Reconstructing the Phylogeny of Aphids
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ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES and PASSERINE DIET: EFFECTS of SHRUB EXPANSION in WESTERN ALASKA by Molly Tankersley Mcdermott, B.A./B.S
Arthropod communities and passerine diet: effects of shrub expansion in Western Alaska Item Type Thesis Authors McDermott, Molly Tankersley Download date 26/09/2021 06:13:39 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/7893 ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES AND PASSERINE DIET: EFFECTS OF SHRUB EXPANSION IN WESTERN ALASKA By Molly Tankersley McDermott, B.A./B.S. A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks August 2017 APPROVED: Pat Doak, Committee Chair Greg Breed, Committee Member Colleen Handel, Committee Member Christa Mulder, Committee Member Kris Hundertmark, Chair Department o f Biology and Wildlife Paul Layer, Dean College o f Natural Science and Mathematics Michael Castellini, Dean of the Graduate School ABSTRACT Across the Arctic, taller woody shrubs, particularly willow (Salix spp.), birch (Betula spp.), and alder (Alnus spp.), have been expanding rapidly onto tundra. Changes in vegetation structure can alter the physical habitat structure, thermal environment, and food available to arthropods, which play an important role in the structure and functioning of Arctic ecosystems. Not only do they provide key ecosystem services such as pollination and nutrient cycling, they are an essential food source for migratory birds. In this study I examined the relationships between the abundance, diversity, and community composition of arthropods and the height and cover of several shrub species across a tundra-shrub gradient in northwestern Alaska. To characterize nestling diet of common passerines that occupy this gradient, I used next-generation sequencing of fecal matter. Willow cover was strongly and consistently associated with abundance and biomass of arthropods and significant shifts in arthropod community composition and diversity. -
Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Aphid Hormaphis Betulae (Mordvilko) (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Hormaphidinae)
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART A, 2017 VOL. 28, NO. 2, 265–266 http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2015.1118071 MITOGENOME ANNOUNCEMENT Complete mitochondrial genome of the aphid Hormaphis betulae (Mordvilko) (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Hormaphidinae) Ya-Qiong Lia,b, Jing Chenb and Ge-Xia Qiaob aCollege of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, PR China; bKey Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The complete mitochondrial genome of Hormaphis betulae has been sequenced and annotated, Received 20 October 2015 which is the first representation from the aphid subfamily Hormaphidinae. This mitogenome is Revised 1 November 2015 15 088 bp long with an A + T content of 82.2%, containing 37 genes arranged in the same order as Accepted 5 November 2015 the putative ancestral arrangement of insects and a control region. All protein-coding genes start Published online with an ATN codon and terminate with a TAA codon or a single T residue. All the 22 tRNAs, ranging 28 December 2015 from 61 to 78 bp, have the typical clover-leaf structure except for trnS (AGN). The lengths of rrnL KEYWORDS and rrnS genes are 1275 and 776 bp, respectively. The control region is 509 bp long and located Hormaphidine aphid; mito- between rrnS and trnI, including three domains: an AT-rich zone, a poly-thymidine stretch, and a genome; phylogenetic stem-loop region. The phylogenetic tree supports H. betulae as the basal lineage within Aphididae. analysis Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) are an extraordinary insect Twenty-three genes are transcribed on the majority strand (J- group characterized by complicated life cycles, elaborate strand), the remaining being located on the minority strand (N- polyphenisms, gall formation, and harboring diverse endosym- strand). -
Distribution Records of Aphids (Hemiptera: Phylloxeroidea, Aphidoidea) Associated with Main Forest-Forming Trees in Northern Europe
© Entomologica Fennica. 5 December 2012 Distribution records of aphids (Hemiptera: Phylloxeroidea, Aphidoidea) associated with main forest-forming trees in Northern Europe Andrey V. Stekolshchikov & Mikhail V. Kozlov Stekolshchikov, A. V.