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Systemic Racism, Police Brutality of Black People, and the Use of Violence in Quelling Peaceful Protests in America
SYSTEMIC RACISM, POLICE BRUTALITY OF BLACK PEOPLE, AND THE USE OF VIOLENCE IN QUELLING PEACEFUL PROTESTS IN AMERICA WILLIAMS C. IHEME* “Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter.” —Martin Luther King Jr Abstract: The Trump Administration and its mantra to ‘Make America Great Again’ has been calibrated with racism and severe oppression against Black people in America who still bear the deep marks of slavery. After the official abolition of slavery in the second half of the nineteenth century, the initial inability of Black people to own land, coupled with the various Jim Crow laws rendered the acquired freedom nearly insignificant in the face of poverty and hopelessness. Although the age-long struggles for civil rights and equal treatments have caused the acquisition of more black-letter rights, the systemic racism that still perverts the American justice system has largely disabled these rights: the result is that Black people continue to exist at the periphery of American economy and politics. Using a functional approach and other types of approach to legal and sociological reasoning, this article examines the supportive roles of Corporate America, Mainstream Media, and White Supremacists in winnowing the systemic oppression that manifests largely through police brutality. The article argues that some of the sustainable solutions against these injustices must be tackled from the roots and not through window-dressing legislation, which often harbor the narrow interests of Corporate America. Keywords: Black people, racism, oppression, violence, police brutality, prison, bail, mass incarceration, protests. Summary: 1. INTRODUCTION: SLAVE TRADE AS THE ENTRY POINT OF SYSTEMIC RACISM. -
Murder-Suicide Ruled in Shooting a Homicide-Suicide Label Has Been Pinned on the Deaths Monday Morning of an Estranged St
-* •* J 112th Year, No: 17 ST. JOHNS, MICHIGAN - THURSDAY, AUGUST 17, 1967 2 SECTIONS - 32 PAGES 15 Cents Murder-suicide ruled in shooting A homicide-suicide label has been pinned on the deaths Monday morning of an estranged St. Johns couple whose divorce Victims had become, final less than an hour before the fatal shooting. The victims of the marital tragedy were: *Mrs Alice Shivley, 25, who was shot through the heart with a 45-caliber pistol bullet. •Russell L. Shivley, 32, who shot himself with the same gun minutes after shooting his wife. He died at Clinton Memorial Hospital about 1 1/2 hqurs after the shooting incident. The scene of the tragedy was Mrsy Shivley's home at 211 E. en name, Alice Hackett. Lincoln Street, at the corner Police reconstructed the of Oakland Street and across events this way. Lincoln from the Federal-Mo gul plant. It happened about AFTER LEAVING court in the 11:05 a.m. Monday. divorce hearing Monday morn ing, Mrs Shivley —now Alice POLICE OFFICER Lyle Hackett again—was driven home French said Mr Shivley appar by her mother, Mrs Ruth Pat ently shot himself just as he terson of 1013 1/2 S. Church (French) arrived at the home Street, Police said Mrs Shlv1 in answer to a call about a ley wanted to pick up some shooting phoned in fromtheFed- papers at her Lincoln Street eral-Mogul plant. He found Mr home. Shivley seriously wounded and She got out of the car and lying on the floor of a garage went in the front door* Mrs MRS ALICE SHIVLEY adjacent to -• the i house on the Patterson got out of-'the car east side. -
Research Evaluation of the City of Columbus' Response to the 2020
Research Evaluation of the City of Columbus’ Response to the 2020 Summer Protests Trevor L. Brown, Ph.D. Carter M. Stewart, J.D. John Glenn College of Public Affairs, The Ohio State University Table of Contents 1 Overview 5 Executive Summary of Findings and Recommendations 11 Context: Systemic Racism, Policing and Protests 17 Columbus Context and Timeline of Key Events 25 Chapter 1: Citizen-Police Relations and the Protests; Community Member Trauma 32 Chapter 2: City and Columbus Division of Police Leadership and Incident Command 41 Chapter 3: Policy and Training 52 Chapter 4: Officer Wellness and Morale 57 Chapter 5: Mutual Aid 61 Chapter 6: Transparency, Accountability, Public Communication, and Social Media 67 Conclusion 69 Works Cited 80 Appendix A: Recommendations and Findings 92 Appendix B: Research Design, Methods, and Data 99 Appendix C: Columbus Police After Action Review Team 109 Appendix D: List of Acronyms Acknowledgements The research presented in this report benefitted from a diversity of perspectives, backgrounds, disciplinary expertise, and professional experience. In particular, the lead researchers are indebted to the National Police Foundation, the primary subcontractor on this project. The National Police Foundation’s staff, notably Frank Straub and Ben Gorban, harnessed their expertise of policing across the United States and around the globe to ensure that the findings and recommendations aligned with the evolving knowledge base of policing best practice. We are grateful to the array of investigators and interviewers who volunteered their time, energy and expertise to conduct over 170 interviews in the midst of a global pandemic. Our Advisory Board also volunteered their time to guide the research and offer insights from a variety of disciplines that inform the as- sessment of protest behavior and police response. -
