The Annual Assessment of Policing in England and Wales 2018 Her Majesty’S Chief Inspector of Constabulary

State of Policing The Annual Assessment of Policing in England and Wales

2018Her Majesty’s Chief Inspector of Constabulary State of Policing – The Annual Assessment of Policing in England and Wales 2018 Her Majesty’s Chief Inspector of Constabulary

Presented to Parliament pursuant to section 54 of the Police Act 1996

©HMICFRS 2019

You may re-use this information (excluding logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence. To view this licence, visit www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

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Cover image © PjrNews / Alamy Stock Photo © Hampshire Constabulary 6 Foreword

Part 1: Overview 12 Overview

Part 2: Our inspections 46 Our PEEL inspections 80 Child protection inspections 92 Specialist inspections 110 Specialist rolling inspections 124 Inspections of non-Home Office forces 136 Other work

Part 3: Our reports 148 Our reports Contents 150 Reports published 158 References

Annexes 168 Annex A: Police force areas 169 Annex B: About us 183 Annex C: Peelian principles 184 Annex D: Our finances and our workforce 186 Annex E: Our inspections by force

5 © PA Images STATE POLICING OF Foreword This is my report to the Secretary of State under section 54 of the Police Act 1996.

It contains my assessment of the effectiveness FOREWORD and efficiency of policing in England and Wales, based on the inspections we carried out between April 2018 and May 2019.

My report on the effectiveness and efficiency of fire and rescue services in England will be published separately.

This report’s structure and purpose Part 1 contains my assessment of the state of policing in England and Wales. In making my assessment, I have drawn on the inspections we carried out over the past year, as well as the findings and reports of other organisations, and other information and analysis available to me.

Part 2 gives an overview of the findings of the inspections we carried out between 1 April 2018 and 2 May 2019, including a summary of our police efficiency, effectiveness and legitimacy (PEEL) inspections.

Part 3 sets out the full list of our inspections and other work in the year in question.

The results of our individual inspections enable an assessment of the performance of individual forces, or a more general assessment of performance in specific aspects of policing. I hope that people, including the public, who hold policing to account will draw on the overall conclusions in this report just as much as they draw on the specific conclusions we have reached for each force.

6 STATE OF POLICING FOREWORD 7

© Sussex Police separate tranches (covered in detail in Part in 2). detail in (covered tranches separate We have also changed the way we report the findings from from report findings we the way changed the also have We three to go one in forces 43 – from inspections PEEL our rather than two. We hope that police forces will have have will forces police that hope We two. than rather welcomed this. inspections in each force rather than separate inspections. inspections. separate than rather force each in inspections week one took inspections the half this, of Because For this year’s PEEL programme, we reduced by by reduced we programme, PEEL year’s this For answer to sought we questions of number the a third single carried integrated, out we and inspections, the in ground’. This continuous process enables us to adopt adopt enables to process us This continuous ground’. approach. risk-based an integrated, Inspection is a continuous process of design, monitoring monitoring design, of process a continuous is Inspection the on ‘boots have when we just isn’t it reporting; and Changes to our programme PEEL to Changes STATE POLICING OF HMI Phil Gormley This year, we have been pleased to welcome HMI Phil Gormley to the inspectorate. Mr Gormley was appointed as Her Majesty’s Inspector of Constabulary in October 2018. A former chief constable of two police forces and deputy director general of the National Crime Agency, he brings with him his very considerable experience of leadership

FOREWORD in policing and law enforcement.

Since joining Thames Valley Police in 1985, Mr Gormley’s highly creditable achievements include developing the national blueprint for counter-terrorism policing; designing and implementing the national arrangements for dealing with serious and organised crime; and leading the largest-ever UK law enforcement operation targeting the online abuse of children.

With considerable advantage to the public, HMI Gormley is already putting his experience to very good use at the inspectorate. I look forward to working closely and constructively with him in the years to come.

8 Contributions to my assessment The Peelian principles STATE POLICING OF When compiling this assessment, I wrote to chief are as relevant today constables, police and crime commissioners and their as the day when they equivalents and other interested parties, inviting them to contribute their views on the state of policing in England and were first introduced Wales. I received a substantial number of very thoughtful to every new police and insightful responses. Much of what they said resonated officer.

with my views, those of my fellow HMIs, and our inspection FOREWORD findings in general. I would like to place on record my warmest thanks to all those who responded, for their very helpful contributions.

Of course, a major contribution to my assessment comes from HMICFRS staff. It is they who devote their efforts to carrying out the full range of our day-to-day activities and inspections. They do so conscientiously, thoroughly and diligently, always observing our values of honesty, integrity, fairness, independence and respect. They too have my very great thanks for all they do.

The Peelian principles Some 190 years after their appointment, we remain indebted to the first Commissioners of Police of the Metropolis, Sir Charles Rowan and Sir Richard Mayne. They are credited with devising nine enduring principles of policing, commonly known as ‘the Peelian principles’, after the then Home Secretary Sir Robert Peel.1 These principles are as relevant today as the day, in 1829, when they were first introduced to every new police officer.

In compiling this year’s assessment, I have highlighted several of the Peelian principles and their particular relevance to contemporary matters. As ever, there are lessons to be learned from history.

Sir Thomas P Winsor Her Majesty’s Chief Inspector of Constabulary

9 © Dorset Police 10 Part 1: Overview

11 STATE POLICING OF Most forces are performing well, Overview despite many new This year’s assessment contains four principal points. policing challenges. The first is that most forces are performing well, despite many new policing challenges. Our police show integrity and – often – considerable bravery as they deal with the many PART OVERVIEW 1: demands they face, some of which are increasing in scale and complexity.

The second is that, in some important respects, the wider criminal justice system is dysfunctional and defective. In particular, the system lets down children and other vulnerable people. As well as often being victims of crime, they may become trapped in a cycle of offending, conviction, punishment, release and re-offending. The police are getting better at identifying and protecting some vulnerable victims. But, generally, there is not enough emphasis on prevention and early intervention to break the cycle.

The third is that there is a mismatch between police funding and public expectations. The police funding arrangements are flawed in two respects: they do not take enough account of the unique circumstances of each force; and funding is provided on too short-term a basis. But, above all, there is a widening gap between the needs of the public and the police’s capacity and capability to meet them. Our work on force management statements, which does much to reveal the extent of the problem, will help policymakers as they make difficult decisions about where to allocate public funds.

12 STATE OF POLICING PART 1: OVERVIEW 13

© Sussex Police system, there are options for voluntary or compulsory reform; compulsoryor voluntary reform; for options are there system, strong. increasingly becoming is latter the case for the single system of law enforcement, with clear local, regional regional clear local, with enforcement, law of system single a such develop to police the For components. national and act as barriers to the exchange of intelligence, to to intelligence, of exchange the barriers as act to efficiencyeffectiveness. true and to and co-operation, efficient and an effective develop need to a pressing is There The fourth is that there needs to be reform of national, national, of be reform needs to there The that is fourth the respects, many too In local and arrangements. regional structure force 43 current the by map created the on lines STATE POLICING OF PART OVERVIEW 1:

Most forces are performing well, despite many new policing challenges We continue to have generally high standards of policing. The 43 police forces of England and Wales are unerringly dedicated to serving the public. Most are performing well, keeping people safe, using their resources efficiently and treating their workforces and the communities they serve fairly and with respect.

And the integrity and bravery of our police, which I have commented on many times before, remain abundantly evident. There are again countless examples of police officers putting themselves in harm’s way to protect us. This year, none is better than the awarding, in July 2018, of the George Medal to constables Charlie Guenigault of the Metropolitan Police Service and Wayne Marques of British Transport Police, and the Queen’s Gallantry Medal to Constable Leon McLeod of British Transport Police.1 These officers, all unarmed and one off duty at the time, confronted terrorists at London Bridge as they inflicted deadly violence on defenceless people. These officers are a credit to their forces and to the whole police service.

14 STATE OF POLICING PART 1: OVERVIEW 15

Policing hadPolicing much with contend to in past the year.

It raised important questions about the police’s ability to ability to raised importantIt about police’s questions the types threat. and crime new of to adapt This went on for three days, causing disruption for many many for disruption causing days, three for on This went Christmas. before just travel to people hoping of thousands criminal investigation that followed. followed. that criminal investigation Gatwick Airport the incident. was drone there Sussex, In previously unimaginable public safety concerns after the concerns safety after the public unimaginable previously complex highly the and a nerveunlawful of agent, use But we have also seen extraordinary events placing major major placing events seen also extraordinary have But we the of one Police, Wiltshire forces. other on demands deal with to had Wales, and England in forces smallest to the motorway network deep into the county, if problems problems if county, the deep into network motorway the to Tunnel. Channel the or Dover at arise through which so many internationally-bound lorries pass which internationally-bound so many through disruption major of risk ever-present the is there day, each challenges. And forces with an international air or sea or port air an international with And forces challenges. plans contingency make to had have also may area their in Kent, in example, For disruption. possible deal with to with high-profile protests and threats ofserious violence threats and protests high-profile with policing own its created has representatives, elected to For all forces, there remain significant questions over the the over questions significant remain there forces, all For co-operation enforcement law for arrangements future climate, political The heated forces. police European with Many forces were preparing to meet the policing demands demands policing the meet to preparing were forces Many Union. European the UK leaving the with associated demanding and complex crimes the police have to deal deal to have police crimes the complex and demanding rise. the on are with But policing had much to contend with in the past year. year. past the in with contend to much had But policing most the of some and falling longer no are rates Crime of the police to continue to improve. improve. to continue to police the of demandsMajor from extraordinary events Cheshire and Lancashire forces, both of which made made which of both forces, Lancashire and Cheshire accuracy. recording crime their in improvements notable the and willingness ability exemplified have These forces and the recommendations we make. This year was no no was year This make. we recommendations the and the by set examples distinguished were There exception. The police usually respond well to our inspection reports inspection our to well respond usually The police In London, we saw the effects of organised environmental STATE POLICING OF Many people will protests, bringing extensive disruption to parts of the become trapped in capital. This prompted the Metropolitan Police Service a cycle of offending, – the largest force in the UK – to ask for help from its conviction, punishment, neighbouring forces. release and re- offending. In the past 12 months, several forces have experienced high demand due to knife crime. Regrettably, 20 years after the PART OVERVIEW 1: publication of the Macpherson report,2 levels of street violence are rising, and this is disproportionately affecting young black men. It is only with an imaginative, co-ordinated approach, based on what really works, that communities will be able to stem and then reverse the rise of these appalling, brutal crimes and keep vulnerable young people safer on our streets.

Most, if not all, forces in England and Wales can offer examples of extraordinary policing challenges. Cases of this nature usually attract plenty of coverage in the media. But, behind the headlines, there is a different story about policing that needs to be told.

This story is about what the police must, should and could do for the public; how they have to do it as part of a wider system that isn’t working properly; dilemmas facing the Government over police funding; and how the policing landscape must change, if the service is to meet the demands of now and the future.

In some important respects, the criminal justice system is dysfunctional and defective The criminal justice system exists to prevent crime and disorder, detect offences, acquit the innocent and convict the guilty, bringing offenders to justice, and – very importantly – rehabilitating them.

The demands on the police and the police’s success in tackling crime depend, in no small part, on the success of the other criminal justice bodies and public sector entities concerned with the orderly functioning of civil society. It also requires the smooth functioning of the system as a whole.

16 STATE OF POLICING PART 1: OVERVIEW 17 © Greater Manchester Police Manchester Greater © civil society. cycle of offending, conviction, punishment, release and and release punishment, conviction, offending, of cycle police, the on burdens more place will All this re-offending. and system justice criminal the parts of other the and disorder will continue to rise. Some people will be both be both people will Some rise. to continue will disorder a in becometrapped will Many offenders victims. and But, in some important respects, the system is dysfunctional dysfunctional is system the important some respects, in But, and crime improve, And unless things defective. and Vulnerable people in the criminal justice system STATE POLICING OF Those who enter the criminal justice system are often among the most vulnerable in society.

Take, for example, young people, particularly those who may not have benefited from the stable, secure upbringing and decent education that so many of us have taken for granted. Children who suffer adverse childhood experiences, such PART OVERVIEW 1: as witnessing domestic abuse or having a parent who is addicted to alcohol or drugs, are more likely to end up in the criminal justice system. And those children who are in the care of the state are more likely to have particularly poor outcomes: they are vulnerable to homelessness, exploitation and gangs.

18 STATE OF POLICING PART 1: OVERVIEW 19

Those who enter enter who Those the criminal justice among often are system the most vulnerable in society.

3 So it should come as no no as come should it So 6 4 Too many prisoners live in an environment of of an environment in live prisoners many Too 5 finding accommodation or work. or accommodation finding their a success of make to struggle will many that surprise crime. of lives old their to return and prison after lives For people released from prison, there is no guarantee of of guarantee no is there prison, from people released For and finance, and benefits support with proper dealing in non-existent. Instead, some inevitably Instead, learnnon-existent. more effective inmates. fellow their from ways criminal to basic education, and their opportunities to be trained be trained to opportunities their and education, basic to to close even or be poor, may occupation, useful some for during 2018. of levels high are There serving while fear sentences. their and innumeracyilliteracy among prisoners. And their access violence, drugs, squalor, self-harm and suicide. In prisons, prisons, In and suicide. self-harm squalor, drugs, violence, highs record reached both incidents self-harm and assaults situation, has my full support.has my situation, encounter to likely are they prison, When to people go which she now has to carry through adult life. The campaign The campaign life. carry adult to has through now she which defence a statutory provide would which law’, ‘Sammy’s for similar in a themselves find to enough unfortunate those to exploitation, Sammy Woodhouse was forced by her abusers her abusers by forced was Woodhouse Sammy exploitation, record her a criminal giving crimes, commit to Rotherham in crimes closely linked with their predicament, the law law the predicament, their with linked crimes closely necessarily be responsible. not may they that recognises sexual and grooming child of victim a 14-year-old As through no fault of their own. For example, if victims of of victims if example, For own. their of fault no through to commit forced trafficking are modern human slavery or percentage of prisoners have mental health problems. health mental have prisoners of percentage end up crimes vulnerable committing Some people may well-documented, chronic and weaknesses unremedied chronic well-documented, a high and provision, health mental children’s and adult in Another example of vulnerable people entering the criminal criminal the people entering vulnerable of example Another are There illness. mental experiencing those is system justice happening to younger children: there are eight-year-olds eight-year-olds are there children: younger to happening 14, are they time By the carrying drugs. hiding and weapons hardened. are they from school. They are not being educated in school, so they they so school, in educated being not are They school. from increasingly This is worse. much something in educated are Many children who end up in gangs have been excluded been excluded have gangs in end up who children Many STATE POLICING OF PART OVERVIEW 1:

Since 2010, the proportion of offenders with a long criminal career (more than 15 previous cautions or convictions) has increased. In 2018, nearly two-fifths (37 percent) of the offending population fitted this description, an increase of 10 percent since 2008.7 Repeat offenders place tremendous demands on the police and cause harm to victims. Their almost inevitably circular journey through the system is a cycle that must be permanently broken.

I welcome the reversal of the ill-conceived and deeply flawed privatisation of the probation service. This policy put public safety at risk and saw the average number of re-offences per offender rise by 22 percent,8 at a cost of hundreds of millions to the taxpayer.

20 STATE OF POLICING PART 1: OVERVIEW 21

Virtually all the costs Virtually the costs all the criminal justice of incurred are system hasafter crime a been committed.

11 12 Over recent decades, there have been continued been continued have there decades, recent Over 10 children’s social care team worker. team care social children’s in his bedroom, it was recovered by a police officer he was was officer a police he by recovered was it bedroom, his in familiar during joint visit with, a well-co-ordinated with the The boy had already been charged with carrying been with charged already a knife. had The boy been a knife concealing had he that discovered When was it tight network around him, responding flexibly and creatively creatively and flexibly responding him, around network tight suffered he further harm. before risks reduce to of criminal exploitation and was at risk of sexual exploitation. exploitation. sexual of risk at was and exploitation criminal of professionals four of up made teen’, the around A ‘team a created local authority, the and police the school, his from In a joint inspection of child protection arrangements in in arrangements protection child of inspection a joint In had who boy a 14-year-old learned of we Southend-on-Sea, victim been the previously He had missing. gone repeatedly lives of often vulnerable people better overall. people better vulnerable often of lives Fewer victims of homicide or stabbings will always be be homicide always will or stabbings of victims Fewer Early intervention jail. people in throwing just to preferable making the about is it offending: reducing about just not is priorities for policing. priorities for perception survey said that they are interested in what what in interested are they survey said that perception to And responding crime. prevent to doing are police the top public’s the are crime preventing emergencies and But it’s not just about the money. Naturally, the public would would public the Naturally, money. the about just not But it’s to crime want they but be punished, offenders to expect public our to respondents of Two-thirds too. be prevented incurred after a crime has been committed. In policing policing In been has a crime after committed. incurred cure. cheaper far is than prevention justice, criminal and crime and knife crime are all on the increase. the on all are crime knife and crime are system justice criminal the of Virtually costs the all falls in overall levels of crime. But in the past year there has has there year past the But in crime. of levels overall in falls vehicle fraud, robbery, and change, been significant no a whole, the homicide rate is at its highest in ten years. ten in highest its at is rate homicide the a whole, to come has crime violent in trend downward The 20-year an end. The consequences of the dysfunctional and defective and defective dysfunctional The the consequences of society as In see. to care who all to evident are system The importance and early intervention prevention of The risk, not only to him but also to the wider public, was STATE POLICING OF Early intervention to therefore tackled effectively. That’s immediate prevention. prevent offending, and The boy has also built a relationship of trust with the team, rehabilitating offenders, providing the basis for further progress. That’s the are important not just long-term prevention. for the police and other public services, but for An excellent example of this approach is the Early Action Together work in Wales.13 This sees all four Welsh forces PART OVERVIEW 1: the whole community. collaborating with Public Health Wales on early intervention and prevention work with children who have suffered adverse childhood experiences. Giving these children early support will have longer-term benefits, not only for the police, but for health, education and other public services.

Peel’s first principle (see Annex C) says that “the basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder”. It is extremely important that this obligation is given the attention and resources it needs. But the obligations on government and society extend beyond this. For example, parental responsibility, housing, education, health and social conditions generally, all need to be taken more seriously if crime is to be reduced. Early intervention to prevent offending, and rehabilitating offenders, are important not just for the police and other public services, but for the whole community. Until society takes these things more seriously, demands on the criminal justice system will not reduce.

It is more than 20 years since legislation was enacted to prompt police and other public bodies to exchange more information and work together more closely.14 Yet the degree to which these agencies co-operate remains below that which the public have a right to expect. The public, through their local and national politicians, have a choice to make about how best to allocate money between dealing with the causes of crime and its consequences. Prevention is always cheaper, not only in financial terms, but in lives damaged or lost, and the strain on emergency and public services.

22 STATE OF POLICING PART 1: OVERVIEW 23 Most vulnerable people people Most vulnerable in more vulnerable are than one way. we have published published have we 15 16 © Greater Manchester Police Manchester Greater © agency safeguarding hubs; increased use of body-worn body-worn of use increased hubs; safeguarding agency schools and police the schemes and involving video; support children. to together working some. Encouragingly, the police response continues to to continues response police the Encouragingly, some. carried being by out seen work good have We improve. multi- most police in forces including training; investment a series of reports on the police response to this often often this to response police reports the on a series of destroys and many of lives the blights which crime hidden Some of the most vulnerable in society are those who are are who those society are in vulnerable most the of Some Since 2014, abuse. domestic of victims communities, and understand that most vulnerable most and understand peoplecommunities, that way. one than more in vulnerable are investigating crime against them. But this is inconsistent inconsistent is But this them. against crime investigating need Forces people. vulnerable of differentgroups among own their specific in of vulnerability the types of be aware to Forces are becoming better at identifying some vulnerable identifying vulnerable some at better becoming are Forces to resources specialist right the allocating and groups Identifying and protecting vulnerable victims STATE POLICING OF PART OVERVIEW 1:

There are welcome developments in the Government’s Bill for tackling domestic abuse.17 If enacted, victims should have a less traumatic time in court when giving evidence to bring their abusers to justice, and the police will have greater powers to tackle abuse.

Vulnerable people can also be at risk online. As I said in last year’s State of Policing report: “The raw power of the worldwide web can be an agency of fear as well as freedom. Technology enhances much of our daily lives. It also intensifies severe threats to the most vulnerable people in society, including children.”18 Online offenders can very easily reach distant and vulnerable victims. Most children are now more at risk in their own bedrooms than they are on the streets. This type of offending is not just about child sexual abuse and fraud, but radicalisation, harassment and stalking too.

Parents have a responsibility to teach their children how to navigate the online world safely. But the onus cannot rest completely on them. So I warmly welcome the proposed reforms the Government announced in April 2019, in its Online Harms White Paper.19

24 STATE OF POLICING PART 1: OVERVIEW 25 Online offenders can Online offenders distant reach easily very victims. and vulnerable

Yet policing is Yet This provided for a a for This provided 23 21 in other words, approximately one one approximately words, in other 22 be extinguished. be extinguished. security, the other institutions of society will be in jeopardy. jeopardy. be in society will of institutions other the security, even may and be compromised will operate Their ability to around 2 percent of public expenditure. public of 2 percent around without services public all; essential most of the among and safety public Without function. society cannot it, Police spending in England and Wales represented only only represented Wales and England in spending Police the changing face of crime: for example, technology to to technology example, for crime: of face changing the encrypted of use the overcome to or dark web, the analyse organised crime groups. by communications has to pay for the buildings, vehicles and other things the the things other and vehicles buildings, the for pay to has needs also some Increasingly, jobs. their do need to police tackle to capabilities new in investment towards go to But it is not just about police numbers. The money also also The money numbers. police about just not is But it workforce of approximately 190,000 (122,000 police officers (122,000 190,000 approximately workforce of staff): police 68,000 and every officerfor 480 people. police 19 percent since 2010/11. Police funding for the 2018/19 2018/19 the for funding Police 2010/11. since percent 19 billion. £12.3 to year amounted financial and public expectations and public of funding police in reduction been has There a real-terms their minds on their else. responsibilities nothing like funding police between a mismatch is There the directors at the very top of large companies, being faced faced being companies, large of very the top at directors the liberty fortunes their and their concentrates both losing with be at the heart of the scheme of regulation. That regulation regulation That regulation. heart of scheme the the be at of personal severe fines and significant both for provide should for that, shows US the in experience Long penalties. criminal will not be enough. The option the Government is exploring is Government the The option be enough. not will – should managers senior liability for criminal create – to But merely fining some of the world’s richest companies for for companies richest world’s the of some fining But merely websites on their harmful material of presence the tolerating significant pieces of public infrastructure. Their stewardship stewardship Their infrastructure. public ofpieces significant to be subject now should systems and networks these of regulation. interest public stringent appropriately quickly enough. Some of the corporations in question now now in question corporations the quickly Someof enough. become have people, many to what, operate and own Regulation of these aspects of the internet cannot come come cannot internet the of aspects these of Regulation The funding formula STATE POLICING OF Police in poorer areas Peel’s second and third principles remind us that, to be are more stretched; successful, the police must be able to secure and maintain people in those areas public respect and the willing co-operation of the public are therefore less safe. to observe the law. To achieve that, the police service as a whole must have enough funding to meet the legitimate expectations of the public it serves, including for the longer term. Each police force must also receive enough of a PART OVERVIEW 1: share of the funding, in a way that recognises the particular characteristics and policing challenges of the force area. But the police service is not currently funded this way and not all forces receive their fair shares.

The money is divided between each of the 43 forces in England and Wales, according to a funding formula designed and established by the Home Office. However, there are known limitations in the funding formula, which create disproportionate funding settlements in certain forces.

Most police force funding comes from central government. But around 30 percent comes from local council tax through the policing precept – and this percentage varies from force to force. This is because of striking differences in the council tax base between police force areas. Some areas are affluent, with a high proportion of privately-owned, high-value housing. Others are not, so they rely more heavily on central government funding.

In previous years, revisions to the funding formula deliberately allocated more central government grant to those areas. At the same time, those areas tended not to support precept increases. The dual effect of these things is to compound the more recent cuts in central government funding. These poorer areas are among those which have experienced the greatest cuts in their police budgets. There are a few examples of wealthier areas where this has happened too. But, generally, it is a simple equation: police in poorer areas are more stretched; people in those areas are therefore less safe.

Previous efforts by the Home Office to fix the limitations in the funding formula were postponed four years ago. This is unfinished business. The inequities in police funding should not be allowed to continue.

26 STATE OF POLICING PART 1: OVERVIEW 27

© Sussex Police left playing catch-up as offenders intensify and increase increase and offenders as intensify catch-up left playing harm. cause to modern technology of abuse their infrastructure to support them, are all things in which police police which in things all are support them, to infrastructure are they don’t, they If term. long the for invest must forces the means to do this. For example, body-worn video, video, body-worn example, For this. do means to the recognition facial mobile devices, hand-held fully-functional and systems connected the and artificialand intelligence, the right skills. In many respects, the police need to invest invest need to police the respects, many In skills. right the become to particularly technology, in term, longer the for given are police the that is It essential efficient. more This is not just about recruiting police officers police staff and with recruiting about just not This is efficient and effective long-term planning. Whenit comes planning. efficientlong-term effective and predictability. and stability need certainty, forces funding, to settlements. multi-year a clear need is for there So Annual funding settlements are the norm for the police. police. the for norm the are settlements Annual funding with incompatible are settlements short-term But such Multi-year settlementsMulti-year The integration of police systems with other parts of the STATE POLICING OF criminal justice system also needs long-term investment. Lack of integration currently makes it harder for the police quickly to pass vital evidence, such as camera footage, to the Crown Prosecution Service. This, and other problems with the system, can result in delays, causing victims and witnesses to become disillusioned and withdraw from proceedings. PART OVERVIEW 1:

There is no reason why some forces should not be able to make these investment decisions with more confidence that they will have the money they need. Forces that we judge as being efficient have provided evidence that they use public money appropriately. So they should be able to benefit from multi-year settlements now.

28 STATE OF POLICING PART 1: OVERVIEW 29

Just a crime because doesn’t visible so isn’t serious isn’t it mean police need or doesn’t attention.