& Kozlov, M. V.2012: Distribution records of aphids (He- miptera: Phylloxeroidea, Aphidoidea) associated with main forest-forming trees in Northern Europe. — Entomol. Fennica 23: 206–214. We report records of 25 species of aphids collected from four species of woody plants (Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Betula pubescens and B. pendula)at50 study sites in Northern Europe, located from 59° to 70° N and from 10° to 60° E. Critical evaluation of earlier publications demonstrated that in spite of the obvi- ous limitations of our survey, the obtained information substantially contributed to the knowledge of the distribution of aphids in North European Russia, includ- ing Murmansk oblast (103 species recorded to date), Republic of Karelia (58 spe- cies), Arkhangelsk oblast (37 species), Vologda oblast (17 species) and Republic of Komi (29 species). We confirm the occurrence of Cinara nigritergi in South- ern Karelia; Pineus cembrae, Cinara pilosa and Monaphis antennata are for the first time recorded in Norway. A. V.Stekolshchikov, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Univer- sitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; E-mail: [email protected] M. V. Kozlov, Section of Ecology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; E-mail: [email protected] Received 2 February 2012, accepted 5 April 2012 1. Introduction cades (e.g., Albrecht 2012), no comparable data (with rare exceptions) exist for the northern parts Species distributions and, consequently, spatial of the European Russia. -
Extreme Genome Reduction in Buchnera Spp.: Toward the Minimal Genome Needed for Symbiotic Life
Extreme genome reduction in Buchnera spp.: Toward the minimal genome needed for symbiotic life Rosario Gil, Beatriz Sabater-Mun˜ oz, Amparo Latorre, Francisco J. Silva, and Andre´ s Moya* Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologı´aEvolutiva, Universitat de Valencia, Apartat Oficial 2085, 46071 Vale`ncia, Spain Communicated by Francisco J. Ayala, University of California, Irvine, CA, February 5, 2002 (received for review November 27, 2001) Buchnera is a mutualistic intracellular symbiont of aphids. Their transmission (10). A recent study has demonstrated they may association began about 200 million years ago, with host and have positive effects in host fitness (14). It is conceivable that symbiont lineages evolving in parallel since that time. During this S-endosymbionts may interact and modify the established mu- coevolutionary process, Buchnera has experienced a dramatic de- tualism between the aphid and Buchnera. crease of genome size, retaining only essential genes for its Phylogenetic studies have proven that the symbiosis between specialized lifestyle. Previous studies reported that genome size in Buchnera and its host resulted from a single bacterial infection Buchnera spp. is very uniform, suggesting that genome shrinkage of the common ancestor to all extant aphids about 200 million occurred early in evolution, and that modern lineages retain the years ago (15), leading to the cospeciation of the host and their genome size of a common ancestor. Our physical mapping of symbionts. During this coevolutionary process, Buchnera suf- Buchnera genomes obtained from five aphid lineages shows that fered considerable genomic changes (i.e., a great reduction in the genome size is not conserved among them, but has been genome size, an increased AϩT bias, great accumulation of reduced down to 450 kb in some species. -
Profile of Nancy A. Moran ‘‘ Always Liked Insects,’’ Says Nancy A
Profile of Nancy A. Moran ‘‘ always liked insects,’’ says Nancy A. bination,’’ she says. ‘‘Why have males Moran, Regent’s Professor of Ecol- and females, and not just reproduce by ogy and Evolutionary Biology at parthenogenesis and have all females?’’ the University of Arizona (Tuc- One of her advisors, William Hamilton, son,I AZ). ‘‘As a little kid, I was known had proposed that sexual reproduction as the girl who collected insects and had was important to create genetic diversity them in jars and things like that.’’ Years to stay one step ahead of coevolving later, this youthful bug collector has be- natural enemies, especially parasites and come a renowned entomologist whose pathogens. ‘‘I became interested in that work crosses over into multiple disci- idea and began looking at it in aphids,’’ plines, including microbiology, ecology, she says, ‘‘which are very useful since and molecular evolution. Moran’s re- they are parthogenetic for part of their search primarily focuses on the ecology life cycle’’ (3). and evolution of aphids and, since 1990, After receiving her Ph.D. in zoology has especially focused on the interaction in 1982, Moran spent the next several and coevolution of these small insects years studying evolutionary ecology in and the symbiotic bacteria that live in- aphids. ‘‘It was less than completely side of them. satisfying in a lot of ways,’’ she admits. ‘‘The whole evolution of insects has ‘‘At that time you were so far from the been in tandem with these bacteria,’’ actual genetic basis of the variation you Moran says. ‘‘We would not see insects were looking at, so you had no handle feeding on plant sap if it weren’t for as to which genes were actually causing symbiosis.’’ Elected to the National Nancy A. -
Phylogenetics of Buchnera Aphidicola Munson Et Al., 1991