Queens Today
VolumeVol. 66, No.65, 37No. 207 MONDAY,THURSDAY, FEBRUARY JUNE 4, 10, 2020 2020 50¢ Dr. Berenecea Johnson Eanes ‘We can is the interim QUEENS president of York College. turn toward’ Photo courtesy of York College TODAY Community must unite during this FebruaryJUNE 4, 10, 2020 2020 time of turmoil QUEENS COUNCILMEMBER BOB By Berenecea Johnson Eanes, PhD Holden has called for the National Guard to Special to the Eagle be deployed to New York City, but Mayor Bill Three names are on my mind as I write de Blasio said that would be unnecessary. this with a heavy heart: Ahmaud Arbery, Breonna Taylor and George Floyd. “WHEN OUTSIDE ARMED FORCES Three families mourning loved ones go into communities no good comes of it,” de who did not return home. They now join a Blasio said yesterday. “We have seen this for much longer list of Black individuals who decades…They have not been spending de- have been senselessly killed as we yet cades on the relationship between police and again are reminded of the seemingly ines- communities,QUEENS particularly in the intensive way capable presence of racism in its various that it has been worked on in recent years.” forms in our country. These are tragic times, but we do not THE COUNCIL WILL VOTE JUNE 9 have to be limited by these events or in on two police reform bills introduced by the ways we choose to respond to one an- Queens Councilmembers Donovan Richards, other. We must fully center our humanity will have a specific impact on Queens. -
The Evolution of Commercial Rap Music Maurice L
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2011 A Historical Analysis: The Evolution of Commercial Rap Music Maurice L. Johnson II Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF COMMUNICATION A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS: THE EVOLUTION OF COMMERCIAL RAP MUSIC By MAURICE L. JOHNSON II A Thesis submitted to the Department of Communication in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Degree Awarded: Summer Semester 2011 The members of the committee approve the thesis of Maurice L. Johnson II, defended on April 7, 2011. _____________________________ Jonathan Adams Thesis Committee Chair _____________________________ Gary Heald Committee Member _____________________________ Stephen McDowell Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members. ii I dedicated this to the collective loving memory of Marlena Curry-Gatewood, Dr. Milton Howard Johnson and Rashad Kendrick Williams. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the individuals, both in the physical and the spiritual realms, whom have assisted and encouraged me in the completion of my thesis. During the process, I faced numerous challenges from the narrowing of content and focus on the subject at hand, to seemingly unjust legal and administrative circumstances. Dr. Jonathan Adams, whose gracious support, interest, and tutelage, and knowledge in the fields of both music and communications studies, are greatly appreciated. Dr. Gary Heald encouraged me to complete my thesis as the foundation for future doctoral studies, and dissertation research. -
Midwest American Culture Association
Midwest Popular Culture Association and Midwest American Culture Association Annual Conference #mpca14 1 Midwest Popular Culture Association and Midwest American Culture Association Annual Conference Friday, October 3 – Sunday, October 5, 2014 JW Marriot 10 S. West Street Indianapolis, Indiana 46204 t – 1-317-860-5800 MPCA/ACA website: http://www.mpcaaca.org #mpca14 Executive Secretary: Kathleen Turner, Communication, Aurora University, Aurora, IL 60506, [email protected] Conference Coordinator: Lori Abels Scharenbroich, Crosslake, MN, [email protected] Webmaster: Matthew Kneller, Communication, Aurora University, [email protected] Program Book Editors: [email protected] Pamela Wicks, Communication, Aurora University Anne Canavan, English, Modern Languages and Journalism, Emporia State University Sarah Petrovic, English, Oklahoma Wesleyan University 2 FEATURED SPEAKER SESSIONS Friday, October 3, 6:30-8:00 pm Descriptions of each session are available on pages 27-28 "Kickstarting Community: Disability, Access, and Participation in My Gimpy Life" Dr. Elizabeth Ellcessor, Indiana University, Room 208 “Words on Fire: Restoring Ray Bradbury’s Early Tales” Dr. Jonathon R. Eller, Indiana University, Room 209 3 LUNCHEON GUEST SPEAKER Saturday, October 4, 2014, 12:00-1:30 pm, Griffin Hall Julia A. Whitehead Executive Director, Kurt Vonnegut Memorial Library “The Vonnegut Library: We Are What We Pretend to Be Tales” Julia Whitehead, a former Marine, is the founder of the Kurt Vonnegut Memorial Library. She has written/edited for Random House, Military Officers Association, Eli Lilly, and the legislatures of South Carolina and Indiana. Whitehead taught English to 100 children in Bangkok. She holds degrees/certificates from the University of South Carolina, George Washington, University of Indianapolis, Seton Hall, and Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis. -