24 organised crime group. organised crime group. beaten by her partner; or the child across the road was was road the across child her partner; the or by beaten teenage their or person online; or in abused, sexually being an by drugs with supplied being was classmate son’s be just as vocal and concerned – if not significantly more more significantly concerned and not – if vocal as be just being was neighbour next-door their that knew they – if so more concerned about violent crime, drugs and gangs. gangs. and drugs crime, concerned violent about more highly yet concerned low-level, about are who Citizens would But they can be vocal. crimes irritations and visible, that the public place very great weight on local issues such local on issues such very weight place great public the that days. parking market on illegal or villages in speeding as people are communities, many in that, reality is But the Public expectations of the police tend to focus on on focus to tend police the of expectations Public insist voices Some visibility and protection. reassurance, type. Just because a crime isn’t so visible doesn’t mean doesn’t visible so isn’t a crime because Just type. attention. need police doesn’t or serious isn’t it bank account by a fraudster. Adults in England and Wales Wales and England in Adults a fraudster. by account bank crime other any than fraud to victim fall to likely more are which takes place outside the public’s view. Being mugged, mugged, Being view. public’s the outside place takes which is office, post the outside snatched handbag your having or your of out taken savings life your having is But so traumatic. There is a particular tension between the clamour for for clamour the between a particular is tension There of most modern crime, reality of the and policing ‘old-style’ a growing link between cuts to youth services youth the and to cuts between link a growing epidemic. crime knife country’s have shifted demands onto the police and other parts of parts of other and police the shifted onto demands have by research recent example, For system. justice criminal the All-Partythe Parliamentary on Knife Crime suggests Group capacity and capability to meet them. To some degree, degree, some To them. meet capacity capability and to services, public which other in cuts by created gap is the and multi-year settlements became the norm, neither would would neither became norm, the settlements and multi-year widening the police: the by faced problem a bigger solve police’s the and public the needs of the gap between police’s priorities police’s be revised, to were formula funding the if even However, The mismatch between public expectationsand the The police recorded nearly 600,000 domestic abuse-related STATE POLICING OF There is strong crimes last year, an increase of 23 percent year on year.25 evidence that police In recent years, there has been a very significant increase officers try hard to in referrals of online child abuse images from industry to the meet the demands National Crime Agency (NCA). According to the NCA, there made of them. are 2.88 million accounts globally on the most harmful child sexual abuse and exploitation dark-web sites. The NCA believes at least 5 percent of these (144,000) emanate PART OVERVIEW 1: from the UK.

For the police, these matters cannot be ignored. Nor can other serious threats to public safety and national security, such as organised crime and terrorism. As recently as 2017, there were five terrorist attacks on British soil. Since then, the UK has faced the persistent, serious threat of more.26

The police have an obligation to protect everyone, not just those for whom certain problems are of concern. This can take police officers off the street, making the service less visible to the public. Police visibility has its place in preventing some crimes and reassuring the public. But it is not the best, or the only, answer to all crime and disorder problems. Peel’s ninth principle says that the test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder, not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with them.

For police leaders, there is a balance to strike between providing a visible service and one that also deals effectively with the less visible forms of crime and disorder. Striking this balance creates the potential for an uninformed public to wonder where the police officers are, and to lose faith in the service.

So there is an increasingly pressing need for an open, honest debate about what the public should expect from the police. In certain circumstances (for example, involving a vulnerable or elderly victim), should people be guaranteed a particular level of service from the police? In a perfect world, some would prefer to have police officers on every street corner. But this is not practical, efficient or affordable.

30 STATE OF POLICING PART 1: OVERVIEW 31 A 2019 study indicates indicates study A 2019

27 28 © Dyfed-Powys Police so under the most intense media and public scrutiny. scrutiny. public and media intense most the under so tend to cope well with the demands associated with the the with demands associated the with well cope to tend civil crimes, major terrorism, as such events, of serious most do to have often And they incidents. critical emergencies and and preserving life”. It is to the police service’s very great service’s police the to is It preservingand life”. police The that. officers just many do often, so that, credit As Peel’s fifth principle reminds us, the police preserve public police the us, reminds fifth principle Peel’s As protecting in sacrifice individual offering of “ready the by favour that one in five serving police officers and staff have a form form serving officers a five in one staffhave police and that stress disorder. post-traumatic of the demands made of them. Sometimes, they do so at at so do they Sometimes, them. of demands made the detriment the to or personal safety, their to risk considerable health. or mental physical their of Meeting growing, complex demand complex growing, Meeting meet to officerstry police that hard evidence strong is There But, as far as more routine policing matters are concerned, STATE POLICING OF things are different. There are indications that some forces are straining under significant pressure as they try to meet growing complex and high-risk demand with weakened resources.29 This pressure appears to have grown since our inspections last year. The 2010 financial settlement compelled the police to find efficiencies, and to an appreciable extent it was successful. However, resources PART OVERVIEW 1: are now so constrained that some forces are struggling to cope. At the same time, investigating and prosecuting more complex and harmful offences create especially intensive demands on the police and the wider criminal justice system.

Demand from digital devices There is a huge growth in demand from the widespread use of digital devices. This makes investigations more complex due to the sheer volume of evidence stored in, for example, mobile phones.

32 STATE OF POLICING PART 1: OVERVIEW 33

There is a huge growth growth a huge is There thein demand from use widespread devices. digital of

This 30 31 victims and prevent re-offending. andvictims prevent at the same time, the number of successful convictions has has successful convictions of number the same time, the at resourced properly are investigations that vital is It reduced. support convictions, sound of number the increase to This increase is not necessarily a bad thing: it could indicate indicate could it necessarily thing: a bad not is This increase But, reportingrape. in confidence more people have that complex or need special care to investigate. For example, example, For investigate. need or to special care complex rape that shows Policing of College the by analysis 2007/8. since threefold than more increased have allegations Extra demand on the police also comes from increases in in increases comesExtra from also police demand the on are which certain of some for types crime, of rates reporting in the modern day may be reaching unprecedented and and unprecedented be reaching may modern day the in alarming levels. ways of life, they will continue to fall further fall furtherand to continue will they life, of ways diminish. exponentially will justice quality of the and behind, justice of denials the denied; justice is delayed Justice cases. As long as the police persist in using 20th-century 20th-century using in persist police the as long As cases. and technology 21st-century with cope try to to methods prosecutors to achieve prompt and true justice without without justice true and prompt achieve to prosecutors and acquire to highly methods effective technological criminal in available now data of quantities large the analyse Nevertheless, it will be impossible for the police and and police the for be impossible will it Nevertheless, policing is far from widespread, and its use raises important raises use its and widespread, from far is policing fairness reliability, intrusiveness, about its questions ethical and safety. the use of artificial intelligence to identify, from bulk material, material, bulk from identify, to artificialintelligence of use the in availability But its case. the to relevant is which that only accused, and those who are victims or witnesses. witnesses. or victims are who those and accused, lies particular in this undoubtedly problem One to solution material collected during the course of investigations. course of the during collected material criminal the of integrity the for consequences profound has are who those of lives especially and the system, justice by the Attorney General found that the police often did not not did often police the that General found Attorney the by review and retain record, to legal obligation their with comply Not surprisingly, but worryingly nevertheless, a recent review but worryingly review a recent nevertheless, surprisingly, Not Demand from mental health incidents STATE POLICING OF Incidents involving Another major component of increased demand on the mental ill-health still police comes from incidents involving people with mental take up a significant health problems. There is good evidence of some forces and unjustified amount working more and more closely with health and social care of police resources. agencies. But the fact is that incidents involving mental ill-health still take up a significant and unjustified amount of police resources. PART OVERVIEW 1:

Officers responding to mental health-related calls often have to spend a significant amount of time with the person involved to understand what they need. Analysis by the Welsh forces shows that on average this takes about three hours.32 They may need more officers to help, and the person might end up being detained under section 136 of the Mental Health Act 1983 and taken to a place of safety.

34 STATE OF POLICING PART 1: OVERVIEW 35 The police, in common The police, services, public all with difficult make to have decisions about where, ration to andwhen how services.

33 38 we 35

36 34 dissatisfaction with the police will rise and confidence confidence and rise will police the with dissatisfaction in policing will fall. All this demand suppression, in these and various various and these in demand suppression, All this public consequences: very two has likely forms, other and with some crime types crime some example a good being with and – fraud carry to investigations. out wholesale failure often – the More recently, we have seen demand suppression manifest seen demand suppression have we recently, More record to failure forces’ some in example, for ways: other in itself the acrimes significantof proportionreported; which are the resources available to deal with them. deal with to available resources the respond. We also found occasions when gangs of violent violent when of gangs occasions found also We respond. as classified formally not were criminals dangerous and further stretch would this because groups, crime organised when we found large numbers of unallocated incidents in in incidents unallocated of numbers large found when we assessments risk initial the that evidence and rooms control to available was one no because been downgraded, had ration services. In many cases, to do so, they find ways ways find they so, do to services. cases, many In ration 2017, in this reportedon first We demand. suppressing of Demand suppression in common all services, public with The to police, have to how when and difficult where, about decisions make whom other professionals would be better placed to deal with. to placed be better would professionals other whom risk work. They often don’t have the skills they need to supportneed to they skills the have don’t often They work. risk find they often, too And, problems. health mental people with people of welfare and safety the for responsible themselves degree they are. In dealing with people with mental health mental people with with dealing In are. they degree police officersproblems, staffand and high- domust complex In our 2018 report on policing and mental health, mental and report policing on 2018 our In should police the whether concerns about grave expressed the to problems health mental to responding in be involved officers accompanying them. officersaccompanying availability of health agencies and specialist hospital beds. beds. hospital specialist and agencies health of availability accident in a very in wait result long may – it Or – worse police the and crisis person in the for emergency and of cases, it is the police service, and not the ambulance ambulance the service, not police and the is it cases, of arrive, Whenthey people elsewhere. transports service, that the on depending hours, a few can take handover the make it far less likely that police station cells will be used be used will cells station police that less far it likely make proportion a significant in Nevertheless, safety. of places as Recent changes in working practices and legislation and practices working changesRecent in Improvements in efficiency STATE POLICING OF We are seeing an Again, it’s not just about the money. There are undoubtedly increase in the number opportunities for the police to use its funding more of forces making use wisely: for example, by making better use of technology. of digital mobile Encouragingly, we are seeing an increase in the number technology to save of forces making use of digital mobile technology to save officers’ time. officers’ time, keeping them on the streets rather than in police stations filling in forms. But there are still forces where PART OVERVIEW 1: this is not the norm and, at a national level, systems are not integrated well enough.

It is important to highlight, too, that some aspects of police efficiency are beyond the control of individual forces. Examples here include the forthcoming emergency services network and the law enforcement data system. These new national systems will be vital parts of the police’s critical infrastructure, but their implementation has been delayed. Some forces now report increased costs associated with keeping older systems running for longer. It is regrettable that the adverse financial consequences for forces will last longer than they could have done.

Even when these factors concerning police efficiency are taken into account, there are still major questions for the public and their elected representatives about their expectations of the police and the levels of funding they are willing to provide. Put simply, if increases in police funding do not keep pace with increases in demand and the police’s ability to improve efficiency, public expectations will need to change.

The Government’s decisions about police funding need to be informed by a thorough understanding of the relationship between the demands on the police, now and in the future, and the resources and other assets available to meet those demands. Until now, such an understanding has not been readily available. Forces tend to understand today’s demand but are less good at understanding tomorrow’s. If they don’t, how can they make effective plans?

36 STATE OF POLICING PART 1: OVERVIEW 37

Some forces have already published theirs. theirs. published already have forces Some 39 © Sussex Police demands the police just cannot meet. meet. cannot just police the demands the assets – people, money and other resources – including – including resources other and money – people, assets the done, is When this capability and capacity. condition, their of range is a there matter: the of fact the out flush will it aggregate demand on policing, and much more. FMSs will will FMSs more. much and demand policing, on aggregate of state demand the and the of characteristics the explore Future FMSs will enable increasingly detailed comparisons comparisons detailed enable increasingly will FMSs Future to be able will public the and The police analysis. and projected the basis, national and regional a force, on see, and most PCCs. all 44 forces. and FMSs, their into work deal of a great put forces Most constables support chief from strong from benefited we already have. FMSs from year’s first the analysed and received have We more recent innovation in policing, it doesn’t require forces forces require it doesn’t in policing, recent innovation more wouldn’t force well-managed any that information provide to A similar system has been in use in several other safety- other several been in has use in system A similar a is it While services years. public many essential critical for a straightforward question: how well are the police preparing preparing police the are well how question: a straightforward for the future? developing a system for regularly collecting and analysing analysing and collecting regularly for a system developing This comes about in the police forces. vital information ask FMSs (FMSs). statements management force of form Working closely with chief constables and police and crime crime and police and constables chief with closely Working been have we equivalents, their and (PCCs) commissioners Force management statements management Force FMSs will reveal three essential truths. First, they will show STATE POLICING OF There is a substantial all the demand the police face, crime and non-crime, latent and increasing and patent. Second, they will show the state of the assets, amount of crime that workforce, hardware and software, their condition, capacity transcends local, and capability, performance and efficiency, and how they regional and national will be improved. Third, they will show how much money the borders. police are going to have.

PART OVERVIEW 1: FMSs will also provide the answer to a critical question: do the police have what they need to meet the legitimate, rational and informed expectations of the public? The answer to the critical question will, in most cases, be no. And so the public, through their elected representatives, will have to decide what they want to do: spend more or expect less, or a blend of the two.

The inescapable fact is that no public service can meet 100 percent of projected demand for, say, 70 percent of its efficient cost.

There needs to be reform of national, regional and local arrangements Much of the crime and disorder the police deal with has a significant local character. It requires the police response to be concentrated in one place – usually where a crime scene, victim, offender, witnesses and evidence can all be found.

However, there is a substantial and increasing amount of crime that transcends local, regional and national borders. Online fraud, online child sexual abuse, other forms of cybercrime, human trafficking, regional and national drug dealing – often along ‘county lines’ – are all examples of crimes which, inconveniently for policing, are not neatly arranged in local areas. The reality is that police force boundaries have a diminishing significance in the face of these crimes.

The 43-force model For many years, there has been controversy about the 43-force structure of policing in England and Wales.40

In our highly connected world, the need has never been greater for the police service to function, with the NCA, as a single law enforcement system. But the police service

38 STATE OF POLICING PART 1: OVERVIEW 39 © Dorset Police duty of the chief constable to maintain order and enforce enforce and order maintain to constable chief the duty of local priorities to regard have to and law, criminal the In the context of policing policy in the 21st century, there is is there century, 21st the in policy policing of context the In the – between Parliament by created – deliberately a tension demonstrating absolutely impartial service to law, in in impartial service law, absolutely to demonstrating policy”. independence of complete of the police, Peel’s fifth principle states that, ultimately, ultimately, that, states fifth principle Peel’s police, the of and police should “seek preservethe favour, public constantly by but opinion, public to pandering by not public primarily on their success in tackling ‘local’ crime crime ‘local’ success tackling in their on primarily public independence asserting operational In the disorder. and Each of the 43 police forces in England and Wales has a a has Wales and England in forces police 43 the of Each the by be judged to likely are PCCs PCC. elected locally and national decision making. In too many respects, the lines lines the respects, many too In making. decision national and to intelligence, of exchange the barriers as map act to the on efficiencyeffectiveness. true and to and co-operation, and accountability arrangements on the other. They may also also may They other. the on arrangements accountability and regional for mechanism a coherent of a lack by back be held does not do this well. This is usually because it is inhibited inhibited is it because usually This is well. this do does not operational needs for the of pressures competing the by localgovernance for respect hand and one the efficiencyon established by PCCs. With the greater demands for regional STATE POLICING OF A rebalancing of effort, and national co-operation and co-ordination, that tension attention and resources becomes more acute, but it is not irreconcilable. It is across local, regional important that the relationships between local, regional and and national functions national demands and priorities are understood, respected is overdue. and accommodated, to ensure public safety.

The present and future nature of crime and disorder means PART OVERVIEW 1: that policing will need greater co-ordination at regional and national levels to make sure local factors do not inhibit improvement in policing. This is not to say that the aspects of policing which are inherently local in character should be eroded; of course they should not. A rebalancing of effort, attention and resources across local, regional and national functions is overdue.

In its evidence to a Home Affairs Committee inquiry into the future of policing, the Home Office stated that it “does not run policing but is supporting the sector to become self- reforming”.41 In many respects, this policy has been effective; to a certain degree, the police have been successful in self-reforming. But, to establish and operate the regional and national structures necessary for every police force to function as part of an effective and efficient single system, change is essential.

40 STATE OF POLICING PART 1: OVERVIEW 41 The increasingly urgent urgent The increasingly further for police need clear. is reform

dissatisfaction voiced by many chief constables constables chief many by voiced dissatisfaction and PCCs. the alliance between the Warwickshire and West Mercia Mercia West and Warwickshire the between alliance the are collapsing. forces, one that such as the agreements, Other collaboration Air Service, continue, Police National the established deep and shortcomings well-documented with but Certain specialist capabilities unnecessarily are replicated regional organised crime and units between police forces, the NCA. such as agreements, collaboration money-saving Some joined up across all forces and without a clear plan to a clear to plan without and forces all across up joined it so. make being to suited obviously Certain are which functions payroll, as such basis, national or carried a regional on out not. often are management, fleet and procurement IT is still fragmented and inconsistent, without a a without inconsistent, and fragmented still is IT fully not standards, data national of set comprehensive – – – – – needs to improve its analytical capability significantly, and analytical its capability improve needs significantly, to people skills, making sure for mechanism a better establish needed. are they wherever available are resources other and should be established to make sure the police are as as are police the sure make to be established should service police The can be. they efficient and as effective and effectiveness it needs to, with pace, urgency and resolve. and urgency pace, with needs it to, effectiveness and co-ordination police of system national a new case, either In and to the Home Secretary (for compulsory reform). Based on Based compulsory reform). Secretary Home (for the to and be will latter the policing, of state the assessment of this efficiency of levels the necessary service achieve the if to is The options for voluntary for The options compulsory or reform service reform) voluntary the (for open to options still are There single-system operation in many, if not all, activities which which activities all, not if many, in operation single-system local. purely not are urgent need for further police reform is clear. The time has has The time clear. is further need reform for police urgent need for pressing the service realise police the to for come In the light of these and other observations, the increasingly increasingly the observations, other and these of light the In – – – – – For example: For There is ample evidence of what has not worked well. well. worked not has what of evidence ample is There STATE POLICING OF A new national system of police co-ordination should be established. PART OVERVIEW 1:

Making standards, guidance and collaborations mandatory

Using the findings from our inspections, the College of Policing has determined the most prevalent causes of inefficiency and ineffectiveness in policing.

There is currently no obligation on individual police forces to adopt standards in the forms currently established by the College. And it is a reasonable assumption that the extent to which forces adopt them, and how quickly, will vary from force to force, which is to the detriment of the public. Therefore, the Home Office should consider using its existing legal powers to make these standards mandatory.42

The Home Office should also intensify its encouragement of collaborations and, in appropriate cases, be prepared to mandate them. That means specifying which functions must be the subjects of collaboration agreements and which forces must enter into them. It should also become willing to require forces to use standard-form collaboration agreements. These should be tailored to meet the needs of the various parties making the agreement. The College should support the development of these agreements to make sure they are consistent.

42 STATE OF POLICING PART 1: OVERVIEW 43

I believe that some that I believe and profound aspectsfar-reaching of police reform are called for. still has not been passed, even though Parliamentary though even been passed, not has still 43 capability – will begin to narrow. And the police service police And the will narrow. to begin capability – will and today demands of the face to adapt to able be better us. of of all benefit great the to tomorrow, they will secure major improvements in police effectiveness police in improvements major secure will they of – earlier gap I spoke widening The efficiency. and capacity and police’s needs the and public’s the between But if the reforms I have set out in my assessment are assessment are my in out set I have reforms But the if resolve, with and comprehensively competently, carried out, quality of service the police can offer the public and the level level the and servicequality public can of offer police the the and security safety can public police uphold. the of the demands it faces. The inevitable legacy of such an an such of legacy The inevitable faces. demands it the the be in both compromises unacceptable would approach If they don’t, the windspeed of police reform will fall to a a to fall will reform police of windspeed the don’t, they If meet to service police the unable increasingly leaving flutter, called for. For these reforms to take place, leaders in central central leaders in place, take to reforms these For called for. need all to will constables chief and PCCs government, decisions. long-term bold, make of policing in England and Wales. I believe that some some that I believe Wales. and England in policing of are reform police of aspects far-reaching and profound Conclusion state the of view assessmentmy this in out set I have should be few and far between, but the facility should exist. should facility the but between, far and be few should would apply when a force’s performance falls below a a performance below falls when apply a force’s would police performance national in the threshold predetermined nature this of Cases system. oversight and monitoring forces that need help must (not may) accept it from the the from it accept may) (not need must help that forces This regime forces. or force nominated another and College Targeted support and intervention Targeted under which regime The Office Home a establish also could Bill supply. in is plentiful time It is also regrettable that the Forensic Science Regulator Science Regulator Forensic the also is that regrettable It © City of London Police 44 Part 2: Our inspections

45 In 2018/19, we are making our fourth complete PEEL PEEL fourth complete making our are we 2018/19, In 43 the of efficiency and effectiveness the assessment of PEEL part As the of Wales. and England in forces police judgments graded assess make and we programme, and people safe keeps force police each well how about reduces crime. effectiveness, pillars: three of consists programme The PEEL efficiency legitimacy. and Our PEEL inspections inspections Our PEEL © Nottinghamshire Police Nottinghamshire © 46 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 47

We assess and make and make assess We graded judgments each well about how police force keeps and safe people reduces crime.

Legitimacy Efficiency Effectiveness

Our PEEL assessment also examines how well each of the the of each well how examines assessment also Our PEEL and develops understands, forces Welsh and English 43 leadership. shows treats both the people it serves and its workforce. serves people it workforce. the its and both treats Legitimacy assesses whether each force operates fairly, fairly, operates force each assesses whether Legitimacy force the how includes This law. the within and ethically and in planning for the future. future. the for planning in and services represents value for money. It also considers how how considers also It money. for services value represents and resources its matches and understands force the well present the in services, its both demands for the to assets Efficiency assesses whether the way each force provides its its provides force each way the assesses Efficiency whether such as an armed response. an as armedsuch response. investigating crime and catching criminals; protecting crime protecting criminals; and catching investigating vulnerable tackling seriousthe and supporting victims; capabilities, specialist providing and crime; organised work. It considers the range of the force’s responsibilities, responsibilities, force’s the of range the considers It work. behaviour; anti-social and crime preventing as such Effectiveness assesses whether each police force is is force police each assesses whether Effectiveness services services those right well the how and providing

© Hampshire Constabulary© (IPA) approach. This combines the effectiveness, efficiency effectiveness, This combines the approach. (IPA) assess We inspection. a single into pillars legitimacy and every every year. pillar against forces ways for looked have we approach, IPA partAs the of on Based forces. on inspection of intensity the reduce to information, other and inspections previous of analysis our means which approach, a risk-based used we areas. fewer on inspected are forces well-performing Integrated PEEL assessments Integrated assessment PEEL an integrated adopted we 2018/19, In

Well-performing Well-performing inspected are forces on fewer areas. 48 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 49 We now also update update also now We more our evidence through often monitoring.

risk assessments for each force, minimising the fieldwork fieldwork the minimising force, each for assessments risk do. need to we alongside each batch of force reports, a PEEL spotlight spotlight a PEEL reports, force of batch each alongside themes; recurring or emerging out draws report that performance between force’s each of monitoring available the all on drawing inspections, of group each and evidence; group); force each reports for multiple than rather single group each after batches in reports published (with inspections); of split approach we used before (though, for high-risk high-risk for (though, before used we approach split be greater); could days of number the forces, risk our in use we which FMSs, from evidence extra judgments; final and assessments in each forces 14–15 (with fieldwork of groups three a single set of questions that covers all three PEEL pillars; pillars; PEEL three all covers that questions of set a single force for each fieldwork inspection period one of just be risk-based); will (which cycle inspection IPA the in the with than inspection of days fewer forces, most for – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – The main features of IPAs are: are: IPAs of The features main – on inspection reports, including their responses to to responses their including reports, inspection on recommendations. our our recommendations. It will also enable also and will police It recommendations. our comments their record to crime commissioners (PCCs) monitoring, to help forces improve their service. We are are service. We their improve forces help to monitoring, enable will that register an online further developing on acting in progress forces’ track to others and us of how well prepared forces are to meet future demands. future meet to are forces prepared well how of through often more evidence our update also now We to the information they give us in their force management management force their in us give they information the to a wider view us gives information This (FMSs). statements We can make an even better assessment of forces thanks thanks forces assessment of better an even can make We

© Hampshire Constabulary© local context is included in the ‘force in context’ section section context’ in ‘force the in included is local context reports. PEEL our of industriesand employment patterns most and, importantly, Police there. spend and time work live, people who the bodies local policing by – established plans crime and which especial importance of to priorities – contain together, Taken regard. have must constables chief called the often are factors other and these operating context. force each for context operating the of account take We create contexts differing operating that recognise and about each force's different Information needs policing. for each batch of force reports. Spotlight reports will bring bring reports will Spotlight reports. force of batch each batch that during identified we themes the out inspections.of context The operating The services challenge providing of throughout things. many by affected is area force police an entire network, road geography, size, area’s the These include affluenceof and deprivation, levels financial condition, PEEL spotlight reports spotlight PEEL report alongside spotlight a PEEL publish will We 50 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 51

We take account of of account take We context operating the for each force.

