slopes of the Maglenishki Rid: taxa are abbreviated according to Kirk and Ansell (2004). 1. Natural forest of Quercus delechampii Ten s.str., at the foot of Nomenclature of species follows Kirk et al. (2008). the top “Portata”. The conservation status is indicated according to the Red List of fungi in Bulgaria (Gyosheva et al., 2006). The macromycetes with 2. Natural forest of Fagus sylvatica L., at the foot of the top “Koja conservation value are designed in the list with CV. The rare species Ele”; were designated with R (category rare species). 3. In deciduous forest of Quercus delechampii Ten s.str. and Fagus sylvatica L., around the “Yuruklenska river”, above the village Gorni Yurutsi. * e-mail: agaricus@abv.bg

91 Fig 1.

Results and discussion , , and the rare species . Regarding their ecological characteristics and the substrate Species composition, distribution and the ecological-trophic specificity, the current macromycetes in the studied territory, are structure of the current macromycetes are given in Table . As a distributed in ecological-trophic groups saprotrophs in litter St result of the field ork one hundred and to macromycetes ere species humus saprotrophs Hu species saprotrophs on registered, relating to three classes and fifty-seven genera ninety- ood LeS species saprotrophs on fallen leaves of deciduous nine species from , to species from , trees d species mycosymbiotrophs Mr species and and only one species from . The digital indicators of parasites on arboreal plants LeP species and coprotrophs C the number of the genus and the species do not disclose the true species Table . As regards the abundance of species in forest concept for the species diversity of the macromycetes in the studied communities, the dominants are the saprotrophs on ood, parasites territory, as the rainfall during the research as not enough. Under on arboreal plants and humus saprotrophs. such conditions the ood-destroying fungi develop better. This kind Largely the studied territory is covered ith deciduous oak and of fungi depends less on the rainfall, and most of them have beech forests and some isolated areas are covered ith coniferous perennial fruit bodies. culture. Considering the type of the habitats, as possible for the During field studies ere visited the old beech forests in the region could be pointed many important economic edible species inaccessible parts of the deep gullies and on the high parts of the , , , , massif near the Bulgarian-Greek border. It is in these oods here , , , the greatest destruction of trees by as , , , , observed. In the coniferous culture ith heterogeneous composition , , , including L. and Arn., , and . In habitats Mirbel ranco, Endl. Carriere and dominated by L., Ten s.str and L. Karsten, the folloing species ere found L. some rare and endangered species

1. Ecological- Habitats trophic Taa groups 2 Hu Agaricus arvensis Schaeff. Hu Agaricus sylvaticus Schaeff. Hu A. sylvicola Vitt. Sacc. Hu R Albatrellus subrubescens Murr. Pouzar Hu CV Amanita caesarea Scop.r. Pers. Hu A. gemmata r. Bertill. Hu A. phalloides Vaill.r. Link Hu A. rubescens Pers.r. Hu CV A. vittadinii Moretti Vittad. LeS, LeP Armillaria mellea Vahl.r. Kummer