REFORMING POLICING André Douglas Pond Cummings* INTRODUCTION
CUMMINGS, 10 DREXEL L. REV. 573.DOCX (DO NOT DELETE) 6/4/18 9:02 PM REFORMING POLICING andré douglas pond cummings* TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ........................................................................575 I. HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF POLICING IN THE UNITED STATES ...........................................................................578 II. CONNECTING HISTORY WITH CURRENT PRACTICES .........583 III. NATIONWIDE POLICE REFORM EFFORTS FINDING SUCCESS .........................................................................591 A. Policing in a Multiracial Society Project ................591 B. The Use of Force Project ..........................................595 C. Community Policing in Cincinnati ........................597 D. De-escalation Research in Spokane .........................600 IV. REFORMING POLICING ......................................................604 A. Hiring ......................................................................604 B. Training ..................................................................606 C. Retention .................................................................615 D. Reforming Use of Deadly Force Law ......................617 E. De-militarizing Police Forces ..................................622 CONCLUSION ...........................................................................626 APPENDIX A ............................................................................629 APPENDIX B .............................................................................630 * Visiting -
Journal of Hip Hop Studies
et al.: Journal of Hip Hop Studies Published by VCU Scholars Compass, 2014 1 Journal of Hip Hop Studies, Vol. 1 [2014], Iss. 1, Art. 1 Editor in Chief: Daniel White Hodge, North Park University Book Review Editor: Gabriel B. Tait, Arkansas State University Associate Editors: Cassandra Chaney, Louisiana State University Jeffrey L. Coleman, St. Mary’s College of Maryland Monica Miller, Lehigh University Editorial Board: Dr. Rachelle Ankney, North Park University Dr. Jason J. Campbell, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Jim Dekker, Cornerstone University Ms. Martha Diaz, New York University Mr. Earle Fisher, Rhodes College/Abyssinian Baptist Church, United States Dr. Daymond Glenn, Warner Pacific College Dr. Deshonna Collier-Goubil, Biola University Dr. Kamasi Hill, Interdenominational Theological Center Dr. Andre Johnson, Memphis Theological Seminary Dr. David Leonard, Washington State University Dr. Terry Lindsay, North Park University Ms. Velda Love, North Park University Dr. Anthony J. Nocella II, Hamline University Dr. Priya Parmar, SUNY Brooklyn, New York Dr. Soong-Chan Rah, North Park University Dr. Rupert Simms, North Park University Dr. Darron Smith, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Dr. Jules Thompson, University Minnesota, Twin Cities Dr. Mary Trujillo, North Park University Dr. Edgar Tyson, Fordham University Dr. Ebony A. Utley, California State University Long Beach, United States Dr. Don C. Sawyer III, Quinnipiac University Media & Print Manager: Travis Harris https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/jhhs/vol1/iss1/1 2 et al.: Journal of Hip Hop Studies Sponsored By: North Park Universities Center for Youth Ministry Studies (http://www.northpark.edu/Centers/Center-for-Youth-Ministry-Studies) . FO I ITH M I ,I T R T IDIE .ORT ~ PAru<.UN~V RSllY Save The Kids Foundation (http://savethekidsgroup.org/) 511<, a f't.dly volunteer 3raSS-roots or3an:za6on rooted :n h;,P ho,P and transf'orMat:ve j us6c.e, advocates f'or alternat:ves to, and the end d, the :nc..arc.eration of' al I youth . -
A Current Listing of Contents Di
a current listing of contents dI Volume 7 I Number 4 Winter 1988 Published by Susan Searing, Women's Studies Librarian University of Wisconsin System 112A Memorial Library 728 State Street Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (608) 263- 5754 a current listing of contents Volume 7, Number 4 Winter 1988 Periodical 1i terature is the cutting edge of women's scholarship, feminist theory, and much of women's culture. Feminist Periodicals: A Current Listing of Contents is published by the Office of the University of Wisconsin System Women's Studies Librarian on a quarterly basis with the intent of increasing public awareness of feminist periodicals. It is our hope that Feminist Periodicals wi 11 serve several purposes: to keep the reader abreast of current topics in feminist literature; to increase readers' famil iarity with a wide spectrum of feminist periodicals; and to provide the requisite bibliographic information should a reader wish to subscribe to a journal or to obtain a particular article at her library or through interlibrary loan. (Users will need to be aware of the limitations of the new copyright law with regard to photocopying of copyrighted materials.) Table of contents pages from current issues of major feminist journals are reproduced in each issue of Feminist Periodicals, preceded by a comprehensive annotated listing of all journals we have selected. As publication schedules vary enormously, not every periodical will have table of contents pages reproduced in each issue of FP. The annotated listing provides the following information on each journal : Year of first publication. Frequency of pub1 icati on. U.S. -
