Wstęp R O Z D Z I a Ł I. Morfologia, Anatomia I Fizjologia Oraz Skład

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Wstęp R O Z D Z I a Ł I. Morfologia, Anatomia I Fizjologia Oraz Skład Wstęp 6 Rozdział I. Morfologia, anatomia i fizjologia oraz skład chemiczny ciała owadów 5 A. Ogólna morfologia 5 1. Powłoki skórne i mięśnie 6 2. Główne części ciała owada 10 a. Głowa (caput) 10 b. Tułów (thorax) 19 c. Odwłok (abdomen) 26 B. Narządy wewnętrzne z elementami fizjologii 29 1. Układ pokarmowy 30 2. Układ wydalniczy 35 3. Układ krążenia 36 4. Układ oddechowy 39 5. Układ rozrodczy 43 6. Układ nerwowy » 47 7. Narządy receptoryczne z wyjątkiem narządu wzroku 52 C. Skład chemiczny ciała owadów 55 Rozdział II. Ontogenetyczny rozwój owadów 58 1. Embriogeneza _. 58 2. Rozwój postembrionalny • . 62 a. Larwa 62 b. Poczwarka 66 c. Owad doskonały 69 Rozdział III. Podstawy ekologii owadów leśnych 74 A. Autekologia 75 1. Czynniki abiotyczne 75 a. Światło 76 b. Temperatura 77 c. Wilgotność 79 d. Klimat 81 e. Powietrze ^2 f. Gleba 84 2. Czynniki biotyczne . 84 3. Czynniki troficzne 86 B. Synekologia * 87 655 Hozdział IV. Patologia owadów ... 91 1. Infekcja i jej przebieg 92 2. Epizoocje t 94 3. Objawy chorobowe 96 a. Choroby grzybowe 97 b. Choroby bakteryjne 102 c. Choroby wywoływane przez riketsje 107 d. Choroby wirusowe 108 e. Choroby spowodowane przez pierwotniaki ........ 114 f. Choroby owadów powodowane przez nicienie 115 Rozdział V. Przegląd grup systematycznych pajęczaków i owadów . 118 Gromada Arachnida — pajęczaki 119 Rząd Aranaea — pająki 119 Rodzina Atypidae 120 Rodzina Dysderidae 120 Rodzina Lycosidae — pogońce 120 Rodzina Agelenidae . 121 Rodzina Thomisidae — bokochody 121 Rodzina Theridiidae 122 Rodzina Agriopidae — krzyżakowate 122 Gromada Insecta (= Hexapoda) — owady . 122 Podgromada Apterygogewea (= Apterygota) owady bezskrzydłe . 122 Rząd Collembola — skoczogonki ........... 123 Rząd Protura — pierwogony 124 Rząd Diplura — widłogonki 125 Rząd Thysanura — szczeciogonki . 125 Podgromada Pterygogenea (= Pterygota) — owady uskrzydlone . 125 Nadrząd Ephemeroptera 126 Rząd Plecoptera (= Ephemerida) — jętki . 126 Nadrząd Odonatoptera . 126 Rząd Odonata — ważki 126 Rodzina Agriidae (= Calopterigidae) — świteziankowate . 126 Rodzina Aeschniidae — żagnicowate 126 Rodzina Libellulidae — ważkowate 127 Nadrząd Blattopteroidea . 127 Rząd Dictyoptera . 127 Podrząd Blattodea — karaczany 127 Podrząd Mantodea — modliszki . 128 Rząd Isoptera — termity bielce 128 Nadrząd Psocopteroidea 129 Rząd Psocoptera (= Corrodentia) — psotniki (= gryzki) .... 129 Rodzina Atropidae 129 Rodzina Liposcelidae • 129 Rodzina Psocidae — sklepcowate . 130 Rząd Mallophaga — wszoły 130 Rząd Anoplura (= Siphunculata) — wszy 130 Nadrząd Orthopteroidea . 131 Rząd Plecoptera (= Perlaria) — widelnice . 131 Rząd Orthoptera (= Saltatoria) — szarańczaki (= prostoskrzydłe) . 131 Rodzina Tettigoniidae (= Locustidae) — pasikonikowate . 131 Rodzina Phaneropteridae 132 Rodzina Gryllidae — świerszczowate 134 656 Rodzina Gryllotalpidae — turkuciowate ....... 134 Rodzina Acrididae — szarańczowate 135 Nadrząd Dermapteroidea — skorki 136 Nadrząd Thysanopteroidea 136 Rząd Thysanoptera (= Physopoda) — przylżeńce (= wciornastki) . 