Norfolk Constabulary Police Nottinghamshire Midlands Police West Wiltshire Police. Greater Manchester Police Manchester Greater Humberside Police Kent Police Police Leicestershire Durham Constabulary Dyfed-Powys Police Police Essex Gloucestershire Constabulary City of London Police City London of ConstabularyCumbria – – – – – – – – – – – – – – The other 29 forces' pillar judgments are from our 2017 2017 our from are judgments pillar forces' 29 The other them. of inspections efficiency effectiveness, legitimacy and – – – – – – – – – – – – – The 14 forces in our first group of 2018/19 inspections are: inspections 2018/19 of group first our in forces The 14 – judgments, we indicate if a force has improved, declined or not not or declined improved, has a force if indicate we judgments, force. that of inspection previous our changed since We show if the current graded judgment is based on inspection inspection on based is judgment graded current the if show We pillar-level three the For 2016. or 2017 2018/19, from fieldwork On the following pages, you can see our most recent graded recent can most see our you pages, following On the split We Wales. and England in forces 43 all for judgments efficiencypillars. effectiveness, the legitimacy and into these on website. our Similarly, it is important to read beyond the headlines and and headlines the beyond read important is it to Similarly, than higher been graded have forces some why consider reports force individual the in The nuances are others. performance, while taking account of the operating context, context, operating the of account taking while performance, approach. needs sophisticated a more want to re-order our graded judgments into a form of league league of a form into judgments graded our re-order to want police of complexity and breadth the But representing table. It is important to emphasise that police forces aren’t in in aren’t forces police that emphasise important is to It people will some Inevitably, other. each with competition Understanding our graded judgments judgments our graded Understanding

Last inspected 2017/18 2017/18 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2016/17 2017/18 2016/17 2016/17 2016/17 2016/17 2016/17 2016/17 2018/19 2016/17 2017/18 2016/17 2016/17 2016/17 2016/17 2016/17 2016/17 2016/17 2016/17 2017/18 Requires improvement Requires Outstanding improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Outstanding Good How effective is the force at tackling serious and crime? organised Judgment Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Outstanding Good Good Outstanding Good Good

2018/19 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2018/19 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 Last inspected 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2018/19 2018/19 Good improvement Requires improvement Requires Good improvement Requires Good Good improvement Requires Good improvement Requires Good improvement Requires How effective is the force at protecting those who harm, from vulnerable are supportingand victims? Judgment Good improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good improvement Requires Good Good improvement Requires Good Good improvement Requires Good 2018/19 2018/19 2016/17 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2018/19 2016/17 2018/19 2017/18 2016/17 2017/18 Last inspected 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2016/17 2018/19 2016/17 2017/18 2016/17 2017/18 2016/17 2018/19 2017/18 2018/19 Good improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good improvement Requires How effective is the force at investigatingcrime and re-offending? reducing Judgment Good improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good improvement Requires Good Good Good Good

2016/17 2016/17 2016/17 2017/18 2016/17 2016/17 2017/18 2016/17 2016/17 2018/19 2017/18 2018/19 2018/19 2016/17 2016/17 2016/17 2017/18 2016/17 2016/17 Last inspected 2016/17 2017/18 2016/17 2016/17 2017/18 2017/18 Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Outstanding improvement Requires Good Good improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good Good How effective is the force at preventing crime, tackling and behaviour anti-social safe? people keeping Judgment Good improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Improved Unchanged Declined Improved Improved Improved Unchanged Unchanged Trend Unchanged Improved Declined Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Effectiveness

Requires improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Outstanding Good Good Good improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good Good improvement Requires Good Judgment Good improvement Requires improvement Requires

2016/17 2016/17 2016/17 2017/18 2017/18 2016/17 2016/17 2016/17 2016/17 2016/17 2016/17 2018/19 2016/17 2017/18 2016/17 2016/17 2016/17 2016/17 2016/17 Last inspected 2017/18 2017/18 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2016/17 Good Good Outstanding Good Good Outstanding Good Good Outstanding Good Good improvement Requires Outstanding improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good How effective is the force at tackling serious and crime? organised Judgment Good Good Good Good Good Good

2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2018/19 2018/19 2018/19 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2018/19 2017/18 Last inspected 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 Requires improvement Requires Requires improvement Requires Good Good improvement Requires Good improvement Requires Good Good improvement Requires Good Good improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good Good improvement Requires Good Good improvement Requires Good How effective is the force at protecting those who harm, from vulnerable are supportingand victims? Judgment Good improvement Requires improvement Requires 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2018/19 2016/17 2018/19 2017/18 2016/17 2018/19 2017/18 2018/19 2018/19 2018/19 2016/17 2017/18 2016/17 2018/19 2016/17 2017/18 2016/17 2017/18 2016/17 Last inspected 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 Good improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good improvement Requires Requires improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Requires improvement Requires improvement Requires Good at investigatingcrime and re-offending? reducing Judgment Good How effective is the force

2016/17 2017/18 2016/17 2016/17 2016/17 2016/17 2016/17 2016/17 2016/17 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2018/19 2017/18 2016/17 2016/17 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2016/17 2016/17 2017/18 2016/17 2016/17 Last inspected 2016/17 Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Outstanding improvement Requires Good Good improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good How effective is the force at preventing crime, tackling and behaviour anti-social safe? people keeping Judgment Good improvement Requires Good Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Improved Unchanged Declined Improved Improved Improved Unchanged Unchanged Trend Unchanged Improved Declined Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Effectiveness

Good Good Good improvement Requires Good Good improvement Requires Good Outstanding Good Good Good improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good Judgment Good improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good Good Gloucestershire Manchester Greater Gwent Hampshire Hertfordshire Humberside Kent Lancashire Leicestershire Lincolnshire Merseyside Metropolitan Police PEEL judgments table judgments PEEL Force Avon and Somerset Bedfordshire Cambridgeshire Cheshire London City of Cleveland Cumbria Derbyshire Cornwall and Devon Dorset Durham Dyfed-Powys Essex

Last inspected 2016/17 2016/17 2017/18 2017/18 2016/17 2016/17 2016/17 2016/17 2017/18 2016/17 2017/18 2017/18 2016/17 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2016/17 2018/19 Inadequate Good Good improvement Requires How effective is the force at tackling serious and crime? organised Judgment Good Good Good improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good improvement Requires

2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2018/19 Last inspected 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 Requires improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good How effective is the force at protecting those who harm, from vulnerable are supportingand victims? Judgment Good Good Good improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good Good Good improvement Requires 2016/17 2016/17 2017/18 2016/17 Last inspected 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2016/17 2016/17 2017/18 2017/18 2016/17 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2016/17 Good Good improvement Requires Good How effective is the force at investigatingcrime and re-offending? reducing Judgment improvement Requires Good Good improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good improvement Requires Good 1 1 1 34 34 1 34 8 8 34 0 8 0 8 0 0 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43

2016/17 2017/18 2017/18 2016/17 2016/17 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2016/17 2017/18 2016/17 Last inspected 2018/19 2016/17 2016/17 2017/18 2016/17 2018/19 Good Good Good Good Good improvement Requires Good improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good Good How effective is the force at preventing crime, tackling and behaviour anti-social safe? people keeping Judgment Good Good Good improvement Requires Good improvement Requires 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 33 9 9 0 9 0 0 1 1 1 33 1 33 9 0 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 Unchanged Improved Improved Unchanged Unchanged Improved Unchanged Declined Declined Improved Unchanged Unchanged Trend Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Effectiveness

Good Good Good Good improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good Requires improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good Good Judgment Good Good Good 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Inadequate Good improvement Requires Totals Outstanding West Yorkshire West Wiltshire West Mercia West Midlands West Warwickshire Sussex Valley Thames Suffolk Surrey South Yorkshire South Staffordshire Nottinghamshire Wales South Northumbria North Yorkshire Northamptonshire Norfolk North Wales Force PEEL judgments table continued table judgments PEEL 54 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 55 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 33 33 4 33 5 5 33 5 5 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43

2016/17 2016/17 2017/18 2016/17 2017/18 2017/18 2016/17 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2016/17 2018/19 Last inspected 2016/17 2016/17 2017/18 2017/18 2016/17 2016/17 Good Good Good Good Good Good Good improvement Requires Inadequate Good Good improvement Requires How effective is the force at tackling serious and crime? organised Judgment Good Good Good improvement Requires Good Good 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 18 25 0 18 18 34 9 0 0 25 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43

2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2018/19 Last inspected 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 Good Good Good Good improvement Requires improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Requires improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good improvement Requires improvement Requires Good How effective is the force at protecting those who harm, from vulnerable are supportingand victims? Judgment Good Good Good 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 34 9 0 0 34 0 34 9 34 0 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 2016/17 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2016/17 2016/17 2016/17 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2016/17 2016/17 2017/18 2017/18 2016/17 Last inspected 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 Good improvement Requires Good Requires improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good improvement Requires at investigatingcrime and re-offending? reducing Judgment improvement Requires How effective is the force 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2016/17 2017/18 2016/17 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2016/17 2016/17 2017/18 2016/17 2018/19 2016/17 2017/18 2016/17 2016/17 2017/18 Last inspected 2018/19 Good Good improvement Requires Good improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good Requires improvement Requires Good improvement Requires Good Good Good Good How effective is the force at preventing crime, tackling and behaviour anti-social safe? people keeping Judgment Good Good Good Unchanged Improved Improved Unchanged Unchanged Improved Unchanged Declined Declined Improved Unchanged Unchanged Trend Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Effectiveness

Good Good Good Good Good Good Good improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good Good Judgment Good Good Good improvement Requires Good Good Totals Outstanding Good improvement Requires Inadequate West Mercia West Midlands West Yorkshire West Wiltshire PEEL judgments table continued table judgments PEEL Force Norfolk North Wales North Yorkshire Northamptonshire Northumbria Nottinghamshire Wales South Yorkshire South Staffordshire Suffolk Surrey Sussex Valley Thames Warwickshire Last inspected Last 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2018/19 2018/19 2018/19 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2018/19 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 Good improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good Good Outstanding Good Good improvement Requires Good Good How well does the force plan for the future? Judgment Good improvement Requires Good Outstanding improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good Outstanding improvement Requires Good

2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 Last inspected Last 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2018/19 Good improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Outstanding Good Good improvement Requires Good improvement Requires How well does the force use its resources to meet the demand it faces? Judgment Outstanding improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good Good improvement Requires Good Outstanding improvement Requires Good Improved Declined Unchanged Declined Unchanged Unchanged Improved Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Declined Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Improved Improved Unchanged Trend Unchanged Unchanged Improved Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Efficiency

Requires improvement Requires Good Good Outstanding Good Good improvement Requires Good Outstanding improvement Requires Good Good improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Judgment Good improvement Requires Good

Merseyside Metropolitan Police Lincolnshire Lancashire Leicestershire Humberside Kent Hampshire Hertfordshire Greater Manchester Greater Gwent Gloucestershire Dyfed-Powys Essex Dorset Durham Derbyshire Cornwall and Devon Cleveland Cumbria Cheshire London City of Cambridgeshire Avon and Somerset Bedfordshire Force PEEL judgments table judgments PEEL 56 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 57 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2018/19 2018/19 2018/19 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2018/19 2017/18 Last inspected Last 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 Good improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good Good Outstanding improvement Requires Good Good improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good Good Outstanding Good How well does the force plan for the future? Judgment Good improvement Requires Good Outstanding improvement Requires Good

2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2018/19 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 Last inspected Last 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 Good improvement Requires Outstanding Good Good improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good Good improvement Requires Requires improvement Requires Good Outstanding improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Requires improvement Requires Good Good How well does the force use its resources to meet the demand it faces? Judgment Outstanding Declined Unchanged Improved Improved Unchanged Improved Declined Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Declined Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Improved Unchanged Trend Unchanged Unchanged Improved Efficiency

Good improvement Requires Good improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Outstanding improvement Requires Good Good improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Outstanding Good Judgment Good improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Gloucestershire Manchester Greater Gwent Hampshire Hertfordshire Humberside Kent Lancashire Leicestershire Lincolnshire Merseyside Metropolitan Police PEEL judgments table judgments PEEL Force Avon and Somerset Bedfordshire Cambridgeshire Cheshire London City of Cleveland Cumbria Derbyshire Cornwall and Devon Dorset Durham Dyfed-Powys Essex Last inspected Last 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2018/19 Good Outstanding Good Good How well does the force plan for the future? Judgment Outstanding improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good improvement Requires Good improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good

2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 Last inspected Last 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 Good improvement Requires Good Good How well does the force use its resources to meet the demand it faces? Judgment Outstanding Good improvement Requires Good Good improvement Requires Good improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Outstanding Good 9 0 4 30 30 9 0 4 30 9 0 4 4 30 9 0 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Improved Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Trend Improved Declined Declined Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Efficiency

Good Good Good Outstanding Good Good Good Good Good Good improvement Requires Good improvement Requires Good Good Judgment Outstanding improvement Requires improvement Requires 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Inadequate Requires improvement Requires Good Outstanding Totals West Yorkshire West Wiltshire West Mercia West Midlands West Warwickshire Sussex Valley Thames Suffolk Surrey South Yorkshire South Staffordshire Nottinghamshire Wales South Northumbria North Yorkshire Northamptonshire Norfolk North Wales Force PEEL judgments table continued table judgments PEEL 58 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 59 5 27 11 11 27 0 11 0 11 0 0 5 5 5 27 27 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2018/19 Last inspected Last 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 Good improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good Good Outstanding Good Good How well does the force plan for the future? Judgment Outstanding improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good improvement Requires 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 10 0 0 5 5 5 28 28 5 28 10 10 28 0 10 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 Last inspected Last 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 Requires improvement Requires Good Good Outstanding Good Good Good Good Good Good Good improvement Requires Good improvement Requires Good improvement Requires Good How well does the force use its resources to meet the demand it faces? Judgment Outstanding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Improved Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Trend Improved Declined Declined Efficiency

Good improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Outstanding Good Good Good Good Good Judgment Outstanding improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good improvement Requires Totals Outstanding Good improvement Requires Inadequate West Mercia West Midlands West Yorkshire West Wiltshire PEEL judgments table continued table judgments PEEL Force Norfolk North Wales North Yorkshire Northamptonshire Northumbria Nottinghamshire Wales South Yorkshire South Staffordshire Suffolk Surrey Sussex Valley Thames Warwickshire

Last inspected 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 Good Good Good Good Good Good Outstanding improvement Requires Good improvement Requires Good improvement Requires How well does the force treat its workforce with fairness respect?and Judgment Good Good Good Good Good improvement Requires Good Good Good improvement Requires Good improvement Requires Good 2018/19 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2018/19 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 Last inspected 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2018/19 2018/19 Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good How well does the force workforce its that ensure and ethically behaves lawfully? Judgment Good Good Good Good improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good improvement Requires Good Good improvement Requires improvement Requires 2017/18 2016/17 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 Last inspected 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 Good Good improvement Requires Good Good Good Outstanding Good Good Good Good Good How well does the force treat the people it serves with fairness respect? and Judgment Outstanding Good Good Good improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Declined Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Declined Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Trend Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged

Legitimacy

Good Good Good Outstanding Good Good Good Good Good improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good Good improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Judgment Good Good Good

2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 Last inspected 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 Good improvement Requires Good improvement Requires Good Good Good improvement Requires Good improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Outstanding improvement Requires How well does the force treat its workforce with fairness respect?and Judgment Good Good Good Good Good improvement Requires 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2018/19 2018/19 2018/19 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2018/19 2017/18 Last inspected 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good improvement Requires Good How well does the force workforce its that ensure and ethically behaves lawfully? Judgment Good Good Good 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2016/17 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 Last inspected 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 Good Good Outstanding Good Good Good Requires improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Requires improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good the people it serves with fairness respect? and Judgment Outstanding How well does the force treat Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Declined Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Declined Unchanged Unchanged Trend Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged

Legitimacy

Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Outstanding Good Judgment Good Good Good Good improvement Requires improvement Requires Gloucestershire Manchester Greater Gwent Hampshire Hertfordshire Humberside Kent Lancashire Leicestershire Lincolnshire Merseyside Metropolitan Police PEEL judgments table judgments PEEL Force Avon and Somerset Bedfordshire Cambridgeshire Cheshire London City of Cleveland Cumbria Derbyshire Cornwall and Devon Dorset Durham Dyfed-Powys Essex

Last inspected 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2018/19 Requires improvement Requires Good Good Good How well does the force treat its workforce with fairness respect?and Judgment Good Good Good improvement Requires Good improvement Requires Good improvement Requires Good Good improvement Requires improvement Requires Good improvement Requires 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2018/19 Last inspected 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 Requires improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good How well does the force workforce its that ensure and ethically behaves lawfully? Judgment Good Good Good Good Good Good improvement Requires Good improvement Requires Good Good Good Good improvement Requires 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 Last inspected 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 Requires improvement Requires Good Good Good How well does the force treat the people it serves with fairness respect? and Judgment Good improvement Requires improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good improvement Requires 36 1 36 6 6 36 0 6 0 6 0 0 1 1 1 36 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 Unchanged Improved Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Declined Declined Improved Unchanged Unchanged Trend Unchanged Improved Unchanged Declined Unchanged Unchanged

Legitimacy

Good Good Good Good improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good Requires improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good Good Judgment Good Good Good 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Inadequate Good improvement Requires Outstanding Totals West Yorkshire West Wiltshire West Mercia West Midlands West Warwickshire Sussex Valley Thames Suffolk Surrey South Yorkshire South Staffordshire Nottinghamshire Wales South Northumbria North Yorkshire Northamptonshire Norfolk North Wales Force PEEL judgments table continued table judgments PEEL 62 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 63 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 29 29 1 29 13 13 29 13 13 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43

2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2018/19 Last inspected 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 Good improvement Requires Good Good improvement Requires improvement Requires Good improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good Good How well does the force treat its workforce with fairness respect?and Judgment Good Good Good improvement Requires Good improvement Requires 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 13 10 33 10 10 1 0 0 29 33 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2018/19 Last inspected 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 Good Good Good Good improvement Requires improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good Good Good improvement Requires Good improvement Requires Good How well does the force workforce its that ensure and ethically behaves lawfully? Judgment Good Good Good 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 1 2 2 29 33 2 33 13 8 33 8 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2018/19 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 Last inspected 2017/18 2017/18 2017/18 Good Good Good Good improvement Requires improvement Requires Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Requires improvement Requires improvement Requires improvement Requires the people it serves with fairness respect? and Judgment Good How well does the force treat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Declined Declined Improved Unchanged Declined Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Improved Unchanged Unchanged Trend Unchanged Improved Unchanged

Legitimacy

0 0 0 inadequate inadequate inadequate 2 1 3 requires improvement requires requires improvement requires improvement requires 11 12 8 good good good , we graded one force as outstanding, outstanding, as force one graded , we , we graded one as outstanding, 11 as good good as 11 outstanding, as one graded , we , we graded three as outstanding, eight as as eight outstanding, as three graded , we 1 1 3 efficiency legitimacy effectiveness outstanding outstanding outstanding be more positive than they would otherwise have been. have otherwise would they than positive be more and two as requiring improvement. requiring as two and is it approach, a risk-based using forces inspect we Because may results these minoritya small of that possibility a realistic On improvement. requiring as three and good On Summary grades of On improvement. requiring as one and good as twelve inspections reports PEEL 2018/19 of group first the published We 2019. May in Wales and England in forces 43 the of 14 only With whether know yet don’t we group, first this in inspected The remaining nationally. be replicated will conclusions our next the in covered be will Wales and England in forces 29 2019. of rest the over inspections of sets two Our first group of 2018/19 PEEL PEEL 2018/19 of group Our first 64 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 65

1 1 0 declined declined declined pillar: the grades for 11 of the 14 14 the of 11 for grades the pillar: 12 11 9 pillar: the grades for 12 forces stayed stayed forces 12 for grades the pillar: no change no change no change pillar had the largest movement in grades: grades: in movement largest the had pillar legitimacy effectiveness 1 4 3 efficiency improved improved improved For the the For worse. got one and better got one same, the force got a worse grade. grade. a worse got force The one year; previous the than higher forces four graded we none got worse. worse. none got For the the For and better got three same, the stayed inspected forces grades are measured from its 2016 graded judgments for for judgments graded 2016 its from measured are grades efficiency legitimacy. and agreed with Greater Manchester Police that we wouldn’t wouldn’t we that Police Manchester Greater with agreed efficiency the legitimacy for and judgment a graded make Police's Manchester TheGreater changes in 2017. in pillars After the terrorist attack in Manchester on 22 May 2017, we we 2017, May 22 on Manchester in attack terrorist the After Across all three pillars of the PEEL programme, we graded graded we programme, PEEL the of pillars three all Across 2017. in as 2018/19 same in the forces most Change in grades Change Meeting this demand with constrained resources is the the is resources constrained demand with this Meeting inspected. we forces the facing currently challenge biggest the of some mitigate may programmes change Forces’ benefits clear the about weren’t forces But some problem. programmes. these from achieve to expected they But few demand. predict ability to their improving are Forces forecasts their underpinned that assumptions the tested had identified. had demands they the meet to plans had or affecting different forces in different ways. We have seen the seen the have We different ways. in different forces affecting to effects neighbourhood from and policing investigations wellbeing. and health workforce and counter-corruption place plans in have forces Demand few but changing, is identified meetto the demand have they complex increasingly becoming is policing The demand for by worse made is This problem risk. greater involves and especially detectives. a shortage of resources, restricted performing well. Most are keeping people safe and reducing reducing and people safe keeping are Most performing well. their treating and efficiently, resources their using crime, serve and fairly they communities the and workforces respect. with performance, of picture positive relatively this But despite forcesstraining some that are our findingsindicate growing trymeet to they as pressure significant under resources. weakened demand with high-risk and complex is and inspections 2017 our since grown has This pressure Our findings are inspected we forces the that found we Overall, Some forces are under straining significant pressure. 66 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 67

The pressures demand increased of right felt being are across forces.

© South Yorkshire Police Yorkshire South © Failing to uncover and deal with corruption at an early at corruption deal and with uncover to Failing threatens also It implications. ethical profound has stage term. longer the in demand forces on increase to Some of the forces we inspected had poorly resourced poorly resourced had inspected we forces the of Some backlogs. vetting and significant units counter-corruption right across forces, including in some of their most most their of some in including forces, across right functions. sensitive out corruptionout felt being demand are increased of The pressures often without good enough supervision. without often ability root to forces’ demand stretching Managing is is also leading to inexperienced and underqualified staff underqualified and inexperienced to leading also is burglary, as crimes such committed frequently investigating Moving neighbourhood officers to other duties, such as as such duties, other to officers neighbourhood Moving work, prevention crime forces’ can damage response, this forces, some In community their engagement. limiting short-term challenges of demand, but we also noted noted also we but demand, of challenges short-term consequences. negative some Response, investigation and neighbourhood policing investigation Response, the meet helps This less becoming distinct. are roles Officers and staff are taking wider on a range consequences negative some with activities, of

be compromised. enough a of comprehensive set monitor don’t Some forces powers. search and stop and force use they how on data trust public necessary is maintain This monitoring to and confidence. on wellbeing, but officers and staff didn’t always feel able to to feel able always officers but staff and didn’t wellbeing, on occupational force And some supportaccess the offer. on demand. meet to serviceshealth struggling were and stop use of their monitoring aren’t Some forces enough search well and stop changes to announced recently The Government in an increase to response part as the of powers search public the and forces both by scrutiny Proper crime. knife not must and essential is powers these of use the of The pressures demand affect of health and the workforce the of wellbeing more longer hours, higherChanging demand, workloads, days rest and leave of cancellation the and working, lone work to going or days, sick Staff more taking a toll. take other the all compound to threatens ill, are when they identified. have we problems action taking and promoting were inspected we The forces to demand to there pressure, under being inspected we forces the Despite innovation. and improvement of areas were hidden of understanding their improved have forces Most officersstaff with and showing vulnerability, of forms for. looking are they what of understanding a good developing were inspected we forces the of Several manage to technology use they how in practice good better. demand resources and their Forces are identifying vulnerability more effectively resources better match to technology in and investing

of hidden forms forms hidden of vulnerability. of Most forces have have Most forces their improved understanding 68 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 69

how their force will improve its efficiency to make sure the the sure make to efficiency its improve will force their how capability as is demand future and future gap between and be; to be made can it as reasonably small this. all do to have to expects force the money the the demand (crime and non-crime, latent and patent) that that patent) and latent non-crime, and demand (crime the years; next four the in face to expects force their workforce its improve and develop will force their how demand; that with cope to assets other and – – – – © Hampshire Constabulary© in 2018. We also received FMSs from British Transport Transport British from FMSs received also We 2018. in and Jersey Police. Police All 43 Home Office forces submitted their first FMSs to us to FMSs first their Office Home All 43 submitted forces – – – It is their statement and explanation of: explanation and statement their is It – FMSs are self-assessments that chief constables (and their their (and constables chief that self-assessments are FMSs year. each us to submit and prepare equivalents) London to send us information they use as part of their planning planning part as use their of they information us send to statement management a force of form the in processes, (FMS). Force management statements statements management Force forces require now we process, partAs inspection our of

© Nottinghamshire Police Nottinghamshire © All enterprises need sound and easily accessible information information accessible easily and need sound All enterprises and capability their condition of capacity, about the assets' the of efficiency and effectiveness the assets; and operate maintain, to costs it what and performance; costs performance suffer, will that, Without them. develop deteriorate. will assets the and be unnecessarilywill high, assets; physical with is it people as with less no This is true have forces many too this, Despite so. more probably is it about things. these information or inadequate incomplete As a result, for some forces, the breadth and intensity of of intensity and breadth the forces, some for a result, As be to reduction this expect We reduced. was inspection approach risk-based the as forces within pronounced more become more forces and established become more IPA and FMSs. producing to accustomed important are FMSs Why needforces and effectively efficiently, communities police To competently. and proactively assets their manage to We have used information from the FMSs in our risk-based risk-based our in FMSs the from information used have We fieldwork. assessment (IPA) PEEL integrated to approach

competently. need to manage their manage to need andassets proactively To policeTo communities and effectively forces efficiently, 70 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 71

It is clear how much how clear is It and work hard went commitment the producing into FMSs.first allowed many forces to reflect on and assess the the assess on and reflect to forces many allowed made. have they choices and decisions encouraged a longer-term view of force planning and and planning force of view a longer-term encouraged priorities; both policing of areas between links helped establish and boundaries; force across and a force within brought to light things that some forces weren’t aware of; of; aware weren’t forces some that things light to brought skills; and knowledge in gaps established – – – – – entirely new to them. them. to new entirely most of the information they need to produce one. Overall, Overall, one. produce need to they information the of most was it although dedication, with task the approached they Most forces submitted an FMS that contained a lot of of a lot contained that an FMS submitted forces Most have already they that indicates This information. valuable into producing the first FMSs. As forces engaged with the the with engaged forces As FMSs. first the producing into value. their of appreciation a growing saw we process, The firstFMSs went commitment and work hard much clear how is It of demandof and difficultiesthe service,facing providing public. the to obligations its meet to plans it how of evidence The FMS also acts as a tool to examine the full breadth breadth full the examine to a tool as acts also The FMS – – – – The FMS process has: has: process The FMS – have encouraged the service to work and plan together, together, plan and service work the encouraged to have best practice. of ideas examples and exchanging FMS presents a great opportunity to improve policing policing opportunity a great improve presents FMS to we FMSs, promoting and devising In ways. several in Advantages of the of FMS process Advantages the parties that recognise interested and forces Many economy, demographic changes and developments in in changes developments and demographic economy, criminals. by use its and technology foreseeable future. These demands will be affected by by be affected These will demands future. foreseeable other. each with interact that variables of set a complex local national and the deprivation, social include They and enhance its assets, a force needs to make a sound a sound make needs to a force assets, enhanceand its the in face to likely is it demands the assessment of To make sound decisions about how to maintain, develop develop maintain, to how about decisions sound make To

complex matter. Dealing with it well could make a significant a significant make could it well Dealing with matter. complex effectiveness and the efficiency improving to contribution that of understanding the service. police However, the of the respects, many too in under-developed: is complexity rather problems, wellbeing to reacting on currently is focus that welcome is it While causes. root their addressing than service police the do could responsive, being are forces wellbeing need for the reduce to work preventative more referrals. health and occupational In their FMSs, most forces said they were giving their their giving were said they forces most FMSs, their In or resources more teams health occupational or wellbeing extra these for paid have Several so. do to planning were temporaryresources through This funding. is a concern. demand for described the forces when most a time At support health and serviceswellbeing increasing, as funding. sustainable of a lack is cases there some in and a significant is wellbeing workforce that indicate FMSs of challenge accurately. accurately. challenge of wellbeing Workforce to approach described important as their Nearly forces all how explained Several workforces. their of wellbeing the wellbeing, on team leads officer chief the a member of described their Many group. a strategic by supported wellbeing recognised an externally with involvement how it varied although or framework, programme were. these developed and explain forces’ plans to be more effective and efficient and effective be more to plans forces’ explain and in the future. FMSs first the from Observations make and themes common establish to FMSs used We observations about pressures on in England policing the some had forces FMSs, first their for However, Wales. and there meant This template. the used they how in flexibility responses, their presented they how in a variation was range the assessto difficult it made which But there is still much work to do. The first FMSs are too too are FMSs The first do. to work much still is But there reflect need to they today: of a snapshot being on focused