Investigation Report and Recommendations
INVESTIGATION REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS CITY OF AURORA, COLORADO Pursuant to a City Council Resolution Approved July 20, 2020 February 22, 2021 MEMBERS OF THE INDEPENDENT REVIEW PANEL Jonathan Smith Dr. Melissa Costello Roberto Villaseñor TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. REPORT SUMMARY.......................................................................................................1 The Decision to Stop Mr. McClain ......................................................................................2 The Decision to Frisk Mr. McClain .....................................................................................3 The Decision to Arrest Mr. McClain by Physically Restraining and Moving Him ............3 The Decision to Apply Force in Response to the Threat or Perceived Threat that Mr. McClain Reached for an Officer’s Gun ............................................................4 The Application of a Second Carotid Hold when Mr. McClain Was on the Ground ..........5 The Continuous Use of Pain Compliance and the Contrast Between the Officers’ Assertions and Mr. McClain’s Audible Statement ..................................................5 Aurora Fire’s Delay in Treating Mr. McClain and Lack of a Transition Plan ....................6 Aurora Fire’s Diagnosis of Excited Delirium and Administration of Ketamine .................7 The Aurora Police Department’s After-Incident Investigations ..........................................7 Key Recommendations ........................................................................................................8 -
Total People Killed by Concealed Carry Killers May 2007 to the Present
Total People Killed by Concealed Carry Killers May 2007 to the Present The following vignettes describe the circumstances for all killings (private citizen, law enforcement, mass shootings, murder-suicide) not ruled self-defense by private individuals legally allowed to carry concealed handguns. The descriptions include the current, known status of any charges filed against the concealed carry killer as reported by news sources as well as noting instances where the perpetrator committed suicide. The Violence Policy Center welcomes any new information regarding the status of any case (with verifiable source(s)). Use this link to contact the VPC: http://www.vpc.org/contact.htm. Alabama Concealed Handgun Permit Holder: Unidentified UNINTENTIONAL Date: November 14, 2018 People Killed: 1 Circumstances: On November 14, 2018, two-year-old Ke’Anthony Jelks, Jr. found his father’s gun and unintentionally shot himself in the face. He was pronounced dead at the scene. Ke’Anthony’s father had a concealed carry permit. According to Ke’Anthony’s great-grandmother, “The father had just gotten off work. And probably just set the gun somewhere, and like I said, children look around and play with stuff. And that just probably happened to fall in his eyesight. And he got it.” Sources: “Two-year-old toddler dies after he found father’s loaded weapon and accidentally shot himself in the face,” meaww.com, November 16, 2018. Alabama Concealed Handgun Permit Holder: Dalton Martin Jowers PENDING Date: June 10, 2017 People Killed: 1 Circumstances: On June 10, 2017, concealed handgun permit holder Dalton Martin Jowers, 19, allegedly shot and killed Lauren Wright, 17, outside a home where Wright was visiting friends. -
The Capitol Riot, Racism and the Future of American Democracy
American University National Security Law Brief Volume 11 Issue 2 Article 2 2021 The Capitol Riot, Racism and the Future of American Democracy Ryan T. Williams Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/nslb Part of the National Security Law Commons Recommended Citation Ryan T. Williams "The Capitol Riot, Racism and the Future of American Democracy," American University National Security Law Brief, Vol. 11, No. 2 (2021). Available at: https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/nslb/vol11/iss2/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in American University National Security Law Brief by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Capitol Riot, Racism and the Future of American Democracy Ryan T. Williams* ABSTRACT The Capitol Riot in Washington D.C. was a coup attempt intending to upend American democracy. Although the attempted coup was ultimately unsuccessful, it remains a matter of ongoing concern. The socioeconomic and political factors that lead to the coup, namely the ever-broadening gap between the rich and poor in America, along racial lines, massive unemployment leftover from a worldwide pandemic, and social unrest and discord, still exist. History has shown when these factors are present—democracies fail. This Article examines the current, precarious state of American democracy, starting with unsettling comparisons to 1930’s Germany and concluding with an examination of famed historian Juan Linz’s Litmus test for a healthy democracy.