136 Rodzina Thripidae 137 Nadrząd Hemipteroidea (= Rhynchota) — pluskwiaki 138 Rząd Homoptera — pluskwiaki równoskrzydłe 138 Nadrodzina Aphidoidea — mszyce 139 Rodzina Aphididae — mszycowate 141 Podrodzina Aphidinae — mszyce właściwe 141 Podrodzina Lachninae — miodownice 141 Podrodzina Mindarinae 143 Rodzina Pemphigidae — bawełnicowate . 144 Rodzina Adelgidae (= Chermesidae) 145 Rodzina Aleurodidae — mączlikowate 149 Nadrodzina Coccoidea — czerwce 149 Rodzina Lecaniidae — misecznikowate 150 Rodzina Asterolecaniidae — gwiazdoszowate 152 Rodzina Coccidae — czerwcowate . 153 Rodzina Kermesidae 153 Rodzina Diaspididae 153 Nadrodzina Cicadinea 155 Rodzina Cercopidae — pienikowate 155 Rodzina Jassidae — skoczkowate 156 Nadrodzina Psyllinea 156 Rodzina Psyllidae — miodówkowate 156 Rząd Heteroptera — pluskwiaki różnoskrzydłe 157 Rodzina Pentatomidae — pluskwiakowate (= tarczówkowate) 157 Rodzina Piesmidae — płaszczyńcowate 158 Rodzina Reduviidae — zajadkowate . 158 Rodzina Aradidae — rozwałkowate 158 Rodzina Pyrrhocoridae 159 Nadrząd Coleopteroidea 160 Rząd Coleoptera — tęgopokrywe (= chrząszcze) 160 Podrząd Adephaga 161 Rodzina Carabidae — biegaczowate 161 Rodzina Harpalidae 163 Rodzina Cicindelidae — trzyszczowate 163 Rodzina Dytiscidae — pływakowate . 163 Rodzina Gyrinidae — krętakowate . 164 Podrząd Haplogastra 164 Rodzina Staphylinidae — kusakowate . 164 Rodzina Silphidae — oiwrlicowate , 166 Rodzina Histeridae — gnilikowate 167 Rodzina Lucanidae — jelonkowate 167 Rodzina Scarabaeidae — żukowate 169 Podrodzina Coprophaginae — żuki gnojarze 169 Podrodzina Melolonthinae — chrabąszczowate 169 Podrząd Heterogastra 175 Rodzina Lymexylonidae — drwionkowate 175 Rodzina Cantharidae — omomiłkowate (= miękkoskrzydłe) . 177 Rodzina Meloidae — oleicowate 178 42 — Entomologia leśna 657 Rodzina Tenebrionidae — ćzarnuchowate ....... 180 Rodzina Melandryidae — śniadkowate 181 Rodzina Pyrhochroidae — ogniczkowate 182 Rodzina Cleridae — przekraskowate 182 Rodzina Elateridae — sprężykowate 184 Rodzina Buprestidae — bogatkowate 186 Rodzina Anobiidae — kołatkowate (= czerwotoki) .... 190 Rodzina Dermestidae — skórnikowate 194 Rodzina Lyctidae — miazgowcowate 195 Rodzina Mycetophagidae — ścierowate 196 Rodzina Bostrychidae — kapturnikowate . 196 Rodzina Nitidulidae — łyszczykowate . 197 Rodzina Rhizophagidae — obumierkowate 197 Rodzina Cucujidae — zgniotkowate 198 Rodzina Coccinellidae — biedronkowate 199 Rodzina Chrysomelidae — stonkowate 201 Rodzina Bruchidae (= Lariidae) — strąkowcowate .... 209 Rodzina Cerambycidae — kózkowate 209 Rodzina Curculionidae — ryjkowcowate 228 Podrodzina Otiorrhynchinae 229 Podrodzina Hylobiinae 231 Podrodzina Cleoninae 236 Podrodzina Calandrinae . 236 Podrodzina Brachyderinae 250 Rodzina Attelabidae — podryjkowate 253 Nadrodzina Scolytoidea — korniki 257 Rodzina Scolytidae — kornikowate 257 Podrodzina Ipinae — korniki właściwe 262 Podrodzina Scolytinae — ogłodki 308 Rodzina Platypodidae — wyrynnikowate 315 Rząd Raphidides — wielbłądki . - . 317 Rodzina Raphidiidae — wielbłądkowate 317 Rząd Planipennis (= Neuroptera) — siatkoskrzydłe (= sieciarki) . 318 Rodzina Chrysopidae — złotookowate 318 Rodzina Hemerobiidae — życiorkowate 319 Rodzina Myrmeleontidae — mrówkolwowate 320 Rząd Mecoptera (= Panorpatae) — wojsiłki 320 Rząd Trichoptera — chruściki 321 Rząd Lepidoptera — łuskoskrzydłe (= motyle) 322 Podrząd Microlepidoptera — motyle drobne . 