The first FMSs are FMSs Theare first on being focused too today. of a snapshot 72 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 73 © Nottinghamshire Police Nottinghamshire © some had data that showed fewer 101 calls, or that the the that or calls, 101 fewer showed that data had some had to officers deploy to chose they incidents of number remained static. forces showed an increase in the number of 999 calls and and 999 calls of number the in an increase showed forces However, facing. were demand they in rise the to pointed Forces often made the general point that demand is demand is that general point the made often Forces the But sometimes complex. more becoming and increasing some example, For picture. nuanced a more showed data expect to achieve. achieve. to expect service has increased significantly. But most forces didn’t didn’t forces most But service significantly. increased has it how and this of understanding enough a detailed show they results the making or are changes they the to relates Workload and demand Workload the on workload the that is FMSs all of theme A common certain emerging crime areas (for example, cybercrime) cybercrime) example, certain (for areas crime emerging complex; more becoming and increasing example, (for work effort complete more needed being to and paperwork); or process reporting, officers example, (for in workforce availability a reduction main their outside duties to been redeployed having vacancies). or unfilled responsibilities, increased demand; increased public; the from higher expectations – – – – – – – – to consider all the available data. There needs to be a more be a more needs There to data. available the all consider to are assessments forces’ why to as explanation considered data. the by presented picture different the from sometimes that indicate FMSs the data, this of limitations the Despite increased have may Workload strain. under is workforce the because of: – – Many forces may be facing increasing demand, increasing increasing demand, increasing be facing may forces Many need this for presented reasons But the both. or workload © Sussex Police 74 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 75 FMSs are a four-year four-year a are FMSs look. forward areas where the police have traditionally been more been more traditionally have police the where areas and crime organised as such prevention, in proactive neighbourhood policing. developing areas of crime such as cybercrime; as such crime of areas developing hidden, is intervention police need for the where areas crimes other and abuse child modern as slavery, such against vulnerable people; and – – – develop its ability to analyse its workforce’s productivity. workforce’s analyse its ability its to develop performance. The service recognised its limited experience experience performance. The service limited its recognised sort this with performance of analysis. and organisational further and gaps skills these deal with to working is It limited capacity or capability to analyse their data, and that that and data, their analyse capacity capability or to limited past and current monitoring on capacity focused generally is analytical expertise is focused at operational and tactical tactical and operational at analytical focused expertise is those to related crimes trends and with dealing level, only have forces many clear that was it Often, crimes. The police service has acknowledged that most of its its of most serviceThe police that acknowledged has will be able to perform in the future. The same applies perform future. the in to able be will capability capacity, workforce of understanding their to and productivity. Overall, there wasn’t good evidence that forces forces that evidence good wasn’t there Overall, performing are or they how enough well understand marker of the FMS’s success. FMS’s the of marker Performance form the basis of all the strategic decisions forces make. make. forces decisions strategic the all of basis the form be a will this ease, with and well, this do When forces to encourage forces to use their data, knowledge and and knowledge data, their use to forces encourage to the of interpretation likely most the develop expertise to This should contains. it risks the and landscape future FMSs are a four-year forward look. The aim isn’t pinpoint pinpoint The isn’t aim look. forward a four-year are FMSs – but be impossible course, of would, – which accuracy – – – on, such as control rooms, and in activities such as crime crime as such activities in and rooms, control as such on, in: less evident was It recording. Data about the demand forces had to deal with was more more was deal with to had demand forces the about Data focused traditionally have they areas in available readily Data consulting with forces about how to make the FMS FMS the make to how about forces with consulting their with, harmony in and to, linked process a rolling individual and yearly planning cycles; their produce others abouthow forces for information practice. best disseminating thus FMSs, continuously improving the guidance about what goes guidance about what the improving continuously FMS; a high-quality into best develop forces how about discussion the facilitating anticipate and plan need to they skills and tools the and problems trends; risks, threats, – – – – – – Agency and staff and associations. Agency support giving forces committed is This to in group producing This their FMSs. will include: – – demand, asset stewardship and resources, and that is what what is that and resources, and stewardship asset demand, local (including others and forces, that follows It are. FMSs services public other bodies, policing Home and Office), the represent, FMSs which work the from value great derive will us. tell they what and includes that group a steering established therefore have We Council, Chiefs’ Police National the from representatives the and Crime Commissioners, Police of Association the Crime Office, Home the National the Policing, College of the FMS represents for the police service, the it for developing represents FMS the process. be a collaborative needs to strong and a welcome shown have constables chief Most and FMSs improve to us with working to commitment high-quality provide only not which ways in them develop establish to enable them also but us, for information them. ofproducing discipline the and benefit from every organisation They recognise that well-managed about future information needs and comprehensive sound Developing the FMS the Developing that investment the maximum the from benefit achieve To Developing the FMS FMS the Developing a be to needs process. collaborative 76 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 77

or enough concerns to affect its timetabling. affect timetabling. or enoughits concerns to necessary; necessary; forces’ of view a sound maintain we sure make performance; and by example, – for inspections rundesign and future merit an inspection that risks are there where highlighting inform our decisions about what inspections are are inspections what about decisions our inform – – – © Nottinghamshire Police Nottinghamshire © We review all forces regularly as part of this monitoring work. monitoring part as regularly this of forces all review We – – – force never stops. The monitoring process is a critical part a critical is process The monitoring stops. never force to: helps It scrutiny. continuous this of Although our in-force inspections are when forces see our see our when forces are inspections in-force our Although performance each assessing the in of work our staff site, on them. It informs the inspections we do under section 54 54 section under do we inspections the informs It them. 1996. Act Police the of Our monitoring process is a vital part of our work to help help to part a vital work is our process of Our monitoring our on based efficient, and effective become more forces about have we information other and judgments inspection Our monitoring arrangements Our monitoring

We also help them get advice and support from other support and advice other get from them help also We and Policing of College the as such organisations, Council. Chiefs' Police National the primary responsibility for the force will decide whether decide whether will force the primary for responsibility level higher the is This status. Engage to it escalate to force the stage, this At intervention. and monitoring of performance policing our at considered formally is group. oversight Chief Her Majesty’s by chaired group, this Through Engage in forces help we Constabulary, of Inspector of areas any resolve and improve to ways find status own. their on so do been to able haven’t they if concern, status or Engage status. At Scan status, we collect and and collect we Scan status, At status. Engage or status about sources several from andanalyse information data good identify the to this use performance. We forces’ all This work concern. of areas any and doing are they things and findings inspection previous on up following includes assess progress a need is to there where recommendations concern. of a cause to response in example, – for will group our monitoring Based information, on this with HMI the and performance a force the consider of The continuous monitoring process monitoring continuous The Scan either in forces all places regime Our monitoring any areas of concern. We help forces in forces help We findways status Engage to improve and resolve 78 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 79 © Durham Constabulary Durham ©

© Nottinghamshire Police Nottinghamshire © It is a good thing that victims have more confidence confidence more have victims that thing a good is It demand increases report it but types crimes, these to of every in Nonetheless, agencies. and other police on the their support the of (with leaders senior find we area, force officersstaff committed and are who frontline PCCs), vulnerable keeping safe. children to In 2016, we published a report that was highly critical of of critical highly was a report published that we 2016, In child protection (MPS's) Service’s Police Metropolitan the Home Secretary the commissioned this, Following practices. course the quarterly a series reports of over publish to us had MPS the reportEach progress assessed the 2017. of last the published We practices. its improve to made quarterly these reports February in of 2018. peopleMore reporting are abuse and exploitation. inspections Nationalchild protection inspection protection child national the started We 2019, March end of By the April in 2014. programme had We forces. police reports 25 on published had we assess their to forces those of 23 to back gone also recommendations. our against progress Child protection

More people are are people More abuse reporting andexploitation. 80 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 81 In every follow-up inspection, have we in (and clear found some cases significant) improvements.

done before. done before. our engagement with forces is now more productive. productive. more now is forces with engagement our find now we forces, revisit when we importantly, More have would they than progress more made have they Feedback about this approach has been positive and has has and been has positive approach this about Feedback find We working collaboratively. of benefits the highlighted discussion, and emphasise our aim to support and learning to aim our emphasise discussion, and improvement. each inspection. We make sure forces understand our our understand forces sure make We inspection. each them let andapproach knowthroughout our findings we professional and challenge invite We fieldwork. the protection inspections. Each force now receives support receives now force Each inspections. protection after and during before, team our from engagement and to give greater support to the forces we inspect. we forces the support to greater give to carry we child out way changed the have we a result, As inspection team is made up of highly skilled and skilled and highly of up made is team inspection area this is focus sole whose specialists experienced experience their use could we felt We work. police of to improve. We aren’t an improvement agency, but we we but agency, an improvement aren’t We improve. to protection Our child succeed. to police the want do Helping forces to improve to forces Helping more was there felt also we start 2018, the of at But, nationally, policing and forces, help to do should we (and in some cases significant) improvements. improvements. cases some in significant) (and practice. We describe the strengths they should build build should they strengths describe the We practice. pleased that, are We can improve. they where and on clear found have we inspection, everyin follow-up We don’t make graded judgments, but our reports give reports our give but judgments, graded make don’t We effective recommended for blueprint a detailed forces making, leadership, training and forces’ awareness of their their of awareness forces’ and training leadership, making, safeguarding responsibilities. at the centre of our analysis. We use that analysis to to analysis that use We analysis. our of centre the at assesssupport decision We learning and development. protection inspections protection children of experiences the put we inspections, these In How we carry out our national child carry child out our national we How

be more proactive at escalating cases when local authorities cases when local authorities escalating at proactive be more working with at and accommodation, suitable find to fail evidence some found We solutions. find to local authorities effectively. more bail as such alternatives using forces of isn’t accommodation cases in most where appropriate But, court. to go they until detained still are children available, time. a long for often This is It is almost always best for a child not to be held in a police a police in be held to not a child best for always almost is It providing for responsible are authorities Local station. be need to might cases, rare in which, accommodation but this, reinforced Office Home concordat A 2017 secure. available. made being accommodation more led to hasn’t it in children hold shouldn’t they know now forces Police local from accommodation They ask for police stations. should forces said, That 1). figure (see often more authorities We want our inspections to influence national policy policy national influence to inspections our want We new find to continue will we and swiftly directly, and more for methods our developing also are We this. do to ways working collaboratively. Our findings the police treatHow vulnerable children detained in custody when they stations police in held being still are Children quickly enough. changing This isn’t be. shouldn’t that we will find these problems in future inspections. inspections. in future problems these find will we that improvements promote help to ways developed have we So we example, For inspected. yet haven’t we forces the in country. the around forces for learning events regular host vulnerability conference national an started annual have We also work We learning and good practice. promote to Police National the and Policing of College the with closely can findings inspection our sure make to Council Chiefs’ learn. help forces However, our inspections this year still found many of the the of many found still year this inspections our However, likely is This means it years. previous in as same problems Children are still being stations in police held be. shouldn’t they when 82 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 83

Comparison of children charged and refused bailwith number of referrals for removal accommodation to and total number moved, England and 30 to Wales, September 1 April 2018 2017 Figure 1: too many children are being criminalised when they when they criminalised being are children many too be. shouldn’t children at risk of criminal exploitation. They understand understand They exploitation. criminal of risk at children country the across children move criminals organised that These offences are crime. committing into them coerce and lines’. ‘county as to referred often vary problem this to responses that found also But we be to likely still are children areas, many too In widely. The police coercion. of clear evidence despite prosecuted protect to them to available tools the all using yet aren’t a result, As crime. commit to forced are who children Criminal exploitation recognising at better now are forces police that found We © Sussex Police 84 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 85

In too many areas, areas, many In too still likely are children be prosecuted to evidence clear despite of coercion.

benefits to intervening early in a way that recognises the the recognises that way earlyin a intervening to benefits time. over trauma of impact cumulative drugs. Children who have several adverse childhood childhood adverse several who Children have drugs. continuous need substantial, to likely more are experiences are there cases, these in that, shows Research support. Adverse childhood experiences are stressful events that that events stressful are experiences childhood Adverse domestic homelessness, as such childhood, during occur abuses or an alcoholic is who a parent having or abuse to adverse childhood experiences. experiences. childhood adverse to We have found many examples of good, innovative work work innovative good, of examples many found have We part are police the Wales, In children. vulnerable protect to exposed early children support give to to a programme of Innovative work the police are doing to protect children children protect are to police doing the work Innovative can’t do this alone. The Government, and social media media social and The Government, alone. this do can’t they how on reflect also should companies, technology and help. need in of children protect to support police the means that the police need new approaches to identify to approaches need new police the means that police But the victims. their quickly protect and suspects almost always worse than they would have been otherwise. have would they than worse always almost internet the on children of images indecent The of number The sheer number of complex cases means that some are are some cases means that complex The sheer of number training, the right have officersdon’t who by investigated cases are these of The outcomes experience. or skills they need. the police don’t take any action to safeguard children until until children safeguard to action any take don’t police the can lead this that found We been examined. have devices support the protection and getting children in delays to and other evidence of abuse can only be found by costly costly by can be found only abuse of evidence other and Often, examinations. and forensic digital time-consuming often causes delays. Some forces have equipment that can equipment that have Some forces often causes delays. images indecent have quickly identify may devices which images a result, As this. use forces all But not them. on The way the police deal with people who pose a risk to to a risk pose people who deal with police the The way Examining devices electronic seized inconsistent. is children The response to those who pose a risk to children a risk pose who to those The response to

© City of London Police London City of © organisations to create the UK’s first ‘child house’, known known house’, ‘child first UK’s the create to organisations model. an on Icelandic based is which Lighthouse', 'the as have who children sure make help designed to This is further traumatised aren’t assaulted been sexually a crime. of investigation the by social advocacy, medical, provides model The Lighthouse support specially one in therapeutic and police care, multi-agency of a lot taken has up it Setting designed place. impact, assess its early to too is It investment. and work heart. its at children needs of the has model the but consistent. The new National Policing Vulnerability Vulnerability Policing The National new consistent. evaluating by this address to aims Centre Coordination by work this help could The Government best practice. of earlyintervention benefits the promoting and recognising trauma. understand people who by Using child-centred approaches more becoming are police the that encouraged are We approaches. child-centred use need to the of aware other with worked have police the Camden, In In England, the approach to early intervention isn’t isn’t early intervention to approach the England, In child-centred approaches. The police are becoming more aware use to need the of 86 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 87 1

environment. abuse, children at risk of neglect, children at risk of criminal criminal of risk at children neglect, of risk at children abuse, family the in abuse sexual of risk at those and exploitation By the end of March 2019, we had carried out joint in-depth in-depth carried had joint out we 2019, March end of By the These focused areas. local authority 28 in inspections domestic living children with exploitation, on child sexual children in need of protection. need in of children In these inspections, we consider how well police, police, well how consider we inspections, these In help to services social and health together work education, inspections. We carry them out with Ofsted, the Care Care the carry Ofsted, We with out them inspections. of Inspectorate Quality Her and Majesty’s Commission The continuing. is programme Probation). (HMI Probation inspections protection child joint of a programme started we 2016, In Joint targeted child protection protection child targeted Joint

but agencies can do more. All children and young people, people, young and All children can agencies but more. do still We support. good consistently get should areas, all in bysome professionals of poorexamples practice find exploitation of risk at are who children Some agencies. and need quickly as they response the get don’t still abuse and should. they as Our findings working, joint good of examples find to continue We © Hampshire Constabulary© 88 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 89 Agencies have been have Agencies to hard working responses their improve to child neglect.

We hope to carry out a pilot inspection in late 2019, with with 2019, late in carry inspection to hope a pilot out We 2020. in place taking further inspections education, social care and health inspectorates, we will will we inspectorates, health and care social education, Wales. for programme inspection an integrated develop to 16 and 17-year-olds. and 16 to Welsh the from colleagues and Probation HMI with Together of inspections is complete, we will focus on the multi-agency multi-agency the on focus will we complete, is inspections of problems. health mental experiencing children to response response the and early intervention, to on move then will We During late 2018 and early 2019, we have focused on child child on focused have we early and 2019, 2018 late During round When this environment. family the in abuse sexual Next steps Decisions about how to respond to neglect must be be neglect must to respond to how about Decisions the to listening by and evidence, good by informed themselves. children the of experiences All partners and professionals also need to be clear be clear need to also All partners professionals and neglect. to identifying in responding and role their about and professionals have the same understanding of how how of same understanding the have professionals and itself. manifests olderneglect children of in all agencies need to come together to form a clear local form to together come need agencies all to in neglect the include This should neglect. deal with to strategy partners all sure make should Leaders children. older of To achieve the best possible outcomes for children, leaders leaders children, for outcomes best possible the achieve To showed that agencies, including adult services, adult need including agencies, that showed identifying responding and to approach system’ a ‘whole children. older neglect of the to their responses to child neglect. However, their work work their However, neglect. child to responses their Our inspections children. younger on focused largely has with neglect. with improve to hard been working have agencies that found We In July 2018, we published a report covering six inspections six inspections a report published covering we 2018, July In living children older to response multi-agency the of Older children who are with living neglect

We found that the police are committed to the YOS YOS the to committed are police the that found We play police the that found also We partnership approach. if deciding part of process valuable and the in an active person disposal. a young should receive an out-of-court be better could police the that finding still are we However, organisations. other with sharingat information offences. We inspected five force areas to assess how well well assessto how areas force five inspected We offences. this within carrying responsibilities were police their out the partnership approach. for methodology the revised we Probation, HMI with Together Changes included 2018. in programme inspection joint our YOSs in involved agencies the how assessment of a formal place taking work the of an and examination together, work cautions). youth as (such disposals out-of-court deal with to Our findings We carry out joint inspections of Youth Offending Services Youth of carry inspections We joint out teams, multi-agency are YOSs Probation. HMI with (YOSs) reduce to aim which local authorities, by co-ordinated a statutory have forces Police people. young by offending information share to and support YOSs, to responsibility with them. people young vulnerable most the of some deal with YOSs partnership can keep help working Effective society. in further committing them stop and people safe young these Youth Offending Services Offending Youth

YOSs deal with some with deal YOSs vulnerable most the of in society. people young 90 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 91 © Sussex Police areas of risk and of significant public interest. interest. public significant of and risk of areas during policing CT of areas other discussed also We inspection. this What we inspected we What forces gave network CT national the assessed whether We from risk the reduce them help to direction strategic effective local and regional national, considered also We terrorism. and consistent connected well were see if they to structures threat. terrorist the to approach their in police the how examined we effectiveness, this test To (protecting safeguarding areas: critical two in respond intelligence and CT vulnerable people radicalisation) from highest the of be two to these considered We handling. collaboration of regional hubs working together, supported working regional together, hubs of collaboration in unique is structure This a headquarters function. by British policing. police 16 visited and documents of a range reviewed We CT the (including hubs regional ten visited also We forces. unit CT and crime organised the and London in command officers senior interviewed we Finally, Scotland). Police in carrying work. CT out national Counter-terrorism counter- a series in of third carried the out we 2018, In assessed the This inspection inspections. (CT) terrorism ‘bridge’ the providing in network CT the of effectiveness England, in policing of local and levels national between terrorism. from risk the reduce to Scotland and Wales a is It organisation. a single isn’t network The CT Specialist inspectionsSpecialist handling terrorism terrorism handling intelligence. Nationally, there is a there Nationally, and highly consistent effective processfor 92 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 93 © Sussex Police levels. Because of the sensitive nature of CT work and legal legal and work CT of nature sensitive the of Because levels. didn’t we security, national protect to place in constraints report. the publish Our recommendations regional and force national, at recommendations made We safeguarding. This has made people safer. made This has safeguarding. effective and co-ordinated approach to the terrorist threat. threat. terrorist the to approach co-ordinated and effective 2017, of summer the in attacks terrorist five the Following and handling intelligence its improved has network CT the from radicalisation. radicalisation. from an provide police the that evidence strong found We terrorism intelligence. We also found that the police are are police the that found also We intelligence. terrorism vulnerable people in protecting role a prominent playing We were reassured to find that, nationally, there is a is there nationally, that, find to reassured were We handling for process effective highly and consistent Our findings

Figure 2: 2: Figure recordedTotal hate crime offences, England and Wales, 2012/13 to 2017/18 We carried out an inspection of how the police deal with deal with police the how of carried an out inspection We inspection the time, first the For crime. hate reports of crime hate reports of deal with police the assessed how types. all of is it While crimes been has increasing. hate of The volume recorded of numbers overall of terms in proportion a low can communities and effect victims individual on the crimes, suggest to evidence strong also is There be devastating. police. the to underreported significantly is crime hate that Hate crime Hate 94 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 95

We saw good, saw We practice innovative forces. in several

didn’t always give hate crime victims enough information; information; enough victims crime hate give always didn’t and support to victims crime hate refer consistently didn’t services. incorrectly flagged hate incidents and crimes; and incidents hate flagged incorrectly about hate data comprehensive gather didn’t crime victims; crime; hate about intelligence enough gather didn’t – – – – – We will consider what we can do next to help the police police the help can next do to we what consider will We service recommendations. our implement deal with it. It was important to victims that officers showed officers showed that victims important to was It it. deal with an understanding their personal of circumstances. NatCen Social Research to speak to hate crime victims. victims. crime hate speak to to Research Social NatCen to officers police staff and wanted they that us told Victims to trained better and crime hate recognising at be better As part of our hate crime inspection, we also commissioned commissioned also we inspection, crime partAs hate our of improvement. We concluded that there was still much work work much still was there that concluded We improvement. the to crime report who hate victims sure make to do to service deserve. the get police they Our report made several recommendations for Our report for recommendations several made – – – – The inspection also found that some forces: some that found also The inspection – hard to raise awareness of hate crime among staff among crime and hate of awareness raise to hard communities. their in with victims. We saw good, innovative practice in several several in practice innovative good, saw We victims. with worked had visited we forces the that found and forces, Our report emphasised the importance of the police getting getting police Our importance the report the of emphasised contact first their during and time first right response their Our findings

3 4

© Hampshire Constabulary© cases as disability hate crime on police force systems or to to or systems force police on crime cases disability as hate guidelines. charging the with line in CPS the cases to refer We helped Her Majesty’s Crown Prosecution Service Prosecution Crown helped Her Majesty’s We police the carry how of an (HMCPSI) out inspection Inspectorate disability deal with Service (CPS) Prosecution Crown the and area. this on focus to inspection third the This was crime. hate Our findings investigating at be better need to police the that found We victim of aspects some improve to and crime disability hate been hadn’t examined cases we the half than More care. flag to failing included Theproblems enough. well dealt with Disability hate crime Disability hate of Practice were more consistent. Practice more were consistent. of We also found there were often delays in the investigation investigation the in delays often were there found also We Risk supervision cases. effective of of a lack and process assessed, cases we the of many in missing were assessments place. in put always weren’t plans management risk and victim to referrals shortcomings, these of some Despite support services Code and Victims’ compliance the with 96 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 97 Many aspects the Many of mental health broader and broken, are system police forces are picking up the pieces.

Picking Up the the Up Picking our first report into policing and mental health. health. mental and policing report first our into

5 ,

emotional toll on both officersstaff. and both on toll emotional overwhelmed) police officers can’t always respond respond always officersoverwhelmed) police can’t don’t crisis health mental people in and appropriately, a heavy can take All this need. they help the get always This means that already overstretched (and all-too-often all-too-often (and overstretched already This means that find themselves responsible for the safety and welfare welfare and the safety for responsible themselves find be better would professionals other people whom of deal with. to placed work. They often don’t have the skills they need to support need to they skills the have don’t often They work. they often, too And, problems. health mental people with problems to the degree they are. Our inspection found found Our inspection are. they degree the to problems problems, health mental people with with dealing in that, high-risk and officerspolice staffdo complex and must Our report expressed grave concerns about whether the the whether concerns about Our grave report expressed health mental to responding in be involved should police It is a national crisis that should not be allowed to continue. continue. to be allowed not should that crisis a national is It action. urgent and rethink be a fundamental needsThere to broken, and police forces are picking up the pieces. This is This is pieces. the up picking are forces police and broken, well as problems, health mental people with down letting officers police on staff. and burden an intolerable placing as Many aspects of the broader mental health system are are system health mental broader the of aspects Many is generally supportive, considerate and compassionate. compassionate. and considerate supportive, generally is service police the the carrying of is much too However, problems. health mental to responding of burden Our findings people mental health problems with The to police approach area policing. of Mental ill-health is said to affect one in four of us at some some at us of affect four in one said to is ill-health Mental every across cuts that topic a complex is It lives. our in point Pieces 2017 our from findings the detail in This examined effectiveness inspection. Mental health published we 2018, November In All forces now have some form of mental health triage. triage. health mental of form some have now All forces officer a police staffed by unit be a mobile This may health a mental or paramedic, and/or a nurse alongside room. control the in based specialist and records can access health police the This means that evaluate need to now Forces care. appropriate arrange the meeting are services they assessthese whether to mental health problems. with needs those of at recognising and responding when people are in crisis. crisis. in when people are responding and recognising at quality the but area, this in training in investing are Forces is inconsistent. people who of views seeking the are forces Only a few experienced This could mental health problems. have shape and training, their quality of the improve to help services.future Mental health triage services Collaborating with other organisations improve to others and NHS the with working are The police these that found We ill-health. mental of understanding joint mental of a clear understanding have partnerships need to appropriately. respond demand to health Leadership and governance mental with dealing for place in policies have forces Most officers and staffgood generally and are problems, health Despite these problems, many forces have done innovative done innovative have forces many problems, these Despite includes: This area. this in work health problems. health Most forces have have Most forces for in place policies mental with dealing 98 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 99 © City of London Police London City of © All forces now have have now forces All mental of form some health triage.

