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Population Dynamics and the Effect of Cattle Grazing in the Vale District, BLM Astragalus mulfordiae (Mulford’s milkvetch): Population dynamics and the effect of cattle grazing in the Vale District, BLM Progress Report to the USDI Bureau of Land 2019 Management, Vale District Report prepared by A. Lisa Schomaker, Erin C. Gray, and Matt A. Bahm Institute for Applied Ecology Astragalus mulfordiae (Mulford’s milkvetch): Population dynamics and the effect of cattle grazing in the Vale District, BLM Preface IAE is a non-profit organization whose mission is conservation of native ecosystems through restoration, research and education. IAE provides services to public and private agencies and individuals through development and communication of information on ecosystems, species, and effective management strategies. Restoration of habitats, with a concentration on rare and invasive species, is a primary focus. IAE conducts its work through partnerships with a diverse group of agencies, organizations and the private sector. IAE aims to link its community with native habitats through education and outreach. Questions regarding this report or IAE should be directed to: Tom Kaye Executive Director Institute for Applied Ecology 563 SW Jefferson Avenue Corvallis, Oregon 97333 phone: 541-753-3099 email: [email protected] ii Astragalus mulfordiae (Mulford’s milkvetch): Population dynamics and the effect of cattle grazing in the Vale District, BLM ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Funding for this project has been provided by the Cooperative Challenge Cost Share and other BLM Programs, as well as the Interagency Special Status/Sensitive Species Program. The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions and cooperation by the Vale District Bureau of Land Management, especially Susan Fritts. In 2019 work was supported by IAE staff members Kristina Lopez, Denise Giles, Miranda Geller, Cia Crowe, Eva Brod, and Erica Hunter. Cover photographs: Mulford’s milkvetch (Astragalus mulfordiae) habitat and monitoring plots at North Harper North, 2018. Photo by Lisa Schomaker. Suggested citation Schomaker A. L., E. C. Gray, and M. A. Bahm. 2019. Astragalus mulfordiae (Mulford’s milkvetch): Population dynamics and the effect of cattle grazing in the Vale District BLM. Unpublished report for USDI Bureau of Land Management, Vale District. Institute for Applied Ecology, Corvallis, Oregon. vii + 51 pp. iii Astragalus mulfordiae (Mulford’s milkvetch): Population dynamics and the effect of cattle grazing in the Vale District, BLM TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................... III LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ V LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................. V LIST OF SUPPLEMENTAL FIGURES ................................................................................. VI LIST OF SUPPLEMENTAL TABLES ................................................................................... VI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................. VII INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................. 2 METHODS ....................................................................................................................... 3 Field Sites ........................................................................................................................................... 3 Population and Plant Community Monitoring Transects ............................................................. 3 Herbivory Plots .................................................................................................................................. 5 Data Analysis ..................................................................................................................................... 6 RESULTS .......................................................................................................................... 7 Population and Plant Community Monitoring Transects ............................................................. 7 Herbivory Plots ............................................................................................................................... 11 Climate ............................................................................................................................................. 14 DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................. 16 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................. 18 LITERATURE CITED ....................................................................................................... 19 APPENDIX A: GPS COORDINATES, MAPS, AND DRIVING DIRECTIONS ..................... 20 GPS coordinates ............................................................................................................................ 21 Maps and directions ...................................................................................................................... 24 Written directions .......................................................................................................................... 37 APPENDIX B: HERBIVORY PLOT STATUS ..................................................................... 39 APPENDIX C. VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES COVER 2019 ............................................. 43 APPENDIX D. STATISTICAL TESTING OUTPUT ............................................................. 46 APPENDIX E. SUPPLEMENTAL FIGURES ....................................................................... 48 iv Astragalus mulfordiae (Mulford’s milkvetch): Population dynamics and the effect of cattle grazing in the Vale District, BLM LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Mulford's milkvetch (Astragalus mulfordiae) in fruit. ............................................................................... 1 Figure 2. Astragalus mulfordiae population and community monitoring plot at Snively, 2013. ...................... 4 Figure 3. Transect design for Astragalus mulfordiae population and community monitoring. .......................... 4 Figure 4. Astragalus mulfordiae control (uncaged) monitoring plot. Corners and permanently marked with 10" nails.............................................................................................................................................................. 6 Figure 5. Changes in A. mulfordiae counts along transects over time, separated by reproductive stage and site. No data were collected in 2011. ................................................................................................. 8 Figure 6. Mean A. mulfordiae (top) and B. tectorum (bottom) cover (%) in community monitoring transects from 2009 to 2019. Error bars are ± 95% C.I. Note the difference in Y-axis scale. ........................ 9 Figure 7. Total A. mulfordiae in monitoring plots from 2008 to 2019 (including only plots that were found in all 11 years of surveys; n=46), separated by site and treatment. Plants < 5cm diameter were included in this analysis, and no data were collected in 2011. ............................................................. 13 Figure 8. Mean maximum temperature and mean precipitation from 2008 to 2019 at North Harper North (PRISM climate group 2019). ............................................................................................................ 15 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Field site characteristics including total number of plots present in 2019........................................... 3 Table 2. Locations of Astragalus mulfordiae population and community monitoring transects. ....................... 4 Table 3. Cover classes used when monitoring plant species, ground cover, and surface disturbances in population and community monitoring plots. ............................................................................................... 5 Table 4. Mean percent cover (± 95% C.I.) of ground cover categories by site in 2019. ............................. 10 Table 5. Mean percent cover (± 95% C.I.) of ground disturbances by site in 2019. .................................... 11 Table 6. Live plants, mortality, and number of new plants found from 2008 to 2019, including only plots that were monitored consistently in all years (n = 46). No plots were monitored in 2011. ............ 11 Table 7. Live plants, Mortality, and new plant totals for each site/subsite in 2019, including all plots, separated by treatment. South Alkali subsites are clumped. ................................................................. 12 Table 8. Proportion (%) of reproductive A. mulfordiae plants and mean number of fruits per reproductive plant (± 95% C.I.) by site in 2018 and 2019 (including only continuous plots). ................................ 14 Table 9. Stocking rates at five monitoring sites from 2008 to 2019. NA = data not available. ................ 14 v Astragalus mulfordiae (Mulford’s milkvetch): Population dynamics and the effect of cattle grazing in the Vale District, BLM LIST OF SUPPLEMENTAL FIGURES Appendix Figure 1. Snively Field Site (Owyhee Dam site) and driving route. ................................................ 24
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