92 St, Hu (R) Astraeus hygrometricus (Pers.:Pers.) Morgan + _ + + _ + _ + _ Mr (CV) Boletus satanas Lenz _ + + _ + _ + _ + Mr B. aereus Bull.:Fr. + _ + _ + _ _ + _ Mr B. badius (Fr.:Fr.) Fr. + _ + _ + _ _ _ Mr B. edulis Bull.:Fr. + + + + + _ + _ + Mr B. pinophillus Pilát & Dermek + _ + _ _ + _ _ + Hu Bovista plumbea Pers. _ _ _ _ + + + _ + Hu Cantharellus cibarius Fr.:Fr. + _ + _ + + _ _ + Hu Chlorophyllum rachodes (Vitadd.) Vellinga + + _ _ + _ + + _ LeS Clitocybe brumalis (Fr.:Fr.) Quél. + + + + _ _ _ _ + Hu C.nebularis (Batsch:Fr.)P.Kumm. + + + _ + _ _ + _ St, Hu Collybia dryophila (Bull.:Fr.) Kummer + + + + + + + + + LeS C. fusipes (Bull.:Fr) Quel. + + _ _ + + + _ + C Coprinus picaceus (Bull.:Fr.) Gray + + + + _ + + _ _ C C. plicatilis (Curt.:Fr.) Fr. _ _ + _ _ + + + _ LeS Crepidotus mollis (Schaeff.:Fr.) Kummer + + + + _ + + + + LeS, LeP Fistulina hepatica (Schaeff.:Fr.) With. _ _ + _ + + _ + _ LeP Fomes fomentarius (L. : Fr.) Fr. + + + + + + + + + LeP Ganoderma lucidum (Curt. : Fr.) Karst. _ _ + + _ + _ + _ LeP (CV) G. pfeifferi Bres. _ + ______St, Hu (CV) Geastrum triplex Jungh. + + _ + _ _ + _ + Hu (CV) Gomphus clavatus (Pers. : Fr.) S.F. Gray _ + + _ _ + _ _ _ LeP (CV) Grifola frondosa (Discks.:Fr.) Gray + + + + + _ + + _ LeP (CV) Hericium coralloides (Scop.:Fr.) S.F. Gray _ + + _ _ _ + _ + Hu Hygrophorus russula (Schaeff.:Fr.) Quél. + + _ _ _ + _ _ _ LeS Hymenochaete rubiginosa (Schrad.:Fr.) Lev. + + + + + _ + _ + LeS Hypholoma fasciculare (Huds.:Fr.) Karst. _ _ + _ + _ + + + Mr Inocybe geophylla (Sow.:Fr.) Kummer + + _ + + + _ + _ Hu (R) Inocybe margaritospora (Berk) Sacc. _ + _ + _ + _ _ + LeP Inonotus radiatus (Fr.) Karst. + + + _ _ + _ + _ LeP I. hispidus (Bull.:Fr.) Karst. + + _ + _ + _ _ + St, Hu Laccaria amethystine Cooke _ + _ + _ + _ + _ St, Hu L. laccata (Scop.:Fr.) Cooke + + + + + + + + + Hu Lactarius deliciosus (L.:Fr.) Gray + _ + _ _ _ + + _ Hu L. piperatus (L.:Fr.) Pers. + + + _ + + + + + Hu L. volemus (Fr.:Fr) Fr. _ _ + + + _ _ + _ LeP Lycogala epidendrum (L.) Fr. + + + + + + + + + LeP (CV) Lenzites warnieri Durieu & Mont. _ + _ _ _ + + + _ Hu Lepiota clypeolaria (Bull.:Fr.) P.Kumm. _ + + _ + + + _ _ St, Hu Lepista flaccida (Sow.:Fr.) Pat. _ _ _ + + + _ + _ Hu Lycoperdon echinatum Pers.:Pers. + _ + _ + _ + _ _ Hu L. perlatum Pers.:Pers. _ + _ + _ + _ _ + Hu Macrolepiota procera (Scop.:Fr.) Sing. _ + + + _ + + + + Hu M. mastoidea (Fr.:Fr.) Singer + + _ _ _ _ + _ + LeS, Fd Marasmiellus ramealis (Bull.:Fr.) Singer + + + + + _ + + + LeS, Fd Marasmius androsaceus (L.) Fr. + + + _ _ + _ + + LeS, Fd M. rotula (Scop. : Fr.) Fr. + + + + + + + + + LeS Mycena epipterygia (Scop.:Fr.) S.F. Gray + + _ + _ + + + + LeS M. galericulata (Scop.:Fr.) Quél. _ + + _ _ + _ + _ St M. pura (Pers.:Fr.) Kummer _ _ + + + + + _ _