We will continue to work with forces, the National Police Police National the forces, with work to continue will We up Office Home follow lead and the Council to Chiefs’ recommendations. on these people with mental ill-health, carried out by the Mental Mental the carried by out ill-health, mental people with group. steering Concordat Care Crisis Health demand. However, our main recommendation is that there there that is main recommendation our However, demand. to response state the of review be a fundamental should We have identified some areas in which police forces can forces police in which areas some identified have We of view a clearer building and training of terms in improve, Next steps

6 , Everyone’s Business: Business: Everyone’s schemes in which the police work with schools to support to schools with work police the schemes which in abuse domestic incidents. at present children continued investment in training oncontinued domestic investment abuse; safeguarding multi-agency of development continued other partnership in with work police the where hubs, abuse; domestic of victims protect to organisations at evidence record video to body-worn of use increased and an incident; scene of the other and Encompass Operation of roll-out continual the – – – – This is likely to be because crimes are being recorded more more recorded being crimes be because are to likely This is about confident more feel complainants and consistently, reasons be other may There police. the to them reporting to able are or these understand forces all not but too, them. explain Our findings abuse domestic of increaseA big recorded in levels levels recorded in increase an percent 88 was There 2017, 30 June to months 12 the in abuse domestic of specialist first our in reported levels with compared to months 12 the (for issue the on inspection August 2013). 31 most police forces are doing to deal with domestic abuse. abuse. domestic deal with to doing are forces police most This includes: – – – – In February 2019, we published the fourth in a series of a series in fourth of the published we FebruaryIn 2019, approach reports consider police service's the that thematic The first, abuse. domestic of victims to Abuse Domestic to Response Police the Improving police’s the then, Since 2014. March in published was are Victims markedly. improved has area performance this in protected. and supported better now 2017 our from findings the report recent The presents most work good the recognises and inspection effectiveness Domestic abuse Domestic

30 June 2017. of domestic abuse domestic of months to in 12 the There was an was There increase 88 percent levels in recorded 100 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 101

by force, for the 12 months force,by 30 to for June the 2017 12 Figure 3: 3: Figure Domestic abuse arrest rate (per domestic 100 abuse crimes), Forces need to be able to explain why this is happening happening is this why explain to be able need to Forces it. can address they so as early as possible, the number of arrests for domestic domestic for arrests of number the earlyas possible, as overall the despite forces, 23 in crimes fell abuse-related crimes increasing. abuse domestic recorded of number domestic abuse cases is falling (see figure 3). While most most While 3). figure (see cases falling is abuse domestic an arrest make to importantis it that officers know frontline victims of domestic abuse at serious risk of harm. serious abuse domestic harm. at risk of of victims in arrests of rate the be concerned that to continue We In some cases, we found that delays in response were were response in delays that found we cases, some In putting potentially and investigations effective hampering Delays and declining arrest and declining riskDelays at victims put rates release, for example to prevent them from contacting the the contacting from them prevent to example for release, complainant or or witnesses, otherwise interfering with an investigation. started to examine the effect of changes to pre-charge pre-charge changes to effect of the examine to started 2017. Act Crime and Policing the by introduced bail April 3 on 2017. force These changescame into of practice police end the to changes is the The of aim periods without long for bail pre-charge people on keeping can when used be only Bail it scrutiny. judicial independent justified, be can’t When bail necessaryis proportionate. and these In investigation. under released are persons accused person's the on restrictions place can’t police the cases, The impact bail of changes we part as inspection, effectiveness our of Last year, © Greater Manchester Police Manchester Greater © 102 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 103 Forces should make any any make should Forces necessary to changes are they sure make using bail effectively. of domestic abuse every year and will report on the findings report findings will and every abuse the on year domestic of 2019. in inspection latest our from Next steps victims to approach police the inspect to continue will We We will be assessing this issue in more detail as part of the part as the detail of more in issue be assessing this will We inspections. 2018/2019 PEEL sure they are using bail effectively, and that vulnerable vulnerable that and effectively, bail using are they sure them. can give conditions bail that protection the get victims made a national recommendation that, by September September by that, recommendation a national made changes. the implemented they how review forces all 2018, necessary any make make changes to now should Forces In our PEEL: police effectiveness 2017 report, we were were we report, 2017 effectiveness police PEEL: our In we that bail pre-charge of use concernedso the about a feeling on their part that they are less supported and less and supported are part they their on that a feeling police. the by protected important that an unintended consequence of this legislation legislation consequenceimportant this an of unintended that nor vulnerable for victims, be less protection shouldn’t In our fourth thematic report, we highlighted our concern our highlighted we report, fourth our In thematic having be could bail of use the changes to these that is It abuse. domestic of effect victims on a detrimental through our inspection programme and with our technical technical our with and programme inspection our through bail. of use the on data understand better advisory to group more of an understanding of the use of bail for domestic domestic for bail of use the of anunderstanding of more forces with be working will We offences. abuse-related Since the 2017 PEEL inspections, we have wanted to gain gain to wanted have we inspections, PEEL 2017 the Since 8 7 a lack of understanding of roles and responsibilities; and roles of understanding of a lack businesses and protect to work of co-ordination of a lack public; the for allocated cases are way the in variation a wide investigation; and fraudsters; of management proactive of a lack fraud. of service victims the to improve a general need to a lack of a national policing strategy for fraud; for strategy policing a national of a lack – – – – – – The strategic approach to fraudThe strategic approach to for strategy policing or national There no is government of a range place in put have forces Police fraud. tackling But even local on priorities. based different approaches scale full the with cope to enough aren’t these collectively, fraud. of – – – – – areas: distinct five into separated was Our inspection We published our report our April published in 2019. We Our findings investigating and reporting for process a centralised is There problems are there sensible is While in principle, this fraud. run. is process the way the with found: We – Fraud makes up around a third of all crime and is the largest largest the is and crime all of a third around up makes Fraud crime type. standalone Secretary Home the commissioned a national 2017, June In fraud. to approach police the of inspection thematic organised regional nine all forces, police 11 inspected We also We (NCA). Agency Crime National the and units crime centre reporting national (the Fraud Action inspected Bureau Intelligence Fraud National the and fraud) for Police. London City of run by are which of both (NFIB), Fraud fraud. There is no government government no is There policing or national tackling for strategy 104 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 105

© West Midlands Police Midlands West © organisations. And some other activities aren’t carried out aren’t activities And other some organisations. clear. aren’t because all and responsibilities roles at of the organisations involved. This confusion leads to some some This to leads confusion involved. organisations the of different in once than carried being more out activities When it comes to dealing with fraud, police leaders don’t leaders don’t police fraud, with dealing When comes it to should do understand what. which organisations always capacity the enough well understand always don’t also They How policing is structured is fraud respond to policing to How In general, the police don’t prioritise fraud. But tackling fraud fraud But tackling fraud. prioritise don’t police the general, In public government, National police. the for a job just isn’t play. to a role have all sector private the and bodies © Hampshire Constabulary© for allocating large-scale fraud cases doesn’t work work cases doesn’t fraud large-scale allocating for around’ ‘bounce often investigations a result, As well. agencies. between How fraud is investigated and fraudsters managed fraud investigated is How case handling quality of the in variation much too found We all investigate some forces example, For and prioritisation. fewer Others investigate NFIB. the by them to cases sent delays avoidable found also We cases. of percent 10 than offenders. of targeting proactive of a lack and identify the to enough do didn’t inspected we The forces The process groups. crime organised by fraud of threat work. We also found examples of good joint working working joint good of examples found also We work. more Nationally, sector. private the and police the between make and local projects good learn from to done be could can provide. they intelligence the of use report and to used systems digital the to Improvements always don’t forces Police been delayed. have fraud analyse provides. NFIB the intelligence the of use good make and identify trends use or always don’t This means forces fraud. of risk support help at are people who to threats How the public is protected from fraud protected is public the How prevention led fraud locally of examples good found We prioritisation. We found too much too found We quality in the variation and handling case of 106 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 107 Victims often receive about poor information be will cases their how and how investigated they are progressing. how forces and regional units manage fraudsters; fraudsters; manage units regional and forces how and fraud; of identify victims vulnerable forces how Code Victims’ the under service victims the to improving Practice. of improving the service and information given to victims. service the to given improving and information mapping; organised crime group identifying best practice and co-ordinating protection work; work; protection co-ordinating and identifying best practice the of understanding public and police the improving processes; and response reporting, recording national-level and regional of use making better and fraud; large-scale with dealing for arrangements developing a national strategic approach to fraud; fraud; to approach strategic a national developing publishing performance and accountability information; – – – – – – – – – – Fraud is closely linked to cybercrime. In 2019, we will carry will we 2019, In cybercrime. to linked closely is Fraud crime. cyber-dependent of inspection a thematic out the NFIB. the We will work with City of London Police to develop an an develop to Police London City of with work will We and Fraud Action of aspects all for regime inspection Next steps – – – – The areas for improvement we identified included: included: identified we improvement for The areas – – – – – The recommendations included: The recommendations – areas for improvement. for areas Our recommendations five identified and recommendations Our report 16 made Victims often receive poor information about how their cases cases their how about information poor receive often Victims progressing. are they how and be investigated will Among both the police and the public, there is still a lack of of a lack still is there public, the and police the Among both process. reporting fraud national the about understanding protect themselves from fraud. Other, less vulnerable victims Other, fraud. from themselves protect service. a good such get always don’t Vulnerable victims tend to receive a good receive service. to tend victims Vulnerable to how about advice and care good receive generally They How fraud arevictims treated How concluded concluded 9 , Living in Fear – The Police Police – The in Fear Living The police and crime commissioner for Sussex was was Sussex for commissioner crime and The police area performance this in Police’s concerned Sussex about 2018. in inspection carry to us a follow-up out asked and working in value see great we accept: pleased to were We assess particularly to commissioners, crime and police with inspections. thematic our local of effects the Between 2016 and 2017, we carried out our first inspection inspection carried first our out we 2017, and 2016 Between and stalking to approach CPS’s the and police the into HMCPSI. with inspection a joint was This harassment. report, national Our July 2017 Stalking and Harassment to Response CPS and and down, victims letting were CPS the and police the that Police Sussex improvement. for recommendations made inspection. part as the of visited we six forces of one was Stalking andharassment Stalking © Kent Police 108 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 109

There is more work work more is There the sure make do to to police protect victims stalking both of and harassment.

This is the 10 damaging crimes. damaging largest increase in any crime category. We will continue continue will We category. crime any in increase largest serious these police approach and the how monitor to Recently published recorded crime figures show that that show figures crime recorded published Recently percent 41 by crimes increased harassment and stalking year. previous the with compared 2018, in Next steps stalking and harassment. So we have also made some new new some made also have we So harassment. and stalking organisations. national to recommendations some of our recommendations and continue to work on on work to and continue recommendations our of some cases some in and do, to work more is there Again, others. both of victims protect police the sure make to work, urgent National organisations have made some good progress on some made on good progress have organisations National closely with interested parties on a national level. So we we So level. parties a national on interested with closely against made had they progress what review decided to report. 2017 our in recommendations the recommendations to the chief constable. constable. chief the to recommendations been also working have we inspection, initial our Since However, the force still has more work to do, particularly do, to work more has still force the However, several made have we so crimes correctly, recording in We found that Sussex Police had done a great deal of deal of a great done had Police Sussex that found We harassment. and stalking to approach its improve to work Our findings

Follow-up visits to forces to visits Follow-up carry we out them, inspected have we after One year assess the to visits these use We forces. to visits follow-up findings. our to response in made has force each progress carried out we 2019, March and 2018 March Between started had forces most that found We visits. these of ten services. were But when forces custody their improve to health particularly mental organisations, other on dependent slow services, was progress children’s localand authority detainees. for outcomes better achieving in to the UN Convention against Torture. against UN Convention the to we April 2019, end of the and 2018 March Between of inspections reports unannounced after 11 published 2018/19, In Wales. and England across suites custody police that suites custody the time, first the for inspected, also we terrorism of suspicion on people arrested detain to used are inspection this for findings our publish will We offences. summerin 2019. inspections inspections custody Joint jointly suites custody police carry of We inspections out a as this do We Prisons. of Inspectorate Her Majesty’s with Mechanism (NPM). Preventive National UK’s the member of detention, of places inspect and members monitor NPM Protocol Optional the under obligations UK’s the with line in Specialist rolling

England and Wales. England inspections of police inspections police of custody across suites 11 reports after unannounced Between March 2018 2018 Between March April and end the of published we 2019, 110 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 111 published in October 2017, we changed our changed our we 2017, October in published 11 © Hampshire Constabulary© forces for. who are under the influence of drugs or alcohol. We have have We or drugsalcohol. of influence the under are who carry we how about more public the tell to steps taken also ask we type information the and of inspections our out custody, detainees of welfare the on more focus to methodology from each other. other. each from in deaths of review Angiolini’s Elish Dame Following sub-groups, and the national Police and Criminal Evidence Evidence Criminal and Police national the and sub-groups, the with work also We board. strategy (PACE) 1984 Act can learn we so Association, Visiting Custody Independent police custody policy development. We attend the National National the attend We development. policy police custody and its forum custody national Council's Chiefs' Police We continue to inform the work of the NPM and national national and NPM the of work the inform to continue We © Nottinghamshire Police Nottinghamshire © Reviews are important because they assess whether assess whether important they because are Reviews justified. still is custody a person in keeping welfare detainee’s consider the didn’t reviews Some reviewing forces of examples found also We properly. reminding asleep not and were detainees while detention up. woke when they rights their of them good levels of care. They usually make good assessments assessments good make usually They care. of levels good a or conditions health existing as such risks, individual of monitor don’t Because forces most self-harm. history of true the measure to difficult is it delays, or times waiting problems. these scale of detention Reviewing the meet always didn’t inspected we forces the of Some reviewing in Practice Codes of PACE the of requirements detention review forces many too example, For detention. detainee. the speaking to without or late too early, too Our findings officers custody that found have we years, previous in As provide generally and respectfully, detainees most treat 112 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 113

Most forces haven’t haven’t Most forces to done enough themonitor cases are who people of under released investigation. 12 some long waits for children and vulnerable adults before and children before vulnerable for adults some long waits support adult. receive they an from appropriate ligature points, which we are still finding in custody suites; suites; custody in finding still are we which points, ligature the involving incidents of monitoring and recording poor force; use of performance the about of information of a general lack services;custody and custody suites not always having enough staff to keep keep staff enough to having always not suites custody safe; detainees – – – – – treated fairly. Even when forces do record this information, information, this record do when forces Even fairly. treated well. it monitoring are that few found we Also, too few forces are recording information about the the about information recording are forces few too Also, detainees. of characteristics protected other and ethnicity are detainees whether show important is to This information – – – – Other common areas that concern us are: concern are: us that areas Othercommon – Other areas concern of bail conditions, weren’t good enough. In 2019/20, we will will we 2019/20, In enough. good weren’t conditions, bail for arrangements police of carry inspection a thematic out investigation. under still while custody people from releasing of people who are released under investigation. In some some In investigation. under released are people who of protect to arrangements concerned that were we forces, by been dealt with have previously would which victims, Most forces haven’t done enough to monitor the cases cases the monitor to enough done haven’t forces Most but their investigation is still ongoing. Unlike bail, there is there no bail, Unlike ongoing. is still but their investigation on station police the to return to a detainee for requirement a particular date. The changes included the introduction of ‘release under under ‘release of introduction the The changes included custody from released are detainees whereby investigation’, In some cases, these changes have led to delays while while delays led to changes have these cases, some In legislation. new the with grips to get forces In April 2017, the Policing and Crime Act 2017 came into came into 2017 Act Crime and Policing the April 2017, In arrangements. bail changes to in resulted which force, Release under investigation

As such, it is very is it such, As 14 Crime Recording: Making the Victim Victim the Making Recording: Crime Accurate crime recording helps forces prioritise prioritise helps forces crime recording Accurate 13 . slavery crimes. how accurately the police record reports of crime crime reports of record police the accurately how in general; violent reports of record police the accurately how crimes; sexual and rape; reports of record police the accurately how and treated; are abuse domestic of victims well how modern reports of record police the well how – – – – – We examine reports made by the public, and by by and public, the by reports made examine We police specialist services, social as such to organisations assess We victims. vulnerable with dealing departments been appropriately crimes have see whether to these police the cases which in examine also We recorded. has crime no that show amended reports crime to have been committed. Our inspections cover several areas: areas: several cover Our inspections – – – – – forces work with other organisations. It also helps forces forces helps also It organisations. other with work forces out set as people fairly, treating are they whether monitor Duty. Equality Sector Public the in accurate. is data the important that all inspect to programme a new started we April 2016, In record they well how on Wales and England in forces 43 2014 our on builds The programme crime. reported reported 800,000 that found which inspection, thematic nationally. unrecorded went percent) crimes (19 Crime data integrity (CDI) is hugely important to public public important hugely is to (CDI) integrity data Crime 2014 our in found we as police, the in confidence inspection: thematic Count them helps also It staff. skilled suitably using investigations and future the for effectively plan resources, their manage service community deserve. the the and they victims give call from an policing, has effect every on of This data area how to prevention crime and investigations to handling Crime data integrity data Crime

using suitably staff. skilled Accurate crime Accurate helps forces recording prioritise investigations 114 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 115

Most forces Most forces the appreciated importance of accurate and recording crime to determined were time. first right it get © British Transport Police why they did so well. so did they why to a healthy, victim-focused culture. Three forces are are forces Three culture. victim-focused a healthy, to the from out performance their as stood below, highlighted understand to detail, in forces these examined have We rest. In forces where crime recording was of a high standard, we we standard, a high of was recording crime where forces In effective, was oversight strong, was leadership that found contributing – all well worked processes and systems and first time. firsttime. We found that most forces appreciated the importance of importance the of appreciated forces most that found We right it get to determined were and recording crime accurate Our findings was 89.3 percent; for violent violent for percent; 89.3 was 15 for the 20 forces we had inspected to that point, point, that to inspected had we forces 20 the for These figures are better than those we reported we those than better are These figures

17 16 inspections of 34 police forces, eight of which we have have we which of eight forces, police 34 of inspections leaders and police senior that These showed re-inspected. importanceCDI. of the officers staff recognise many and vary deal. a great still standards recording crime However, crime reported all for accuracy recording The combined 34 forces those across The picture big CDI our from findings the published have we far, So which shows the effort forces are making to improve and and improve effort making to are the forces shows which there However, work. inspection continued our of value the further for improvement. room is Figure 4: Overall crime recording accuracy force by offences it was 87.5 percent, and for sexual offences 93.3 offences 93.3 sexual for and percent, 87.5 offences was it percent. year last 116 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 117

Crime recording standards still vary deal. a great

18 the force had taken immediate steps to improve its crime crime its improve to steps immediate taken had force the practices. recording we noted that recorded crime in West Yorkshire Police Police Yorkshire West in crime recorded that noted we of publication the since trend been an on had upward that This suggests report. inspection thematic 2014 our in November 2018; we found the force was recording recording was force the found we 2018; November in initial our to contrast In crime. reported of percent 94.6 Police, Constabulary Kent and Cheshire in inspections recording arrangementsrecording as needing immediate place took force the of inspection Our latest improvement. both forces as outstanding in this area. area. this in outstanding as forces both crime Police’s Yorkshire assessed West we 2014, In Cheshire Constabulary was recording 96.4 percent and and percent 96.4 recording Constabulary was Cheshire regraded We crimes. reported of percent 96.6 Police Kent 83.6 percent of reported crimes. We graded them both both them graded We crimes. reported of percent 83.6 in forces both re-inspected We area. this in inadequate as that found We respectively. 2018 October and 2018 May In November 2016, we inspected Cheshire Constabulary Cheshire inspected we 2016, November In recorded forces both that estimated and Police Kent and West Yorkshire Police had all made significant performance significant made all had Police Yorkshire West their CDI. to improvements Improving crime recording: what works? what recording: crime Improving and Police Kent Constabulary, Cheshire that found We However, we estimate that around 610,000 crimes reported crimes reported 610,000 around that estimate we However, year. the in unrecorded still were police the to 2014 inspection, forces recorded around 490,000 more more 490,000 around recorded forces inspection, 2014 standards. recording better of because 2018 crimes during We estimate that, in comparison with the findings of our our of findings the with comparison in that, estimate We

We revisited these forces to understand and examine examine and understand to forces these revisited We experiences. their learn from to and approach force’s each common in things some had they that revealed Our analysis CDI. to approach their in rolling 12-month totals,rolling 12-month December December to 2013 2018 Figure 5: in recordedTrends crime in Cheshire, Kent and Yorkshire, West 118 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 119 Having more of an of more Having crime of understanding to demand forces helps better when understand deploy to and where resources. their © Hampshire Constabulary© when and where to deploy their resources to make sure sure make to resources their deploy to when where and help. for calls to appropriately most respond they to crime recording. Having more of an understanding of of an understanding of more Having recording. crime to better understand to forces these demand helps crime This approach has resulted in a noticeable and encouraging encouraging and a noticeable in resulted has This approach approach a victim-focused and staff, among change cultural and clear direction to staff, often via personal messages. via personalmessages. often staff, to clearand direction and meetings briefingsRegularinfluenced how CDI strategic plans. improvement managed and oversaw officerschief In all three forces, senior leaders prioritised CDI. forces, allIn three leadership active governance, effective provided They Leadership © Nottinghamshire Police Nottinghamshire © structural or technological changes, or significant increases increases significant or changes, technological or structural important is This indicates it because staffin funding. or improve to money spend more need to don’t forces that their CDI. Effective systems and processesEffective systems review carried had a thorough out forces three the of Each in invested had Police Kent recording. crime its improve to and base) a low starting from was it (although posts more is which unit, management incident its in systems more and Cheshire force. the in recording crime for responsible and processes their redesigned had forces Yorkshire West substantial any reported neither ways; smaller in systems 120 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 121

Ultimately, CDI about is all being victim-focused. and dedicated crime recording staff recording crime dedicated and 19 dedicated forum, a CDI helpline, social media and videos to videos and to media social helpline, a CDI forum, dedicated HOCR. the changes to explain crime registrars run by the College of Policing. But these But these Policing. of College the run by registrars crime Yorkshire West too. staff, other to training extra gave forces supporting staff in via a particularly creative was Police The HOCR require all force crime registrars and their their and registrars crime force all require The HOCR force for course accreditation the complete to deputies officers and staff responsible for making crime recording recording making crime for officers staffresponsible and certain for roles. exam a CDI and decisions, had supplemented this with a single point of contact for CDI CDI for contact of point a single with this supplemented had had Police Yorkshire West units. local policing its of each in for objectives personal CDI review development introduced CDI training packages for specific roles – for example, example, for roles – specific for packages training CDI Constabulary Cheshire staff. room control and safeguarding Training for decision making decision for Training three the which in ways main the of one was Training bespoke developed had Each success. achieved forces consistently and to aconsistently high and standard. to contributed a great deal to the success of the three forces. forces. three the success of the deal to a great contributed decisions. make to trusted and empowered were They applied were The Office Home (HOCR) Rules Counting Force crime registrars crime Force Repeat offenders can be identified more accurately and and accurately more offendersRepeat can be identified reduce risk to effectively efficiently and directed resources communities.” our and harm within victim-focused. Ethical crime recording is essential essential is recording crime Ethical victim-focused. victims. vulnerable and repeat understanding to John Robins, Temporary ChiefJohn Constable Robins, Temporary West of being about all is CDI “Ultimately, said: Police, Yorkshire the complainant safe and preserve evidence. In all three three all In preserve and evidence. safe complainant the is a crime record to how about decision final the forces, investigation. the of independent is who somebody by taken an emphasis on the needs of complainants. This means complainants. needsan emphasis on of the keep helps this as early as crime possible, as the recording Despite the different approaches, a consistent element was was element a consistent differentapproaches, the Despite

and audits 20 recording in 2004, our subsequent inspections subsequent our 2004, in recording understand the various routes by which crime is reported reported is crime which by routes various the understand This allowed online. and phone the over example, – for being crimes were sure make to route each audit to them for systems good had also force Each properly. recorded example, reportscrime – for high-risk recent reviewing offences violence and sexual rape, abuse, domestic been created. had records correct the sure make – to Next steps crime auditing Commission stopped When Audit the Quality assurance and audits better to carried exercise had a mapping out force Each showed a gradual decline in crime recording accuracy. accuracy. recording crime in decline a gradual showed implemented we since reversed only has This decline programme. CDI the in finish to scheduled is programme CDI The current integrated become part then the will It of 2020. spring such areas other informing assessment process, PEEL and vulnerable the protecting crime, investigating as managing demand. reports. Each force hadEach good force systems for reviewing recent high-risk crime 122 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 123 © Hampshire Police ©

preventing crime and tackling anti-social behaviour; anti-social tackling and crime preventing crime and reducing reoffending; investigating vulnerable people; protecting and crime; organised and serious tackling capabilities. specialist its – – – – – This is the first time we have inspected BTP’s effectiveness effectiveness BTP’s inspected have we time first the This is force the that found We methodology. PEEL the using Office Home best-performing the with favourably compares crime. reducing and people safe keeping at forces We focused on how effective the force is in five areas: five in is force the effective how on focused We – – – – – Our findings of British Transport Police (BTP). We used the methodology methodology the used We (BTP). Police Transport British of effectiveness, (police PEEL 2016 spring our in out set programme. inspection all-force efficiency legitimacy) and report our and 2017, in December place took The fieldwork 2018. July in published was Home inspecting for do we as same criteria the used We different a has BTP of type Although Officeforces. police principles of the network, rail on the focused jurisdiction, same. the are crime reducing and people safe keeping of non-Homeof Office forces Police Transport British State Parliamentary Secretary Under the of 2016, October In effectiveness the inspect to us commissioned Transport for Inspections Inspections anti-social behaviour. anti-social BTP has an effective has an effective BTP approach preventing to and reducing crime 124 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 125