323 Rodzina Nepticulidae (= Stigmellidae) — pasynkowate . 323 Rodzina Tischeriidae — tyszerkowate 324 Rodzina Cossidae — trociniarkowate 325 Rodzina Eriocraniidae — plątaczkowate 327 Rodzina Tineidae — molowate 327 Rodzina Psychidae — koszówkowate '.' 328 Rodzina Gracilariidae (= Lithocolleridae) — kibitnikowate . 328 Rodzina Coleophoridae (= Eupistidae) — pochwikowate . 329 Rodzina Hyponomeutidae — smocznikowate (= namiotnikowa- te, tasiki) 331 Rodzina Aegeriidae (= Sesiidae) — przeziernikowate . 333 Rodzina Gelechiidae — skośnikowate 335 Rodzina Tortricidae — zwójkowate 336 658 Rodzina Pyralidae — omacnicowate 355 Rodzina Pterophoridae — piórolotkowate 358 Podrząd Macrolspidoptera — motyle duże 359 Rodzina Geometridae — miernikowce 359 Rodzina Noctuidae — sówkowate 366 Rodzina Cymbidae . 373 Rodzina Notodontidae — garbatkowate 374 Rodzina Thaumetopoeidae (= Cnethocampidae) — korowódko- wate 375 Rodzina Orgyidae — znamionówkowate 378 Rodzina Arctiidae — niedźwiedziówkowate 390 Rodzina Bombycidae — prządkowate 390 Rodzina Lasiocampidae — barczatkowate 391 Rodzina Sphingidae — zawisakowate 395 Rodzina Pieridae — bielinkowate 397 Rząd Diptera — dwuskrzydłe (= muchówki) 399 Podrząd Nematocera — długorogie 400 Rodzina Tipulidae — komarnicowate 400 Rodzina Mycetophylidae — bedliszkowate 402 Rodzina Itonididae (= Cecidomyidae) — pryszczarkowate . 402 Rodzina Bibionidae — leniowate 408 Rodzina Simuliidae — mustykowate 409 Rodzina Chironomidae — ochotkowate 409 Rodzina Culicidae — komarowate 409 Podrząd Brachycera — krótkorogie 410 Nadrodzina Ortorapha — prostoryse 410 Rodzina Tabanidae — bąkowate 410 Rodzina Asilidae — łowikowate 411 Rodzina Bombyliidae — bujankowate 411 Rodzina Therevidae — dziewierkowate 412 Nadrodzina Cyclorapha — wieczarki 412 Rodzina Syrphidae — bzygowate 412 Rodzina Agromyzidae — trawiszkowate 413 Rodzina Lonchaeidae 414 Rodzina Hippoboscidae — wpleszczowate ....... 414 Rodzina Gastrophilidae — gziki 415 Rodzina Muscidae — muchowate 415 Rodzina Larvaevoridae — rączycowate 416 Rodzina Oestridae — gzowate 422 Rząd Hymenoptera — błonkoskrzydłe 423 Podrząd Symphyta (= Chalastogastra, = Phytophaga) — rośliniarki 424 Rodzina Tenthredinidae — pilarzowate 424 Podrodzina Diprioninae — boreczniki 425 Podrodzina Nematinae — naroślany 432 Podrodzina Cimbicinae — bryzguny t. 437 Rodzina Pamphiliida-e — niesnujowate . 438 Rodzina Siricidae — trzpiennikowate 446 Podrząd Terebrantes (= Parasitica, Apocrita) — owadziarki i gala­ sówki 447 Nadrodzina Ichneumonidea — gasieniczniki 447 Rodzina Ichneumonidae — gąsienicznikowate 447 Rodzina Braconidae — męczelkowate 448 Nadrodzina Chalcidoidea — bleskotki 448 659 Rodzina Chalcididae — bleskotkowate 44b Rodzina Eulophidae — wiechońkowate 449 Rodzina Trichogrammatidae — kruszynkowate 449 Rodzina Torymidae — raniszkowate 450 Rodzina Aphelinidae — oścowate 452 Rodzina Encyrtidae 453 Rodzina Pteromalidae — siercinkowate 453 Nadrodzina Proctotrupoidea — tybelaki 453 Rodzina Scelionidae 453 Rodzina Ceraphronidae 453 Nadrodzina Cynipoidea — galasówki 454 Rodzina Cynipidae — galasówkowate 454 Podrząd Aculeata — żądłówki 455 Rodzina Formicidae — mrówkowate 456 Podrodzina
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