93 LeS Neobulgaria pura (Fr.) Petrak + + _ _ _ + + + _ C Panaeolus acuminatus (Schaeff.) Quél. _ + + _ + + _ _ + C P. papilionaceus (Bull.:Fr.) Quél. + + _ + + _ + + _ C P. sphinctrinus (Fr.) Quél. + + _ _ _ _ + _ + LeS Paxillus atrotomentosus (Batsch.) Fr. + + _ _ + + + _ + LeS Peziza micropus Pers. + + + + _ _ _ + + LeS Pholiota flammans (Fr.:Fr) Kummer + + + + _ + _ _ _ LeS, LeP Pholiota squarrosa (Weigel : Fr.) P. Kumm. _ _ + + _ _ _ _ _ LeS, LeP Pleurotus cornucopiae Paul : Fr. + + _ _ _ + _ _ _ LeS P. atromarginatus (Sing.) Kuthner _ + _ _ _ + + _ + LeP, LeS P.ostreatus (Jacq.:Fr.) P. Kumm. + + + _ _ + _ + _ LeS Polyporus arcularius Batsch. : Fr. + + _ + _ + _ + _ LeS P. coronatus Rostk. + + + _ _ + _ + _ LeS P. umbellatus (Pers.:Fr.) Fr. + + _ + _ + _ + _ LeS P. varius (Pers.:Fr.) Fr. + + _ + + + + _ + LeS Pycnoporus cinnabarinus (Jacq.:Fr.) Karst. _ + + _ _ + _ + _ Mr Russula xerampelina (Schaeff.) Fr. + + + _ _ + + _ + Mr R. cyanoxantha (Schaeff.) Fr. + + _ + + + _ + _ Mr (CV) R. solaris Ferd. & Winge. _ + _ _ _ + + _ + Mr R. delica Fr. + + + _ + Mr R. foetens (Pers.:Fr.) Fr. + + _ _ _ + _ + _ Mr R. queletii Fr. _ + + _ _ + + + _ Mr Russula vesca Fr. + + + _ + _ _ _ + Mr R. virescens (Schaeff.) Fr. + + + + _ + _ + + LeS Schizophyllum commune Fr. + + + + + + + + + LeS, Hu Scutellinia scutellata (L.) Lambotte _ + _ + + _ + _ + LeS Stereum hirsutum (Willd.:Fr.) S.F. Gray + + + + + + + + + LeS S. gausapatum Fr. + + + + + + + + + LeS S. rugosum (Pers.) + + + + + + + + + LeS (CV) Strobilomyces strobilaceus (Scop.:Fr.) Berk + + + _ _ + _ + _ LeS Stropharia aeruginosa (Curt.:Fr.) Quél. + _ + + + _ + + _ Mr (R) Suillus lakei (Murrill) A.H Sm. & Thiers _ _ _ _ + _ _ _ _ Hu S. luteus (L.:Fr.) Roussel + + _ _ + _ + _ _ LeS Tremella mesenterica Retz.:Fr. + + + + + _ + _ _ LeS Trametes hirsutа (Wulf.:Fr.) Pilát. + + + + + + + + + LeS T. suaveolens (Fr.) Fr. + + _ _ _ + + _ _ LeS T. versicolor (Fr.) Pilát + + + + + + + + + Hu Tricholoma flavovirens (Pers.:Fr.) Lundell _ _ _ + + + _ _ _ Hu T. imbricatum (Fr.:Fr.) Kummer _ _ + + + + _ _ _ LeS Tyromyces lacteus (Fr.) Murrill + + _ + _ + _ + + LeS Tubaria furfuracea (Pers.:Fr.) Gill. _ + + + + _ + + _ LeS Xerulla radicata (Relh.:Fr.) Sing. + + _ + _ + + + + subrubescens, Gomphus clavatus and Inocybe margaritospora are procera, M. mastoidea, Xerulla radicata, Russula cyanoxantha, R. also registered. queletii, R. virescens, Trametes versicolor, T. hirsuta. With great The species Boletus edulis, B. pinophilus and Cantharellus abundance was T. versicolor. The most common parasite on the cibarius are listed as endangered in the Red List of fungi in some beech trees was Fomes fomentarius. National parks in the country. In the deciduous (oak and beech) The macromycetes, because of their uncontrolled collection, forests are common and with a lot of fruit bodies the following are one of the most endangered groups, not only on the territory of species: Fomes fomentarius, Ganoderma lucidum, Macrolepiota the Maglenishki Rid, but also in the country. During the research