Proportion of crimes where action was taken, offence by group, months 30 to September12 2018 sure it collects good evidence. evidence. good collects it sure Figure 6: keep victims regularly updated. The force attends incidents incidents attends The force updated. regularly victims keep make scene to the at action immediate and takes promptly Investigating crime andInvestigating reducing reoffending investigators and standard a high to investigated Crimes are all its officers and relevant staff. This would improve the the improve would This staff. officersrelevant its all and organisation. whole the across prevention crime of standard and staff. It uses this feedback to prioritise its services. its prioritise to feedback uses this It staff. and for solving problem in training give needs to BTP However, The force uses innovative methods to communicate with with communicate to methods usesThe innovative force users rail both from feedback get to and public travelling the communities: the people who use and work on the people on the who and use work the communities: rail network. BTP has an effective approach to preventing crime crime preventing to approach an effective has BTP its understands It behaviour. anti-social reducing and Preventing crime and tackling anti-social behaviour Preventing

it is doing to disrupt organised crime groups. This will help help This will groups. crime organised disrupt to doing is it organised and serious affects work its assess how better it term. long the in crime BTP has adopted a new approach to serious and organised organised and serious to approach a new adopted has BTP identifying, for processes effective has already It crime. assessing on organised criminal and action prioritising capabilities specialist the access to ready has It groups. And it crime. organised and serious tackle needsit to to threat the understand to effectively uses intelligence organised from public travelling industry the and rail the crime groups. what records it how improve needs to force the However, or because they have been subjected to repeated offences repeated to been subjected have they because or abuse. of risk high at are or its of understanding good anexceptionally has The force health mental identifying in supporting people with and role 2016/17, In prevention. particularly and suicide in conditions, life-saving 1,837 made it organisations, other with together mental peoplein help to network rail the on interventions crisis. health serious and organised crime Tackling in cases of domestic abuse. But it needs to improve improve needs But it to abuse. domestic casesin of on taken supervisors action have what records it how detectives enough recruit needs to also It investigations. workloads. their can manage investigators sure make to Protecting vulnerable people protecting to approach effective a highly has The force officersstaff and Its network. rail the people on vulnerable protect industry to rail the and organisations other with work disability, or age their of because vulnerable are people who The force is good at continuing to investigate crimes even crimes even investigate to continuing at good is The force support particularly police action, doesn’t when victim the people on rail the people network. The force has a highly has a highly The force toapproach effective vulnerableprotecting 126 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 127 BTP has adopted a new a new has adopted BTP approach serious to and organised crime. © British Transport Police facing the whole of London. whole of the facing consider working with the MPS and City of London Police Police London City and MPS of the with working consider armed police. by need a response that assess threats to threats the on focus to forces three all allow This would BTP has met its commitment to increase its armed officersits increase to commitment its met has BTP armed increasing through part-way also is It London. in should force The Birmingham. and officersin Manchester the threats set out in the SPR. SPR. the in out set threats the The force carries out regular exercises with the rail industry, industry, rail the with carries exercises regular out The force the and forces police other Transport, Departmentthe for to respond ability to its test to it These allow armed forces. accountability for each threat area. area. threat each for accountability initial response to an attack that needs armed officers. that an attack to response initial six threats all of assessments carried has thorough It out clear with (SPR), requirement policing strategic the in BTP has arrangements in place to meet its national national its meet to place in arrangements has BTP an make to prepared well is It responsibilities. policing Specialist capabilities are 22

relies on the co-operation of the the of co-operation the on relies 21 allocates tasks, to both its own officers and other bodies. bodies. other officers own and its both to tasks, allocates this. doesit effectively efficiently and assessed how We co-ordination and tasking national NCA’s assessed the We groups governance strategic its how and procedure, and tasking national its how considered also We organised. priorities. policing national in with links work co-ordination co-ordination and governance and co-ordination supporting and leading, for responsible is The NCA the across crime organised against fight the co-ordinating tasking national its but officers, own its of 4,200 has UK. It work and co-ordination bodies. enforcement law police and other lead, to responsibility NCA’s the considered Our inspection enforcement law national support the and co-ordinate The NCA crime. organised and serious to approach National Crime Agency tasking, tasking, Agency Crime National © National Crime Agency 128 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 129

We found that the that found We national NCA’s were arrangements effective generally and efficient.

better representation by forces at meetings; and and meetings; at forces by representation better effectively. more and threats prioritising evaluating improving how intelligence is gathered from forces and and forces from gathered is intelligence how improving regional organised crime units; the oversight arrangements for the strategic strategic the for arrangements oversight the groups. governance how national threats are prioritised; are threats national how response the of nature the about a consensus achieving threats; specific to and strategy; control national the of relevance the – – – – – – – – – – They include: include: They These are mostly directed at the NCA, but some need some but NCA, the at directed mostly These are bodies. enforcement law and other police the from action and organised crime. and organised crime. improvement. for recommendations 11 made have We We concluded that the NCA has effective and efficient and effective has NCA the that concluded We serious combating in support role its to place in processes Our recommendations – – – work needs to be done on: be done needs to work – group’s priorities and is using them to guide the approach approach the guide to them using is and priorities group’s But more bodies. enforcement law other and police the of NCA representatives and other interested parties. interested other and representatives NCA the adopted has NCA the see that to reassured were We The National Strategic Tasking and Co-ordination Group Group Co-ordination and Tasking Strategic The National This group threats. priority the national-level sets of (NSTCG) senior plus chiefs, police all involves and NCA the led by is in its understanding of the threats it is responsible for. for. responsible is it threats the of understanding its in We found that the NCA’s national arrangements were were arrangements national NCA’s the that found We gaps still are there But efficient. and effective generally Our findings

and has an adverse effect recovery. asset on an adverse has and to cross-border crime. The Agency works with colleagues colleagues with works The Agency crime. cross-border to intelligence exchanges and France, UK and the Jersey, in with them. reports activity has suspicious of number the 2012, Since about information valuable providing deal, a great increased laundering money The number of criminality. potential officers BLE carry that increased. has also out investigations in delays hear long about concerned to were But we investigators, financial This orders. frustrates obtaining can progress investigations which at rate the limits seriously The force’s leaders want to meet public expectations expectations public meet to leaders want The force’s more public the involve could But BLE so. do largely and a police receive incidents Most priorities. its setting in police most that investigated crimes and are response to minor see too as would Wales and England in forces up. follow scheduled for arrivals controls immigration that found We Guernsey of examples several found We robust. were relating carrying investigations Agency Border complex out Our findings Affairs Home for Committee Among and BLE personnel, the governance about frustration deal of a great found we the that felt to spoke people we Many arrangements. should. they as well as functioning weren’t arrangements ICT very with some shortcomings serious found We access have officers BLE don’t example, For systems. Database. National Police the to In 2017, the Bailiwick of Guernsey's Committee for for Committee Guernsey's of Bailiwick the 2017, In border and policing inspect to us AffairsHome invited closely two by provided These are arrangements. control as Bailiwick known collectively organisations, connected (BLE). Law Enforcement the and operations BLE’s of aspects most examined We they which in context social and political governmental, place. take Bailiwick of Guernsey We found some very very some found We shortcomings serious ICTwith systems. 130 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 131

covering Home Affairs Home servicescovering a whole. as inadequate. At the time of our inspection, BLE didn’t have have didn’t BLE inspection, our of time the At inadequate. nor was there an strategy estates an strategy, estates victim care. victim were buildings police that feeling a widespread found We we examined had been investigated effectively. In almost almost In effectively. been investigated had examined we supervision effective good and of evidence found we all, We found that BLE used more than one definition of of definition one than more used BLE that found We consistently vulnerable so people weren’t vulnerability, cases unit protection public the of most But identified. Number of suspicious activity reports and number of money 2010–2017 Guernsey, of Bailiwick investigations, laundering Figure 7: Figure 7:

improve how it investigates financial crimes and crimes and financial investigates it how improve victims; cares for and structure; its changes to review complete staff vetting. – – – Finally, we recommended that the complaints procedure procedure complaints the that recommended we Finally, to available be made should Agency Border Guernsey for public. the – – – Affairs Home for Committee the that recommended also We and BLE, of priorities and objectives the publish should those as well as responsibilities clarifiesits that a document enforcement. law of head the of Our recommendations should: force the that recommended We © Nottinghamshire Police Nottinghamshire © investigated effectively. investigated Most of the public public the Most of unit cases protection been had examined we 132 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 133 We inspect the We and independence of effectiveness carried investigations Navy Royal the out by Police (RNP).

using documents and input from regional crime and and crime regional from input and documents using start a PPI. the of before managers intelligence circulating annual reports of self-inspections to to self-inspections reports annual of circulating senior officers; and process; PPI the in staff wellbeing including – – – – – – We didn’t make any recommendations as a result of our our of a result as recommendations any make didn’t We improvement. for areas several find did But we inspection. These included: Areasimprovement for The PPI process includes checks on progress the units units the progress on checks includes process The PPI learned Lessons inspections. previous since made have RNP. the throughout publicised are practice good and to help make sure findings are consistent. are findings sure make help to The scope of the PPI process is appropriate and covers covers and appropriate is process PPI the The of scope being The units carries RNP the out. duties of range full the moderated are The inspections process. the value inspected relevant standards. relevant Our findings officers senior gives process PPI the that found We the meet activities force’s the enough assurance that performance in line with various professional standards. standards. performance professional various with line in investigations carried out by the Royal Navy Police (RNP). (RNP). Navy Police Royal the carried by out investigations performance policing RNP’s the inspected we April 2018, In oversee to uses PPIs Theforce process. (PPI) inspection Royal Navy Police Navy Royal of independence effectiveness and the inspect We

all objectives; all objectives; crimeimproving integrity; data and analyst; an appointing evaluations. technical developing having, and using, performance measures for performance for measures using, and having, – – – – – – – performance measures. RAFP improved the has 2016, in inspection last our Since and supports crime. it of monitors victims how Areas improvement for our of a result as recommendations any make didn’t We improvement. for areas several find did But we inspection. These included: – The force has set up meetings to monitor and oversee its its oversee and monitor to meetings up set has The force performance of a in aspects all cover doesn’t it but work, by impressed were we said, That meetings. series of single map demand to RAFP meetings the uses these way the resources. available against quality assurance evaluation technical The force’s performance part this an effective of forms programme lack RAFP’s the that found But we regime. management advanced more using from it stop IT poor and analysts of We inspect the independence and effectiveness of of independence effectiveness and the inspect We Police Air Force Royal the carried by out investigations RAFP the effectively how inspected we 2018, May In (RAFP). performance manages investigations. in Our findings and priorities set to The place RAFP in processes good has way the improve needs to force But the resources. manage objectives. its it reports activity against its Royal Air Force Police Police Force Air Royal

manage resources. The RAFP has good processes in place setto priorities and 134 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 135 © istock ©

justice system. justice system. Figure 8: Rape dashboard Group Monitoring HMICFRS interactive arrests made, prosecutions brought and successful successful and brought prosecutions made, arrests those want We force. each for data) other (and convictions supporting victims and rape preventing in involved are who improvements what understand better to data this use to local areas. their within on focus should they to dashboard interactive a new introduced we 2018, May In 70 of PDFs the replaced This 8). figure (see data this show a for allows It then. until up used had we that more or pages criminal the across dealt with is rape how of analysis better Rape monitoring profiles Rape monitoring a multi-agency is (RMG) Group The Rape Monitoring promote to established Wales, and England in group the all across rape to response the in improvements system. justice criminal the up make that agencies the on rape on data system justice criminal publish We rapes reported, of number the This shows behalf. group’s Other work 136 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 137

In May 2018, we we 2018, In May our standard updated methodology inspections. joint for

Operation Lynemouth had clear governance arrangements arrangements governance clear had Lynemouth Operation than longer took it but progress, good made and practice for the future. We published our fourth and final final fourth and our published We future. the for practice report2019. March in operation. We were to publish interim reports of our findings findings our reports of interim publish to were We operation. report a final and identifying learned lessons best and Our findings carry the of to quarterly out inspections asked were We 2017, the MPS set up Operation Lynemouth to review and and review to Lynemouth Operation up set MPS the 2017, allegations. reassess the However, there were concerns when there were no criminal criminal no were concerns when there were there However, in a result, As investigations. MPS initial after convictions the elections of both the mayor and the councillors for the the for councillors and the mayor the both of elections the Hamlets. Tower of wards 20 The MPS investigated these allegations both at the time and and time the at both allegations these investigated The MPS after result an court election election declared the that ruling during practices corrupt The court were there void. found London Borough of Tower Hamlets. Tower of Borough London and Crime asked us to inspect Operation Lynemouth. This is This is Lynemouth. Operation inspect to us asked Crime and alleged into operation Service Police (MPS) a Metropolitan the in election mayoral 2014 offences the criminal during On 21 March 2017, the Mayor of London’s Office for Policing OfficePolicing for London’s of Mayor the 2017, March On 21 more clearly and concisely, and to reflect current practice. current reflect and to clearlymore and concisely, Lynemouth Operation we do so as effectively and efficiently as possible. possible. as efficiently and effectively as so do we information the provide to methodology the updated We the organisations we inspect a clear idea of how we plan plan we how a clear idea of inspect we organisations the sure make to aims and carryand inspections, these out The methodology sets out a consistent approach approach a consistent out sets The methodology gives It inspections. thematic joint justice criminal for In May 2018, we updated our standard methodology methodology standard our updated we 2018, May In inspections. joint for Joint inspection standard methodology © istock © parties; chief officers should have explained better why why better explained officershave chief should parties; investigations came to nothing. and systems its improve to much done has The MPS report our in seven highlight But we 2014. since processes to relate They future. in consider to force the for areas resources leadership, prioritisation, (including training), and keeping record communication, consistency, legal decisions. approach. They identified lines of enquiry that could still be be still of could enquirythat lines identified They approach. carry to an out agreed has Police London City of explored. MPS. the behalf on of investigation criminal independent MPS the if been avoided have could operation But the investigation and subsequent election the treated had corporate of a lack was There time. a priorityas the at enough weren’t there and training, and responsibility also were There investigation. original the for resources interested and engagement with communication of failures the MPS had first thought it would. The operation’s operation’s The would. it thought first had MPS the a thorough and adopted painstakinginvestigators

painstaking approach. The operation’s adoptedinvestigators and thorough a 138 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 139 In 2018, we produced produced In we 2018, reports on seven funding for applications from eight forces.

other forces for help, which is a more expensive option than than option expensive a more is which help, for forces other resources. own its of best use making the also concerned that they might not look for the most most the for look not might they concernedalso that won’t they that confident are they if options cost-effective on call might a force example, For costs. the meet need to events. There is a risk that forces could become reliant become reliant could forces that a risk is There events. are We support work. police normal to specialon grants We have noticed an increase in applications that cover cover that applications in an increase noticed have We pre-planned smaller routine and of more a combination and exceptional unexpected than rather operations, policing Hillsborough inquiry. Hillsborough inquiry. police operations. They involved major or critical incidents incidents critical or major involved They operations. police firearms, of use criminal the as such offences, serious and the and nerve-agent poisonings exploitation, sexual child In 2018, we produced seven reports on applications for reports for seven produced on applications we 2018, In 26 to related The applications forces. eight from funding then make the final decisions final decisions about funding. the make then Special grants 2018 in work the aims of the operation or investigation and the risks risks the and investigation or operation the of aims the based but, published, Our reports aren’t it. with associated onHome our findings, Office who officials advise ministers, We are normally asked to consider whether the resources resources the whether consider to asked normally are We to reasonable and used proportionate were force the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994, section 170. section 1994, Act Order Public and Justice Criminal review. to us to applications The Office Home refer may Office for special grant funding under the Police Act 1996, 1996, Act Police the under Office funding specialgrant for the or 31; section 2003, Act Government Local the 48; section of a special grant might threaten the financial stability of the of stability financial the threaten might a special grant of cases, these In policing. effective provide ability to its or force Home the and crimepolice commissioners can apply to of the force’s net-revenue grant from the Home Office. Home the from grant net-revenue force’s the of refusal the cases where The Office Home mention also criteria The threshold for an application for a special grant is normally is a special grant for an application for The threshold 1 percent than more is expenditure extraordinary the where policing and budget plans to allow for unexpected events events unexpected for allow to plans budget and policing that events be exceptional may But there areas. their in generate unforeseen pressure. Special grants Special their in contingencies reasonable include should Forces the media. But they said there was a risk of accidental accidental of a risk was said there But they media. the several media piecing together the through disclosure media social of The growth information. pieces of individual risk. this increases We conducted a review of the evidence and data in the the in data and evidence the of a review conducted We to spoke we evidence, more collect To domain. public who including data those oversee organisations, other the against and complaints management and protection parliamentary of commissioned also reviews We police. names release to decisions of coverage media and debates charged. people are before seen little had said they to spoke we The organisations to leaked systematically being information of evidence past expressed concern about some occasions when police when police occasions concern some about expressed past released names. have forces findings and initial Our review to carryThe Office Home us targeted out a short, asked media, and the police between the on relations review carried some out We anonymity. pre-charge on focusing help and situation current the understand to research initial work. inspection future any direct The College of Policing has published authorised authorised published has Policing The of College on engagement and (APP) practice professional says It media. the and police the between communication or arrested, name those shouldn’t police forces that circumstances unless exceptional in a crime, of suspected so. doing in purpose” policing legitimate “a is there where the where is purpose policing a legitimate of An example who someone about warning a public make need to police the in have others and parliamentarians However, wanted. is Police relations with the media the with relations Police

to the media.to of information being being information of systematically leaked The organisations we we organisations The had they said to spoke little evidence seen 140 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 141 © Hampshire Constabulary© with the inspection. the with It is now for the Home Office to decide whether to proceed proceed to Office Home to decide whether the for now is It The methodology we have developed would need fieldwork need fieldwork would developed have we The methodology a data and review a document forces, ten six to in exercise. gathering consider the wider context. the consider person is charged is not the only point in the criminal justice justice criminal the in point only the not is charged person is when anonymity their could be compromised. system would and this reflects approach Our recommended fulfillingtheir purpose. intended a before time the that research our through found We complying with the APP. The inspection would also explore explore also would The inspection APP. the with complying are APP the within, guidance and of, scope the whether Our initial research proposes a more in-depth thematic thematic in-depth a more Our proposes research initial are forces which to extent the gauge designed to inspection Next steps Missing People Missing Pathway Project Project Inclusion Valley Tees Sisters Black Southall Suzy Lamplugh Trust Aid Women’s Welsh Women’s Aid Advocacy After Fatal Domestic Abuse Domestic Fatal After Advocacy Justice Women’s for Centre Commissioner England for Children’s Criminal Justice Alliance Matters Faith Galop Hestia Liberty Action on Elder Abuse on Elder Action – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – The system isn’t designed for individual complaints. complaints. individual designed for isn’t The system systems, complaints police existing replace doesn’t It those from complaints escalate to a way it is nor issues of systemic on focus instead will It systems. be not which may significance, regional or national local, addressed elsewhere. a Secretary Home can make the by Only designated bodies designated: were bodies 16 2018, June In super-complaint. – The new police super-complaints system went live on on live went system super-complaints police The new 2018. 1 November Policing the in out set is system new the for The framework Act Reform Police amends the which 2017, Act Crime and combination or feature, “a that complaints considers It 2002. or one by Wales and England in policing of features, of significantly be, appears or to is, force police one than more public”. the of interests the harming Super-complaints

on 1 November 2018. on 1 November The new police super-complaints system went live 142 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 143

We receivedWe the first-ever onsuper-complaint 2018. 18 December

© Durham Constabulary Durham © the British Transport Police. Police. Transport British the England and Wales; England and Wales; Agency; Crime National the Police; Defence Ministry of the Civil Nuclear Constabulary;the and any one or more of the 43 police forces in in forces police 43 the of more or one any – – – – – – – – – – Super-complaints can be made about: can be made Super-complaints Office for Police Conduct (IOPC), which together decide decide together which (IOPC), Conduct OfficePolice for the of happen a result as needs to anything) (if what super-complaint. Chief Inspector of Constabulary. They are considered by by considered are They Constabulary. of Inspector Chief Independent the and Policing of College the HMICFRS, Super-complaints must be made in writing to Her Majesty’s Her Majesty’s to writing in made be must Super-complaints carrying out detailed work to design processes and and design processes carrying to work detailed out and system; new the for arrangements governance investigation. super-complaint running a pilot recruiting and establishing a new super-complaints team; team; super-complaints a new establishing and recruiting GOV.UK; on page a super-complaints up setting bodies; designated the for event a briefing holding potential discuss bodies to designated with meeting super-complaints; identifyingparties; and briefinginterested – – – – – – – – – HMICFRS, the College of Policing and the IOPC to set up up set to IOPC the and Policing of College the HMICFRS, This included: system. new the – – – – – Setting up the super-complaints system Setting up super-complaints the between work joint seen has considerable year The past © Greater Manchester Police Manchester Greater © 144 STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS STATE OF POLICING PART 2: OUR INSPECTIONS 145

23 super-complaints on GOV.UK. super-complaints We publish up-to-date information about police about police information up-to-date publish We This super-complaint was assessed as being eligible for for assessed eligible being as was This super-complaint the College senior officialsat HMICFRS, by investigation IOPC. and the Policing of We received the third super-complaint on 25 March 2019. 2019. March 25 on super-complaint third the received We treat police how on focuses and Hestia came from It modern survivors and trafficking. slavery and of victims HMICFRS, the College of Policing and the IOPC. and the Policing College of the HMICFRS, orders; and their use of domestic violence protection notices notices violence domestic and use of protection their orders; was super-complaint This orders. restraining and orders, and at officials senior by investigation for assessed eligible being as women and girls. They are concerned about the police’s use police’s concerned the about are They girls. and women non-molestation of breach of treatment their conditions; bail of We received the second super-complaint on 19 March 2019. 2019. March 19 on super-complaint second the received We about is and Justice Women’s for Centre the came from It violence against cases in of measures protective of use police at HMICFRS, the College of Policing and the IOPC. the and Policing of College the HMICFRS, at focuses on the practice of passing people’s data to the Home the to data people’s passing of practice the on focuses was super-complaint This Office enforcement. immigration for senior officials by assessed as investigation being eligible for It is about the policies and practices of all police forces in forces police all of practices and policies the about is It and crime of victims treat they how in Wales and England it particular, In status. immigration insecure witnesses with Black Sisters. We received the first-ever super-complaint on 18 December on super-complaint first-ever the received We Liberty by jointly Southall and made was It 2018. Super-complaints we have received so far so received have we Super-complaints © Norfolk Constabulary 146 Part 3: Our reports Our 3: Part

147

© City of London Police London City of © Except where national security considerations precluded it, it, precluded security national considerations where Except on website. our published then were these Between 1 April 2018 and 2 May 2019, we published published we 2019, and 2 May 2018 1 April Between on our website. available all are which reports, 224 Office Home 43 the forces, with work our as well As carried various out we inspectorates, other the and duties part These statutory are our of inspections. other Office certainand forces non-Home inspect police to reports our gave We agencies. enforcement law other State. of Secretaries relevant the to inspections these for Our reports 224 reports published 148 STATE OF POLICING PART 3: OUR REPORTS STATE OF POLICING PART 3: OUR REPORTS 149 the name(s) of Her Majesty’s Inspector(s) (HMI) responsible responsible (HMI) Inspector(s) Her Majesty’s of name(s) the inspection. the for a short description of the inspection’s focus; inspection’s the of a short description a joint was it if inspectorates, other the names of the inspection; and date; publication the – – – – – – – – Over the next few pages, we have listed our reports, reports, our listed have we pages, next few the Over with: along

We assessed 14 forces. assessed 14 We Matt Parr HMI: Lead Police Effectiveness,Police Efficiency Legitimacy and 2018/19 integrated of group The first assessment PEEL combining the inspections, efficiencyeffectiveness, and PEEL of areas legitimacy inspection. a single into

Published: 2 May 2019

A review of forces’ forces’ of A review and misconduct complaints letters We wrote case files. out setting forces three to ourfindings. Matt Parr/ HMI: Lead WilliamsWendy An inspection of the the of An inspection British effectiveness of Police. Transport Matt Parr HMI: Lead and Complaints File Misconduct Review 2018 PEEL: Police Police PEEL: Effectiveness 2017: An British Inspection of Police Transport

25 January 25 2019 Published: 2018 Published: 6 July PEEL inspectionsPEEL 1 April 2018 to 2 May 2019 2 May to 2018 1 April Reports published Reports published 150 STATE OF POLICING PART 3: OUR REPORTS STATE OF POLICING PART 3: OUR REPORTS 151

Lead HMI: Wendy Williams Wendy Lead HMI: home, care or education care or education home, includingin Dorset, responses on a focus vulnerable children to situations. these to Williams Wendy Lead HMI: Area Targeted Joint Inspection the Multi- of Response Agency Domesticto Abuse in Medway the of An inspection to response multi-agency abusedomestic in Medway, including on a focus living children to responses abuse. domestic with Joint Targeted Area Targeted Joint Inspection the Multi- of Response to Agency Exploitation, Sexual Child Children Associated with Gangs and Risk at of Exploitation and Children Care fromMissing Home, Dorset in Education or multi- the of An inspection child to response agency children exploitation, sexual gangs with associated exploitation, of risk at and and missing children from

Published: 3 August 2018 Published: 9 July 2018

response to older older to response are who children neglect. experiencing Williams Wendy Lead HMI: domestic abuse. domestic Williams Wendy Lead HMI: Neglected: Up Growing Response A Multi-Agency Olderto Children six joint An of overview inspections area targeted multi-agency the of Joint Targeted Area Targeted Joint Inspections the of Multi-Agency Response Abuse andto Neglect multi- the of Inspections abuse to response agency local three neglectand in authority including areas, to responses on a focus been have who children with or live neglected National Child Inspections Protection Inspections, re-visit post- and inspections how of reviews inspection children. police protect the forces. assessed 13 We Williams Wendy Lead HMI:

2018 Published: 6 July 2018 – 2018 August24 2018 Published: 9 May 5 April – 2018 April 11 2019 Published: Child protection inspections protection Child

Inspections of Youth Inspections Youth of Offending Services Inspections youth of offending services (YOSs). in YOSs inspected We areas. force three Williams Wendy Lead HMI: Protecting Children from from Children Protecting Criminal Exploitation and Modern Slavery: An Addendum three An of overview area targeted joint multi- the of inspections child to response agency and children exploitation home, missing from care or education. Williams Wendy Lead HMI:

Published: December20 – 2018 April25 2019 Published: November 14 2018

response to sexual abuse abuse sexual to response in family the environment. Williams Wendy Lead HMI: Joint Targeted Area Targeted Joint Inspection the Multi- of Response to Agency Abuse Sexual in the Family multi- the of Inspections sexual to response agency in family the in abuse authoritylocal areas, five on the a focus including

2018 – 2018 8 March 2019 Published: 9 November 152 STATE OF POLICING PART 3: OUR REPORTS STATE OF POLICING PART 3: OUR REPORTS 153

Response to Serious Response to and Organised Crime the of An inspection Agency’s Crime National and tasking national and process, co-ordination arrangements related the the strategic of groups. governance Matt Parr HMI: Lead Understanding the Difference: The Initial Response Police Crime Hate to how of An inspection police the effectively respond and record identify, crime. hate reports of to Williams Wendy Lead HMI: Operation Lynemouth: Operation Lynemouth: Fourth and Interim ReportsFinal Inspections the of Police Metropolitan of re-investigation Service’s electoral fraud 2014 Hamlets. Tower in Matt Parr HMI: Lead National Crime Agency Inspection: National Co-ordination Tasking, the of and Governance

Published: July 12 2018 Published: July 19 2018 Published: June 14 – 2018 March 12 2019

custody suites to assess to suites custody being people are whether treated and safely detained inspected We respectfully. areas. force nine Williams Wendy Lead HMI: Unannounced Unannounced Police Inspections of Custody Suites Inspections police of Counter- Policing: Terrorism An Inspection Counter- Police of Commanders Terrorism role the of An inspection counter- and of training commanders. terrorism Matt Parr HMI: Lead Crime Data Integrity Inspections Inspections forces’ of progress against we recommendations crime 2014 our in made data integrity inspections. forces. 19 inspected We Matt Parr HMI: Lead

2019 Published: 1 June – 2018 March26 2018 Published: April 11 10 April10 – 2018 7 March 2019 Published: Specialist inspectionsSpecialist

to andto protecting abusedomestic victims 2015 2014, our since domestic and 2017 abuse inspections. Billingham Zoë Lead HMI: of Searchof Application Orderand Production AnProcesses: Inspection the Promisedof from the Improvements National Crime Agency’s 2015 in Warrant Review assess to An inspection National the effectively how deals with Agency Crime search to applications premises and obtain orders. production Matt Parr HMI: Lead Response The Police Domesticto Abuse: ReportAn Update forces’ of An inspection responding in progress An Inspection Navy the Royal of Performance Police’s Inspection Process Royal the of An inspection policing Navy Police’s performance inspections Special headquarters, its of Branch, shore Investigation ship- and establishments based units. Matt Parr HMI: Lead A Joint Inspection

