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Tle Page Planetary Praxes: Performing Humanity Under Ecological Emergency tle Page Planetary Praxes: Performing Humanity under Ecological Emergency by Shelby Elizabeth Brewster BA, Marshall University, 2012 BFA, Marshall University, 2012 MA, The Ohio State University, 2015 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Dietrich School of Arts & Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2021 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH DIETRICH SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Shelby Elizabeth Brewster It was defended on April 5, 2021 and approved by Emily Wanderer, Assistant Professor, Anthropology Bruce McConachie, Professor Emeritus, Theatre Arts Kathleen George, Professor, Theatre Arts Michelle Granshaw, Associate Professor, Theatre Arts Dissertation Director: Patrick McKelvey, Assistant Professor, Theatre Arts ii Copyright © by Shelby Elizabeth Brewster 2021 iii Abstract Planetary Praxes: Performing Humanity under Ecological Emergency Shelby Brewster, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2021 “Planetary Praxes” theorizes new forms of human/nonhuman relationships developing in response to the rapidly increasing disruption of known and lived environmental norms. Through the interdisciplinary lens of performance, I theorize the planetary as a rubric for analyzing this shift, as it emphasizes the nonhuman and the earth’s inherent alterity. This intervention derives from two conceptual shifts: the material conditions of the ecological emergency which foreground the connections among humans and planetary others, and the theorization of the Anthropocene, which emphasizes the geological power of the human species. Both produce “planetary imaginaries” best rendered through performance. Further, I argue that the ecological changes under the label “climate change” demands considerations of the planetary in order to imagine alternative environmental futures. I examine a variety of practices—political protest, museum exhibition, and artistic production—which I argue have become sites for negotiating ecological relationships. I ask how these relationships form under the conditions of planetary emergency, including global warming, environmental racism, ocean acidification, the inequities of global capitalism, and biodiversity loss. These rapidly shifting ecological (and political) circumstances rework an extensive history of articulating humanity in relation (or in opposition) to nature. Ultimately, I argue that identifying and understanding these emerging ways of being, which I call planetary praxes, are imperative to forge a future of ecological justice. I show how a range of planetary praxes—ways of being human—are developing during iv this current time of environmental upheaval. These include practices that uphold Eurocentric ways of being that perpetuate human exceptionalism and the instrumentalization of nature, as well as performance practices that can enable new ways of living by creating new relations between humans and nonhumans, displacing the centrality of humanity, and imagining new relationships to nature. This project demonstrates the significance of performance as a lens to understand how we move through the world. By attending to the ways humanity is a praxis—a doing, a performance—we might move toward those forms which are less violent and more just. v Table of Contents Preface ........................................................................................................................................... xi 1.0 Introduction: After Man, Towards the Planetary ............................................................... 1 1.1 What’s in a Name?: The Anthropocene and Its Discontents ..................................... 4 1.2 Methodological Constellations: Planetarity ................................................................. 8 1.3 Methodological Constellations: Praxis, or, What Does it Mean to Be Human? ..... 14 1.4 Methodological Constellations: (Ecological) Emergency.......................................... 18 1.5 Theoretical Contributions............................................................................................ 21 1.6 Chapter Summaries...................................................................................................... 26 2.0 The Nature of Our Ancestors: De-extinction and Planetary Techno-Optimism ............ 31 2.1 “A Bit of Cloning”: De-extinction and the Authenticity of the (Anthropocene) Animal ................................................................................................................................. 44 2.2 The Future of the Past(ure): Pleistocene Park ........................................................... 56 2.3 Wild Field: An Anthropocene Zoo .............................................................................. 65 2.4 Conclusion: A Great Anthropocene?.......................................................................... 77 3.0 Imagining Planetarity through Museological Performance ............................................. 80 3.1 Becoming Geological: The Smithsonian’s Hall of Fossils ......................................... 87 3.1.1 “Ghostly Sculptures”: Fossils as Performative Remains .............................. 95 3.1.2 Traveling through Deep Time ........................................................................ 100 3.1.3 “A Positive Legacy” for the Age of Humans ................................................ 109 3.2 “What the Heck is the Anthropocene?”: Carnegie Natural History Museum’s We Are Nature.......................................................................................................................... 115 vi 3.2.1 Between Life and Death: On Taxidermy ...................................................... 120 3.2.2 “Welcome to EarthTime”: Planetary Visualization and the Supremacy of Seeing ......................................................................................................................... 132 3.2.3 “Living in the Anthropocene”: Dioramas of Estrangement ....................... 143 3.3 Conclusion: Which Nature, Which Future? ............................................................ 154 4.0 Radical Planetary Curation, or, What Is a Museum, Anyway? ..................................... 156 4.1 “The Ground You Are Standing On”: The Center for Land Use Interpretation 164 4.1.1 Capacious Cataloguing: The Land Use Database ........................................ 168 4.1.2 The Desert Research Station: Situated Landscapes .................................... 174 4.2 Putting Display on Display: Not An Alternative’s The Natural History Museum 178 4.3 Performative Speculation in The Museum of Capitalism....................................... 187 4.4 Conclusion: Seizing the Means of Representation .................................................. 200 5.0 “Solidarity with the Dead”: Ecological Grief, Political Mourning, and Ethical Planetarities ............................................................................................................................... 202 5.1 “Don’t Let the Dream Go Extinct”: Representing Extinction in the Anthropocene ............................................................................................................................................ 212 5.2 Rituals for Ecological Loss in Remembrance Day for Lost Species ...................... 221 5.2.1 The Ethics of Being Hereish: RDLS as Planetary Community .................. 225 5.2.2 Grievable Lives in the Pollinator Procession and Generative Memorial .. 233 5.3 Extinction Rebellion and Mourning-as-Protest ....................................................... 242 5.3.1 “This is an Emergency”: Obstructing the Progress of Capital ................... 246 5.3.2 Climate Sorrow: The Uses of Mourning ....................................................... 249 5.3.3 The Problems of Privilege .............................................................................. 252 vii 5.4 Conclusion: Grief in the Anthropocene .................................................................... 256 6.0 Conclusion: On Performing the Human ........................................................................... 260 Bibliography .............................................................................................................................. 264 viii List of Figures Figure 1. A meme showing Dr. Ian Malcolm (Jeff Goldblum) reacting to the de-extinction of dinosaurs in Steven Spielberg’s Jurassic Park (1993). ........................................................ 46 Figure 2. An overhead view of the Hall of Fossils. ................................................................... 90 Figure 3. Humans Spread, Extinctions Follow informational display. .................................. 92 Figure 4. The wall in the Age of Humans features infographics and an illustration of global population. ................................................................................................................................... 93 Figure 5. The Deep Time Map at the entrance to the Hall of Fossils. .................................. 105 Figure 6. Human Connections Label: We Carry Our History in Our Bodies. ................... 108 Figure 7. Human Connections Label: Why Did Mastodons Go Extinct? ........................... 108 Figure 8. A digital and analog facsimile of the Alcohol House. ............................................ 118 Figure 9. The entrance to We Are Nature: Living in the Anthropocene. ............................... 124 Figure 10. A wall of taxidermy. ..............................................................................................
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