Türk. entomol. derg., 2019, 43 (2): 227-237 ISSN 1010-6960 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.16970/entoted.527118 E-ISSN 2536-491X Original article (Orijinal araştırma) Phylogenetics of Buchnera aphidicola Munson et al., 1991 (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae) based on 16S rRNA amplified from seven aphid species1 Farklı yaprak biti türlerinden izole edilen Buchnera aphidicola Munson et al., 1991 (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae)’nın 16S rRNA’ya göre filogenetiği Gül SATAR2* Abstract The obligate symbiont, Buchnera aphidicola Munson et al., 1991 (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae) is important for the physiological processes of aphids. Buchnera aphidicola genes detected in seven aphid species, collected in 2017 from different plants and altitudes in Adana Province, Turkey were analyzed to reveal phylogenetic interactions between Buchnera and aphids. The 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced for this purpose and a phylogenetic tree built up by the neighbor-joining method. A significant correlation between B. aphidicola genes and the aphid species was revealed by this phylogenetic tree and the haplotype network. Specimens collected in Feke from Solanum melongena L. was distinguished from the other B. aphidicola genes on Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) with a high bootstrap value of 99. Buchnera aphidicola in Myzus spp. was differentiated from others, and the difference between Myzus cerasi (Fabricius, 1775) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776) was clear. Although, B. aphidicola is specific to its host aphid, certain nucleotide differences obtained within the species could enable specification to geographic region or host plant in the future. Keywords: Aphid, genetic similarity, phylogenetics, symbiotic bacterium Öz Obligat simbiyont, Buchnera aphidicola Munson et al., 1991 (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae), yaprak bitlerinin fizyolojik olaylarının sürdürülmesinde önemli bir rol oynar. -
Xavier Pons Catedràtic D'universitat
Xavier Pons Catedràtic d'Universitat Dades personals Descaregar imagen Categoria: Catedràtic d'Universitat Àrea de coneixement: Entomologia Adreça: ETSEA, Edifici Principal B, despatx 1.13.2 Telèfon: +34 973 702824 E-mail: [email protected] [ mailto:[email protected] ] Formació Acadèmica · Doctorat, Universitat Politèecnica de Catalunya (UPC), 1986 · Enginyer Agrònom, UPC, 1983 · Enginyer Tècnic en Explotacions Agropecuàries, 1978 Experiència Professional · 2002 – Actualitat: Catedràtic d’Universitat, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Departament de Producció Vegetal i Ciència Forestal · 1996 – 2002: Professor Titular d’Universitat, UdL, Departament de Producció Vegetal i Ciència Forestal · 1986 – 1996: Profesor Titular d’Escola Universitària, UdL, Departament de Producció Vegetal i Ciència Forestal · 1982 – 1986: Profesor Associat, UPC, Escola Universitària d’Enginyeria Tècnica Agrícola de Lleida Recerca · Control integrat de plagues de cultius herbacis extensius: panís, alfals i altres. · Biologia, ecologia i control de pugons. 1 · Control integrat de plagues en espais verds urbans. Docència · INCENDIS I SANITAT FORESTAL Grau en Enginyeria Forestal · SALUT SELS BOSCOS Grau en Enginyeria Forestal · PROTECCIÓ VEGETAL Grau en Enginyeria Agrària i Alimentària · ENTOMOLOGIA AGRÍCOLA Màster Universitari en Protecció Integrada de Cultius · PROGRAMES DE PROTECCIÓ INTEGRADA DE CULTIUS Màster Universitari en Protecció Integrada de Cultius Publicacions Recents Madeira F, di Lascio, Costantini ML, Rossi L, Pons X. 2019. Intercrop movement of heteropteran predators between alfalfa and maize examined by stable isotope analysis. Jorunal of Pest Science 92: 757-76. DOI: 10.1007/s10340-018-1049-y Karp D, Chaplin-Kramer R, Meehan TD, Martin EA, DeClerck F, et al. 2018. Crop pest and predators exhibit inconsistent responses to surrounding landscape composition. -
Aphid Species (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Infesting Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in the Poonch Division of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Amin et al., The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 27(4): 2017, Page:The J.1377 Anim.-1385 Plant Sci. 27(4):2017 ISSN: 1018-7081 APHID SPECIES (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) INFESTING MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN THE POONCH DIVISION OF AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR, PAKISTAN M. Amin1, K. Mahmood1 and I. Bodlah 2 1 Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Entomology, University of Poonch, 12350 Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan 2Department of Entomology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, 46000 Rawalpindi, Pakistan Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT This study conducted during 2015-2016 presents first systematic account of the aphids infesting therapeutic herbs used to cure human and veterinary ailments in