94 fifteen rare species were found in the area, as twelve of them – Gyosheva MM, Denchev CM, Dimitrova EG, Assyov B, Petrova Amanita caesarea, A. vittadinii, Boletus satanas, Ganoderma RD and Stoichev GT, 2006. Red List of fungi in Bulgaria. Mycologia pfeifferi, Geastrum triplex, Gomphus clavatus, Grifola frondosa, Balcanica, 3, 1, 81-87. Hericium coralloides, Hygrophorus russula, Lenzites warnieri, Kirk PM and Ansell AE, 2004. Authors of fungal names. CABI Polyporus umbellatus, Russula solaris and Strobilomyces Bioscience, Wallingford.Electronicversion: http://www. strobilaceus are included in the European Directives and to the Red speciesfungorum.org/AutorsOfFungalNames.htm List of the macromycetes in Bulgaria (Gyosheva and Vasilev, 1994; Kirk PM, Cannon PF, David JC and Stalpers JA (eds), 2008. IUCN 2001, 2003a, 2003b; Gyosheva et al., 2006). Dictionary of the Fungi. 10th ed. CAB International, Oxon. The lack of preliminary studies of the macromycetes in the Kuthan J and Kotlaba F, 1981. Makromyzeten des Nationalparkes region and the dry and hot summer in certain stages of the study fail Ropotamo in Bulgarien. Sborník Národního Muzea v Praze, Řada B to make objective analysis and even conclusions about the overall (Přírodovědecká), 37, 2, 77-136. species composition, distribution, conservation status and the Kuthan J and Kotlaba F, 1989. Makromyzeten der bulgarischen numbers of the economic valuable species. To carry out detailed Schwarzmeerküste und einiger Orte im landesinnern Bugariens. monitoring long time is needed, because the emergence and Sborník Národního Muzea v Praze, Řada B (Přírodovědecká), 44, 3- development of the fruit bodies depends on the weather conditions. 4, 137-243. Lacheva M, 2009. A study of macromycetes in “Maglenishki Rid” Eastern Rhodopes Mts.I. Biotechnology and Biotechnological Conclusion Equipment, Special Edition, XI Anniversary Scientific Conference, 120 Years of Academic Education in biology, 45 Years Faculty of Biology, May 27–29, 2009, Sofia, 23,2,100-103. The presented data on macromycetes occurring in Maglenishki Moser M, 1983. Key Agarics and Boleti (Polyporales, Boletales, Rid suggest the conclusion that this region is extremely interesting Agaricales, Russulales). as an object of mycological study so far. Undoubtedly, a complete Ryvarden L and Gilbertson R, study of fungi in Maglenishki Rid will require additional visits and 1993. European Polypores, 1, pp. research in the area. 387. Ryvarden L and Gilbertson R, 1994. European Polypores, 2, pp. 743. Stoichev G and Gyosheva M, 2005. New and rare macromycetes References to Bulgaria. In: B. Gruev et al. (eds). Proceedings of the Balkan Scientific Conference of Biology in Plovdiv (Bulgaria), 19-21 May Arnolds E, 1981. Ecology and coenology of macrofungi in 2005. http:// free.hit.bg/batkiro/BCB/GS_MG.pdf. grasslands and moist heathlands in Drenthe, the Netherlands. 1, IUCN, 2001. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Introduction and synecology. Bibl. Mycol., Bd. 83. J. Cramer, Vaduz. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Brummit R and Powell C, 1992. Authors of plant names. A list of Cambridge, UK. authors of scientific names of plants, with recommended standart IUCN, 2003a. Guidelines for application of IUCN Red List categories forms of their names, including abbreviations. Kew, Royal Botanic at regional levels: Version 3.0. IUCN species survival Commission, Gardens. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Droumeva-Dimcheva M and Gyosheva-Bogoeva М, 1993. IUCN, 2003b. Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and Macromycetes in Bulgaria, 34 с. (Bg). criteria. Standards and petitions Subcommittee of the IUCN SSC Gyosheva M and Vassilev P, 1994. Macromycetes of the Golo Red List Programme Kommittee, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Bardo Mountain: Mycoecological Investigation. Proceeding Sofia Cambridge, UK. University St. Kliment Ohridski, Faculty of Biology, 2, Bot., 86, 73-89.

95 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 5, No 1, 2013 CONTENTS 1 / 3 Review

Status of remote hybrids in the Poaceae: problems and prospects 3 H. Stoyanov*

Genetics and Breeding

Genetic divergence among accesions of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) 13 N. Dyulgerov, B. Dyulgerova

Yield stability of contemporary Bulgarian winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) in Dobrudzha 16 P. Chamurliyski, N. Tsenov

Assessment of initial material for stevia (Stevia rebaudiana B.) breeding 22 Tz. Kikindonov

Grain yield of winter feed barley varieties 25 B. Dyulgerova, D. Dimova, D. Valcheva, D. Vulchev, T. Popova, M. Gocheva

A study on the biological and economic qualities of common winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 28 I. Stankov, S. Tsvetanov, P. Stankova, I. Yanchev, T. Raycheva