2019 Published: January24 2019 Published: February26 Published: December17 2018

Policing and Mental Policing Health: Picking Up the Pieces how of An inspection police the effectively and supportrespond to mental people with health problems. Billingham Zoë Lead HMI: An inspection of the the of An inspection Guernsey’s of Bailiwick andpolicing border arrangements. control Matt Parr HMI: Lead Lead HMI: Wendy Williams Wendy Lead HMI: Bailiwick of Guernsey Enforcement: Law An the Inspection of Capability and Capacity and Guernsey Police of Agency Border Guernsey Joint Inspection of Cases of Handling the DisabilityInvolving Crime Hate how of An inspection and police the effectively Service Prosecution Crown handle disability hate cases. crime

Published: November27 2018 2 November 2018 Published: Published: 9 October 2018 154 STATE OF POLICING PART 3: OUR REPORTS STATE OF POLICING PART 3: OUR REPORTS 155

Living in Fear. Living by the Police and Crime Police the by and an Commissioner, on NationalUpdate in Recommendations Report 2017 HMICFRS’s Sussex of An inspection to response Police’s stalking and harassment, on national and an update our with line in progress the in recommendations report 2017 Williams Wendy Lead HMI: Gangmasters and Labour Abuse Authority Inspection the of An inspection Labour and Gangmasters use Abuse Authority’s of investigative powers. Matt Parr HMI: Lead Harassment: and Stalking An Sussex Inspection of Commissioned Police

Published: April10 2019 Published: 4 April 2019

Fraud: Time to choose choose to Time Fraud: – An the Inspection of Fraud Response to Police police the of An inspection andstrategy approach tacklingto and fraud, the victims. to response Matt Parr HMI: Lead An Inspection of Air Force Royal the Performance Police’s Process Management the of An inspection Police’s Air Force Royal management performance investigations. process for Dru Sharpling HMI: Lead

2 April 2019 Published: Published: 7 March 2019

Sir Thomas Winsor Sir InspectionPolicing Programme and Framework 2018/19 Chief Her Majesty’s Inspector Constabulary’s of inspection 2018/19 programme and framework, underprepared Schedule 1996. Act Police the to 4A Lead HMI: Thomas Winsor Sir State of Policing – Policing of State The Annual Assessment England and in Policing of 2018 Wales A report inspections our on section under prepared 1996, Act Police the of 54 Her Majesty’s including of Inspector Chief assessment Constabulary’s efficiency and the of in policing effectiveness of 2017. England for and Wales Lead HMI:

Published: July 12 2018 Published: June 12 2018

dashboard showing how how showing dashboard locally dealt with is rape the of stage each at criminal justice system. includes The dashboard English 43 the from data and forces Welsh and Police. Transport British Williams Wendy Lead HMI: All HMIs Rape Monitoring Group Digests data An interactive HMIs’ Force AssessmentsForce HMIs’ assessments Our overall drawing forces, 43 of one, each for together, assessments, PEEL our the insights, other operating context and HMIs’ expectations. future

Published: May 24 2018 Published: April 11 2018 Non-inspection publications 156 STATE OF POLICING PART 3: OUR REPORTS STATE OF POLICING PART 3: OUR REPORTS 157

Public Perceptions Perceptions Public England in Policing of 2018 and Wales BMG the of Results survey we Research commissioned of views public’s the experiences and local policing. of Matt Parr HMI: Lead

Published: January10 2019

England and Wales force, England force, and Wales givinga comparative analysis policing of and highlighting activities differences in expenditure and performance. Matt Parr HMI: Lead This report summarises researchthe findings. Williams Wendy Lead HMI: for Value HMICFRS 2018 Profiles Money of each profiles Full Hate Crime: What What Crime: Hate Us? Do Victims Tell – A Summary of Independent Research Experiencesinto Hate of Crime Victims carried project, A research our on NatCen by out experiences the into behalf, victims. crime hate of

Published: October26 2018 Published: October16 2018 . https:// , Sir , Sir , HM Chief , HM Chief , Ministry of Justice, Justice, , Ministry of www.justiceinspectorates. www.thegazette.co.uk/ . https://sammywoodhouse.com/ , 19 July 2018, page 12840–12842. 12840–12842. page 2018, July , 19 Section 45 of the Modern Slavery Act the of 45 Section Available at: at: Available gov.uk/hmiprisons/wp-content/uploads/ sites/4/2018/07/6.5053_HMI-Prisons_ AR-2017-18_revised_web.pdf 2015 provides, under particular conditions, particular under conditions, provides, 2015 trafficking slavery or victims for a defence certain commit who 4 Schedule offences. the which offences for lists Act the to apply. does not defence campaigns England Statistics, in Custody Safety Custody in Prison Deaths Wales: and Self-harm and Assaults 2019; March to Decemberto 2018 at: Available 1. page April 2019, 25 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/ government/uploads/system/uploads/ attachment_data/file/797074/safety- custody-bulletin-q4-2018.pdf ReportAnnual 2017–18 and England for Prisons of Inspector 8. page HC1245, 2018, July 11 Wales, London Gazette Number 62357 Gazette Number 62357 London Gallantry 1 Civilian List No. Supplement 2018 at: Available London/issue/62357/supplement/12840 Inquiry Lawrence Stephen The February Cluny, of Macpherson William at: Available 4262-I. Cm 1999, assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/ government/uploads/system/uploads/ attachment_data/file/277111/4262.pdf 3 4 See: 5 6 Part 1 1 2 www.gov.uk/

Definition of policing by consent by consent policing of Definition 2012. Available at: at: Available 2012. government/publications/policing- by-consent/definition-of-policing-by- consent. [Freedom of Information Act 2000 Act Information of [Freedom 10 December Office, Home release],

1 Foreword References 158 STATE OF POLICING PART 3: OUR REPORTS STATE OF POLICING PART 3: OUR REPORTS 159 , HMICFRS, , HMICFRS, , HMICFRS, , HMICFRS, , Office for , Public , Public www.ons.gov.uk/ , HMIC, 2014. Available at: at: Available 2014. , HMIC, Crime and Disorder Act 1998. Act Disorder and Crime www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/ hmicfrs/wp-content/uploads/the-police- response-to-domestic-abuse-an- update-report.pdf www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/ hmicfrs/publications/public-perceptions- of-policing-in-england-and-wales-2018 ReportAnnual 2017–18 Cyhoeddus lechyd Wales, Health at: Available 13. page 2018, Cymru, http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sitesplus/ documents/888/Annual%20Report%20 2017_18_V1%20ENGLISH.pdf Improving business: Everyone’s domestic to response police the abuse www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/ hmicfrs/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ improving-the-police-response-to- domestic-abuse.pdf domestic to response police The report An update abuse: at: Available February 2019. Crime in England and Wales: year year Wales: and in England Crime Decemberending 2018 April 2019. 25 Statistics, National at: Available peoplepopulationandcommunity/ crimeandjustice/bulletins/ crimeinenglandandwales/ yearendingdecember2018 in Policing of Perceptions Public 2018 Wales and England at: Available January 2019.

13 14 15 16 11 12 , , Ministry , Office www.ons.gov.uk/ www.ons.gov.uk/ https://assets.publishing. www.nao.org.uk/wp-cont www.nao.org.uk/wp-cont , National Audit Office, HC 1986, 1986, Office,HC Audit , National violentcrimeinenglandandwales/ yearendingmarch2018 The nature of violent crime in England in England crime violent of nature The 2018 March ending year Wales: and February 7 Statistics, Office National for at: Available 2019. peoplepopulationandcommunity/ crimeandjustice/articles/thenatureof 2019. Available at: at: Available 2019. peoplepopulationandcommunity/ crimeandjustice/articles/ homicideinenglandandwales/ yearendingmarch2018 ent/uploads/2019/02/Transforming-Rehab ent/uploads/2019/02/Transforming-Rehab ilitation-Progress-review-Summary.pdf Wales: and in England Homicide 2018 March ending year 7 February Statistics, National for quarterly-december-2018.pdf Progress Rehabilitation: Transforming review 2019. 1 March Session 2017–2019, at: Available of Justice, 16 May 2019, page 1. 1. page 2019, May 16 Justice, of at: Available service.gov.uk/government/uploads/ system/uploads/attachment_data/ file/802032/criminal-justice-statistics- Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly, quarterly, Statistics Justice Criminal ending year Wales, and England (annual) December 2018

10 9 8 7

https://assets. , Office Office , , Office for www.ons.gov.uk/ , HM Treasury, 2 May 2 May Treasury, , HM www.ons.gov.uk/ http://www.preventknifecrime.co. Throughout 2018, and into 2019, the the 2019, into and 2018, Throughout UK threat level has been at ‘severe’, ‘severe’, been has at level UK threat See: likely. highly is an attack meaning www.mi5.gov.uk/international-terrorism annualmidyearpopulationestimates/latest billion. £794.9 to amounted 2017/18 Spending Public Bulletin: Statistical Statistics 2019 May at: Available 1. page 2019, publishing.service.gov.uk/government/ uploads/system/uploads/attachment_ data/file/799054/PSS_May_2019.pdf uk/news Wales: and in England abuse Domestic 2018 March ending year November 22 Statistics, National at: Available 2018. peoplepopulationandcommunity/ crimeandjustice/bulletins/ domesticabuseinenglandandwales/ yearendingmarch2018 and Wales of 58,744,600 (England 58,744,600 of and Wales See: 3,125,200). Wales 55,619,400; UK, the for estimates Population and Scotland Wales, and England Northern mid-2017 Ireland: 2018, June 28 Statistics, National for at: Available 9. page peoplepopulationandcommunity/ populationandmigration/ populationestimates/bulletins/ Total managed expenditure for for expenditure managed Total Based on a total population of England England of population a total on Based

See: 23 24 25 26 22

, National , National , https://assets. , Her Majesty’s , Her Majesty’s www.nao.org.uk/wp- https://assets.publishing. , HM Government, January Government, , HM 4. Available at: at: Available 4. content/uploads/2018/09/Financial- sustainability-of-police-forces-in- England-and-Wales-2018.pdf Financial sustainability of police forces forces police of sustainability Financial 2018 Wales and in England Session 1501, Office,HC Audit page 2018, September 11 2017–2019, HM Government, April 2019, CP57. CP57. April 2019, Government, HM at: Available service.gov.uk/government/uploads/ system/uploads/attachment_data/ file/793360/Online_Harms_White_ Paper.pdf www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/ hmicfrs/publications/state-of-policing- the-annual-assessment-of-policing-in- england-and-wales-2017 Paper White Online Harms State of Policing: The Annual Annual The Policing: of State in England Policing of Assessment 2017 Wales and Constabulary, of Inspector Chief at: Available 31. page 2018, June 2019, CP15. Available at: at: Available CP15. 2019, publishing.service.gov.uk/government/ uploads/system/uploads/attachment_ data/file/772202/CCS1218158068- Web_Accessible.pdf Transforming the Response to Domestic Domestic to Response the Transforming and Response Consultation Abuse: Draft Bill As before, page 60. page before, As

21 20 19 18 17 160 STATE OF POLICING PART 3: OUR REPORTS STATE OF POLICING PART 3: OUR REPORTS 161 , HMICFRS, , HMICFRS, , HMIC, , HMIC, , HMICFRS, November November , HMICFRS, Police; South Yorkshire Police; Police; Yorkshire South Police; Police; Bedfordshire Police; Cleveland Police; Humberside Police; Lincolnshire Police. Manchester Greater and Up the Pieces the Up at: Available 11. page 2018, https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/ hmicfrs/publications/policing-and-mental- health-picking-up-the-pieces/ 2016: effectiveness Police PEEL: A national overview at: Available 4. page 2017, March www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/ hmicfrs/wp-content/uploads/peel- police-effectiveness-2016.pdf integrity data crime our in inspected as judged were 13 programme, improvement”: or “requires “inadequate” Hampshire Constabulary; Derbyshire Police; Midlands Constabulary; West Police; Gwent Police; Leicestershire Nottinghamshire Dyfed-Powys Police; Policing and Mental Health: Health: Mental and Policing Pieces the Up Picking at: Available 2018. November www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/ hmicfrs/wp-content/uploads/policing- and-mental-health-picking-up-the- pieces.pdf places on restrictions creates 2017 Act safety. of places as be used may that Picking Health: Mental and Policing As before. As forces the among April 2018, Since Section 81 of the Policing and Crime Crime and Policing the of 81 Section

35 36 37 32 33 34 , University https://assets. , Attorney , Attorney , HMICFRS, , HMICFRS, , HMICFRS, , HMICFRS, , Police Foundation, Foundation, , Police March 2019. Available at: at: Available 2019. March http://www.police-foundation.org.uk/ project/data-driven-policing-and-public- value-new/ publishing.service.gov.uk/government/ uploads/system/uploads/attachment_ data/file/756436/Attorney_General_s_ Disclosure_Review.pdf Public and Policing Data-Driven Value Review of the efficiency the and of Review the in disclosure of effectiveness system justice criminal 2018, Office,November General’s at: Available 9735. Cm 2 May 2019, page 2. Available at: at: Available 2. page 2019, 2 May www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/ hmicfrs/wp-content/uploads/peel- spotlight-report-a-system-under- pressure.pdf of Cambridge, 9 May 2019. Available at: at: Available 2019. 9 May Cambridge, of www.cam.ac.uk/sites/www.cam.ac.uk/ files/inner-images/thejobthelife_findings.pdf A system report: spotlight PEEL under pressure www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/ hmicfrs/wp-content/uploads/peel- spotlight-report-a-system-under- pressure.pdf Life & The Job The Policing: PEEL spotlight report: A system A system report: spotlight PEEL under pressure at: Available 16. page 2019, 2 May

31 30 29 28 27 , https:// conditions applies. The first is that the the that is The first applies. conditions impair would regulations proposed efficiencypolice effectiveness. or that is The third illegality. The is second be reason, other some for would, it so. do to wrong Bill Regulator Science Forensic at: Available 57/1. 180 Bill publications.parliament.uk/pa/bills/ cbill/2017-2019/0180/18180.pdf Secretary of State may by regulations regulations by may State Secretaryof one requiring or more provision make particular adopt to police forces adopt or to orprocedures practices, a particular of orprocedures practices of College the however, If, description. to draft proposes regulations Policing obliged is he State, Secretary of the the of terms in regulations make to three of unless any draft, College’s Section 53A of the Police Act 1996; the the 1996; Act Police the of 53A Section

43 42 , , HMSO, , HMSO, , HMIC, , HMIC, . See also . See also Closing Closing Closing the Gap the Closing , House of of , House https://publications. Final Report of the Royal ReportFinal Royal the of , HMICFRS, April 2019, page page April 2019, , HMICFRS, In our 2005 report, report, 2005 our In 25 October 2018, HC 515, paragraph paragraph 515, HC 2018, October 25 at: Available 219. parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/ cmselect/cmhaff/515/51513.htm#_idTextAnchor098 Commission on the Police 1962 on Police the Commission 1728. Cmnd. 1962, May London, Report Tenth future: the for Policing Session 2017–19 of Affairs Home Commons Committee, Policing in England and Wales and in England Policing at: Available 2005. September 13 www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmicfrs/ publications/closing-the-gap of ‘Memorandum Goodhart’s Dr A.L. the in Dissent’ crime and terrorism, we concluded concluded we terrorism, and crime no was structure 43-force the that See purpose. for fit longer for ‘Fitness the of A Review Gap: the of Structure Current the of Purpose’ and British Transport Police. Transport British and viability economic of assessing the capabilities inforces’ tackling organised 35, paragraph 1.37. Available at: at: Available 1.37. paragraph 35, www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/ hmicfrs/wp-content/uploads/fraud-time- to-choose-an-inspection-of-the-police- response-to-fraud.pdf Fraud: Time to Choose: An Choose: to Time Fraud: to response police the of inspection fraud The 43 forces in England and Wales, Wales, and England in The forces 43

41 40 39 38 162 STATE OF POLICING PART 3: OUR REPORTS STATE OF POLICING PART 3: OUR REPORTS 163 , Office , www.ons.gov.uk/ , HMIC, 2017. Available at: at: Available 2017. , HMIC, , HMIC, 2014. Available at: at: Available 2014. , HMIC, , Office for National Statistics, Statistics, , Office National for , HMICFRS, 2019. Available at: at: Available 2019. , HMICFRS, Available at: at: Available peoplepopulationandcommunity/ crimeandjustice/bulletins/ crimeinenglandandwales/ yearendingseptember2018 police-response-to-domestic-abuse Appendix Wales: and in England Crime tables 2019. – An Choose to Time Fraud: to Response Police the of Inspection Fraud www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/ hmicfrs/publications/an-inspection-of- the-police-response-to-fraud and Police – the in Fear Living and Harassment to Response CPS Stalking www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/ hmicfrs/publications/living-in-fear- the-police-and-cps-response-to- harassment-and-stalking year Wales: and in England Crime 2018 September ending 2019. Statistics, National for Policing and Mental Health: Health: Mental and Policing Pieces the up Picking AvailableHMICFRS, at: 2018. www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/ hmicfrs/publications/policing-and- mental-health-picking-up-the-pieces Improving Business: Everyone’s Domestic to Response Police the Abuse www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/ hmicfrs/publications/improving-the-

7 8 9 10 5 6 ). ,

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These figures have confidence intervals intervals confidence have These figures We calculated this estimate by applying by estimate this calculated We responsibilities include training staff and process recording crime the in the check that carrying to audits out relevant the all with complying is force rules. 82 percent and 88 percent of crimes crimes of percent 88 and percent 82 were correctly recorded. for percent offences violent 91.5 and for offences; basedsexual on our findings forces. 20 in inspections of forces audit findings34 from our latest Office Home crime to police-recorded in forces all for fraud) (excluding figures months 12 the for Wales and England ending December 2018. responsible is who force a police in crime it complies making with sure for Therules. Office Home recording are they that say Rules Counting decisions all for responsible ultimately a no-crime make or a crime record to Registrars' arbiter. final the as decision, of: +/− 0.3 percent for all reported reported all for percent 0.3 +/− of: violent for percent 0.5 +/− crime; sexual for percent 0.5 +/− and offences; gives interval The confidence offences. the which within range an estimated example, For fall. to likely are figures of percent 85 that found anif audit with recorded correctly crimes were 3 percent, +/− of interval a confidence between that be confident could we 85.9 percent for all crime, 80.8 percent percent 80.8 crime, all for percent 85.9 The force crime registrar is the person person the is registrar crime The force

17 18 19 16

. , the Rt Dame Hon , the https://www.justiceinspe https://www.justiceinspe www.gov.uk/government/ , HMIC, November 2014. 2014. November , HMIC, Equality Act 2010 Act Equality Appropriate adults are responsible for for responsible are adults Appropriate figures. count/ weighting applied simple we combined, crime force-recorded individual the to Crime Recording: Making the Victim Victim the Making Recording: Crime Count at: Available ctorates.gov.uk/hmicfrs/publications/ crime-recording-making-the-victim- The appropriate adult may be a parent, be a parent, may adult The appropriate no-one If worker. social or guardian available, is description this matching duty a statutory have local authorities person over a responsible provide to role. the fill to 18 of age the protecting the rights and welfare of a a of welfare and rights the protecting police. the by detained is who child various before be present must They identification as (such processes police place. can take procedures) Elish Angiolini DBE QC, October 2017. 2017. October QC, DBE Angiolini Elish at: Available publications/deaths-and-serious- incidents-in-police-custody Report of the Independent Review Report Review Independent the of in Incidents Serious and Deaths of Custody Police To produce the figures for the 34 forces forces 34 the for figures the produce To

14 15 13 12 11 164 STATE OF POLICING PART 3: OUR REPORTS STATE OF POLICING PART 3: OUR REPORTS 165 envisaged the creation of of creation the envisaged www.gov.uk/government/ NCA Blueprint and Operating Operating and Blueprint NCA response to those threats”. those to response collections/police-super-complaints to be as effective as possible, they they possible, as effective be as to the This is be co-ordinated. must NCA. the of responsibility Model governance ‘strategic multi-agency [law with “[work] These would groups’. new develop partners to enforcement] operations against agreed multi-agency priorities and commissioning new [national to requests activity through The NCA co-ordination].” and tasking governance strategic describes these National the to sub-groups as groups Co-ordination and Tasking Tactical to tasked “are They (NTTCG). Group for Plans Action Strategic develop within contained threats the mitigating Assessment Strategic National the multi-agency the co-ordinate to and one of the greatest risks to the national national the to risks greatest the of one Kingdom. security United the of a wide and forces police The NCA, are bodies public other of range The Crime it. tackling for responsible NCA the allows Courtsand 2013 Act these from collect information to certain in and, bodies public other activities. their direct to circumstances, are bodies these all of activities the If Serious and organised crime remains remains crime organised and Serious See: The

23 22 21 , . . , , HMIC, , HMIC, , HMIC, , HMIC, Crime Recording: Recording: Crime . Making the Victim Count Victim the Making at: Available 2014. November www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/ hmicfrs/publications/crime-recording- making-the-victim-count Commissioned by the Police and and Police the by Commissioned Crime Commissioner Kent for at: Available 2013. June HMIC, www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/ hmicfrs/publication/crime-recording- in-kent HMIC, January 2012. Available at: at: Available January2012. HMIC, www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/ hmicfrs/publication/review-police- crime-incident-reports-20120125 A Report in Kent: Recording Crime October 2009. Available at: at: Available 2009. October www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/ hmicfrs/publication/crime-counts of A Review Scene: Crime The Reports Incident and Crime Police Crime Counts: A Review of of A Review Counts: Crime Quality Offences Data for the of Serious ViolenceMost

20 © Dorset Police 166 Annexes

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Chesterfiel RNSLE 1 Ashbour 4 Christchur Matlock 9 2 A og 23 22 2 1 d arwick B Number d shington Ringwood N DERBDERB teshea Stratfor W O Durham upon-Av k WE WE NOR NOR amworth E ld e Harr Wa T WICKSHIREWICKSHIRE Ga ne TL Consett S yne Darlingto ORKSHIRE ORKSHIRE L RR ough astl S S rd r- SWIND Lichfiel N TYNE 22 Y Y Morpeth ownhills Bournemouth y O Alnwic alsall RD encester IRKLEE wc D 8 the-Wo Stow-on- Rugeley K Br O 1 UP NEWCAS W adfo N- D SHIRE SHIRE Huddersfiel Cir T O A OF Ne upon Ty WAWA Br Berwick-upon-Tw Keighley 21 N 15 t Buxton Marlbor E RADF AN KE- Leek B AND AND AL Salisbur TRE Cheltenham ESHE O Bishop Auckland DURHAM DURHAM CITY Uttoxeter Swindon Halifax STST ST 3 6 Corbridge 1212 AT Ashton-unde 1 1 RT T nt Skipton Evesham e G Redditch S e-on O TERSHIRE Oldham Cannock A re WILT WILT E ALDERD Chippenham BIRMINGHAM arminster ool Stockpor C Stone ES -T CKP P 4 WEWE ve 17 14 O oud W Stok owbridge MIDL MIDL THUMBRIA THUMBRIA ST RC TER TER E TERSHIRE TERSHIRE Tr ey Str d d 0 AFFORDSHIRE AFFORDSHIRE 10 Hexham HIR r Dudley 11 or S n oe Macclesfield WO THUMBERL TER TER HE Rochdale omsgro Burnl ST ST C este Congleton me A A Br Staff NOR NOR Forum N rc ough Ly O Kidderminster Blandfor rhampton T ster Clither Stourbridge ome Bury NOR Br G Wo 9 Blackbur ymouth ce lve Fr OUCES OUCES D 7 Newcastle- under- GRE GRE 8 ewe We H ARRIN d Wo T th Glou TERSHIRE W Cr or D Bolton GL GL OU lf Ba RD AN S D ch MANCHES MANCHES REKIN n AN AN UCES STST O CIA CIA Te G WREKIN O DORSET DORSET ST L EN MERSET arrington CHESHIRE CHESHIRE WI hester TER G esto O TELF TH AN S ITH E RW Bridgnorth W gan Pr CKBURN W BA HE ON dnes Shepton Mallet A WEWE T C NE S DA e Wi Dorc Whitchur BL MER MER Nantwich Wi Glastonbury - - r HAL Leominster CHESHIRE WE Lancaster ANCASHIRE ANCASHIRE vil PSHIRE TTTTT T RDSHIR o ST L L L Bristol O HELENS OOO

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T EA CO NOR NOR N : RT Machynlleth s O Dolgellau ERHAMPT P ea Neath LV YFED-PO YFED-PO M ar Llandudno EDD O y TER Y D HA L D D N N R D Conwy M ALE G F W albot Betws- Port IDE y-Coed OOL R O WELL S T O ON O unitar E O LSALL d VENTR CHD LIHUL M e WY LDHA staple O O O ANSEA er CITY DUDLEY LIVERP TRAFF O SALF R TA WA BIRMIN S C BOLT MANCHES SAND E G Llandovery N b

SW Bangor 3 7 5 2 6 9 9 8 8 0 DEV 11 1 17 1 1 14 um 16 1 1 1 20 Barn N SHIR d N ymouth narfon vistock Llandeilo ansea Okehampton THE Pl EREDIGIO H Ta C Sw ALL ALL T Caer Bidefor OF OU Llanelli ON ON F ITY Porthmadog Aberystwyth CARMAR YM C O and and LESEY PL ISLE d NG DEV DEV A ORNW ORNW C C Liskear Carmarthen igan ALL St Clears Card W Launceston nby N Te Bude OR l Holyhead Bodmin C E d St Austel ke dwest KESHIR O Fishguar Dock d debridge Pembro Haverfor PEMBR o Wa Haven Milfor ur Tr Falmouth Newquay Redruth Helston Police force areas Annex A: Annex Penzance Isles of Scilly 168 STATE OF POLICING POLICE FORCE AREAS STATE OF POLICING ABOUT US 169 HMIC was established inHMICestablished was 1856

Government. Both our independence and inspection rights rights inspection independence and our Both Government. Crown are who Inspectors, Her in Majesty’s vested are 1996). Act Police 54(1), (section appointees Responsibility Act 2011 and the Policing and Crime Act 2017). Act Crime and Policing the and 2011 Act Responsibility service police the the and both of independent are We a half. Most of our current functions are set out in the Police Police the in out set are functions current our of Most a half. Social and Reform Police the amended by (as 1996 Act the Inspectorate. centurylast the and over evolved have influence and Our role appointed in 1962, as part of a major package of reforms reforms of part as package a major of 1962, in appointed of role the expand and governance police improve to The Act also introduced the concept of annual inspection. annual of concept the introduced also The Act was of Constabulary(HMCIC) Inspector Chief The first England and Wales were appointed. It was their duty to duty their to was It appointed. were Wales and England 15). (section police” the of efficiency and state the into “inquire Borough Police Act 1856). Act Police Borough Constabulary in of Inspectors three Act, 1856 the Under in 1856, under the same statute that required every county required that samestatute the under 1856, in and up set to so done already hadn’t that borough and County and (the a permanent force salaried police maintain Our history established Constabulary was of Inspectorate Her Majesty’s About us About Annex B: B: Annex