the Poonch Division of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. In total 20 aphid species, representing 12 genera, were found infesting 35 medicinal and aromatic plant species under 31 genera encompassing 19 families. Aphis gossypii with 17 host plant species was the most polyphagous species followed by Myzus persicae and Aphis fabae that infested 15 and 12 host plant species respectively. Twenty-two host plant species had multiple aphid species infestation. Sonchus asper was infested by eight aphid species and was followed by Tagetes minuta, Galinosoga perviflora and Chenopodium album that were infested by 7, 6 and 5 aphid species respectively. Asteraceae with 11 host plant species under 10 genera, carrying 13 aphid species under 8 genera was the most aphid- prone plant family. A preliminary systematic checklist of studied aphids and list of host plant species are provided. Key words: Aphids, Medicinal/Aromatic plants, checklist, Poonch, Kashmir, Pakistan. -
Species List
The species collected in all Malaise traps are listed below. They are organized by group and are listed in the order of the 'Species Image Library'. ‘New’ refers to species that are brand new to our DNA barcode library. 'Rare' refers to species that were only collected in one trap out of all 59 that were deployed for the program. -
A Contribution to the Aphid Fauna of Greece
Bulletin of Insectology 60 (1): 31-38, 2007 ISSN 1721-8861 A contribution to the aphid fauna of Greece 1,5 2 1,6 3 John A. TSITSIPIS , Nikos I. KATIS , John T. MARGARITOPOULOS , Dionyssios P. LYKOURESSIS , 4 1,7 1 3 Apostolos D. AVGELIS , Ioanna GARGALIANOU , Kostas D. ZARPAS , Dionyssios Ch. PERDIKIS , 2 Aristides PAPAPANAYOTOU 1Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece 2Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece 3Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece 4Plant Virology Laboratory, Plant Protection Institute of Heraklion, National Agricultural Research Foundation (N.AG.RE.F.), Heraklion, Crete, Greece 5Present address: Amfikleia, Fthiotida, Greece 6Present address: Institute of Technology and Management of Agricultural Ecosystems, Center for Research and Technology, Technology Park of Thessaly, Volos, Magnesia, Greece 7Present address: Department of Biology-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece Abstract In the present study a list of the aphid species recorded in Greece is provided. The list includes records before 1992, which have been published in previous papers, as well as data from an almost ten-year survey using Rothamsted suction traps and Moericke traps. The recorded aphidofauna consisted of 301 species. The family Aphididae is represented by 13 subfamilies and 120 genera (300 species), while only one genus (1 species) belongs to Phylloxeridae. The aphid fauna is dominated by the subfamily Aphidi- nae (57.1 and 68.4 % of the total number of genera and species, respectively), especially the tribe Macrosiphini, and to a lesser extent the subfamily Eriosomatinae (12.6 and 8.3 % of the total number of genera and species, respectively). -
Aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae)
A peer-reviewed open-access journal BioRisk 4(1): 435–474 (2010) Aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae). Chapter 9.2 435 doi: 10.3897/biorisk.4.57 RESEARCH ARTICLE BioRisk www.pensoftonline.net/biorisk Aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae) Chapter 9.2 Armelle Cœur d’acier1, Nicolas Pérez Hidalgo2, Olivera Petrović-Obradović3 1 INRA, UMR CBGP (INRA / IRD / Cirad / Montpellier SupAgro), Campus International de Baillarguet, CS 30016, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France 2 Universidad de León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, 24071 – León, Spain 3 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, SER-11000, Belgrade, Serbia Corresponding authors: Armelle Cœur d’acier ([email protected]), Nicolas Pérez Hidalgo (nperh@unile- on.es), Olivera Petrović-Obradović ([email protected]) Academic editor: David Roy | Received 1 March 2010 | Accepted 24 May 2010 | Published 6 July 2010 Citation: Cœur d’acier A (2010) Aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae). Chapter 9.2. In: Roques A et al. (Eds) Alien terrestrial arthropods of Europe. BioRisk 4(1): 435–474. doi: 10.3897/biorisk.4.57 Abstract Our study aimed at providing a comprehensive list of Aphididae alien to Europe. A total of 98 species originating from other continents have established so far in Europe, to which we add 4 cosmopolitan spe- cies of uncertain origin (cryptogenic). Th e 102 alien species of Aphididae established in Europe belong to 12 diff erent subfamilies, fi ve of them contributing by more than 5 species to the alien fauna. Most alien aphids originate from temperate regions of the world. Th ere was no signifi cant variation in the geographic origin of the alien aphids over time. -
ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000).