Nutrition and Physiology

Drought–induced changes in photosynthesis of young cowpea plants 32 K. Uzunova, Z. Zlatev

Effect of organic fertilizers on photosynthesis of young tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) 35 Z. Zlatev, V. Popov

Production Systems

Productivity of sunflower grown in a periodic water deficit conditions 39 R. Petrova, A. Matev, H. Kirchev, A. Sevov

Variation of capillary rise of water in the slightly leached chernozem soil of Dobrudzha region under 46 the effect of long-term use of some soil tillage practices P. Yankov

Influence of the variety and sowing rate on the green mass productivity of Sudan grass and Sorghum x 50 Sudan grass hybrids Tz. Kikindonov, S. Enchev, K. Slanev

Effect of the irrigation regime on the productivity of root celery by drip irrigation in the Plovdiv 53 region B. Harizanova-Petrova, A. Ovcharova AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 5, No 1, 2013 CONTENTS 2 / 3 Study of a zeolite–water experimental refrigeration module intended for animal raising 58 R. Georgiev, K. Peichev, A. Pavlov, K.Trendafilov, G. Dineva, I. Binev

Method for rapid determination of the percentage rate of grain losses by the combine harvester 62 according to its parameters N. Delchev, K. Trendafilov

Phase–frequency characteristics of three types of milking clusters with a different volume and 65 shape of the pulsation chamber B. Banev, K. Peychev, V. Vlashev, G. Dineva

Nondestructive (NIRS) determination of some technological traits of Bombyx mori L. cocoons 70 M. Panayotov, S. Atanassova, S. Petrova

Researching the resistance of bees fattened up with additive of extract of Tribulus terrestris L. during 75 wintering I. Hristakov, I. Zhelyazkova, V. Hvarchilkov Influence of liming with Ca(OH) on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in foliage of vine 2 79 varieties K. Trendafilov, V. Valcheva, S. Todorova

Content and composition of the essential oil of Rosa alba L. during flower development 83 A. Dobreva, M. Gerdzhikova

Effectiveness of application of the leaf–fertilizers Hortigrow in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum var. 86 glabratum) V. Ivanov, I. Yanchev, T. Raycheva, K. Stoyanov

Agriculture and Environment

A study of macromycetes in Maglenishki Rid, Eastern Rhodopes Mts. II. Recent data of study 91 M. Lacheva

Agroclimatic conditions of existence of almond trees in Plovdiv region during the winter period 96 D. Ivanova, N. Shopova

Phytoplankton growth and chlorophyll – a content in the surface layer of the Bulgarian Black Sea 99 coastal waters in 2011 D. Petrova, D. Gerdzhikov

Ecological status of Varna Bay through the state of phytoplankton, macrozoobenthos and 105 macrophytes during the autumn of 2011 D. Petrova, E. Petrova, D. Gerdzhikov, V. Vachkova, R. Bekova

Environmental studies of the macrozoobenthos in the nearby coastal zone along the Bulgarian 111 Black Sea coast E. Petrova, S. Stoykov AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 5, No 1, 2013 CONTENTS 3 / 3 Product Quality and Safety

Evaluation of pork meat quality and freshness using colorimetric and spectral methods 115 S. Atanassova, T. Stoyanchev, S. Ribarski

Reducing the hyperspectral feature spaces of ready-to-cook minced meat products 121 K. Kolev

Effect of cold storage terms on physico-chemical characteristics of Japanese quail (Coturnix 126 coturnix japonica) meat S. Ribarski, A. Genchev, S. Atanasova

The flavonoid content in the white oil–bearing rose (Rosa alba L.) 134 A Dobreva, M Gerdzhikova Instruction for authors possible for others to repeat the experi- parenthesis after the bibliographic ment in order to verify results. reference (Bulgarian = Bg, Russian = Ru, Preparation of papers Results are presented in understandable Serbian = Sr, if in the Cyrillic, Mongolian = Papers shall be submitted at the editorial tables and figures, accompanied by the Мо, Greek = Gr, Georgian = Geor., office typed on standard typing pages (A4, statistical parameters needed for the Japanese = Jа, Chinese = Ch, Arabic = Аr, 30 lines per page, 62 characters per line). evaluation. Data from tables and figures etc.) The editors recommend up to 15 pages for should not be repeated in the text. The following order in the reference list is full research paper ( including abstract Tables should be as simple and as few as recommended: references, tables, figures and other possible. Each table should have its own Journal articles: Author(s) surname and appendices) explanatory title and to be typed on a initials, year. Title. Full title of the journal, separate page. They should be outside the volume, pages. Example: The manuscript should be structured as main body of the text and an indication Simm G, Lewis RM, Grundy B and follows: Title, Names of authors and should be given where it should be Dingwall WS, 2002. Responses to affiliation address, Abstract, List of inserted. selection for lean growth in sheep. Animal keywords, Introduction, Material and Figures should be sharp with good Science, 74, 39-50 methods,Results, Discussion, Conclusion, contrast and rendition. Graphic materials Books: Author(s) surname and initials, Acknowledgements (if any), References, should be preferred. Photographs to be year. Title. Edition, name of publisher, Tables, Figures. appropriate for printing. Illustrations are place of publication. Example: The title needs to be as concise and supplied in colour as an exception after Oldenbroek JK, 1999. Genebanks and informative about the nature of research. It special agreement with the editorial board the conservation of farm animal genetic should be written with small letter /bold, 14/ and possible payment of extra costs. The resources, Second edition. DLO Institute without any abbreviations. figures are to be each in a single file and for Animal Science and Health, their location should be given within the Netherlands. Names and affiliation of authors text. Book chapter or conference proceedings: The names of the authors should be Discussion: The objective of this section Author(s) surname and initials, year. Title. presented from the initials of first names is to indicate the scientific significance of In: Title of the book or of the proceedings followed by the family names. The the study. By comparing the results and followed by the editor(s), volume, pages. complete address and name of the conclusions of other scientists the Name of publisher, place of publication. institution should be stated next. The contribution of the study for expanding or Example: affiliation of authors are designated by modifying existing knowledge is pointed Mauff G, Pulverer G, Operkuch W, different signs. For the author who is going out clearly and convincingly to the reader. Hummel K and Hidden C, 1995. C3- to be corresponding by the editorial board Conclusion: The most important conse- variants and diverse phenotypes of and readers, an E-mail address and quences for the science and practice unconverted and converted C3. In: telephone number should be presented as resulting from the conducted research Provides of the Biological Fluids (ed. H. footnote on the first page. Corresponding should be summarized in a few sentences. Peters), vol. 22, 143-165, Pergamon author is indicated with *. The conclusions shouldn't be numbered Press. Oxford, UK. and no new paragraphs be used. Todorov N and Mitev J, 1995. Effect of Abstract should be not more than 350 Contributions are the core of conclusions. level of feeding during dry period, and body words. It should be clearly stated what new References: condition score on reproductive perfor- findings have been made in the course of In the text, references should be cited as mance in dairy cows,IXth International research. Abbreviations and references to follows: single author: Sandberg (2002); Conference on Production Diseases in authors are inadmissible in the summary. It two authors: Andersson and Georges Farm Animals, Sept.11 – 14, Berlin, should be understandable without having (2004); more than two authors: Andersson Germany, p. 302 (Abstr.). read the paper and should be in one et al.(2003). When several references are Thesis: paragraph. cited simultaneously, they should be Penkov D, 2008. Estimation of metabolic Keywords: Up to maximum of 5 keywords ranked by chronological order e.g.: energy and true digestibility of amino acids should be selected not repeating the title (Sandberg, 2002; Andersson et al., 2003; of some feeds in experiments with muscus but giving the essence of study. Andersson and Georges, 2004). duck (Carina moshata, L). Thesis for DSc. The introduction must answer the References are arranged alphabetically by Agrarian University, Plovdiv, 314 pp. following questions: What is known and the name of the first author. If an author is what is new on the studied issue? What cited more than once, first his individual The Editorial Board of the Journal is not necessitated the research problem, publications are given ranked by year, then responsible for incorrect quotes of described in the paper? What is your come publications with one co-author, two reference sources and the relevant hypothesis and goal ? co-authors, etc. The names of authors, violations of copyrights. Material and methods: The objects of article and journal titles in the Cyrillic or research, organization of experiments, alphabet different from Latin, should be chemical analyses, statistical and other transliterated into Latin and article titles methods and conditions applied for the should be translated into English. experiments should be described in detail. The original language of articles and books A criterion of sufficient information is to be translated into English is indicated in Volume 5, Number 1 March 2013