© Hampshire Constabulary© (section 54(2BA), Police Act 1996). Act Police 54(2BA), (section The Secretary of State may at any time direct us to carry to us direct time any at may The State Secretary of (section area police any in force a police of anout inspection 1996). Act Police 54(2B), us direct also Secretary Home may the time, to time From efficiency and the improve help carry to duties to other out 1996). Act Police 54(3), (section police the effectiveness of ask time any at may area a police for body The local policing area that in force carry a police of to us an out inspection Our statutory responsibilities EnglandInspecting and in forces territorial Wales police report and efficiency inspect must and the on We a police for maintained force every police of effectiveness 1996). Act Police 54(2), (section area 1996 Police Act 170 STATE OF POLICING ABOUT US STATE OF POLICING ABOUT US 171

We also have statutory have also We inspectduties to forces police other and agencies, whose remits are not limited a particularto area. territorial Inspectors) Regulations 2012 (SI 2012/2840)). (SI 2012 Regulations Inspectors) National Crime Agency (section 11, Crime and Courts Act Courts and Crime Act 11, (section Agency Crime National 2013); and and Citizenship Borders, 29, (section functions Customs by (Inspections Customs the and 2009, Act Immigration Constabulary Scottish the and of Inspectors Her Majesty’s Police Act 1987); Act Police Police ServicePolice Northern 41, of (section Ireland the by appointment to subject 1998, Act (Northern Ireland) Northern Ireland); Department Justice, of Civil Nuclear Constabulary (section 62, Energy Act 2004); Act Energy 62, Civil Nuclear Constabulary (section Commissioners for 27, (section & Customs HM Revenue and Revenue the and 2005, Act Customs and Revenue Regulations (Inspections) Customs 2005 2005/1133)); (SI Defence Ministry of 4B, (section Police Defence Ministry of Armed Forces Police – Royal Navy, Royal Military and Royal Military Royal and Royal Navy, – Royal Police Armed Forces 2006); Act Armed Forces 321A, (section Police Air Force and Railways 63, (section Police Transport British 2003); Act Safety Transport – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – We have a duty to inspect: a duty to have We – for what the force or agency does. agency or force the what for territorial area. Instead, they police specific areas of of specific areas police they Instead, area. territorial we cases, these In particular or types crime. of infrastructure body responsible is government our report whichever give to We also have statutory duties to inspect other police forces forces police other inspect to duties statutory have also We particular a to limited not are remits whose agencies, and Inspecting other police forces and forces agencies police Inspecting other believes the inspection would impose an unreasonable an unreasonable impose would inspection the believes burden (paragraph 3). must co-operate with other inspectorates, where where inspectorates, other with co-operate must effectively efficiently and can operate they so appropriate, (paragraph 4); other with programme inspection a joint up draw must and (paragraphinspectorates 5); carry to an out not certain inspectorates other tell may HMCIC if a particular in way, so do to not or inspection, – – – Schedule 4A to the 1996 Act says that the Inspectors Inspectors the that says Act 1996 the to 4A Schedule Constabulary:of – – – efficiency, effectiveness and people. To reflect this new new this reflect To effectiveness and people. efficiency, of Inspectorate Her Majesty’s changed to name our role, Constabulary and & Rescue Fire Services(HMICFRS). working Collaborative the between working collaborative of history The long Crown the Constabulary, – of inspectorates justice criminal Service, Probation National andProsecution the Prisons 1996. Act Police the through Service law in enshrined – was In summer 2017, we took on inspections of England’s fire fire England’s of inspections on took we 2017, summer In services, rescue and their on reporting assessing and

© Hampshire Constabulary© law through the through law 1996. Act Police justice inspectoratesjustice in enshrined was The long history of of history The long working collaborative between the criminal 172 STATE OF POLICING ABOUT US STATE OF POLICING ABOUT US 173 We must publish the must publish We reports we prepare under 54 section the of Act 1996 (sectionPolice 1996). Act Police 55(1),

before Parliament (paragraphs 2(2A)–(2B) of Schedule 4A 4A Schedule of 2(2A)–(2B) (paragraphs Parliament before 1996). Act Police the to to the Police Act 1996). He must gain the Home Secretary’s Secretary’s Home the gain He must 1996). Act Police the to framework. and programme inspection the of approval framework and programme inspection the lay then He must HMCIC must prepare, consult on and publish an inspection an inspection publish and on consult prepare, must HMCIC 4A Schedule 2 of (paragraph framework and programme Producing the HMICFRS inspection programme HMICFRS the Producing and framework year (section 54(4A), Police Act 1996). This is our State of of State our is This 1996). Act Police 54(4A), (section year report. Policing report before Parliament (section 54(4), Police Act 1996). 1996). Act Police 54(4), (section Parliament report before efficiency the assessment of The his report include must that for Wales and England in policing of effectiveness and HMCIC must each year give the Secretary of State a a State Secretary of the give year each must HMCIC this of a copy lay must HMCIC report inspections. our on police force and the police and crime panel for that police police that for panel crime and police the and force police 1996). Act Police 55(3), (section area We must send a copy of every published report to the the report every published to of copy a send must We the maintaining body localpolicing the State, Secretary of that officerfor chief the reportthe about, is force police anyone in danger (section 55(2), Police Act 1996). Act Police 55(2), danger (section in anyone We must not publish anything the Inspectors believe would would believe Inspectors the anything publish not must We put security might or national of interests the be against We must publish the reports we prepare under section 54 54 section under prepare reports we the publish must We 1996). Act Police 55(1), (section 1996 Act Police the of Publishing reportsPublishing

Participating in misconduct proceedings other and constables chief for proceedings misconduct In superintendent, of chief rank the officerssenior above for panel the on sit will nominates, he an or HMI HMCIC, hearings and misconduct (Police meetings misconduct regulation 2012/2632), (SI 2012 Regulations (Conduct) constables), chief (including officerranks chief all For 26). police any on sit will nominates, he an or HMI HMCIC, 1). paragraph 6, Schedule 1996, Act (Police appeals tribunal interests of the public”. public”. the of interests a Secretary Home can make the by Only designated bodies designated. were bodies 16 2018, June In super-complaint. Her Majesty’s to writing in be made must Super-complaints by considered are They Constabulary. of Inspector Chief who IOPC, the and Policing of College the HMICFRS, happen needs to anything) (if decide what together super-complaint. the of a result as make sure they stay informed about all complaints and and complaints all about informed stay they sure make 15(1), (section force that to relating matters misconduct 2002). Act Reform Police Super-complaints a new established 2017 Act Crime and The Policing considers The system super-complaints. police of system of features, of or combination feature, “a that complaints one than more or one by Wales and England in policing the harming significantly be, appears or to is, force police Complaints andComplaints misconduct must force a police inspecting (HMIs) Inspectors HM

super-complaints. The Policing and Crime and Crime The Policing established 2017 Act police of system a new 174 STATE OF POLICING ABOUT US STATE OF POLICING ABOUT US 175

© Derbyshire Constabulary Derbyshire © paragraph 15). making a recommendation to the police and crime and crime police the to making a recommendation (Police constable a commissioner chief on dismissing 8, Schedule 2011, Act Responsibility Social and Reform The police and crime panel may consult HMCIC before before HMCIC consult may panel crime and The police proposed removal. HMCIC must then give his views and the the and views his give then must HMCIC removal. proposed and crime (Police police commissioner consider them must 11B). and 11A regulations 2003/527), (SI 2003 Regulations If a police and crime commissioner is proposing to call on on call to proposing is commissioner crime and a police If resign, or retire to officer senior other or constable a chief the on views written his give to HMCIC invite must they Acting as a check on the removal of senior officers senior of as removal a checkActing the on

of Schedule 4A to the Police Act 1996). Act Police the to 4A Schedule of Power to act to jointly with another public body Power where body public another with jointly can act We 5(1) (paragraph effectively efficiently and work to appropriate, 1996). Act Police the to 4A Schedule of assistance other any provide to to Power public authority other any help appropriate, is it thinks he if may, HMCIC on can this do HMCIC carry authority public role. its out 6 (paragraph terms payment including terms, reasonable give inspectors access to the force’s premises, and to to and premises, force’s the accessto inspectors give we that premises those on things other and documents Schedule 6B of carry (paragraph need inspection to the out 1996). Act Police the to 4A functions delegate to Power or his of any delegate to power the has An Inspector 1 authority public (paragraph another to her functions 1996). Act Police the to 4A Schedule of Responsibility Act 2011 to the Police Act 1996 have have 1996 Act Police the to 2011 Act Responsibility of independent body a policing as role our strengthened more us This makes police. the and Government the both Parliament. to and public the to accountable fully and documents premises Access to information, inspectors give must police of officerThe chief needs inspector the things other or evidence documents, Schedule of 6A carry (paragraph inspection to the out officer Thealso chief must 1996). Act Police the to 4A Our powers Social and Reform Police the by made Amendments

to work efficientlyto effectively. and We can act jointly with with act can jointly We body public another appropriate, where 176 STATE OF POLICING ABOUT US STATE OF POLICING ABOUT US 177

Biographies for each each for Biographies Inspectors the of are Constabulary of on our website: justiceinspectorates. gov.uk/hmicfrs/about-us/ who-we-are

Dru Sharpling CBE is Her Majesty’s Inspector and also sits on the panel the Independent of Abuse. Sexual Child Inquiry into WilliamsWendy Wendy Williams is Her Majesty’s Inspector for the Wales and Western Region. for the Northern the region. for Matt Parr Matt Parr CB is Her Majesty’s Inspector for the National and London Regions. He is also temporarily Police. Bedfordshire for Inspector Her Majesty’s Dru Sharpling Zoë Billingham BillinghamZoë is Her Majesty’s Inspector Region. Eastern the for Gormley Phil Phil Gormley QPM is Her Majesty’s Inspector Sir Thomas Winsor Sir Thomas was appointed as In October 2012, Her Majesty’s Chief Inspector Constabulary. of He is the first holderofficethatof to comefrom background. non-policing a

Her Majesty’s Inspectors Constabulary of Her Majesty’s

Her Majesty’s Chief Inspector of Constabulary of Inspector Chief Her Majesty’s Who we are we Who that our remit now covers the 43 forces in England and and England in forces 43 the covers now remit our that Our main agencies. and forces other several and Wales, 1996. Act Police the now is statute empowering neither are They Constabulary. of six Inspectors are There the by appointed officers, are and police nor servants civil we means That years. to five up of term a fixed for Crown and police Government, police, the of independent are agencies other equivalents), their crime commissioners (and parties. outside all and system justice criminal the in accountable appointed were of Constabulary Inspectors The first TheAct 1856. Act Police County Borough and the under report and efficiency inspect the on to them required England in forces police the of most of effectiveness and and Wales. except then, since changed materially hasn’t role Our main How we are are we How

and several other other and several forces and agencies. Our remit covers in forces 43 the and Wales, England 178 STATE OF POLICING ABOUT US STATE OF POLICING ABOUT US 179

Independence Independence a lack mean doesn’t of accountability.

Equality Act 2010. Act Equality Data Protection Act 2018 and the General Data Protection Protection General Data the and 2018 Act Protection Data (2016/679/EU); Regulation 1998; Act Human Rights and 2000; Act Information of Freedom Official Secrets Acts 1911 and 1989; and 1911 Acts Official Secrets 1974; Act etc. Work at Safety and Health directs us to: section 54(3), Police Act 1996; and 1996; Act Police 54(3), section to: us directs rules administrative comply the with of to our obligation rules and good administration, the public law of Court High review. the in judicial enforceable by Committees of Parliament, including the Home Affairs Home the including Parliament, Committees of Committee Accounts Public the Select Committee, us on call may which select committee other any and evidence; give to Secretary Home carry the duties to other out obligation our inspection programme and inspection framework: Police Police framework: inspection and programme inspection 2(2A)(a); paragraph 4A, schedule 1996, Act written Parliamentary questions; to evidence oral and written give to obligation our our obligation to submit an annual Home report the to our obligation to each 1996; Act Police the of 54 Secretary section under Parliament: before laid and report be published must 1996; Act Police 54(4), section each of a copy Parliament before lay to obligation our our statutory duties, enforceable through judicial review review judicial through enforceable duties, statutory our duty; statutory of breach for action by or – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – imposed on public authorities, including: authorities, on public imposed – As a public body, we are also subject to the legal obligations legal obligations the to subject also are we body, a public As – – – – – – accountability. We are accountable in these ways: these in accountable are We accountability. – However, independence doesn’t mean a lack of of mean a lack independence doesn’t However, Independent Office for Police Conduct. The concordat concordat The Conduct. OfficePolice Independent for how and responsibilities, and roles respective our out sets other. each with work we organisations. The concordat sets out our respective respective our out sets The concordat organisations. main people involved the of responsibilities and the roles, affairs. our overseeing and sponsoring running, in on website; our published is The concordat have we As Policing. of College the with a concordat complementary purposes which and different by powers out sets concordat the purposes, those achieve to aim we work we how and responsibilities, and roles respective our other; each with and the Policing College of the with a concordat a concordat with the Home Office which explains the the Office Home the explains with which a concordat two our between relationship the parts of material – – – in paragraphs 2–5 of that Schedule and we cover those those cover we and Schedule that 2–5 of paragraphs in report. this in inspections We also have a statutory duty to co-operate with the other other the with co-operate duty to a statutory have also We concerned namely those inspectorates, justice criminal Service Prosecution Crown probation and the the with named inspectorates services, other prisons and the and 1996. Act Police 4A, Schedule 4, paragraph in out set out set are inspections joint to relating Our obligations – – accountable to the Home Office for our spending, even even Office Home the spending, our for to accountable a subsidiary neither a part nor are the we of though Office.Home out set which others with concordats three have We us. between arrangements working or relationship the These are: – How we work with other organisations other with work we How Office Home the funded by are and mostly are We justice inspectorates.justice We have a statutory a statutory have We with duty co-operate to criminalthe other 180 STATE OF POLICING ABOUT US STATE OF POLICING ABOUT US 181

Royal GibraltarRoyal Police Police Jersey of States Man Constabulary of Isle & Customs Revenue HM invitation. by others Metropolitan ServicePolice Police City London of Agency Crime National Police Transport British Civil Nuclear Constabulary Ministry of Police Defence Armed Police Forces Police Guernsey – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – The and National regions’ London responsibilities include: – – – – – – – –

National and London regions London and National Wales and Western region Northern region region Eastern

Northern Ireland Our regions

Independence Honesty

ness Fair Respect Integrity values and objectives and in policing improvements promote Our purpose to is everyone safer. services rescue make to and fire integrity independence, honesty, respect, of Our values a as act They work. heart we the how at fairnessand are of individuals as – both decisions make us help to touchstone an as and organisation. Our purpose, Our purpose, 182 STATE OF POLICING ABOUT US STATE OF POLICING PEELIAN PRINCIPLES 183

when assessing forces. the first full-time, full-time, first the professional and centrally-organised in England force police the for and Wales, Londonarea. Greater His police reforms were on a philosophy based the of the power that police comes from the the of consent common as to public, opposed the state. of the power is This philosophy nine underpinned by have which principles shaped our approach Sir Robert Peel became became RobertSir Peel Home Secretary in 1822. he established In 1829,

that can be that of police actions. of maintain a relationship

never appear to usurp the powers usurp appear powers the to never that gives reality to the historic tradition tradition historic the reality to gives that co-operation the public of , not the visible evidence of police action action police of evidence visible the , not secure the willing co-operationsecure willing the the of police efficiencyis the absenceof crime impartial service law. the to use physical force to the extent necessary extent the to force use physical in voluntary observance of the law to be able be able to law the observance voluntary in of

The test of of The test Police should always direct their action strictly towards towards strictly action their direct always should Police Police, at all times, should should times, all at Police, Police seek and preserve public favour not by pandering by not seek favour preserve and public Police The degree of The of degree The basic mission for which the police exist is to to is exist police the which for mission The basic is perform duties their to police the The ability of and disorder it. with dealing in their functions and functions their the judiciary. of that the police are the public and the public are the the are public the and public the are police the that public the members only being of police the police; which duties to attention full-time give to paid are who interests the in every on citizen incumbent are and existence. communityof welfare to secure observance of the law or to restore order only only order restore to or law the observance of secure to warning and advice persuasion, of exercise when the insufficient. be to found is with the public to public opinion but by constantly demonstrating demonstrating constantly opinion but public by to absolute secured diminishes proportionately to the necessity the to secured diminishes of proportionately force. physical of use the dependent upon public approval approval public upon dependent public public. the of respect the maintain and secure to prevent crime and disorder. prevent

Police

Police must

1 3 7 5 2 4 9 6 8

Peelian principles Peelian Annex C: C: Annex 4% 8% 3% 2% 2% 81% 0.7m 1.9m 0.4m 0.4m 0.9m 18.8m

Staffing costs including associates Staffing and subsistence Travel Surveys and inspection services other costs and expenditure Office Accommodation IT and telephony Expenditure breakdown 2017/18 (£) 2017/18 Expenditure breakdown Our finances receive We also Office. Home the by funded mainly are We as (such others by commissioned inspections for funding Agency). Crime National the our on funding our of 80 percent over spend just We subsistence, travel, on spent rest the with workforce, expenses. and other accommodation Annex D: D: Annex We spend just over 80 spend just over We our funding of percent workforce. our on 184 STATE OF POLICING OUR FINANCES STATE OF POLICING OUR WORKFORCE 185 256 members staff of 12 24 28 46 146 146

People from other governmentPeople from departments Fire secondees Fire Fixed-term appointments Police secondees Permanent staff Our workforce comprises the Inspectors of Constabulary, Constabulary, of Inspectors the comprises Our workforce We also officers police staff and secondees. servants, civil inspectors. associate of a register have Our workforce

Staffing breakdown 2017/18 0

British Transport Police Transport British

Other police forces and agencies and forces police Other

Wiltshire

West Yorkshire West

West Midlands West

West Mercia West

Warwickshire

Thames Valley Thames

Sussex

Surrey

Suffolk

Staffordshire

South Yorkshire South

South Wales South

Nottinghamshire

Northumbria

Northamptonshire

North Yorkshire North

North Wales North

Norfolk

Metropolitan

Merseyside

Lincolnshire

Leicestershire

Lancashire

Kent

Humberside

Hertfordshire

Hampshire

Gwent

Greater Manchester Greater

Gloucestershire

Essex

Dyfed-Powys

Durham

Dorset

Devon and Cornwall and Devon

Derbyshire

Cumbria

Cleveland

City of London of City

Cheshire

Cambridgeshire

Bedfordshire

Avon and Somerset and Avon

of England and Wales and England of

forces police Territorial

Inspections Offending Youth of Services Growing Up Neglected: A Multi-Agency Response Olderto Children Exploitation Criminal from Children Protecting and Modern Slavery: An Addendum Associated with Gangs and at Risk Exploitation of and Children Missing from Home, Care or Education AreaJoint Inspection Targeted the of Multi-Agency Abuse Domestic to Response AreaJoint Inspections Targeted the of Multi-Agency Response Sexual to Abuse in the Family National Child Protection Inspections AreaJoint Inspections Targeted the of Multi-Agency Response Abuse to and Neglect AreaJoint Inspection Targeted the of Multi-Agency Children Exploitation, Sexual Child to Response PoliceEffectiveness, Efficiency and Legitimacy2018/19 ForceHMIs' Assessments PEEL: Police Effectiveness 2017: An Inspection PolicePEEL: Effectiveness 2017: Britishof Transport Police 2018 Review File Misconduct and Complaints

Child protection inspections protection Child PEEL inspections PEEL

1 April 2018 to 2 May 2019 2 May to 2018 1 April Annex E: Annex force Our inspections by 186 STATE OF POLICING OUR INSPECTIONS BY FORCE STATE OF POLICING OUR INSPECTIONS BY FORCE

187

British Transport Police Transport British

Other police forces and agencies and forces police Other

Wiltshire

West Yorkshire West

West Midlands West

West Mercia West

Warwickshire

Thames Valley Thames

Sussex

Surrey

Suffolk

Staffordshire

South Yorkshire South

South Wales South

Nottinghamshire

Northumbria

Northamptonshire

North Yorkshire North

North Wales North

Norfolk

Metropolitan

Merseyside

Lincolnshire

Leicestershire

Lancashire

Kent

Humberside

Hertfordshire

Hampshire

Gwent

Greater Manchester Greater

Gloucestershire

Essex

Dyfed-Powys

Durham

Dorset

Devon and Cornwall and Devon

Derbyshire

Cumbria

Cleveland

City of London of City

Cheshire

Cambridgeshire

Bedfordshire

Avon and Somerset and Avon

of England and Wales and England of

forces police Territorial

Response to Domestic Abuse Domestic to Response AreaJoint Inspections Targeted the of Multi-Agency Response Sexual to Abuse in the Family Growing Up Neglected: A Multi-Agency Response Olderto Children Exploitation Criminal from Children Protecting and Modern Slavery: An Addendum Inspections Offending Youth of Services PEEL: Police Effectiveness 2017: An Inspection PolicePEEL: Effectiveness 2017: Britishof Transport Police 2018 Review File Misconduct and Complaints PoliceEffectiveness, Efficiency and Legitimacy2018/19 ForceHMIs' Assessments National Child Protection Inspections AreaJoint Inspections Targeted the of Multi-Agency Response Abuse to and Neglect AreaJoint Inspection Targeted the of Multi-Agency Children Exploitation, Sexual Child to Response Associated with Gangs and at Risk Exploitation of and Children Missing from Home, Care or Education AreaJoint Inspection Targeted the of Multi-Agency

Child protection inspections protection Child PEEL inspections PEEL

Royal Navy Police Navy Royal

Royal Air Force Police Force Air Royal

National Crime Agency Crime National

Guernsey Police Guernsey

Gangmasters and Labour Abuse Authority Abuse Labour and Gangmasters

Other police forces and agencies and forces police Other

Wiltshire

West Yorkshire West

West Midlands West

West Mercia West

Warwickshire

Thames Valley Thames

Sussex

Surrey

Suffolk

Staffordshire

South Yorkshire South

South Wales South

Nottinghamshire

Northumbria

Northamptonshire

North Yorkshire North

North Wales North

Norfolk

Metropolitan

Merseyside

Lincolnshire

Leicestershire

Lancashire

Kent

Humberside

Hertfordshire

Hampshire

Gwent

Greater Manchester Greater

Gloucestershire

Essex

Dyfed-Powys

Durham

Dorset

Devon and Cornwall and Devon

Derbyshire

Cumbria

Cleveland

City of London of City

Cheshire

Cambridgeshire

Bedfordshire

Avon and Somerset and Avon

of England and Wales and England of

forces police Territorial

Unannounced Inspections of Police Custody Suites Custody Police of Inspections Unannounced Fraud: TimeFraud: choose to - An Inspection the of Police Fraud to Response Inspection Authority Labour Abuse and Gangmasters Stalking and Harassment: An Inspection Sussex of Police, and a National Update and Production Order Processes The Police Response Domestic to Abuse: Report Update An An Inspection the of Royal Air Force Police’s Process Management Performance of Guernseyof Police and Guernsey Border Agency Policing and Mental Health: Picking Up the Pieces An Inspection the of Royal Navy Performance Police’s Process Inspection A Joint Inspection NCA Search of Application National Coordination Tasking, and Governance theof Response Serious to and Organised Crime Understanding the Difference: TheInitial Police Response Hate Crime to An Inspection the of Capability and Capacity Crime Integrity Data Inspections An Inspection Commanders Police of Counter-Terrorism Operation Lynemouth Joint Inspection the of Handling Cases of Involving Disability Crime Hate Specialist inspections Specialist 1 April 2018 to 2 May 2019 2 May to 2018 1 April continued Our inspections by force force Our inspections by 188 STATE OF POLICING OUR INSPECTIONS BY FORCE STATE OF POLICING OUR INSPECTIONS BY FORCE

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Royal Navy Police Navy Royal

Royal Air Force Police Force Air Royal

National Crime Agency Crime National

Guernsey Police Guernsey

Gangmasters and Labour Abuse Authority Abuse Labour and Gangmasters

Other police forces and agencies and forces police Other

Wiltshire

West Yorkshire West

West Midlands West

West Mercia West

Warwickshire

Thames Valley Thames

Sussex

Surrey

Suffolk

Staffordshire

South Yorkshire South

South Wales South

Nottinghamshire

Northumbria

Northamptonshire

North Yorkshire North

North Wales North

Norfolk

Metropolitan

Merseyside

Lincolnshire

Leicestershire

Lancashire

Kent

Humberside

Hertfordshire

Hampshire

Gwent

Greater Manchester Greater

Gloucestershire

Essex

Dyfed-Powys

Durham

Dorset

Devon and Cornwall and Devon

Derbyshire

Cumbria

Cleveland

City of London of City

Cheshire

Cambridgeshire

Bedfordshire

Avon and Somerset and Avon

of England and Wales and England of

forces police Territorial

An Inspection the of Royal Navy Performance Police’s Process Inspection A Joint Inspection NCA Search of Application and Production Order Processes The Police Response Domestic to Abuse: Report Update An An Inspection the of Royal Air Force Police’s Process Management Performance TimeFraud: choose to - An Inspection the of Police Fraud to Response Inspection Authority Labour Abuse and Gangmasters Stalking and Harassment: An Inspection Sussex of Police, and a National Update Unannounced Inspections of Police Custody Suites Custody Police of Inspections Unannounced Joint Inspection the of Handling Cases of Involving Disability Crime Hate Crime Integrity Data Inspections An Inspection Commanders Police of Counter-Terrorism Operation Lynemouth National Coordination Tasking, and Governance theof Response Serious to and Organised Crime Understanding the Difference: TheInitial Police Response Hate Crime to An Inspection the of Capability and Capacity Guernseyof Police and Guernsey Border Agency Policing and Mental Health: Picking Up the Pieces Specialist inspections Specialist Promoting improvements in policing and fire and rescue services to make everyone safer Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services (HMICFRS) independently assesses the effectiveness and efficiency of police forces and fire and rescue services – in the public interest.

In preparing our reports, we ask the questions that citizens would ask, and publish the answers in accessible form, using our expertise to interpret the evidence and make recommendations for improvement.

We provide authoritative information to allow the public to compare the performance of their police force or fire and rescue service against others. Our evidence is used to bring about improvements in the services they provide to the public.

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Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services 6th floor Globe House 89 Eccleston Square London SW1V 1PN justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmicfrs