Cunninghamia Date of Publication: 23 March 2015 A journal of plant ecology for eastern Australia

ISSN 0727- 9620 (print) • ISSN 2200 - 405X (Online)

The flora of Kosciuszko National Park, New South Wales: Summary and overview

M.D. Doherty1, G. Wright2 and K.L. McDougall3

1 CSIRO Land & Water Flagship, Canberra; AUSTRALIA; email: [email protected] 2Parks Conservation and Heritage, NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, Queanbeyan, 2620 AUSTRALIA [email protected]; 3Regional Operations and Heritage, NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, Queanbeyan, 2620 AUSTRALIA; [email protected]

Abstract: Although Kosciuszko National Park is one of the largest and oldest in New South Wales, the vascular flora found within it has not been fully documented. An understandable focus on the alpine and subalpine flora has resulted in a lesser focus on the flora of the extensive tracts of forest and woodlands found in the montane, tableland and lower Snowy River zones of the Park. Here we summarise and provide an overview of the entire vascular flora across the full range of floristic zones within Kosciuszko, building upon earlier summaries focussed solely on the alpine and subalpine zones. Our compilation of records resulted in a total vascular flora for Kosciuszko National Park of 1435 taxa, of which 1105 taxa (77%) are native and 330 taxa (23%) are alien, excluding cultivated taxa. Based on 1990 data for the flora of New South Wales, Kosciuszko National Park hosts 24% of the State’s native vascular flora and 26% of the State’s alien vascular flora. There are 25 species of vascular plant that are endemic to the park and all but one (Haloragis milesiae) occur in the alpine and subalpine zones. A further 86 species have their NSW occurrences confined to the park. Many of the 24 endangered or vulnerable species found within the park also have their main occurrences in treeless subalpine and alpine vegetation. An additional 105 species are at the limits of their geographic distribution, have disjunct occurrences in the park or are uncommon in the Alps and these occur across a range of floristic zones. At least one species, Euphrasia scabra, is listed as presumed extinct in the park although it occurs elsewhere in New South Wales. Although well surveyed overall, areas including the Byadbo Wilderness, Pilot Wilderness and forests on the western flanks are by comparison under sampled and will require further survey effort in future to fully document the flora of the park. Historical legacies of past land use practices and impacts from current recreational uses, as well as impacts from feral herbivores and alien plant species all pose ongoing threats to the long term survival of many plant species found within the park. The interaction of these threats with increasing temperatures, shifting rainfall patterns including snow cover and changing fire regimes will require ongoing monitoring and increased resourcing if significant changes to ecosystems are to be effectively managed. Cunninghamia (2015) 15: 13-68 doi 10.7751/cunninghamia.2015.15.002

Cunninghamia: a journal of plant ecology for eastern Australia © 2015 Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/science/Scientific_publications/cunninghamia 14 Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park

Introduction Ordovician, Silurian and Devonian volcanics and a series of faults run through the middle of the reserve from south west Kosciuszko National Park (KNP) is the largest national to north east, resulting in a complicated geology, particularly park in New South Wales and comprises 690,660 ha of in the northern parts between the Long Plain Fault Zone and diverse climates, geologies and vegetation types. Vegetation the Tantangara Fault. Small areas of Silurian Limestone also communities range from dry woodland and shrubland occur in this northern area (e.g. Yarrangobilly Caves, Blue communities in the lower Snowy River area (Clayton-Greene Waterholes) as do occasional intrusions of Tertiary Basalt & Ashton 1990; Pulsford et al.1993) through extensive (e.g. east of Mt. Selwyn). An altitudinal range of over 2000 tracts of montane forest and woodland communities, to the m, from 200 m asl in the lower Snowy River to 2228 m asl herbfields of the true alpine zone (Wimbush & Costin 1973; on Mt. Kosciuszko, gives rise to a wide range of climatic Costin et al. 2000) as well as unusual communities such as conditions (Table 1). Overall, the eastern fall of the reserve Acacia shrublands (Clayton-Greene & Wimbush 1988) and receives less precipitation than the central and western areas, cool temperate rainforest (Doherty et al. 2011). Vegetation due to a rain shadow effect and this is particularly the case in types and patterns found within KNP have been summarised the lower Snowy River area. broadly by Good (1992) and in more detail by Gellie (2005). The park has been the subject of botanical exploration and The area comprising what is now KNP was inhabited by the documentation since the late 1800s (Helms 1890; Maiden Walgalu, Djilamatang and Ngarigo Aboriginal tribal groups 1898; Maiden 1899). However, because the area contains the (Tindale 1974; Young, Mundy & Mundy 2000). Alpine highest peaks in Australia and because true alpine areas in and subalpine areas were used seasonally, particularly in Australia are highly restricted (Costin 1957; Costin 1968; relation to the harvesting of Bogong moths in summer Costin 1981), much of the botanical focus within Kosciuszko (Flood 2010) whereas permanent and more intensive use was National Park has been in the treeless alpine and subalpine made of fertile areas at lower altitudes on the Tablelands, zones (Wimbush & Costin 1973; Wimbush & Costin 1979a; including the Snowy River Valley. European colonisation Wimbush & Costin 1979b; Wimbush & Costin 1979c; and subsequent settlement and exploration from the early McDougall & Walsh 2002; McDougall & Walsh 2007). 1800s onward led to a period of mixed land use ranging from Alpine and treeless areas represent less than 14% of the gold mining and cattle and sheep grazing in the mid 19th to area of the park and the surrounding tracts of montane and mid 20th centuries to intensive development for the Snowy tablelands forests and woodlands are much less documented Mountains Hydroelectric Scheme from the mid 20th century and studied. This paper builds upon the work of Thompson onward. There has also been concentrated development in and Gray (1981), which focussed on areas above 1500m, and subalpine areas for ski resort development since the 1970s. extends coverage to the whole of KNP so as to provide a The core of the park was declared in 1944 as a State Park comprehensive record of all known vascular plant species. and a variety of additions over the subsequent decades and a change in status in 1967 to National Park have increased Location, Biophysical Setting and History the park to over 690,000 ha. Although much of what is now Kosciusko National Park still retains relatively intact The park is located in the Southern Tablelands Botanical vegetation communities and a diverse flora, these past Region of NSW and protects significant areas of the land uses have left a legacy of disturbances from grazing, Australian Alps and South East Highlands Bioregions (IBRA clearing, logging and altered fire regimes. One legacy of 2004). The geology of the region is complex (see Bureau of these disturbances has been the establishment of populations Mineral Resources, 1990), but more than half of the reserve of exotic plant species, naturalised either from the grazing consists of Silurian and Devonian granitic rocks, particularly era or resulting from plantings and introductions during the in the higher southern parts of the park, which have displaced mining and hydroelectric development periods. Ordovician sediments to the west and to the east. A mixture of

Methods Table 1. Modelled climatic ranges in Kosciuszko National Park (BIOCLIM 30 sec resolution) (Hijmans et al. 2005). Thompson & Gray (1981) was used as the starting point for the list compilation. Collections were then examined from Australian herbaria via Australia’s Virtual Herbarium Climate Variable Range http://avh.chah.org.au/, and the Waste Point Herbarium, Kosciuszko National Park, maintained by the New South Mean annual temperature 2.4–13.3°C Wales Office of Environment and Heritage. Taxa included Mean temperature of coldest month -5.5–0.8°C in the list were primarily from herbarium specimens, but a Mean temperature of warmest month 13.8–29.6°C small number of species were added based on authoritative sources where no specimen had been lodged (see Appendix Mean annual precipitation 590–2720mm 1). The list is current as of June 2014. Data on origin and Mean precipitation of driest month 34–128mm use of alien species were obtained from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (http://www.ars-grin.gov/), Mean precipitation of wettest month 62–297mm accessed in August 2013. After compilation and vetting of Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park 15

Fig. 1. Map of Floristic zones in Kosciuszko National Park. 16 Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park

Table 2. Floristic Zones in Kosciuszko National Park based on McRae (1989) and Good (1992), indicating area of each zone and sampling intensity of all vegetation surveys undertaken within it.

Floristic Zone Area (ha) Area (as % Full Floristic Plot Density of KNP) Plots (No.) per 10,000 ha Lower Snowy < 700m (Dry Woodlands and Open Forests) 48200 7 46 9 Tableland Forest 400-1000m (Dry – Moist Forests) 186706 27 138 7 Montane Forest 1000m- 1400m (Moist – Wet Forests) 228743 33 239 10 Subalpine Snowgum 1400-1800m (Moist Woodlands and Open Forests) 139967 20 123 9 Subalpine/Montane Treeless < 1800m (Grasslands, Bogs, Fens and Heathlands) 62165 9 211 34 Alpine > 1800m (Herbfields, Feldmark, Grasslands, Bogs, Fens and Heathlands) 24879 4 148 59

Table 3. Number of native taxa in Kosciuszko National Park by taxonomic group and showing Dicot:Monocot ratios and taxa per 10,000 ha by whole of park and in relation to the area of each floristic zone separately.

Whole of Lower Snowy Tableland Forest Montane Forest Subalpine Snow- Subalpine/Montane Alpine Park <700m <1000m 1000–1400m gum 1400-1800m Treeless <1800m >1800m

Total Taxa 1105 253 464 475 301 436 240

Ferns & Fern Allies 35 8 15 15 5 10 7 Gymnosperms 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 Monocots 302 59 115 118 76 138 74 Dicots 765 184 332 340 218 286 158

Dicot:Monocot Ratio 2.5:1 3.1:1 2.9:1 2.8:1 2.8:1 2.1:1 2.1:1

Taxa Per 10,000 ha 16 52 25 21 21 70 96

the list for taxonomic consistency and current accepted name Native Flora Summary using the Australian Plant Census (http://www.anbg.gov.au/ chah/apc/), taxa were assigned to broad floristic zones based The native flora consists of 1105 taxa: 35 ferns and fern on McRae (1989) and Good (1992) (Figure 1; Table 2), allies; 3 conifers; 765 dicots and 302 monocots. The using descriptive habitat information on herbarium labels, highest numbers of native taxa occur in the mid altitudes vegetation plot data held by Office of Environment and (400-1800m) in the Tableland Forest, Montane Forest, and Heritage, incidental records, relevant publications, or from Subalpine/Montane Treeless plains, followed by Subalpine personal knowledge. Snowgum and Alpine zones, with the lowest number of taxa recorded in the Lower Snowy zone (Table 3). Approximately 70% of the native taxa are dicots and overall, the ratio of Results dicots to monocots is approximately 2.5:1. This ratio is higher in forest communities (2.9:1) than in alpine and The current total recorded vascular flora for KNP is 1435 taxa, subalpine treeless communities (2.1:1), where the diversity of which 1105 taxa (77%) are native and 330 taxa (23%) are and proportion of grasses and sedges increases. As a function alien, excluding cultivated taxa (Appendix 2). Based on 1990 of taxa per unit area, the Subalpine snowgum and Alpine data for the vascular flora of NSW, Kosciuszko National Park zones have a significantly higher density of taxa per unit hosts 24% (1105 / 4677) of the NSW native vascular flora areas than the forested zones, apart from the Lower Snowy and 26% (330 / 1253) of the NSW alien flora (http ://www. zone where taxa per unit area is also high (Table 3). anbg.gov.au/aust-veg/australian-flora-statistics.html). The Approximately 70% of taxa occur in only one or two floristic totals to date reflect both opportunistic and targeted non plot zones in KNP (Table 4). This implies a strong environmental sampling as well as sampling undertaken during plot based sorting of species and reflects the strong altitudinal gradients vegetation studies. However, plot sampling in relation to the found in the park. Only 4 species occur in all 6 floristic aerial extent of each floristic zone (Table 2) shows a strong zones. More than 50% of the native taxa are perennial forbs, bias towards treeless areas. With a maximum sampling 30% are shrubs or woody twiners and only 9% are perennial density of 59 plots and a minimum of 7 plots per 10,000 ha, grasses (Table 5). Other life forms only constitute small this indicates a very low number of plot samples in forested numbers of taxa, with 4.2% being annual or biennial forbs areas in KNP relative to the extent of these vegetation types. Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park 17

Table 5. Number of native taxa in Kosciuszko National Park by life form.

TOTAL Annual/Biennial Forb Annual Grass Perennial Forb Perennial Grass Shrub/Woody Twiner Tree

Number 1105 40 7 592 98 330 38 Percentage 100 3.6 0.6 53.5 8.9 30.0 3.4

Table 6. Ten most numerous native plant families and genera in Kosciuszko National Park with number of taxa shown in brackets.

Rank Dicot Families Monocot Families Dicot Genera Monocot Genera

1 Asteraceae (159) Poaceae (100) Eucalyptus (31) Carex (21) 2 Fabaceae (88) Orchidaceae (75) Acacia (30) Pterostylis (19) (Faboideae 58; Mimosoideae 30) 3 Myrtaceae (52) Cyperaceae (56) Senecio (23) Rytidosperma (18) 4 Ericaceae (28) Juncaceae (25) Olearia (21) Juncus (16) Ranunculus (21) Poa (16) 5 Ranunculaceae (26) Asparagaceae (8) Brachyscome (16) Deyeuxia (12) 6 Proteaceae (22) Hemerocalidaceae (6) Pimelea (15) Isolepis (11) 7 Plantaginaceae (20) Colchicaceae (3) Craspedia (13) Thelymitra (10) Hypoxidaceae (3) Potamogetonaceae (3) 8 Rutaceae (19) Asphodelaceae (2) Geranium (11) Luzula (9) Asteliaceae (2) Pomaderris (11) Prasophyllum (9) Iridaceae (2) Pultenaea (11) Restionaceae (2) 9 Apiaceae (18) Luzuriagaceae (1) Leptospermum (10) Agrostis (8) Xanthorrhoeaceae (1) Grevillea (10) Lamiaceae (18) 10 Rubiaceae (17) Veronica (9) Dichelachne (6) Wahlenbergia (9)

and grasses, and 3.4% being trees. Although trees dominate There are 25 species of vascular plant that are endemic to much of the vegetated area of KNP, their diversity is low. KNP and all but one of these (Haloragis milesiae) occur in the alpine and treeless zones. A further 86 species have The largest number of native taxa in a dicot family is found their NSW occurrences confined to KNP. Many of the 24 in the Asteraceae (159), with large numbers also in the endangered or vulnerable species found within KNP also Fabaceae (88 taxa) and the Myrtaceae (52 taxa). The largest have their main occurrences in treeless subalpine and number of taxa in a monocot family is found in the Poaceae alpine vegetation (Table 8). An additional 105 species are (100 taxa), with large numbers also in the Orchidaceae (75) at the limits of their geographic distribution, have disjunct and Cyperaceae (56). At the generic level, the largest number occurrences in KNP or are uncommon in the Alps (Table 9) of taxa within a single dicot genus is found in Eucalyptus and these occur across a range of floristic zones. One species, (31 taxa) with Acacia also having a similar number (30). Euphrasia scabra, is listed as presumed extinct in KNP Monocot genera have their largest diversity in Carex (21 although it occurs elsewhere in NSW. It was last collected in taxa) and Pterostylis (19 taxa) (Table 6). KNP at Yarrangobilly Caves in 1897. Additionally, although Certain genera are characteristically found in montane or Irenepharsus magicus is listed as Endangered, the last and cold environments. Kosciuszko National Park conserves only collection of this species in KNP was in the Geehi area more than half of the taxa found in each of 26 NSW in 1954, so it too may be extinct in KNP. montane or cold climate genera: 11 Australasian, 5 southern hemisphere and 10 cosmopolitan, and all of the taxa that occur in the genera Aciphylla, Argyrotegium, Parantennaria and Botrychium. (Table 7). 18 Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park

Alien Flora Summary Table 7. Genera with more than half of NSW taxa in Kosciuszko National Park. The alien flora of Kosciuszko National Park comprises 365 taxa, 35 of which are regarded as in cultivation only (and mostly found in Thredbo ski village in the Subalpine Genus Taxa in Taxa in Taxa in Snowgum zone). The following results include only the 330 KNP NSW Australia non-cultivated taxa. The highest number of alien taxa was recorded at mid 1) Australasian genera with greatest diversity in montane or cold altitudes in tableland forest, montane forest and snow gum environments woodland; the fewest taxa were recorded in the alpine zone. Aciphylla (Apiaceae) 2 2 2 About three-quarters of alien taxa are dicots (Table 10). Acrothamnus (Ericaceae) 3 3 4 There are very few gymnosperms except at mid elevations Argyrotegium (Asteraceae) 4 4 4 where most have naturalised from plantations grown before the area was reserved for nature conservation. Celmisia (Asteraceae) 4 5 9 Craspedia (Asteraceae) 13 14 26 Almost half the alien taxa are annuals and the proportion of annuals generally decreases with altitude; in the alpine zone Dichosciadium (Apiaceae) 1 1 2 only 24% are annuals (Fig. 2). Grasses make up 25% of the Ewartia (Asteraceae) 1 1 4 alien flora. The proportion of alien perennial grasses increases Parantennaria (Asteraceae) 1 1 1 with altitude with almost 33% of alien taxa in the alpine zone Rhytidosporum 3 5 5 being perennial grasses. The proportion of alien woody taxa (Pittosporaceae) is highest in montane forest. Most alien taxa are of European Richea (Ericaceae) 1 1 12 or Asian origin; the proportion of taxa with European or Asian is highest in treeless high altitude zones (Fig. 3). Taxa Schizeilema (Apiaceae) 1 1 1 from other parts of the world are uncommon although South and Central American taxa make up at least 10% of species 2) Southern hemisphere genera, with greatest diversity in montane or cold environments (also Hawaii for Oreomyrrhis and Pacific area for in the lowest zones. Of taxa with a recorded use, most have Astelia) been used as ornamentals; the proportions of ornamental and human use alien taxa are greatest in mid elevations where Abrotanella (Asteraceae) 1 1 3 there is human habitation and historic timber plantations; the Astelia (Asteliaceae) 2 2 5 proportion of taxa used for agricultural purposes generally Carpha (Cyperaceae) 2 2 4 increases with altitude (Fig. 4). The best represented families Colobanthus 4 5 10 in the alien flora are Poaceae (63 taxa), Asteraceae (39 taxa), (Caryophyllaceae) Fabaceae (28 taxa), Caryophyllaceae (22 taxa), Rosaceae (19 taxa) and Brassicaceae (18 taxa). Oreomyrrhis (Apiaceae) 5 5 7

3) Cosmopolitan genera, with high diversity in montane or cold environments Botrychium 2 2 2 (Ophioglossaceae) Cardamine (Brassicaceae) 7 10 15 Deschampsia (Poaceae) 1 1 4 Erigeron (Asteraceae) 5 5 10 Euchiton (Asteraceae) 6 6 9 Luzula (Juncaceae) 9 12 19 Poa (Poaceae) 16 25 40 Ranunculus (Ranunculaceae) 22 31 45 Scleranthus 5 8 8 (Caryophyllaceae) Uncinia (Cyperaceae) 5 7 7 Fig. 2. Proportion of alien taxa in each zone by life form. The data are plotted as line graphs for ease of comparison between life forms and zones; zones are approximately correlated with altitude. Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park 19

Table 8. Endemic, geographically restricted and threatened plant species in Kosciuszko National Park.

CE – Critically Endangered; E = Endangered; V = Vulnerable. EPBC = Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999; TSC = Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995

Taxon Common Name Endemic NSW Ocurrences Threat To Knp Confined To Knp Status

Abrotanella nivigena (F.Muell) F.Muell. ex Benth. Snow-wort √ Aciphylla glacialis (F.Muell.) Benth Mountain Celery √ Acrothamnus maccraei (F.Muell.) Quinn √ Agrostis joyceae S.W.L.Jacobs Hair Bent √ Agrostis thompsoniae S.W.L.Jacobs Alpine Bent √ Almaleea capitata (J.H.Willis) Crisp & P.H.Weston Slender Parrot-pea √ Argyrotegium fordianum (M.Gray) J.M.Ward & Breitw. Soft Cottonleaf √ Argyrotegium mackayi (Buchanon) J.M.Ward & Breitw. Silver Cudweed √ Argyrotegium nitidulum (Hook.f.) J.M.Ward & Breitw. Shining Cudweed √ V (EPBC, TSC) Asperula polymera I.Thomps. √ Astelia alpina var. novae-hollandiae Skottsb. Pineapple Grass √ Astelia psychrocharis F.Muell. Kosciuszko Pineapple Grass √ Astrotricha sp. Suggan Buggan (J. Turner 211) Vic. Herbarium √ Bertya findlayi F.Muell Mountain Bertya √ Brachyscome sp. alpine herbfields (A.C.Beauglehole 40875) √ P.S.Short Brachyscome stolonifera G.L.R.Davis Spreading Daisy √ Brachyscome tadgellii Tovey & P.Morris Tadgell’s Daisy √ Calotis glandulosa F.Muell. Mauve Burr-Daisy V (EPBC, TSC) Calotis pubescens (F.Muell. ex Benth.) N.G.Walsh & Max Mueller’s Burr-daisy √ Extant occurrences E (TSC) K.L.McDougall confined to KNP Carex archeri Boott Archer’s Carex √ E (TSC) Carex canescens L. Short Sedge √ Carex hypandra F.Muell. ex Benth. Alpine Fen-sedge √ Carex jackiana Boott Carpet Sedge √ Carex raleighii Nelmes Raleigh Sedge (√) Bulk of NSW E (TSC) Occurrences in KNP Carpha alpina R.Br. Small Flower-rush √ Carpha nivicola F.Muell. Broad-leaf Flower-rush √ Chiloglottis cornuta Hook.f. Green Bird Orchid √ Chionochloa frigida (Vickery) Conert Robust Wallaby Grass √ Colobanthus affinins(Hook.) Hook.f. √ Colobanthus curtisiae J.G.West Curtis’ Colobanth √ V (EPBC) Colobanthus pulvinatus F.Muell. Hard cushion-plant √ Coprosma niphophila Orchard √ Coprosma nivalis W.R.B.Oliver Snow Coprosma √ Coprosma perpusilla Colenso subsp. perpusilla Creeping Coprosma √ Correa lawrenceana Hook. var. latrobeana Mountain Correa √ (F.Muell. ex Hannaford) Paul G.Wilson Craspedia alba J.Everett & Joy Thompson White Billy-buttons √ Craspedia costiniana J.Everett & Joy Thompson √ Craspedia leucantha F.Muell. √ Craspedia maxgrayi J.Everett & Joy Thompson Woolly Billy-buttons √ Cystopteris tasmanica Hook. Brittle Bladder-fern √ Dichosciadium ranunculaceum √ (F.Muell. ex Hook.) Domin var. ranunculaceum Diplaspis nivis Van den Borre & Henwood Snow Pennywort √ Discaria nitida Tortosa Shining Anchor Plant (√) Bulk of NSW V (TSC) Occurrences in KNP Diuris ochroma D.L.Jones Pale Golden Moths V (EPBC), E (TSC) Drosera arcturi Hook. Alpine Sundew √ Epacris glacialis (F.Muell.) M.Gray Reddish Bog-heath √ Epilobium tasmanicum Hausskn. Snow Willow-herb √ Erigeron conyzoides F. Muell. Daisy Fleabane √ Erigeron setosus (Benth.) M.Gray √ Eucalyptus chapmaniana Cameron Bogong Gum √ Eucalyptus saxatilis J.B.Kirkp. & Brooker Suggan Buggan Mallee √ E (TSC) Euphrasia alsa F.Muell. Dwarf Eye-bright √ Euphrasia collina subsp. glacialis (Wettst.) W.R.Barker √ Euphrasia collina subsp. lapidosa W.R.Barker √ 20 Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park

Taxon Common Name Endemic NSW Ocurrences Threat To Knp Confined To Knp Status

Euphrasia scabra R.Br. E (TSC) Presumed Extinct in KNP Euphrasia sp. 3 (Ramshead Range) sensu W.R.Barker (1982) √ Ewartia nubigena (F.Muell.) Beauverd Silver Ewartia √ Galium roddii Ehrend. & McGill. √ Genoplesium turfosum D.L.Jones √ Gentianella muelleriana subsp. alpestris (L.G.Adams) Glenny √ Gentianella polysperes (L.G.Adams) Glenny Early Forest-gentian √ Gentianella sylvicola (L.G.Adams) Glenny Late Forest-gentian √ Geranium sessiliflorumCav. √ Gingidia algens (F.Muell.) J.W.Dawson √ Glycine latrobeana (Meisn.) Benth. Clover Glycine √ V (EPBC) Haloragis milesiae Peter G. Wilson & Makinson √ Herpolirion novae-zelandiae Hook.f. Sky Lily √ Hierochloe submutica F.Muell. Alpine Holy-grass √ Hovea sp. aff. heterophylla sensu McDougall & Walsh (2007) √ Irenepharsus magicus Hewson Elusive Cress √ E (TSC) Juncus antarcticus Hook.f. Cushion Rush √ Kelleria dieffenbachii (Hook.) Endl. √ Leucochrysum albicans (A. Cunn.) subsp. albicans var. tricolor E (EPBC) (DC.) Paul G. Wilson Luzula acutifolia subsp. nana Edgar √ Muehlenbeckia diclina subsp. Gippsland (R.O.Makinson 1007) Weeping Lignum √ Nematolepis ovatifolia (F.Muell.) Paul G.Wilson √ Olearia sp. Rhizomatica (I.R. Telford 11549) √ Olearia stenophylla N.G.Walsh Happy Jacks Daisy Bush √ Oreomyrrhis brevipes Mathias & Constance Branched Carraway √ Oreomyrrhis pulvinifica F.Muell. Cushion Carraway √ Orites lancifolius F.Muell. Alpine Orites √ Oschatzia cuneifolia (F. Muell.) Drude Wedge Oschatzia √ Pelargonium helmsii Carolin Alpine Stork’s-bill √ Pentachondra pumila (Forster & Forster f.) R.Br. Carpet Heath √ Phebalium glandulosum subsp. riparium R.L.Giles Snowy River Phebalium √ Phebalium squamulosum subsp. alpinum (Benth.) Paul Alpine Phebalium √ G.Wilson Pimelea alpina F.Muell. ex Meisn. Alpine Rice Flower √ Pimelea axiflora subsp. alpina (Benth.) Threlfall Alpine Bootlace-bush √ Plantago alpestris B.G.Briggs, Carolin & Pulley Veined Plantain √ Plantago glacialis B.G.Briggs, Carolin & Pulley Small Star Plantain √ Plantago muelleri Pilger Star Plantain √ Poa orthoclada N.G.Walsh Avon Tussock-grass √ Podolepis sp. N.E. Alps (N.G.Walsh 5964) Vic. Herbarium √ Pomaderris cotoneaster N.A.Wakef. Cotoneaster Pomaderris E (EPBC, TSC) Pomaderris pallida N.A.Wakef. Pale Pomaderris V (EPBC, TSC) Prasophyllum innubum D.L. Jones CE (EPBC, TSC) Prasophyllum retroflexum D.L.Jones Congested Leek Orchid √ V (TSC) Psychrophila introloba (F.Muell.) W.A.Weber Alpine Marsh-marigold √ Pterostylis crassicaulis (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh. √ Pterostylis dubia R.Br √ Pterostylis oreophila Clemesha Blue-tongue Greenhood CE (EPBC), E (TSC) Ranunculus acrophilus B.G.Briggs √ Ranunculus anemoneus F.Muell. Anemone Buttercup √ V (EPBC, TSC) Ranunculus clivicola B.G.Briggs √ Ranunculus dissectifolius F.Muell. ex Benth. √ Ranunculus muelleri Benth. Felted Buttercup √ Ranunculus niphophilus B.G.Briggs Snow Buttercup √ Rutidosis leiolepis F.Muell. Monaro Golden Daisy V (EPBC, TSC) Rytidosperma australe (Petrie) Southern Sheep-grass √ Clayton & Renvoize ex Connor & Edgar Rytidosperma nivicola (Vickery) Connor & Edgar Snow Wallaby-grass √ Rytidosperma pumilum (Kirk) Clayton & Renvoize Feldmark Grass √ V (EPBC, TSC) ex Connor & Edgar Rytidosperma vickeryae M.Gray & H.P.Linder Perisher Wallaby-grass √ E (TSC) Schizeilema fragoseum (F.Muell.) Domin Alpine Pennywort √ Schoenus calyptratus Kuk. Alpine Bog Rush √ Senecio longipilus I.Thomps. Longhair Fireweed √ Stackhousia pulvinaris F.Muell. Alpine Stackhousia √ Thesium australe R.Br. Austral Toadflax V (EPBC, TSC) Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park 21

Taxon Common Name Endemic NSW Ocurrences Threat To Knp Confined To Knp Status

Trisetum spicatum subsp. australiense Hulten ex Veldkamp Bristle Grass √ Uncinia compacta R.Br. Compact Hook-sedge √ Uncinia sinclairii Boott √ Uncinia sulcata K.L.Wilson Small Hook-sedge √ Veronica densifolia (F.Muell.) F.Muell. √ Veronica nivea Lindl. Milfoil Speedwell √ Wahlenbergia densifolia Loth. Fairy Bluebell √ Xerochrysum palustre (Flann) R.J.Bayer Swamp Everlasting V (EPBC)

TOTALS 25 86 24

Table 9. Species at distributional limits, with disjunct occurrences, or uncommon in the Alps in Kosciuszko National Park.

Taxon Common Name Conservation Significance

Acacia brownii (Poiret) Steudel Heath Wattle Disjunct occurrence Acacia dallachiana F.Muell. Catkin Wattle Northern and Eastern limit Acacia deanei (R.Baker) Welch et al. subsp. paucijuga (F.Muell. ex Green Wattle Disjunct occurrence in lower Snowy River N.A.Wakef.)Tind. Acacia doratoxylon A.Cunn. Currawang Disjunct occurrence in lower Snowy River Acacia floribunda(Vent.) Willd. White Sally Wattle Disjunct occurrence in lower Snowy River Astrotricha linearis A.Cunn. Ex Benth. sens lat. Narrow-leaved Star-hair Uncommon in the Alps Australopyrum pectinatum (Labill.) A.Löve Comb Wheat Grass Uncommon in the Alps Baeckea latifolia (Benth.) A.R.Bean Subalpine Baeckea Uncommon in the Alps Banksia canei J.H.Willis Mountain Banksia Northern limit Bertya riparia Halford & R.J.F.Hend Uncommon in the Alps Blechnum chambersii Tindale Lance Water Fern Uncommon in the Alps Brachyscome obovata G.L.R.Davis Baw Baw Daisy Northern limit Callitriche umbonata Hegelm. Winged Water-starwort Eastern limit Callitris glaucophylla Joy Thompson & L. A. S. Johnson White Cypress Pine Disjunct occurrence in lower Snowy River Calotis anthemoides F.Muell. Cut-leaved Burr-daisy Uncommon in the Alps Cardamine gunnii Hewson Lilac Bitter-cress Uncommon in the Alps Cassinia laevis R.Br. Cough Bush Disjunct occurrence Cassinia monticola Orchard Mountain Cassinia Northern limit Cassinia ochracea Orchard Northern and Southern limit Celmisia pugioniformis M.Gray & Given Northern limit Chenopodium desertorum (J.Black) J.Black subsp. microphyllum Disjunct occurrence in lower Snowy River Paul G.Wilson Chiloglottis turfosa D.L.Jones Western limit Convolvulus graminetinus R.W.Johnson Grassland Bindweed Uncommon in the Alps Corysanthes hispida (D.L.Jones) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Bristly Helmet Orchid Uncommon in the Alps Craspedia coolaminica J.Everett & Joy Thompson Northern limit Cyphanthera albicans (A.Cunn.) Miers subsp. albicans Grey Ray Flower Disjunct occurrence in lower Snowy River Deyeuxia affinis M.Gray Allied Bent-grass Northern limit Deyeuxia microseta Vickery Uncommon in the Alps Dicksonia antarctica Labill. Soft Tree Fern Uncommon in the Alps Dillwynia palustris Jobson & P.H.Weston Uncommon in the Alps Diuris subalpina D.L.Jones Western limit Drosera binata Labill. Forked Sundew Uncommon in the Alps Elaeocarpus holopetalus F.Muell. Black Oliveberry Disjunct occurrence Epacris celata Crowden Cryptic Heath Northern limit Epacris impressa Labill. Common Heath Disjunct occurrence Epacris robusta Benth. Round-leaf Heath Western limit Eriochilus magenteus D.L.Jones Southern and Western Limit Eucalyptus albens Benth. White Box Disjunct occurrence in lower Snowy River Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. River Red Gum Eastern edge of Distribution Eucalyptus fastigata Deane & Maiden Brown Barrel Western limit Eucalyptus lacrimans L.A.S.Johnson & K.Hill Weeping Snow Gum Northern, Southern and Western Limit Eucalyptus ovata Labill. Swamp Gum Uncommon in the Alps 22 Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park

Taxon Common Name Conservation Significance

Eucalyptus rossii R.Baker & H.G.Sm. Inland Scribbly Gum Southern limit Euryomyrtus denticulata (Maiden & Betche) Trudgen Northern and Western Limit Gingidia harveyana (F. Muell.) J. W.Dawson Slender Gingidia Northern limit Gleichenia microphylla R.Br. Scrambling Coral Fern Uncommon in the Alps Glossostigma diandrum (L.) Kuntze Spoon-leaf Mud-mat Southern limit Glycine microphylla (Benth.) Tindale Small-leaf Glycine Uncommon in the Alps Gompholobium minus Sm. Dwarf Wedge Pea Southern limit Goodia lotifolia Salisb. Golden Tip Uncommon in the Alps Grevillea parvula Molyneux & Stajsic Genoa Grevillea Uncommon in the Alps Hakea eriantha R.Br. Tree Hakea Uncommon in the Alps Hovea rosmarinifolia A.Cunn. Mountain Beauty Uncommon in the Alps Huperzia australiana (Herter) Holub Fir Clubmoss Northern limit Hybanthus vernonii (F.Muell.) F.Muell. subsp. vernonii Erect Violet Disjunct occurrence Isolepis producta (C.B.Clarke) K.L.Wilson Nutty Club-rush Uncommon in the Alps Leptospermum polygalifolium Salisb. subsp. polygalifolium Tantoon Teatree Western limit Leucopogon gelidus (F.Muell. ex Benth.) N.A.Wakef. Northern limit Logania granitica A.J.Whalen & B.J.Conn Western limit Malva preissiana Miq. Native Hollyhock Disjunct occurrence Mirbelia pungens A.Cunn. ex G.Don Prickly Mirbelia Uncommon in the Alps Myriophyllum salsugineum Orchard Lake Water-milfoil Uncommon in NSW Nicotiana suaveolens Lehm. Native Tobacco Disjunct occurrence in lower Snowy River Notelaea ligustrina Vent. Privet Mock-olive Uncommon in the Alps Olearia aglossa (Maiden & Betche) Lander Alpine Daisy-bush Northern limit Oreomyrrhis argentea Hook.f. Silver Carraway Northern limit Parsonsia brownii (Britten) Pichon Mountain Silkpod Uncommon in the Alps Patersonia sericea var. longifolia (R.Br.) C.Moore & Betche Purple Flag Disjunct occurrence Pelargonium rodneyanum Mitch. ex Lindl Magenta Storksbill Uncommon in the Alps Persoonia confertiflora Benth. Cluster-flower Geebung Northern limit Persoonia silvatica L.A.S.Johnson Forest Geebung Western limit Pimelea bracteata Threlfall Rice Flower Eastern and Southern Limit Pimelea curvifloravar. acuta Threlfall Western limit Plantago antarctica Decne. Mountain Plantain Northern limit Poa hookeri Vickery Hooker’s Tussock-grass Northern limit Poa petrophila Vickery Rock Tussock-grass Northern limit Polystichum formosum Tind. Broad Shield Fern Uncommon in the Alps Pomaderris lanigera (Andrews) Sims Woolly Pomaderris Uncommon in the Alps Pomaderris ledifolia A.Cunn. Sydney Pomaderris Western limit Prostanthera hirtula F.Muell. Ex. Benth. Hairy Mintbush Uncommon in the Alps Pterostylis aneba D.L.Jones Northern limit Pterostylis foliata Hook.f. Slender Greenhood Northern limit Pterostylis melagramma D.L.Jones Northern limit Pterostylis multiflora (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh. Southern and Western Limit Pultenaea blakelyi Joy Thomps Blakely’s Bush-pea Uncommon in the Alps Pultenaea fasciculata Benth. Bundled Bush Pea Northern limit Pultenaea microphylla Sieber ex DC. Spreading Bush-pea Disjunct and Near Southern Limit Ranunculus diminutus B.G.Briggs Brackish Plains Buttercup Uncommon in the Alps Ranunculus gunnianus Hook. Gunns Alpine Buttercup Northern and Eastern Limit Rhytidosporum alpinum McGillivray Southern and Western Limit Ricinocarpos bowmanii F.Muell Western Wedding Bush Southern limit Rytidosperma oreophilum H.P.Linder & N.G.Walsh Mountain Wallaby-grass Northern limit Rytidosperma semiannulare (Labill.) Connor & Edgar Tasmanian Wallaby-grass Uncommon in the Alps Rytidosperma setaceum (R.Br.) Connor & Edgar Smallflower Wallaby-grass Uncommon in the Alps Salsola australis R.Br. Russian Tumbleweed Disjunct occurrence in lower Snowy River Salsola tragus L. subsp. tragus Slender Saltwort Disjunct occurrence in lower Snowy River Scleranthus singuliflorus (F.Muell.) Mattf. Mossy Knawel Northern limit Senecio glabrescens (DC.) Sch. Bip. Smooth Fireweed Eastern limit Solanum linearifolium Geras. ex Symon Mountain Kangaroo Apple Disjunct occurrence in lower Snowy River Sphaerolobium vimineum Sm. Leafless Globe-pea Disjunct occurrence Sticherus urceolatus M.Garrett & Kantvilas Silky Fan Fern Uncommon in the Alps Tetratheca ericifolia Sm. Pink Eye Western limit Tetratheca subaphylla Benth. Leafless Pink-bells Disjunct occurrence Tetratheca thymifolia Sm. Thyme Pink-bells Disjunct occurrence Vallisneria nana R.Br Eel Grass Southern limit Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park 23

Table 10. Number of alien taxa in Kosciuszko National Park by each bioclimatic zone (excluding 35 taxa only known from cultivated plants).

All Zones Lower Tableland Montane Subalpine Subalpine/Montane Alpine Snowy Forest Forest Snowgum Treeless

Total Taxa 330 128 114 122 67 80 25 Gymnosperms 14 0 0 12 2 0 0 Monocots 77 31 32 25 13 22 10 Dicots 239 97 82 85 52 58 15

Table 11. Invasive status of alien taxa in Kosciuszko National Park: Casual = apparently not persisting where found but may reinvade; Naturalised = persisting where found but currently largely confined to modified habitat; Invasive 1 = invades native habitat, currently known from < 5 locations; Invasive 2 = invades native habitat, known from > 5 locations, extent < 25% of Park; Invasive 3 = invades native habitat, known from > 5 locations, extent > 25% of Park; Invasive 4 = Invades native habitat; tends to be disruptive and dominate; Unknown = invasive status not known, however these taxa are rare so they are likely to be casual or naturalised. A location is defined for the purposes of this categorisation as being separated from another location by > 1 km. For the ratio, non-invasive includes the casual and naturalised categories.

Invasive status All zones Lower Snowy Tableland Montane Subalpine Subalpine / Alpine Forest Forest Snowgum Montane plains Unknown 79 28 15 9 13 5 0 Casual 13 3 6 7 1 0 2 Naturalised 110 37 45 54 20 20 8 Invasive 1 51 25 15 10 11 12 1 Invasive 2 54 24 19 25 11 26 7 Invasive 3 13 8 10 11 6 11 6 Invasive 4 10 3 4 6 5 6 1

Fig. 3. Proportion of alien taxa in each zone by origin. There were Fig. 4. Proportion of alien taxa in each zone by use. The proportions very few taxa of North American and southern African origin in of taxa with no known use are not shown. The data are plotted as any zone so these are not shown. The data are plotted as line graphs line graphs for ease of comparison between life forms and zones; for ease of comparison between life forms and zones; zones are zones are approximately correlated with altitude. approximately correlated with altitude. 24 Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park

Of the 330 non-cultivated alien taxa, 61% are casual or Discussion naturalised in the sense of Pyšek et al. (2004) (or of unknown invasive status and likely to be casual or naturalised) and more or less confined to disturbed habitat (Table 11). Of the Native Flora taxa that do invade natural vegetation, only 9% (3% of total The large area and diverse habitats found within KNP mean alien taxa) are commonly disruptive (i.e. rapidly spreading that while the park occupies less than 1% of the area of NSW, or highly competitive where established). Most alien taxa it contains representations of nearly 25% of the State’s native are infrequent. Of 56 alien taxa recorded in flora surveys vascular plant taxa. This figure may ultimately increase with prior to 2005, only six were recorded in more than 5% of targeted sampling in future, as some areas of KNP are under- plots (Acetosella vulgaris 43%, Hypochaeris radicata 27%, sampled compared to the alpine and subalpine zones. Trifolium repens 15%, Taraxacum officinale sens. lat. 9%, Cerastium glomeratum 8%, and Cerastium vulgare 7%) Direct comparisons between protected areas are problematic (McDougall et al. 2005). given environmental and historical differences, but given the size of KNP and its representation of the State’s flora, a Six native species (included in the Native Flora Summary brief comparison between KNP and another large temperate section above) are known from highly modified habitat, reserve complex in NSW, the Greater Blue Mountains World especially road verges: Ammobium alatum, Cynodon Heritage Area, is shown below. Interestingly, the number of dactylon, Bothriochloa macra, Helichrysum luteoalbum, native taxa per 10,000 hectares in KNP (16) is similar to that Leucochrysum albicans subsp. albicans var. tricolor, found in the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area Lythrum hyssopifolia. Although they are possibly non-native (15) even though the diversity of vegetation types found in in Kosciuszko National Park, none is currently invasive. GBMWHA is arguably greater e.g. there are almost twice Ammobium alatum appears to be a casual, appearing regularly the number of Myrtaceae and eucalypt taxa per 10,000 on the verges of Kosciuszko Road but not persisting. The hectares in GBMWHA as compared to KNP (Table 12), status of Helichrysum luteoalbum and Lythrum hyssopifolia with many more plant communities resulting. This similar is unknown as they have been recorded rarely. Leucochrysum species richness per unit area may be partially explained by albicans var. tricolor is listed as endangered under the the diversity of alpine and subalpine taxa in KNP balancing EPBC Act 1999. It has spread about 12 km into the park (to the diversity of Myrtaceae, Proteaceae and Fabaceae taxa Connors Hill) along the Snowy Mountains Highway during found in the GBMWHA, but a more detailed comparison the last decade. Bothriochloa macra appears to be spreading of taxa would need to be undertaken to further explore this upwards along many roads and has reached 1400 m asl, an relationship. elevation far above its typical natural populations. As these species are naturally associated with disturbance, and as The majority of taxa in KNP are confined to only one or two climate changes, they may be expected to further increase floristic zones and the implications of this for future climate their distribution and abundance along disturbed edges. change need to be considered. A significant number of taxa However, whether they should in future be regarded as (676) occur in the alpine and treeless areas and although potentially invasive species given their native status remains not all of these species are confined to these floristic zones, a challenging question for park managers. all of the 25 endemic and many of the threatened taxa are. Additionally, 26 genera with their greatest diversity in cold climates have greater than 50% of their taxa in KNP. While taxa above the tree line are extremely limited in where they can move to if conditions change rapidly, taxa in treeless

Table 12. Comparison of areas and selected taxa groups between Kosciuszko National Park (KNP) and the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area (GBMWHA).

Areas and Taxa Groups KNP GBMWHA

Area (ha) 690,660 1,032,649 % of NSW 0.86 1.3 Native taxa 1105 1500 Native taxa per 10,000 ha 16 15 Myrtaceae taxa 52 150 Myrtaceae taxa per 10,000 ha 0.75 1.45 Angophora/Corymbia/Eucalyptus taxa 31 91 Angophora/Corymbia/Eucalyptus taxa per 10,000 ha 0.45 0.88 Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park 25

areas at low to mid altitudes have far more potential to entry vectors will be vital for identifying new alien species move environmentally, especially given the steep gradients threats to the park. It should also enable park managers found in KNP. The large size of KNP and the altitudinal and to identify movements of native taxa, which may also use latitudinal range found within it will provide some measure these corridors. We have identified six New South Wales of buffering against future change at these lower altitudes, native species on road verges that are possibly non-native in but not at higher altitudes. Kosciuszko National Park. Families and genera with the largest number of taxa reflect The high number of alien taxa at mid-altitudes is probably a the two primary environmental patterns found in KNP: the consequence of land use pressure and environmental filters. large tracts of eucalypt forest on the one hand, and the alpine At these altitudes, historic agricultural pressures, tourism and treeless zones on the other. The dicots are dominated development and hydro-electricity construction have been by taxa in the Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Myrtaceae and greatest. Alien species richness tends to decline with altitude the monocots by taxa in the Poaceae, Orchidaceae and in mountains (Seipel et al. 2011). In the alpine zone at least, Cyperaceae. Eucalyptus and Acacia are the most diverse dicot low temperature has probably limited invasion from highly genera reflecting the treed vegetation; Carex, Pterostylis and invaded habitat below, where alien species which have Rytidosperma the most diverse monocot genera reflecting been introduced are less likely to be alpine in their climatic treeless vegetation and bogs. Most of the 86 species with preference. Therefore changes predicted in climate and snow their NSW distributions confined to KNP are species that cover (Hennessey et al. 2003) may make this environment otherwise occur in cold environments further south. more favourable to the establishment of exotic species. The location of KNP along the Great Dividing range and its Unlike the native flora of Kosciuszko National Park, which location between the tablelands and slopes means that many is predominantly perennial, the alien flora is almost equally southern Australian species (106) have their geographical annual and perennial. Most annuals are typically ruderals distributions terminating somewhere in KNP. Many of these of European origin, which are effective colonisers of bare are northern limits of cooler climate species but there are ground globally. In KNP, they are found mostly on road also limital and disjunct occurrences of species that normally verges and disturbances associated with huts, ski resorts and occur further west or else tablelands or near coastal species hydro works. Alien species richness on these sites declines that have outlying populations on the east side of KNP. sharply within metres of the boundary with natural vegetation (Seipel et al. 2011), suggesting that most ruderals are not Alien Flora competitive with native taxa. The uses of the alien flora are consistent with their distribution within KNP. Ornamental Considering the long and varied post-European land use in taxa are more frequently found in mid-elevation vegetation KNP – since the mid 1800s and including stock grazing, zones, which have historically had garden plantings in hydro-electricity construction and tourism – it is not surprising ski resorts and hydro villages. Of taxa with a known use, that a large number of alien taxa have been recorded (c. 26% perennial grasses used for fodder, pasture and erosion control of all alien taxa in NSW). In relation to reserve size, the alien dominate in the alpine zone. Woody alien species are most flora of KNP is within the range of invasion of mountain frequent in montane forest; many are conifers and were part protected areas globally (Kueffer et al. 2013). However, the of a plantation at Jounama near the Yarrangobilly River. number of alien taxa has increased greatly since the 1950s Five families comprising more than half the alien flora (Bear, Hill & Pickering 2006) and new alien taxa continue of KNP (Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, to be introduced. Much of the invasion pressure is probably Fabaceae, Poaceae) also make up the majority of the alien associated with vehicles and road corridors. For instance, flora in Australian temperate lowlands (McDougallet al. Mallen-Cooper (1990) germinated 27 species from soil 2011) and globally (Daehler, 1998; Pyšek, 1998). The alien collected in subalpine ski resort car parks that did not occur flora of a mountainous area such as KNP tends to be a subset in the surrounding area. Twenty of these had not previously of the surrounding lowland area suggesting that the upland been recorded at such high elevation. Almost 30 years after alien flora is a product of ecological filtering of lowland this work was performed, only two of these species can be alien flora (Alexander et al. 2011). Nonetheless, the KNP commonly found in the vicinity of these ski resorts (Trifolium alien flora contains some species that are only found at high dubium and Trifolium glomeratum). In a recent re-survey of altitude in NSW (e.g. Hieracium aurantiacum and Spiraea permanent plots along road verges in KNP associated with x billiardii). Some have therefore bypassed the normal a global monitoring program (Seipel et al. 2011), 32 alien introduction pathway, probably escaping from gardens of taxa were recorded that had not been found in the same Hydro settlements. plots five years previously; 25 of these were new records for KNP (McDougall, Walsh and Wright, unpublished data). A small number of alien taxa are invasive and commonly However, 14 alien taxa that had been recorded in 2006 / 07 disruptive in natural vegetation in KNP and, judging by were not located in the same plots in 2011 / 12. The roads their low frequency in available plot data, most are only and car parks of KNP are clearly testing grounds for new locally abundant. There may therefore still be an opportunity alien taxa. While there is considerable turnover of alien taxa to limit their spread but the park management resources in these disturbed areas and many taxa do not persist; the being consumed by the worst of them limits investment in number that do persist across the large network of roads other management strategies (e.g. prevention). Based on and trails is unknown. Monitoring of alien taxa along these 26 Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park

our observations of rate of spread, competitive behaviour of these factors will also be critical in managing the impact and area of suitable habitat, the most serious invasive taxa of changing fire regimes on the flora of KNP. in KNP are Anthoxanthum odoratum, Cytisus scoparius, Hieracium aurantiacum, Leucanthemum vulgare and Rubus spp. Control programs are in place for all but A. odoratum. Conclusion Strongly invasive taxa are disproportionately perennial. This is consistent with the findings of Godfreeet al. (2004), who Despite Kosciuszko being the largest, and one of the oldest, suggest that this indicates functional convergence with the National Parks in NSW, its flora has until now not been fully native flora, which is predominantly perennial. Soil seed documented. An understandable focus on the conservation storage of long duration, effective dispersal strategies, rapid importance of alpine and treeless vegetation has masked growth and allelopathic properties provide advantage to the importance of the large tracts of montane and tableland many of these taxa over native taxa. forest communities and their associated floras. We hope that while the alpine and subalpine areas of Kosciuszko will still Strongly invasive taxa should be of special concern in be studied with enthusiasm, there may in future be a wider subalpine / montane treeless plains. While this vegetation appreciation of the large tracts of montane and tablelands contains the highest number of such alien taxa it also has plant communities within the park and a greater emphasis on almost 40% of the native flora of KNP and almost half of its systematic and targeted sampling to more fully document the threatened flora. Despite this, only a small proportion of the flora contained within these vegetation types. In particular, subalpine / montane treeless plains area is currently infested. the low to mid altitude areas including Byadbo Wilderness, Hieracium aurantiacum and Leucanthemum vulgare, two of Pilot Wilderness and forests on the western flanks all require the most aggressively competitive species in that vegetation, further survey effort. are being controlled. Prevention of their spread will be vital for the future integrity of treeless plains. Given predictions While only two species are possibly extinct in KNP, of higher temperatures in the Alps associated with global populations of endangered and vulnerable species and warming (Hennessey et al. 2003), prevention of their small populations of species at their distributional limits movement into the alpine zone will be equally important. occur throughout the park and will need to be monitored and managed in relation to the ongoing impacts associated Threats with resort development, feral herbivores, invasive plant species, pathogens and changing climate and fire regimes. It The coincidence of high areas of plant diversity and plant is well to remember that the emblematic anemone buttercup, conservation significance with areas of historical and current Ranunculus anemoneus, now restricted to Kosciuszko disturbance presents ongoing threats to the protection of plants National Park, has recovered well with management and plant communities in KNP. Legacies of past grazing and intervention and the removal of grazing, but once also burning activities and current impacts from hydroelectric occurred in Victoria, becoming extinct due to grazing development and ski tourism have created many disturbed practices: areas, especially in the upper floristic zones. While many of “Let us examine the lowly forms which blossom on the the most impacted areas have been rehabilitated, there are edge of a small rivulet percolating through the dense sward still many areas in which exotic species require significant of snow-grasses. There, irrigated by the melting snow, are and ongoing control. Further, the overall grazing pressure some endemic Ranunculi, the lovely white-flowered Caltha from large numbers of feral herbivores including horses, introloba, and the yellow-floweredRanunculus Millani deer, rabbits and pigs not only impacts directly on plant and R. Gunnianus; while on the little flat below us, near structure and plant populations, but also provides potential the same watercourse, bloomed the luxuriant Anemoneous for the colonisation and further spread of the pool of alien Ranunculus, or, as it is named, Ranunculus anemoneus, the plant species found in the park. Additionally, projected veritable king among the Australian Ranunculi, its lovely increases in temperature and decreases in rainfall for white petals frequently attaining a length of two inches. It is southern NSW (NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, to be regretted that this lovely plant is fast disappearing from 2011) will have both direct effects on plant communities the summits of our Victorian Mountains, owing to inroads such as favouring heathland over grassland communities made into the native vegetation by stock, as these Alpine (Pickering & Armstrong, 2003) and indirect effects via areas become increasingly occupied from year to year.” increases in fire frequency, potentially changing the structure James Stirling, 1887. Notes on the Flora of Mt. Hotham. Vic. and composition of large tracts of interval sensitive alpine Nat. 4: 72–78. (Original capitalisations retained). ash communities (Bowman et al, 2014). Changes in rainfall and temperature may also favour the spread of pathogens As well as providing a floristic baseline and inventory for such as Phytophthora and Myrtle Rust. While significant Kosciuszko National Park, it is hoped our list will assist park resources are currently being invested in alien plant and in conservation planning and also form the basis for wider feral animal control, increased monitoring will be required biogeographic comparisons of the flora with other large to effectively evaluate the impact of current containment temperate reserves within and beyond Australia. strategies and to check for new outbreaks. Accurate monitoring of the extent, frequency and severity of planned and unplanned fire and how species respond to combinations Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park 27

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(2002) The flora of Nungar Plain, Callitris columellaris / Eucalyptus albens communities along a treeless sub-alpine frost hollow in Kosciuszko National Park. the Snowy River and its tributaries in south-eastern Australia. Cunninghamia, 7, 601–610. Australian Journal of Botany, 38, 403–432. McDougall, K.L. & Walsh, N.G. (2007) Treeless vegetation of the Clayton-Greene, K.A. & Wimbush, D.J. (1988) Acacia dry scrub Australian Alps. Cunninghamia, 10, 1–57. communities in the Byadbo area of the Snowy Mountains. McDougall K.L., Alexander, J.M., Haider, S., Pauchard, A., Walsh, Cunninghamia, 2, 9–24. N.G., Kueffer, C. (2011) Alien flora of mountains: global Costin, A.B. (1957) The high mountain vegetation of Australia. comparisons for the development of local preventive measures Australian Journal of Botany, 5, 173–189. against plant invasions. Diversity and Distributions, 17, 103– Costin, A.B. (1968) Alpine ecosystems of the Australian region. 111. In: Arctic and Alpine Environments. Proceedings VII Congress McRae, R. (1989) Explanatory Notes for the 1:100,000 Scale International Association for Quaternary Research, Boulder- Vegetation Map for Kosciusko National Park and Surrounds. Denver, Colorado, August 14–September 19, 1965 (eds H.E. NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Queanbeyan. Wright & W.H. Osburn), pp. 55–87. Indiana University Press, NSW Office of Environment and Heritage (2011) New South Wales Bloomington. Climate Impact Profile Technical Report: Potential Impacts Costin, A.B. (1981) Alpine and sub-alpine vegetation. Australian of Climate Change on Biodiversity. pp. 210. NSW Office of Vegetation (ed. R.H. Groves), pp. 361–376. Cambridge Environment and Heritage, Sydney. University Press, Cambridge. Pickering, C.M. & Armstrong, T. (2003) The potential impact of Costin, A.B., Gray, M., Totterdell, C.J. & Wimbush, D.J. (2000) climate change on plant communities in the Kosciuszko alpine Kosciuszko Alpine Flora, 2nd edn. CSIRO / Collins, Sydney. zone. The Victorian Naturalist, 120, 15–24. Daehler, C.C. (1998) The taxonomic distribution of invasive Pulsford, I.F., Banks, J.C.G. & Hodges, L. (1993) Land use angiosperm plants: ecological insights and comparison to history of the white cypress pine forests in the Snowy valley, agricultural weeds. Biological Conservation 84, 167–180. Kosciusko National Park. Australia’s Ever Changing Forests II Doherty, M.D., Robertson, G., Corcoran, D. & Wright, G. (2011) (eds J. Dargavel & S. Feary), pp. 85–104. Centre for Resource Cool temperate rainforest in the Pilot Wilderness Area, and Environmental Studies, Australian National University, Kosciuszko National Park, New South Wales: distribution, Canberra. composition and impact of the 2003 fires.Cunninghamia, 12, Pyšek, P. (1998) Is there a taxonomic pattern to plant invasions? 119–127. Oikos, 82, 282–294. Flood, J. (2010) Moth Hunters of the Australian Capital Territory: Seipel, T., Kueffer, C., Rew,L., Daehler, C.C., Pauchard, A., Naylor, Aboriginal Traditional Life in the Canberra Region. Revised B.J., Alexander, J.M., Parks, C.G., Edwards, P.J., Arevalo Sierra, Ed. Gecko Books, Adelaide. J.R., Cavieres, L., Dietz, H., Jakobs, G., McDougall, K.L., Otto, Gellie, N.J.H. (2005) Native vegetation of the Southern Forests: R., & Walsh, N.G. (2012) Processes at multiple scales affect South-east Highlands, Australian Alps, South-west Slopes and non-native plant species richness and similarity in mountains SE Corner bioregions. Cunninghamia, 9, 219–253. around the world. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 21, 236– Godfree, R., Lepschi, B. & Mallinson, D. (2004) Ecological filtering 246. of exotic plants in an Australian sub-alpine environment. Thompson, J. & Gray, M. (1981) A check-list of the subalpine and Journal of Vegetation Science, 15, 227–236. alpine species found in the Kosciusko region of New South Good, R. (1992) Kosciusko Heritage: the Conservation Significance Wales. Telopea, 2, 299–346. of Kosciusko National Park. National Parks and Wildlife Service of New South Wales, Sydney. 28 Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park

Tindale, N.B. (1974) Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Appendix 1. Plant species list sources other than Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper herbarium specimens. Names. [With an Appendix on Tasmanian Tribes by Rhys Jones]. University of California Press, Berkeley. Williams, R.J., Papst, W.A., McDougall, K.L., Mansergh, I.M., Additional records were obtained through published peer Heinze, D., Camac, J.S., Nash, M.A., Morgan, J.W. & reviewed papers and from recent site data. For newly Hoffmann, A.A. (2014) Alpine Ecosystems. In: Biodiversity described species or for species where the taxonomy is still and Environmental Chang: Monitoring, Challenges and unclear, specialists were consulted including Mark Clements Direction (eds D. Lindenmayer, E. Burns, N. Thurgate & A. (Australian National Herbarium), Neville Walsh and Jeff Lowe), pp. 167 – 212. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. Jeanes (National Herbarium of Victoria). Wimbush, D.J. & Costin, A.B. (1973) Vegetation Mapping in Relation to Ecological Interpretation and Management in the Kosciusko Alpine Area. Division of Plant Industry Technical Code Source Paper No. 32. CSIRO, Melbourne. Wimbush, D.J. & Costin, A.B. (1979a) Trends in vegetation at Kosciusko. I. Grazing trials in the subalpine zone, 1957–1971. A Dr. Mike Austin, CSIRO , Canberra plot data Australian Journal of Botany, 27, 741–787. (1980s–1990s) Wimbush, D.J. & Costin, A.B. (1979b) Trends in vegetation AC Dr. Andrew Claridge, Wildlife Ecologist, NPWS, at Kosciusko. II. Subalpine range transects, 1959–1978. Office of Environment and Heritage Australian Journal of Botany, 27, 789–831. AD Anne Duncan, Volunteer Botanist Wimbush, D.J. & Costin, A.B. (1979c) Trends in vegetation at Atlas Atlas of NSW Wildlife Kosciusko. III. Alpine range transects, 1959–1978. Australian C Clayton-Greene, K.A. & Wimbush, D.J. (1988) Acacia Journal of Botany, 27, 833–871. dry scrub communities in the Byadbo area of the Young, M., Mundy, E. & Mundy, D. (2000) The Aboriginal People Snowy Mountains. Cunninghamia, 2, 9–24. of the Monaro: a Documentary History. NSW National Parks CO Bob Coveny, formerly Botanical Collector, The Royal and Wildlife Service, Sydney. Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, NSW Office of Manuscript accepted 20 January 2015 Environment and Heritage CUR Currango Homestead plant list F CRA (Comprehensive Regional Assessment) data (late 1990s) as part of Regional Forest Agreement process G Genevieve Wright, Flora Ecologist, NPWS, NSW Office of Environment and Heritage J National Parks & Wildlife Service NSW / Forestry Commission NSW. (1983) Harvesting and Rehabilitation of Jounama Pine Plantation, Kosciusko National Park – Environmental Impact Statement. NPWS/FC, Canberra. JB John Benson, formerly Senior Plant Ecologist, The Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, NSW Office of Environment and Heritage K Keith McDougall, NSW Office of Environment and Heritage M MIREN (Mountain Invasion Research Network) MC Mallen-Cooper, J. (1990) Introduced Plants in the High Altitude Environment of Kosciusko National Park, South Eastern Australia. Dept. of Biogeography and Geomorphology, RSPS, ANU, Canberra MCL Mark Clements, Research Scientist, Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, CSIRO, Canberra MD Michael Doherty, Plant Ecologist, CSIRO, Canberra W Waste Point Herbarium, Kosciuszko National Park Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park 29 H H H H H H H H H H H H H M M M Source Alien Status

Legal Status Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ Common Name Quillwort Fir Clubmoss Mountain Clubmoss Mother Spleenwort Necklace Fern Common Spleenwort Bristly Cloak Fern Fern Lance Water Fern Ray Water Fern Soft Water Fern Fishbone Water Fern Alpine Water Fern Hard Water Fern Wing Bat’s Ground Fern Downy Bracken (R.Br.) T.C.Chambers & P.A.Farrant T.C.Chambers (R.Br.) alpina Cav. R.Br. subsp. L. Brownsey & Chinnock Brownsey G.Forst. (G.Forst.) Cockayne (G.Forst.) Tindale (R.Br.) Fee (R.Br.) (Herter) Holub (R.Br.) Lowe ex Salomon ex Lowe (R.Br.) (Thunb.) Sm. (Thunb.) (Labill.) Mett. ex Luerssen (Labill.) Mett. ex Tindale Tindale (R.Br.) Ettingsh. (R.Br.) A.Braun Appendix 2. Vascular Plant Species List for Kosciuszko National Park. Kosciuszko Plant Species List for Vascular 2. Appendix status (state and federal), lien (see conservation across floristic zones, legal and taxa listed under major groupings, with common name, distribution family shows Table of codes; H = Herbarium record). Appendix 1 for explanation of codes) and source record (see for explanation main text Taxon / Family Group (Clubmosses & Quillworts) LYCOPSIDA ISOETACEAE Isoetes muelleri LYCOPODIACEAE Huperzia australiana fastigiatum Lycopodium (Ferns) FILICOPSIDA ASPLENIACEAE Asplenium bulbiferum Asplenium flabellifolium Asplenium trichomanes rutifolius Pleurosorus BLECHNACEAE chambersii Blechnum fluviatile Blechnum minus Blechnum nudum Blechnum pennamarina Blechnum wattsii Blechnum DENNSTAEDTIACEAE Histiopteris incisa Hypolepis glandulifera Pteridium esculentum DICKSONIACEAE 30 Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park J J J J J J J J J J J J J T T T T T T T H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M M W CUR Source Alien Status Nat Nat Cult Cult Cult Cult Nat Cult Nat Inv1 Nat Nat Nat Nat Nat Nat Nat Nat Nat Cult Cult Inv1 Cas Inv1

Legal Status Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Fern Rainbow Soft Treefern Broad Shield Fern Mother Shield Fern Coral Fern Scrambling Coral Fern Fern Fan Silky Alpine Filmy Fern Fern Parsley Moonwort Tongue Adder’s Alpine Finger-fern Common Maidenhair Rock Fern Bristly Cloak Fern Poison Rock Fern Sickle Fern Brake Tender Brittle Bladder-fern Black Cypress Pine White Cypress Pine Incense Cedar Nootka Cypress Italian Cypress Cypress Mexican White Fir Colorado / Deodar Cedar Japanese Larch Spruce Norway Jack Pine Beach / Shore Pine Japanese Red Pine Pine Jeffrey’s Pine Sugar White Pine Western Mountain Pine Austrian Pine Pine Yellow Western Pine Weymouth Scots Pine Mountain Plum Pine Box Elder Sycamore Maple Plantain Water Narrow-leaved Lesser Joyweed Khaki Weed Mountain Celery Mountain Aciphyll Hemlock Carrot Native Pennywort Snow Slender Gingidia Lilaeopsis Carraway Silver Branched Carraway Bog Carraway Australian Carraway Cushion Carraway Oschatzia Wedge ranunculaceum (A.Cunn.) Clausen (R.Br.) Mett. (R.Br.) coriaceum sieberi (F.Muell. ex Hook.) Domin var Hook.) Domin var ex (F.Muell. Quirk & Chambers L. subsp. L. nigra R.Br. (Poiret) Desv. Kunth D.Don (Sudw.) Bartel (Sudw.) R.Br. F.Muell. (Torrey) Florin (Torrey) (Mett.) Pic. Serm. (R.Br.) Presl (R.Br.) L. Tind. (F.Muell.) Benth. (F.Muell.) L. (DC.) Hook.f. Hook. Hook.f. Hook.f. Joy Thompson & L. A. S. Johnson Thompson & L. Joy With. Mathias & Constance (Gand.) H.Eichler L. Labill. (Labill.) Fischer, C.Meyer & Ave-Lall. & C.Meyer (Labill.) Fischer, (F. Muell.) Drude (F. Dougl. R.Br. M.Garrett & Kantvilas (R.Br.) Mett. (R.Br.) Kunze subsp. Kunze (F. Muell.) J. W.Dawson Muell.) J. (F. R.Br. Hook.f. (L.) Sw. (Parl.) Bailey (Parl.) (R.Br.) M.D.Turner & R.A.White M.D.Turner (R.Br.) (F.Muell.) Benth (F.Muell.) Dougl. Lamb. Sieb. & Zucc. Sieb. Dougl. ex D.Don Dougl. ex (Roxb. ex D.Don) G.Don ex (Roxb. (Lamb.) Carr. (Lamb.) L. (Gord.) Hildebrand Dougl. (F.Muell.) J.W.Dawson (F.Muell.) L. L. Murr. (R.Br.) Fee (R.Br.) Van den Borre & Henwood Van R.Br. Turra Arnold var. Arnold var. (L.) H.Karst. dicarpa microphylla

Calocedrus decurrens nootkatensis Cupressus sempervirens Cupressus glabra Hesperocyparis Abies concolor Cedrus deodara Larix kaempferi Picea abies Pinus banksiana Pinus contorta Pinus densiflora Pinus jeffreyi Pinus lambertiana Pinus monticola Pinus mugo Pinus nigra Pinus ponderosa Pinus strobus Pinus sylvestris Acer negundo Acer pseudoplatanus Alisma lanceolatum Conium maculatum Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group dubia Calochlaena antarctica Dicksonia DRYOPTERIDACEAE formosum Polystichum proliferum Polystichum GLEICHENIACEAE Gleichenia Gleichenia urceolatus Sticherus HYMENOPHYLLACEAE Hymenophyllum peltatum OPHIOGLOSSACEAE australe Botrychium lunaria Botrychium lusitanicum Ophioglossum POLYPODIACEAE poeppigiana Grammitis PTERIDACEAE Adiantum aethiopicum Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Cheilanthes distans Cheilanthes sieberi falcata Pellaea Pteris tremula WOODSIACEAE Cystopteris tasmanica (Conifers) CONIFEROPSIDA CUPRESSACEAE Callitris endlicheri Callitris glaucophylla * * * * PINACEAE * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * PODOCARPACEAE lawrencei Podocarpus Plants) (Flowering MAGNOLIOPSIDA Dicotyledons ACERACEAE * * ALISMATACEAE * AMARANTHACEAE denticulata Alternanthera * Alternanthera pungens APIACEAE Aciphylla glacialis Aciphylla simplicifolia * Daucus glochidiatus ranunculaceum Dichosciadium Diplaspis nivis Gingidia algens Gingidia harveyana Lilaeopsis polyantha argentea Oreomyrrhis brevipes Oreomyrrhis ciliata Oreomyrrhis eriopoda Oreomyrrhis pulvinifica Oreomyrrhis cuneifolia Oschatzia Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park 31 J J J J J J J J J J J J J T T T T T T T H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M M W CUR Source Alien Status Nat Nat Cult Cult Cult Cult Nat Cult Nat Inv1 Nat Nat Nat Nat Nat Nat Nat Nat Nat Cult Cult Inv1 Cas Inv1

Legal Status Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Fern Rainbow Soft Treefern Broad Shield Fern Mother Shield Fern Coral Fern Scrambling Coral Fern Fern Fan Silky Alpine Filmy Fern Fern Parsley Moonwort Tongue Adder’s Alpine Finger-fern Common Maidenhair Rock Fern Bristly Cloak Fern Poison Rock Fern Sickle Fern Brake Tender Brittle Bladder-fern Black Cypress Pine White Cypress Pine Incense Cedar Nootka Cypress Italian Cypress Cypress Mexican White Fir Colorado / Deodar Cedar Japanese Larch Spruce Norway Jack Pine Beach / Shore Pine Japanese Red Pine Pine Jeffrey’s Pine Sugar White Pine Western Mountain Pine Austrian Pine Pine Yellow Western Pine Weymouth Scots Pine Mountain Plum Pine Box Elder Sycamore Maple Plantain Water Narrow-leaved Lesser Joyweed Khaki Weed Mountain Celery Mountain Aciphyll Hemlock Carrot Native Pennywort Snow Slender Gingidia Lilaeopsis Carraway Silver Branched Carraway Bog Carraway Australian Carraway Cushion Carraway Oschatzia Wedge ranunculaceum (A.Cunn.) Clausen (R.Br.) Mett. (R.Br.) coriaceum sieberi (F.Muell. ex Hook.) Domin var Hook.) Domin var ex (F.Muell. Quirk & Chambers L. subsp. L. nigra R.Br. (Poiret) Desv. Kunth D.Don (Sudw.) Bartel (Sudw.) R.Br. F.Muell. (Torrey) Florin (Torrey) (Mett.) Pic. Serm. (R.Br.) Presl (R.Br.) L. Tind. (F.Muell.) Benth. (F.Muell.) L. (DC.) Hook.f. Hook. Hook.f. Hook.f. Joy Thompson & L. A. S. Johnson Thompson & L. Joy With. Mathias & Constance (Gand.) H.Eichler L. Labill. (Labill.) Fischer, C.Meyer & Ave-Lall. & C.Meyer (Labill.) Fischer, (F. Muell.) Drude (F. Dougl. R.Br. M.Garrett & Kantvilas (R.Br.) Mett. (R.Br.) Kunze subsp. Kunze (F. Muell.) J. W.Dawson Muell.) J. (F. R.Br. Hook.f. (L.) Sw. (Parl.) Bailey (Parl.) (R.Br.) M.D.Turner & R.A.White M.D.Turner (R.Br.) (F.Muell.) Benth (F.Muell.) Dougl. Lamb. Sieb. & Zucc. Sieb. Dougl. ex D.Don Dougl. ex (Roxb. ex D.Don) G.Don ex (Roxb. (Lamb.) Carr. (Lamb.) L. (Gord.) Hildebrand Dougl. (F.Muell.) J.W.Dawson (F.Muell.) L. L. Murr. (R.Br.) Fee (R.Br.) Van den Borre & Henwood Van R.Br. Turra Arnold var. Arnold var. (L.) H.Karst. dicarpa microphylla

Calocedrus decurrens nootkatensis Cupressus sempervirens Cupressus glabra Hesperocyparis Abies concolor Cedrus deodara Larix kaempferi Picea abies Pinus banksiana Pinus contorta Pinus densiflora Pinus jeffreyi Pinus lambertiana Pinus monticola Pinus mugo Pinus nigra Pinus ponderosa Pinus strobus Pinus sylvestris Acer negundo Acer pseudoplatanus Alisma lanceolatum Conium maculatum Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group dubia Calochlaena antarctica Dicksonia DRYOPTERIDACEAE formosum Polystichum proliferum Polystichum GLEICHENIACEAE Gleichenia Gleichenia urceolatus Sticherus HYMENOPHYLLACEAE Hymenophyllum peltatum OPHIOGLOSSACEAE australe Botrychium lunaria Botrychium lusitanicum Ophioglossum POLYPODIACEAE poeppigiana Grammitis PTERIDACEAE Adiantum aethiopicum Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Cheilanthes distans Cheilanthes sieberi falcata Pellaea Pteris tremula WOODSIACEAE Cystopteris tasmanica (Conifers) CONIFEROPSIDA CUPRESSACEAE Callitris endlicheri Callitris glaucophylla * * * * PINACEAE * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * PODOCARPACEAE lawrencei Podocarpus Plants) (Flowering MAGNOLIOPSIDA Dicotyledons ACERACEAE * * ALISMATACEAE * AMARANTHACEAE denticulata Alternanthera * Alternanthera pungens APIACEAE Aciphylla glacialis Aciphylla simplicifolia * Daucus glochidiatus ranunculaceum Dichosciadium Diplaspis nivis Gingidia algens Gingidia harveyana Lilaeopsis polyantha argentea Oreomyrrhis brevipes Oreomyrrhis ciliata Oreomyrrhis eriopoda Oreomyrrhis pulvinifica Oreomyrrhis cuneifolia Oschatzia 32 Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park J J T T T T T H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M M W MD Atlas Source Alien Status Inv1 Cult Cult. Cult Cult Nat Inv2 NN Unknown Cult Cult Inv1 Inv2 Inv1 Inv2 Inv1 Unknown Inv1 Inv2 (TSC) Legal

Status

V V (TSC) E (TSC) Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Parsnip Shrubby Platysace Alpine Pennywort Alpine Trachymene Mountain Silkpod Lesser Periwinkle Blue Periwinkle English Holly Common Star-hair Star-hair Narrow-leaved English Ivy Pennywort Hairy Pennywort Stinking Pennywort Pennywort Elderberry Panax Snow-wort Milfoil Tansyleaf Yarrow Everlasting Winged Corn Chamomile Chamomile Yellow Soft Cottonleaf Cudweed Silver Shining Cudweed Cudweed Grey-green Purple Groundsel Wormwood Aster Wild Leaf Blanket Hill Daisy Field Daisy Daisy Large-headed Grass Daisy Daisy Snow Daisy Baw Baw Rock Daisy Marsh Daisy Hairy Cut-leaf Daisy Daisy Tufted Spreading Daisy Daisy Tadgell’s Mountain Daisy Daisy Stiff Burr-daisy Cut-leaved Burr-daisy Mauve Burr-daisy Yellow Burr-daisy Max Mueller’s Rough Burr-daisy Nodding Thistle Slender Thistle Slender Thistle Winged Thistle Saffron Dolly Bush Cough Bush Bush Cauliflower Mountain Cassinia Cassinia Elegant Daisy Carpet Snow Daisy Snow Silver Maltese Cockspur Thistle St Barnabys Thistle Common Sneezeweed Spreading Sneezeweed Weed Skeleton F.Muell. ex Benth. ex F.Muell. . (Benth.) G.L.R.Davis . sens lat humilis integrifolia (Graham) Fischer & Meyer sens lat pubescens diversifolia sativa (N.G.Walsh) J.M.Ward & Brietw. J.M.Ward (N.G.Walsh) Lam. var. var. L. G.L.Davis Hook.f. var. Hook.f. var. G.L.R.Davis (DC.) A.Braun & Asch. Gaudich. (M.Gray) J.M.Ward & Breitw. (M.Gray) J.M.Ward (Hook.f.) J.M.Ward & Breitw. (Hook.f.) J.M.Ward M.Gray & Given L. L. (Sieber ex Sprengel) DC. (Sieber ex

(Domin) B.L.Burtt (Labill.) F.Muell Hook.f. F.Muell. ex Klatt ex F.Muell. (Buchanon) J.M.Ward & Breitw. (Buchanon) J.M.Ward (A.Rich) Belcher (F.Muell.) Domin (F.Muell.) L. (Sieber ex DC.) Harms (Sieber ex Steetz ex Lehm. Steetz ex Hochr. (Labill.) Less. Tovey & P.Morris Tovey L. (DC.) G.L.R.Davis G.L.R.Davis R.Br. ex A.Rich. ex R.Br. (Less.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex O.Hoffm. (Less.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Curtis L. DC. (F.Muell) F.Muell. ex Benth. ex F.Muell. (F.Muell) (Labill.) Druce P.S.Short F.Muell. Sonder & F.Muell. var. var. Sonder & F.Muell. M.Gray & Given F.Muell. L. DC L. L. (Hook.f.) Benth. subsp. A.Cunn. Ex Benth. M.Gray & Given Orchard Benth. N.A.Wakef. Orchard R.Br. F.Muell. R.Br. (L.) A.Braun & Asch. A.Rich. ex R.Br. A.Rich. ex L. subsp. (Britten) Pichon (F.Muell. ex Benth.) N.G.Walsh & K.L.McDougall Benth.) N.G.Walsh ex (F.Muell. (Labill.) R.Br. Willd. L. L. Orchard Michx. R.Br. L. L. fordianum L. nitidulum sp. alpine herbfields (A.C.Beauglehole 40875) P.S.Short sp. alpine herbfields 6632) P.S.Short sp. leafy scapes (M.Gray & C.Totterdell asperifolia Herbarium Vic. 211) Turner (J. Buggan sp. Suggan

sp. Pulchella (M.Gray & C.Totterdell 7079) Australian National Herbarium 7079) sp. Pulchella (M.Gray & C.Totterdell Pastinaca sativa Pastinaca helix Hedera distans Achillea millefolium Achillea Anthemis arvensis Anthemis tinctoria Artemisia absinthium nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Carduus tenuiflorus Carduus melitensis Centaurea Chondrilla juncea Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group * Platysace lanceolata fragoseum Schizeilema composita Trachymene humilis Trachymene APOCYNACEAE brownii Parsonsia minor * Vinca major * Vinca AQUIFOLIACEAE aquifolium * Ilex ARALIACEAE ledifolia Astrotricha linearis Astrotricha Astrotricha Astrotricha * algida Hydrocotyle hirta Hydrocotyle laxiflora Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Hydrocotyle tripartita Hydrocotyle sambucifolia Polyscias ASTERACEAE nivigena Abrotanella * * Ammobium alatum * * Argyrotegium mackayi Argyrotegium Argyrotegium poliochlorum Argyrotegium mixtus Arrhenechthites * * Aster subulatus arborescens Bedfordia aculeata Brachyscome decipiens Brachyscome diversifolia Brachyscome graminea Brachyscome nivalis Brachyscome obovata Brachyscome petrophila Brachyscome radicans Brachyscome rigidula Brachyscome scapigera Brachyscome spathulata Brachyscome Brachyscome Brachyscome stolonifera Brachyscome tadgellii Brachyscome tenuiscapa Brachyscome willisii Brachyscome Calotis anthemoides Calotis glandulosa Calotis lappulacea Calotis pubescens Calotis scabiosifolia * * * * Carthamus lanatus Cassinia aculeata Cassinia laevis Cassinia longifolia Cassinia monticola Cassinia ochracea Cassinia venusta Celmisia costiniana Celmisia pugioniformis Celmisia Celmisia tomentella * solstitialis * Centaurea Centipeda cunninghamii Centipeda elatinoides Centipeda minima * Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park 33 J J T T T T T H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M M W MD Atlas Source Alien Status Inv1 Cult Cult. Cult Cult Nat Inv2 NN Unknown Cult Cult Inv1 Inv2 Inv1 Inv2 Inv1 Unknown Inv1 Inv2 (TSC) Legal

Status

V V (TSC) E (TSC) Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Parsnip Shrubby Platysace Alpine Pennywort Alpine Trachymene Mountain Silkpod Lesser Periwinkle Blue Periwinkle English Holly Common Star-hair Star-hair Narrow-leaved English Ivy Pennywort Hairy Pennywort Stinking Pennywort Pennywort Elderberry Panax Snow-wort Milfoil Tansyleaf Yarrow Everlasting Winged Corn Chamomile Chamomile Yellow Soft Cottonleaf Cudweed Silver Shining Cudweed Cudweed Grey-green Purple Groundsel Wormwood Aster Wild Leaf Blanket Hill Daisy Field Daisy Daisy Large-headed Grass Daisy Daisy Snow Daisy Baw Baw Rock Daisy Marsh Daisy Hairy Cut-leaf Daisy Daisy Tufted Spreading Daisy Daisy Tadgell’s Mountain Daisy Daisy Stiff Burr-daisy Cut-leaved Burr-daisy Mauve Burr-daisy Yellow Burr-daisy Max Mueller’s Rough Burr-daisy Nodding Thistle Slender Thistle Slender Thistle Winged Thistle Saffron Dolly Bush Cough Bush Bush Cauliflower Mountain Cassinia Cassinia Elegant Daisy Carpet Snow Daisy Snow Silver Maltese Cockspur Thistle St Barnabys Thistle Common Sneezeweed Spreading Sneezeweed Weed Skeleton F.Muell. ex Benth. ex F.Muell. . (Benth.) G.L.R.Davis . sens lat humilis integrifolia (Graham) Fischer & Meyer sens lat pubescens diversifolia sativa (N.G.Walsh) J.M.Ward & Brietw. J.M.Ward (N.G.Walsh) Lam. var. var. L. G.L.Davis Hook.f. var. Hook.f. var. G.L.R.Davis (DC.) A.Braun & Asch. Gaudich. (M.Gray) J.M.Ward & Breitw. (M.Gray) J.M.Ward (Hook.f.) J.M.Ward & Breitw. (Hook.f.) J.M.Ward M.Gray & Given L. L. (Sieber ex Sprengel) DC. (Sieber ex

(Domin) B.L.Burtt (Labill.) F.Muell Hook.f. F.Muell. ex Klatt ex F.Muell. (Buchanon) J.M.Ward & Breitw. (Buchanon) J.M.Ward (A.Rich) Belcher (F.Muell.) Domin (F.Muell.) L. (Sieber ex DC.) Harms (Sieber ex Steetz ex Lehm. Steetz ex Hochr. (Labill.) Less. Tovey & P.Morris Tovey L. (DC.) G.L.R.Davis G.L.R.Davis R.Br. ex A.Rich. ex R.Br. (Less.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex O.Hoffm. (Less.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Curtis L. DC. (F.Muell) F.Muell. ex Benth. ex F.Muell. (F.Muell) (Labill.) Druce P.S.Short F.Muell. Sonder & F.Muell. var. var. Sonder & F.Muell. M.Gray & Given F.Muell. L. DC L. L. (Hook.f.) Benth. subsp. A.Cunn. Ex Benth. M.Gray & Given Orchard Benth. N.A.Wakef. Orchard R.Br. F.Muell. R.Br. (L.) A.Braun & Asch. A.Rich. ex R.Br. A.Rich. ex L. subsp. (Britten) Pichon (F.Muell. ex Benth.) N.G.Walsh & K.L.McDougall Benth.) N.G.Walsh ex (F.Muell. (Labill.) R.Br. Willd. L. L. Orchard Michx. R.Br. L. L. fordianum L. nitidulum sp. alpine herbfields (A.C.Beauglehole 40875) P.S.Short sp. alpine herbfields 6632) P.S.Short sp. leafy scapes (M.Gray & C.Totterdell asperifolia Herbarium Vic. 211) Turner (J. Buggan sp. Suggan

sp. Pulchella (M.Gray & C.Totterdell 7079) Australian National Herbarium 7079) sp. Pulchella (M.Gray & C.Totterdell Pastinaca sativa Pastinaca helix Hedera distans Achillea millefolium Achillea Anthemis arvensis Anthemis tinctoria Artemisia absinthium nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Carduus tenuiflorus Carduus melitensis Centaurea Chondrilla juncea Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group * Platysace lanceolata fragoseum Schizeilema composita Trachymene humilis Trachymene APOCYNACEAE brownii Parsonsia minor * Vinca major * Vinca AQUIFOLIACEAE aquifolium * Ilex ARALIACEAE ledifolia Astrotricha linearis Astrotricha Astrotricha Astrotricha * algida Hydrocotyle hirta Hydrocotyle laxiflora Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Hydrocotyle tripartita Hydrocotyle sambucifolia Polyscias ASTERACEAE nivigena Abrotanella * * Ammobium alatum * * Argyrotegium mackayi Argyrotegium Argyrotegium poliochlorum Argyrotegium mixtus Arrhenechthites * * Aster subulatus arborescens Bedfordia aculeata Brachyscome decipiens Brachyscome diversifolia Brachyscome graminea Brachyscome nivalis Brachyscome obovata Brachyscome petrophila Brachyscome radicans Brachyscome rigidula Brachyscome scapigera Brachyscome spathulata Brachyscome Brachyscome Brachyscome stolonifera Brachyscome tadgellii Brachyscome tenuiscapa Brachyscome willisii Brachyscome Calotis anthemoides Calotis glandulosa Calotis lappulacea Calotis pubescens Calotis scabiosifolia * * * * Carthamus lanatus Cassinia aculeata Cassinia laevis Cassinia longifolia Cassinia monticola Cassinia ochracea Cassinia venusta Celmisia costiniana Celmisia pugioniformis Celmisia Celmisia tomentella * solstitialis * Centaurea Centipeda cunninghamii Centipeda elatinoides Centipeda minima * 34 Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M M W W MC MC Source Alien Status Cas Unknown Inv3 Unknown Inv2 Unknown Inv3 Unknown Nat Inv1 Nat Inv4 Nat Inv3 Inv2 Unknown Inv4 NN Nat Legal

Status

E (EPBC) Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Common Everlasting Clustered Everlasting Chicory Perennial Thistle Spear Thistle Flaxleaf Fleabane Fleabane Button Everlasting Button Everlasting Button Everlasting Branched Everlasting Alpine Cotula Common Cotula Buttons Water Billy-buttons Sticky White Billy-buttons Orange Billy-buttons Green Billy-buttons Billy-buttons Grey Crimson Billy-buttons Bog Billy-buttons Billy-buttons Woolly Billy-buttons Swamp Bachelors Buttons Smooth Hawksbeard Stinking Hawksbeard Bears-ear Ear Austral Bear’s Stinkwort Fleabane Violet Daisy Fleabane Fleabane Sticky Bog Fleabane Common Cudweed Star Cudweed Mat Cudweed Cudweed Cliff Ewartia Silver Cudweed Purple Cudweed Orange Hawkweed Satin Everlasting Cudweed Jersey Smooth Catsear Catsear Prickly Lettuce Blue Bottle-daisy Mountain Cotula Buttons Lanky Scaly Buttons Shasta Daisy Daisy Oxeye Hoary Sunray Alpine Sunray Rounded Chamomille Alpine Daisy-bush Alpine Daisy-bush Alpine Daisy Bush Musk Native Rusty Daisy-bush Pink-tip Daisy Bush Heath Daisy Bush Daisy Bush Swamp Daisy Bush Violet Daisy Bush Snowy Daisy Bush Large-leaf Blush Daisy Bush Dusty Daisy Bush Dusty Daisy Bush Daisy Bush Twiggy Daisy Bush Snow Paul G.Wilson Paul (DC.) Paul G.Wilson (DC.) Paul albicans tricolor aurantia var. var. squamatus Nägeli & Peter albicans albicans Flann (Hutch.) Messina Messina alpinus carpathicola (Labill.) Steetz (J.Everett & Joy Thompson) Schmidt-Leb & Joy (J.Everett (Bergmans ex J.W.Ingram) D.H.Kent J.W.Ingram) ex (Bergmans flavescens serrata (Less.) Porter (Labill.) Steetz DC. subsp. N.G.Walsh foetida subsp. (Labill.) Less. subsp. Gaudich Lam. (L.) Rchb. DC. (Fernald) Cabrera (I.R. Telford 11549) (I.R. Telford (L.) Cabrera Steetz (A.Cunn.) subsp. (A.Cunn.) subsp. (Labill.) Paul G.Wilson (Labill.) Paul (L.) (Hook.) N.G. Walsh (Hook.) N.G. jamesii K.L.McDougall & N.G.Walsh K.L.McDougall L. (J.H.Willis) Paul G. Wilson G. Paul (J.H.Willis) J.Everett & Joy Thompson & Joy J.Everett (F.Muell.) R.J.Dennis & N.G.Walsh (F.Muell.) L. Hook.f. (DC.) Benth. N.G. Walsh (Retz.) E.Walker Everett & Doust Everett (Labill.) Druce (G. Forst.) Holub (G. Forst.) (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. ex F.Muell. (F.Muell.) L. (L.) Cronq. subsp. subsp. J.Everett & Joy Thompson & Joy J.Everett (Hook.f.) S.J.Forbes & D.I.Morris (Hook.f.) S.J.Forbes (Willd.) Holub (Willd.) F.Muell. S.J.Forbes J.Everett & Doust J.Everett F. Muell. F. (Labill.) F.Muell. ex Benth. ex (Labill.) F.Muell. J.Everett & Joy Thompson & Joy J.Everett L. var. Anderb (J.H.Willis) J.Everett & Joy Thompson & Joy J.Everett J.Everett & Joy Thompson var. Thompson var. & Joy J.Everett (Labill.) Benth. Lander (Sieber ex DC.) Dippel (Sieber ex (Thunb.) Holub (Thunb.) (Labill.) F. Muell. ex Benth. Muell. ex (Labill.) F. superbum superbum (Hook.f.) Benth. (L.) Wallr. (Hook.f.) Holub (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. ex F.Muell. (F.Muell.) J.Everett & Joy Thompson & Joy J.Everett L. (L.) Scop. (Savi) Ten. (Savi) (F.Muell.) Beauverd (F.Muell.) J.Everett & Doust J.Everett (Drury) Holub (Labill.) Benth. (Hook.f.) Hook.f. ex Benth. (Hook.f.) Hook.f. ex x (Labill.) DC. (F.Muell.) Benth. (F.Muell.) S.J.Forbes (Benth.) M.Gray (Sieber ex Sprengel) Hook f. (Sieber ex L. subsp. (Maiden & Betche) Lander J.Everett & Joy Thompson & Joy J.Everett N.A.Wakef. (Sims) Hutch. (Hook.f.) Hook.f. . Rhizomatica sp Cichorium intybus Cichorium arvense Cirsium vulgare Cirsium Conyza bonariensis Conyza sumatrensis Cotula coronopifolia capillaris Crepis foetida Crepis purpurea Gamochaeta glabra Hypochaeris radicata Hypochaeris Lactuca serriola Leucanthemum Leucanthemum vulgare Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group Chrysocephalum apiculatum Chrysocephalum semipapposum * * * * * gunnianum Coronidium monticola Coronidium scorpioides Coronidium waddelliae Coronidium Cotula alpina Cotula australis * adenophora Craspedia alba Craspedia aurantia Craspedia aurantia Craspedia canens Craspedia coolaminica Craspedia costiniana Craspedia crocata Craspedia lamicola Craspedia leucantha Craspedia maxgrayi Craspedia paludicola Craspedia variabilis Craspedia * * Cymbonotus lawsonianus Cymbonotus preissianus graveolens * Dittrichia bellidioides Erigeron conyzoides Erigeron nitidus Erigeron paludicola Erigeron setosus Erigeron involucratus Euchiton japonicus Euchiton limosus Euchiton sphaericus Euchiton traversii Euchiton umbricola Euchiton Ewartia nubigena calviceps * Gamochaeta * aurantiacum * Hieracium leucopsideum Helichrysum luteoalbum Helichrysum * * * montana Lagenophora stipitata Lagenophora Leptinella filicula elongatus Leptorhynchos squamatus Leptorhynchos squamatus Leptorhynchos * * albicans Leucochrysum albicans Leucochrysum alpinum Leucochrysum * Matricaria matricarioides Olearia aglossa Olearia algida Olearia alpicola Olearia argophylla Olearia brevipedunculata Olearia erubescens Olearia floribunda Olearia glandulosa Olearia iodochroa Olearia lasiophylla Olearia lirata Olearia megalophylla Olearia myrsinoides Olearia phlogopappa Olearia phlogopappa Olearia ramulosa Olearia Olearia rosmarinifolia Olearia stellulata Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park 35 H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M M W W MC MC Source Alien Status Cas Unknown Inv3 Unknown Inv2 Unknown Inv3 Unknown Nat Inv1 Nat Inv4 Nat Inv3 Inv2 Unknown Inv4 NN Nat Legal

Status

E (EPBC) Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Common Everlasting Clustered Everlasting Chicory Perennial Thistle Spear Thistle Flaxleaf Fleabane Fleabane Button Everlasting Button Everlasting Button Everlasting Branched Everlasting Alpine Cotula Common Cotula Buttons Water Billy-buttons Sticky White Billy-buttons Orange Billy-buttons Green Billy-buttons Billy-buttons Grey Crimson Billy-buttons Bog Billy-buttons Billy-buttons Woolly Billy-buttons Swamp Bachelors Buttons Smooth Hawksbeard Stinking Hawksbeard Bears-ear Ear Austral Bear’s Stinkwort Fleabane Violet Daisy Fleabane Fleabane Sticky Bog Fleabane Common Cudweed Star Cudweed Mat Cudweed Cudweed Cliff Ewartia Silver Cudweed Purple Cudweed Orange Hawkweed Satin Everlasting Cudweed Jersey Smooth Catsear Catsear Prickly Lettuce Blue Bottle-daisy Mountain Cotula Buttons Lanky Scaly Buttons Shasta Daisy Daisy Oxeye Hoary Sunray Alpine Sunray Rounded Chamomille Alpine Daisy-bush Alpine Daisy-bush Alpine Daisy Bush Musk Native Rusty Daisy-bush Pink-tip Daisy Bush Heath Daisy Bush Daisy Bush Swamp Daisy Bush Violet Daisy Bush Snowy Daisy Bush Large-leaf Blush Daisy Bush Dusty Daisy Bush Dusty Daisy Bush Daisy Bush Twiggy Daisy Bush Snow Paul G.Wilson Paul (DC.) Paul G.Wilson (DC.) Paul albicans tricolor aurantia var. var. squamatus Nägeli & Peter albicans albicans Flann (Hutch.) Messina Messina alpinus carpathicola (Labill.) Steetz (J.Everett & Joy Thompson) Schmidt-Leb & Joy (J.Everett (Bergmans ex J.W.Ingram) D.H.Kent J.W.Ingram) ex (Bergmans flavescens serrata (Less.) Porter (Labill.) Steetz DC. subsp. N.G.Walsh foetida subsp. (Labill.) Less. subsp. Gaudich Lam. (L.) Rchb. DC. (Fernald) Cabrera (I.R. Telford 11549) (I.R. Telford (L.) Cabrera Steetz (A.Cunn.) subsp. (A.Cunn.) subsp. (Labill.) Paul G.Wilson (Labill.) Paul (L.) (Hook.) N.G. Walsh (Hook.) N.G. jamesii K.L.McDougall & N.G.Walsh K.L.McDougall L. (J.H.Willis) Paul G. Wilson G. Paul (J.H.Willis) J.Everett & Joy Thompson & Joy J.Everett (F.Muell.) R.J.Dennis & N.G.Walsh (F.Muell.) L. Hook.f. (DC.) Benth. N.G. Walsh (Retz.) E.Walker Everett & Doust Everett (Labill.) Druce (G. Forst.) Holub (G. Forst.) (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. ex F.Muell. (F.Muell.) L. (L.) Cronq. subsp. subsp. J.Everett & Joy Thompson & Joy J.Everett (Hook.f.) S.J.Forbes & D.I.Morris (Hook.f.) S.J.Forbes (Willd.) Holub (Willd.) F.Muell. S.J.Forbes J.Everett & Doust J.Everett F. Muell. F. (Labill.) F.Muell. ex Benth. ex (Labill.) F.Muell. J.Everett & Joy Thompson & Joy J.Everett L. var. Anderb (J.H.Willis) J.Everett & Joy Thompson & Joy J.Everett J.Everett & Joy Thompson var. Thompson var. & Joy J.Everett (Labill.) Benth. Lander (Sieber ex DC.) Dippel (Sieber ex (Thunb.) Holub (Thunb.) (Labill.) F. Muell. ex Benth. Muell. ex (Labill.) F. superbum superbum (Hook.f.) Benth. (L.) Wallr. (Hook.f.) Holub (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. ex F.Muell. (F.Muell.) J.Everett & Joy Thompson & Joy J.Everett L. (L.) Scop. (Savi) Ten. (Savi) (F.Muell.) Beauverd (F.Muell.) J.Everett & Doust J.Everett (Drury) Holub (Labill.) Benth. (Hook.f.) Hook.f. ex Benth. (Hook.f.) Hook.f. ex x (Labill.) DC. (F.Muell.) Benth. (F.Muell.) S.J.Forbes (Benth.) M.Gray (Sieber ex Sprengel) Hook f. (Sieber ex L. subsp. (Maiden & Betche) Lander J.Everett & Joy Thompson & Joy J.Everett N.A.Wakef. (Sims) Hutch. (Hook.f.) Hook.f. . Rhizomatica sp Cichorium intybus Cichorium arvense Cirsium vulgare Cirsium Conyza bonariensis Conyza sumatrensis Cotula coronopifolia capillaris Crepis foetida Crepis purpurea Gamochaeta glabra Hypochaeris radicata Hypochaeris Lactuca serriola Leucanthemum Leucanthemum vulgare Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group Chrysocephalum apiculatum Chrysocephalum semipapposum * * * * * gunnianum Coronidium monticola Coronidium scorpioides Coronidium waddelliae Coronidium Cotula alpina Cotula australis * adenophora Craspedia alba Craspedia aurantia Craspedia aurantia Craspedia canens Craspedia coolaminica Craspedia costiniana Craspedia crocata Craspedia lamicola Craspedia leucantha Craspedia maxgrayi Craspedia paludicola Craspedia variabilis Craspedia * * Cymbonotus lawsonianus Cymbonotus preissianus graveolens * Dittrichia bellidioides Erigeron conyzoides Erigeron nitidus Erigeron paludicola Erigeron setosus Erigeron involucratus Euchiton japonicus Euchiton limosus Euchiton sphaericus Euchiton traversii Euchiton umbricola Euchiton Ewartia nubigena calviceps * Gamochaeta * aurantiacum * Hieracium leucopsideum Helichrysum luteoalbum Helichrysum * * * montana Lagenophora stipitata Lagenophora Leptinella filicula elongatus Leptorhynchos squamatus Leptorhynchos squamatus Leptorhynchos * * albicans Leucochrysum albicans Leucochrysum alpinum Leucochrysum * Matricaria matricarioides Olearia aglossa Olearia algida Olearia alpicola Olearia argophylla Olearia brevipedunculata Olearia erubescens Olearia floribunda Olearia glandulosa Olearia iodochroa Olearia lasiophylla Olearia lirata Olearia megalophylla Olearia myrsinoides Olearia phlogopappa Olearia phlogopappa Olearia ramulosa Olearia Olearia rosmarinifolia Olearia stellulata 36 Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park J J F F T H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M W MC MC Source Alien Status Unknown Unknown Inv2 Inv2 Inv1 Inv1 Inv3 Nat Inv2 Inv1 Nat Nat Cult Unknown Unknown Unknown Inv2 (TSC) Legal

Status

V (TSC) V Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Jacks Daisy Bush Happy Thin-leaf Daisy Bush Scotch Thistle Alpine Everlasting Pepper Everlasting Bush Kerosene Everlasting Tree Everlasting Grey Cascade Everlasting Everlasting Ovens Everlasting Sticky Parantennaria Long Podolepis Daisy Copper-wire Showy Mountain Lettuce Chamomile Sunray Monaro Golden Daisy Bulging Fireweed Erect Groundsel Distal-lobe Fireweed Subalpine fireweed Smooth Fireweed Mountains Fireweed Hill Fireweed Monaro Fireweed Groundsel Cobweb Fireweed Groundsel Fireweed Groundsel Broadleaf Fireweed Longhair Fireweed Fireweed Narrow Fireweed Toothed Black-tip Fireweed Fireweed Snowplain Alpine Groundsel Rock Fireweed Groundsel Variable Groundsel Variable Common Fireweed Cotton Fireweed Groundsel Saw Groundsel Forest Cobber Weed Indian Weed Thistle Variegated Prickly Sowthistle Common Sowthistle Stinking Roger Feverfew Mountain Dandelion Dandelion Hawkweed Yellow Goatsbeard Fuzzweed Holland Daisy New Woolly Holland Leaf New Narrow Daisy Holland Daisy New Furrowed Holland Daisy New Western Noogoora Burr Golden Everlasting Everlasting Swamp Alpine Everlasting Everlasting Sticky Southern Sassafras Grape Oregon Common Barberry Birch Silver Vine Wonga Wonga Common Fiddleneck Bugloss Wild Tongue Sweet Hound’s Curse Paterson’s . Lack & Holzapfel I.Thomps (Benth.) P.S.Short I.Thomps. I.Thomps. pinnatifolius (Ali) I.Thomps. orientalis major F.Muell. Ex Belcher F.Muell. (Sch. Bip.) R.J.Bayer F.Muell. (N.A.Wakef.) C.Jeffrey (N.A.Wakef.) Puttock & D.J.Ohlsen merxmuelleri Labill. alpinus (Vent.) Tzvelev (Vent.) arachnoideus arachnoideus denticulatus latifolius (Labill.) Sweet D.L.Schulz L. R.Br. (L.) Schultz-Bip. subsp. DC. L. (Sprengel) Paul G.Wilson (Sprengel) Paul L. Fischer & C.Meyer I.Thomps. major Labill. A.Rich. Weber spp. aggr. Weber (DC.) R.J.Bayer (DC.) Sch. Bip. (F.Muell.) Beauverd (F.Muell.) F.Muell. Pursh R.Br. I.Thomps. L. subsp. (Flann) R.J.Bayer (Benth.) J.M.Black (F.Muell.) Anderberg (F.Muell.) var. var. (N.A.Wakef.) Anderberg (N.A.Wakef.) (Moris) Chater Scop. var. var. vagus (Andrews) Steenis (Andrews) I.Thomps A.Rich. var. A.Rich. var. I.Thomps. (DC.) Sch. Bip. (L.) Gaertner var. var. var. N.G.Walsh (N.A.Wakef.) Anderberg (N.A.Wakef.) L. L. I.Thomps. (Sims) Voss A.Cunn. ex DC. A.Cunn. ex I.Thomps (L.) Bieb. N.T.Burb. Hagl. & Markl. A.Rich. I.Thomps. D.G.Drury var. var. (Hook.f.) N.T.Burb. (DC.) Benth. subsp. (Hook.f.) Cabrera F.Muell. DC. N.T.Burb. (Maiden & Betche) J.H.Willis Roth I.Thomps. L. Poir. I.Thomps. (L.) Gaertn. (L.) Hill subsp. (Hook.f.) Belcher subundulatum sp. N.E. Alps (N.G.Walsh 5964) Vic. Herbarium Vic. 5964) Alps (N.G.Walsh sp. N.E. Onopordum acanthium Onopordum marianum Silybum asper Sonchus oleraceus Sonchus minuta Tagetes parthenium Tanacetum officinale Taraxacum barbata Tolpis dubius Tragopogon Berberis aquifolium Betula pendula calycina Amsinckia intermedia Amsinckia arvensis Anchusa plantagineum Echium Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group Olearia stenophylla Olearia tenuifolia * Ozothamnus alpinus Ozothamnus conditus Ozothamnus cupressoides Ozothamnus ferrugineus Ozothamnus obcordatus Ozothamnus secundiflorus Ozothamnus stirlingii Ozothamnus thyrsoideus uniceps Parantennaria Picris angustifolia hieracioides Podolepis jaceoides Podolepis robusta Podolepis Podolepis Rhodanthe anthemoides Rutidosis leiolepis Senecio bathurstianus Senecio campylocarpus Senecio diaschides Senecio distalilobatus Senecio extensus Senecio glabrescens Senecio gunnii Senecio hispidulus Senecio lageniformis Senecio linearifolius Senecio linearifolius Senecio linearifolius Senecio longipilus Senecio microbasis Senecio minimus Senecio nigrapicus Senecio niveoplanus Senecio pectinatus Senecio phelleus Senecio pinnatifolius Senecio pinnatifolius Senecio prenanthoides Senecio quadridentatus Senecio vagus Senecio velleioides australiensis Sigesbeckia orientalis Sigesbeckia * gunnii Solenogyne * * * * aristum Taraxacum * * * cuneata Vittadinia gracilis Vittadinia muelleri Vittadinia sulcata Vittadinia tenuissima Vittadinia * Xanthium strumarium bracteatum Xerochrysum palustre Xerochrysum Xerochrysum viscosum Xerochrysum ATHEROSPERMATACEAE moschatum Atherosperma BERBERIDACEAE * * Berberis vulgaris BETULACEAE * BIGNONIACEAE pandorana Pandorea BORAGINACEAE * * * australe Cynoglossum suaveolens Cynoglossum * Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park 37 J J F F T H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M W MC MC Source Alien Status Unknown Unknown Inv2 Inv2 Inv1 Inv1 Inv3 Nat Inv2 Inv1 Nat Nat Cult Unknown Unknown Unknown Inv2 (TSC) Legal

Status

V (TSC) V Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Jacks Daisy Bush Happy Thin-leaf Daisy Bush Scotch Thistle Alpine Everlasting Pepper Everlasting Bush Kerosene Everlasting Tree Everlasting Grey Cascade Everlasting Everlasting Ovens Everlasting Sticky Parantennaria Long Podolepis Daisy Copper-wire Showy Mountain Lettuce Chamomile Sunray Monaro Golden Daisy Bulging Fireweed Erect Groundsel Distal-lobe Fireweed Subalpine fireweed Smooth Fireweed Mountains Fireweed Hill Fireweed Monaro Fireweed Groundsel Cobweb Fireweed Groundsel Fireweed Groundsel Broadleaf Fireweed Longhair Fireweed Fireweed Narrow Fireweed Toothed Black-tip Fireweed Fireweed Snowplain Alpine Groundsel Rock Fireweed Groundsel Variable Groundsel Variable Common Fireweed Cotton Fireweed Groundsel Saw Groundsel Forest Cobber Weed Indian Weed Thistle Variegated Prickly Sowthistle Common Sowthistle Stinking Roger Feverfew Mountain Dandelion Dandelion Hawkweed Yellow Goatsbeard Fuzzweed Holland Daisy New Woolly Holland Leaf New Narrow Daisy Holland Daisy New Furrowed Holland Daisy New Western Noogoora Burr Golden Everlasting Everlasting Swamp Alpine Everlasting Everlasting Sticky Southern Sassafras Grape Oregon Common Barberry Birch Silver Vine Wonga Wonga Common Fiddleneck Bugloss Wild Tongue Sweet Hound’s Curse Paterson’s . Lack & Holzapfel I.Thomps (Benth.) P.S.Short I.Thomps. I.Thomps. pinnatifolius (Ali) I.Thomps. orientalis major F.Muell. Ex Belcher F.Muell. (Sch. Bip.) R.J.Bayer F.Muell. (N.A.Wakef.) C.Jeffrey (N.A.Wakef.) Puttock & D.J.Ohlsen merxmuelleri Labill. alpinus (Vent.) Tzvelev (Vent.) arachnoideus arachnoideus denticulatus latifolius (Labill.) Sweet D.L.Schulz L. R.Br. (L.) Schultz-Bip. subsp. DC. L. (Sprengel) Paul G.Wilson (Sprengel) Paul L. Fischer & C.Meyer I.Thomps. major Labill. A.Rich. Weber spp. aggr. Weber (DC.) R.J.Bayer (DC.) Sch. Bip. (F.Muell.) Beauverd (F.Muell.) F.Muell. Pursh R.Br. I.Thomps. L. subsp. (Flann) R.J.Bayer (Benth.) J.M.Black (F.Muell.) Anderberg (F.Muell.) var. var. (N.A.Wakef.) Anderberg (N.A.Wakef.) (Moris) Chater Scop. var. var. vagus (Andrews) Steenis (Andrews) I.Thomps A.Rich. var. A.Rich. var. I.Thomps. (DC.) Sch. Bip. (L.) Gaertner var. var. var. N.G.Walsh (N.A.Wakef.) Anderberg (N.A.Wakef.) L. L. I.Thomps. (Sims) Voss A.Cunn. ex DC. A.Cunn. ex I.Thomps (L.) Bieb. N.T.Burb. Hagl. & Markl. A.Rich. I.Thomps. D.G.Drury var. var. (Hook.f.) N.T.Burb. (DC.) Benth. subsp. (Hook.f.) Cabrera F.Muell. DC. N.T.Burb. (Maiden & Betche) J.H.Willis Roth I.Thomps. L. Poir. I.Thomps. (L.) Gaertn. (L.) Hill subsp. (Hook.f.) Belcher subundulatum sp. N.E. Alps (N.G.Walsh 5964) Vic. Herbarium Vic. 5964) Alps (N.G.Walsh sp. N.E. Onopordum acanthium Onopordum marianum Silybum asper Sonchus oleraceus Sonchus minuta Tagetes parthenium Tanacetum officinale Taraxacum barbata Tolpis dubius Tragopogon Berberis aquifolium Betula pendula calycina Amsinckia intermedia Amsinckia arvensis Anchusa plantagineum Echium Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group Olearia stenophylla Olearia tenuifolia * Ozothamnus alpinus Ozothamnus conditus Ozothamnus cupressoides Ozothamnus ferrugineus Ozothamnus obcordatus Ozothamnus secundiflorus Ozothamnus stirlingii Ozothamnus thyrsoideus uniceps Parantennaria Picris angustifolia hieracioides Podolepis jaceoides Podolepis robusta Podolepis Podolepis Rhodanthe anthemoides Rutidosis leiolepis Senecio bathurstianus Senecio campylocarpus Senecio diaschides Senecio distalilobatus Senecio extensus Senecio glabrescens Senecio gunnii Senecio hispidulus Senecio lageniformis Senecio linearifolius Senecio linearifolius Senecio linearifolius Senecio longipilus Senecio microbasis Senecio minimus Senecio nigrapicus Senecio niveoplanus Senecio pectinatus Senecio phelleus Senecio pinnatifolius Senecio pinnatifolius Senecio prenanthoides Senecio quadridentatus Senecio vagus Senecio velleioides australiensis Sigesbeckia orientalis Sigesbeckia * gunnii Solenogyne * * * * aristum Taraxacum * * * cuneata Vittadinia gracilis Vittadinia muelleri Vittadinia sulcata Vittadinia tenuissima Vittadinia * Xanthium strumarium bracteatum Xerochrysum palustre Xerochrysum Xerochrysum viscosum Xerochrysum ATHEROSPERMATACEAE moschatum Atherosperma BERBERIDACEAE * * Berberis vulgaris BETULACEAE * BIGNONIACEAE pandorana Pandorea BORAGINACEAE * * * australe Cynoglossum suaveolens Cynoglossum * 38 Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park J J F F T L T H H H H H H K H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H K H H H H H H H H H H H M M W W W W MC MC MC MC MC MC MC Source Alien Status Inv2 Inv2 Inv2 Inv4 Cult Nat Nat Nat Unknown Nat Unknown Unknown Inv3 Nat Inv1 Cas Nat Unknown Unknown Unknown Inv1 Unknown Unknown Nat Nat Unknown Cas Inv1 Cult Nat Unknown Nat Unknown Inv3 Nat Inv3 Inv2 Cult Inv1 Unknown Inv2 Unknown Inv1 Legal

Status

E (TSC) V (EPBC) Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Bugloss Vipers Blue Heliotrope Australian Forget-me-not Forget-me-not Sweet Forget-me-not Forget-me-not Water Forget-me-not Comfrey Wintercress Native Wintercress Turnip Shepherds Purse Spreading Bitter-cress Franklin Bitter-cress Lilac Bitter-cress Common Bitter-cress Lilac Bitter-cress Bitter-cress Forest Annual Bitter-cress Sand Rocket Mountain Cress Grass Whitlow Hairy Brassica Cress Elusive Common Peppercress Peppercress Argentine Field Cress Radish Wild Cress Jagged Bitter-cress Watercress Cress Yellow Hedge Mustard Indian Hedge Mustard Mustard Tower Rock Isotome Lobelia Tall Matted Pratia Mud Pratia Bluebell Waxy Bluebell Tufted Bluebell Fairy Bluebell Royal Annual Bluebell Bluebell Sprawling Granite Bluebell Bluebell Tadgell’s Flat Bluebell Bluebell Tall Red Valerian Teazle Wild Japanese Honey-suckle Pincushion Snowberry Sandwort Lesser Thyme-leaved Sandwort Thyme-leaved Lesser Mouse-ear Chickweed Mouse-ear Chickweed Mouse-ear Chickweed Colobanth Curtis’ Soft Cushion-plant Hard Cushion-plant Deptford Pink Sweet William Annual Chalkwort Rose Campion Erect Chickweed Wort Chilean Whitlow Pink Wild Childling Pink P.J.Sm. (Fernald) S.F.Blake verna ruber (L.) A. R.Chapman (L.) (R.Br.) Sweet (R.Br.) (Schultz) Hyl. ex Nordh. (Schultz) Hyl. ex officinale (L.) Hayek planiflora Vahl laevigatus L. stricta campestris Carolin L. (L.) Medikus Benth. P.J.Sm. subsp. L. Thuill. L. Loth. DC. I.Thomps. Carolin Loth. Herm. var. (Burnat) P.Ball & Heyw. (Burnat) P.Ball F.Muell. L. (L.) Scop. L. L. Boreau caespitosa L. subsp. L. (Reichb.) Guss. (Reichb.) (Hook.) L.A.S.Johnson (Burm.f.) DC. Loth. J.G.West R.Br. (G.Forst.) A.DC. (G.Forst.) (L.) DC. Turcz. Loth. (L.) W.T.Aiton Hewson (L.) Lagr.-Fossat M.Gray L. subsp. I.Thomps. (F.Muell.) O.Schulz (F.Muell.) L. (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. (Jaub. (Raf.) G.Lopez & Romo L. R.Br. Hartm. Hoffm. (L.) DC. subsp. L. I.Thomps. Thunb. (Hook.) Hook.f. (L.) Desr. Hook. I.Thomps. F.Muell. Pers. (L.) Besser (L.) P.Gaertner, Meyer & Scherb. Meyer (L.) P.Gaertner, R.Br. (F.Muell.) L.A.S.Johnson (F.Muell.) (Miller) Asch. Hewson Hook.f. L. Lindl. (L.) Chevall. subsp. (L.) Chevall. L. subsp. Labill. L. subsp. Hewson astoniae lilacina robusta

Echium vulgare Echium Myosotis discolor Myosotis laxa Myosotis sylvatica Symphytum officinale verna Barbarea rapa Brassica Capsella bursa-pastoris hirsuta Cardamine Diplotaxis tenuifolia verna Erophila incana Hirschfeldia Lepidium campestre Lepidium perfoliatum Raphanus raphanistrum Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum Rorippa palustris Sisymbrium officinale Sisymbrium orientale glabra Turritis Campanula rapunculoides ruber Centranthus Dipsacus fullonum japonica Lonicera Scabiosa atropurpurea leptoclados Arenaria serpyllifolia Arenaria balearicum Cerastium glomeratum Cerastium tomentosum Cerastium vulgare Cerastium coronaria Lychnis erecta Moenchia dubia Petrorhagia nanteuilii Petrorhagia Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group * amplexicaule * Heliotropium Myosotis australis * Myosotis exarrhena * * * BRASSICACEAE grayi Barbarea intermedia * Barbarea * * * Cardamine franklinensis Cardamine gunnii Cardamine * Cardamine papillata Cardamine paucijuga Cardamine Cardamine * alpestre Drabastrum * * magicus Irenepharsus * Lepidium africanum * Lepidium bonariense * * * Rorippa dictyosperma Rorippa laciniata * * * * * CAMPANULACEAE * Isotoma axillaris Lobelia gibbosa Lobelia pedunculata Lobelia simplicicaulis Lobelia surrepens ceracea Wahlenbergia communis Wahlenbergia densifolia Wahlenbergia gloriosa Wahlenbergia gracilenta Wahlenbergia gracilis Wahlenbergia graniticola Wahlenbergia littoricola Wahlenbergia multicaulis Wahlenbergia planiflora Wahlenbergia stricta Wahlenbergia CAPRIFOLIACEAE * * * * * Symphoricarpos albus CARYOPHYLLACEAE * * * * * * Colobanthus affinis Colobanthus curtisiae Colobanthus nivicola Colobanthus pulvinatus * Dianthus armeria * Dianthus barbatus Gypsophila tubulosa * * brasiliana * Paronychia * * Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park 39 J J F F T L T H H H H H H K H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H K H H H H H H H H H H H M M W W W W MC MC MC MC MC MC MC Source Alien Status Inv2 Inv2 Inv2 Inv4 Cult Nat Nat Nat Unknown Nat Unknown Unknown Inv3 Nat Inv1 Cas Nat Unknown Unknown Unknown Inv1 Unknown Unknown Nat Nat Unknown Cas Inv1 Cult Nat Unknown Nat Unknown Inv3 Nat Inv3 Inv2 Cult Inv1 Unknown Inv2 Unknown Inv1 Legal

Status

E (TSC) V (EPBC) Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Bugloss Vipers Blue Heliotrope Australian Forget-me-not Forget-me-not Sweet Forget-me-not Forget-me-not Water Forget-me-not Comfrey Wintercress Native Wintercress Turnip Shepherds Purse Spreading Bitter-cress Franklin Bitter-cress Lilac Bitter-cress Common Bitter-cress Lilac Bitter-cress Bitter-cress Forest Annual Bitter-cress Sand Rocket Mountain Cress Grass Whitlow Hairy Brassica Cress Elusive Common Peppercress Peppercress Argentine Field Cress Radish Wild Cress Jagged Bitter-cress Watercress Cress Yellow Hedge Mustard Indian Hedge Mustard Mustard Tower Rock Isotome Lobelia Tall Matted Pratia Mud Pratia Bluebell Waxy Bluebell Tufted Bluebell Fairy Bluebell Royal Annual Bluebell Bluebell Sprawling Granite Bluebell Bluebell Tadgell’s Flat Bluebell Bluebell Tall Red Valerian Teazle Wild Japanese Honey-suckle Pincushion Snowberry Sandwort Lesser Thyme-leaved Sandwort Thyme-leaved Lesser Mouse-ear Chickweed Mouse-ear Chickweed Mouse-ear Chickweed Colobanth Curtis’ Soft Cushion-plant Hard Cushion-plant Deptford Pink Sweet William Annual Chalkwort Rose Campion Erect Chickweed Wort Chilean Whitlow Pink Wild Childling Pink P.J.Sm. (Fernald) S.F.Blake verna ruber (L.) A. R.Chapman (L.) (R.Br.) Sweet (R.Br.) (Schultz) Hyl. ex Nordh. (Schultz) Hyl. ex officinale (L.) Hayek planiflora Vahl laevigatus L. stricta campestris Carolin L. (L.) Medikus Benth. P.J.Sm. subsp. L. Thuill. L. Loth. DC. I.Thomps. Carolin Loth. Herm. var. (Burnat) P.Ball & Heyw. (Burnat) P.Ball F.Muell. L. (L.) Scop. L. L. Boreau caespitosa L. subsp. L. (Reichb.) Guss. (Reichb.) (Hook.) L.A.S.Johnson (Burm.f.) DC. Loth. J.G.West R.Br. (G.Forst.) A.DC. (G.Forst.) (L.) DC. Turcz. Loth. (L.) W.T.Aiton Hewson (L.) Lagr.-Fossat M.Gray L. subsp. I.Thomps. (F.Muell.) O.Schulz (F.Muell.) L. (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. (Jaub. (Raf.) G.Lopez & Romo L. R.Br. Hartm. Hoffm. (L.) DC. subsp. L. I.Thomps. Thunb. (Hook.) Hook.f. (L.) Desr. Hook. I.Thomps. F.Muell. Pers. (L.) Besser (L.) P.Gaertner, Meyer & Scherb. Meyer (L.) P.Gaertner, R.Br. (F.Muell.) L.A.S.Johnson (F.Muell.) (Miller) Asch. Hewson Hook.f. L. Lindl. (L.) Chevall. subsp. (L.) Chevall. L. subsp. Labill. L. subsp. Hewson astoniae lilacina robusta

Echium vulgare Echium Myosotis discolor Myosotis laxa Myosotis sylvatica Symphytum officinale verna Barbarea rapa Brassica Capsella bursa-pastoris hirsuta Cardamine Diplotaxis tenuifolia verna Erophila incana Hirschfeldia Lepidium campestre Lepidium perfoliatum Raphanus raphanistrum Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum Rorippa palustris Sisymbrium officinale Sisymbrium orientale glabra Turritis Campanula rapunculoides ruber Centranthus Dipsacus fullonum japonica Lonicera Scabiosa atropurpurea leptoclados Arenaria serpyllifolia Arenaria balearicum Cerastium glomeratum Cerastium tomentosum Cerastium vulgare Cerastium coronaria Lychnis erecta Moenchia dubia Petrorhagia nanteuilii Petrorhagia Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group * amplexicaule * Heliotropium Myosotis australis * Myosotis exarrhena * * * BRASSICACEAE grayi Barbarea intermedia * Barbarea * * * Cardamine franklinensis Cardamine gunnii Cardamine * Cardamine papillata Cardamine paucijuga Cardamine Cardamine * alpestre Drabastrum * * magicus Irenepharsus * Lepidium africanum * Lepidium bonariense * * * Rorippa dictyosperma Rorippa laciniata * * * * * CAMPANULACEAE * Isotoma axillaris Lobelia gibbosa Lobelia pedunculata Lobelia simplicicaulis Lobelia surrepens ceracea Wahlenbergia communis Wahlenbergia densifolia Wahlenbergia gloriosa Wahlenbergia gracilenta Wahlenbergia gracilis Wahlenbergia graniticola Wahlenbergia littoricola Wahlenbergia multicaulis Wahlenbergia planiflora Wahlenbergia stricta Wahlenbergia CAPRIFOLIACEAE * * * * * Symphoricarpos albus CARYOPHYLLACEAE * * * * * * Colobanthus affinis Colobanthus curtisiae Colobanthus nivicola Colobanthus pulvinatus * Dianthus armeria * Dianthus barbatus Gypsophila tubulosa * * brasiliana * Paronychia * * 40 Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park J J T H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H G H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M M W AD MC MD Source Alien Status Nat Nat Nat Nat Unknown Unknown Inv1 Inv1 Unknown Nat Cas Inv1 Unknown Unknown Inv2 Nat Cult Cult

Legal Status Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Allseed Four-leaf Annual Pearlwort Pearlwort Native Soapwort Knawel Two-flowered Brock Knawel Knawel Tufted Knawel Mossy Knawel Catchfly Mediterranean Catchfly Bladder Campion Corn Spurry Sandspurry Starwort Swamp Common Chickweed Starwort Flowered Many Prickly Starwort Drooping Sheoak Creamy Candles Alpine Stackhousia Slender Stackhousia Hen Fat Goosefoot Papery Nettle-leaf Goosefoot Small Crumbweed Berry Saltbush Climbing Saltbush Russian Tumbleweed Slender Saltwort Grassland Bindweed Weed Kidney Stonecrop Swamp Purple Crassula Australian Stonecrop Bitter Stonecrop Hoary Guinea Flower Hibbertia Heart-leaved Hairy Guinea Flower Alpine Sundew Sundew Sundew Forked Sundew Pale Black Oliveberry Waterwort Beard-heath Snow Acrotriche Tall Honeypots Cranberry Native Daphne Heath Heather Drumstick Heath Cryptic Heath Reddish Bog-heath Common Heath Heath Swamp Heath Snow Round-leaf Heath Paul G.Wilson Paul microphyllum nutans . angustissimus subsp . R.Br R.W.Johnson (L.) L. Kirk (J.Black) J.Black subsp. (Lam.) L.A.S.Johnson L. (F.Muell.) Mattf. (F.Muell.) (R.Br.) Hook.f. (R.Br.) F.Muell. tragus (Sm.) Benth. L. (R.Br.) Quinn (R.Br.) . (Sm.) F (F.Muell.) Quinn (F.Muell.) Labill. L. F.Muell. L. R.Br. ex DC. ex R.Br. . DC. R.Br. (Cav.) R. Br. (Cav.) R.Br. . (Sond.) Quinn Hook. P.A.Will. DC. (Forster & Forster f.) Hook.f. & Forster (Forster L. Sm. L. (Labill.) R. Br. (Schultes & Schultes f.) Druce R.Br. (Toelken) A.P.Druce & Sykes A.P.Druce (Toelken) (L.) J.S. & C.Presl. A.Cunn. (R.Br.) Mosyakin & Clemants (R.Br.) (L.) Hull Backh. ex Planchon Backh. ex Hook. Hook.f. Stapf L. Labill Forster & Forster f. & Forster Forster Hook L. R.Br. Brongn. R.Br. (L.) Vill. R.P. Gibson, B.J. Conn & Conran R.P. (F.Muell.) M.Gray (F.Muell.) Ard. (Kirk) Cockayne (Moench) Garcke Benth L.G.Adams A.J.Scott (R.Br.) Labill Thunb. Hook. L. Hook.f. L. (R.Br.) A.J.Scott subsp. (R.Br.) Crowden L. subsp. L. nocturna

Polycarpon tetraphyllum Polycarpon apetala Sagina Saponaria officinalis Silene gallica Silene Silene vulgaris rubra Spergularia Stellaria graminea Stellaria media Chenopodium album Chenopodium murale Sedum acre Sedum album Sedum rupestre Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group * * namadgi Sagina * biflorus Scleranthus brockiei Scleranthus diander Scleranthus fasciculatus Scleranthus singuliflorus Scleranthus * * * arvensis * Spergula * Stellaria angustifolia Stellaria flaccida * * Stellaria multiflora Stellaria pungens CASUARINACEAE Allocasuarina verticillata CELASTRACEAE monogyna Stackhousia pulvinaris Stackhousia viminea Stackhousia CHENOPODIACEAE * Chenopodium desertorum * Chenopodium detestans Chenopodium erosum * * Chenopodium vulvaria Dysphania pumilio Einadia hastata Einadia nutans Salsola australis Salsola tragus CONVOLVULACEAE angustissimus Convolvulus graminetinus Convolvulus repens Dichondra CRASSULACEAE helmsii Crassula peduncularis Crassula sieberiana Crassula tetramera Crassula * * * DILLENIACEAE Hibbertia obtusifolia Hibbertia pedunculata Hibbertia serpyllifolia DROSERACEAE arcturi Drosera auriculata Drosera binata Drosera hookeri Drosera peltata Drosera ELAEOCARPACEAE Elaeocarpus holopetalus ELATINACEAE Elatine gratioloides ERICACEAE hookeri Acrothamnus maccraei Acrothamnus montanus Acrothamnus divaricata Acrotriche serrulata Acrotriche humifusum Astroloma daphnoides Brachyloma * Calluna vulgaris Epacris breviflora Epacris celata Epacris glacialis Epacris gunnii Epacris impressa Epacris paludosa Epacris petrophila Epacris robusta Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park 41 J J T H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H G H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M M W AD MC MD Source Alien Status Nat Nat Nat Nat Unknown Unknown Inv1 Inv1 Unknown Nat Cas Inv1 Unknown Unknown Inv2 Nat Cult Cult

Legal Status Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Allseed Four-leaf Annual Pearlwort Pearlwort Native Soapwort Knawel Two-flowered Brock Knawel Knawel Tufted Knawel Mossy Knawel Catchfly Mediterranean Catchfly Bladder Campion Corn Spurry Sandspurry Starwort Swamp Common Chickweed Starwort Flowered Many Prickly Starwort Drooping Sheoak Creamy Candles Alpine Stackhousia Slender Stackhousia Hen Fat Goosefoot Papery Nettle-leaf Goosefoot Small Crumbweed Berry Saltbush Climbing Saltbush Russian Tumbleweed Slender Saltwort Grassland Bindweed Weed Kidney Stonecrop Swamp Purple Crassula Australian Stonecrop Bitter Stonecrop Hoary Guinea Flower Hibbertia Heart-leaved Hairy Guinea Flower Alpine Sundew Sundew Sundew Forked Sundew Pale Black Oliveberry Waterwort Beard-heath Snow Acrotriche Tall Honeypots Cranberry Native Daphne Heath Heather Drumstick Heath Cryptic Heath Reddish Bog-heath Common Heath Heath Swamp Heath Snow Round-leaf Heath Paul G.Wilson Paul microphyllum nutans . angustissimus subsp . R.Br R.W.Johnson (L.) L. Kirk (J.Black) J.Black subsp. (Lam.) L.A.S.Johnson L. (F.Muell.) Mattf. (F.Muell.) (R.Br.) Hook.f. (R.Br.) F.Muell. tragus (Sm.) Benth. L. (R.Br.) Quinn (R.Br.) . (Sm.) F (F.Muell.) Quinn (F.Muell.) Labill. L. F.Muell. L. R.Br. ex DC. ex R.Br. . DC. R.Br. (Cav.) R. Br. (Cav.) R.Br. . (Sond.) Quinn Hook. P.A.Will. DC. (Forster & Forster f.) Hook.f. & Forster (Forster L. Sm. L. (Labill.) R. Br. (Schultes & Schultes f.) Druce R.Br. (Toelken) A.P.Druce & Sykes A.P.Druce (Toelken) (L.) J.S. & C.Presl. A.Cunn. (R.Br.) Mosyakin & Clemants (R.Br.) (L.) Hull Backh. ex Planchon Backh. ex Hook. Hook.f. Stapf L. Labill Forster & Forster f. & Forster Forster Hook L. R.Br. Brongn. R.Br. (L.) Vill. R.P. Gibson, B.J. Conn & Conran R.P. (F.Muell.) M.Gray (F.Muell.) Ard. (Kirk) Cockayne (Moench) Garcke Benth L.G.Adams A.J.Scott (R.Br.) Labill Thunb. Hook. L. Hook.f. L. (R.Br.) A.J.Scott subsp. (R.Br.) Crowden L. subsp. L. nocturna

Polycarpon tetraphyllum Polycarpon apetala Sagina Saponaria officinalis Silene gallica Silene Silene vulgaris rubra Spergularia Stellaria graminea Stellaria media Chenopodium album Chenopodium murale Sedum acre Sedum album Sedum rupestre Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group * * namadgi Sagina * biflorus Scleranthus brockiei Scleranthus diander Scleranthus fasciculatus Scleranthus singuliflorus Scleranthus * * * arvensis * Spergula * Stellaria angustifolia Stellaria flaccida * * Stellaria multiflora Stellaria pungens CASUARINACEAE Allocasuarina verticillata CELASTRACEAE monogyna Stackhousia pulvinaris Stackhousia viminea Stackhousia CHENOPODIACEAE * Chenopodium desertorum * Chenopodium detestans Chenopodium erosum * * Chenopodium vulvaria Dysphania pumilio Einadia hastata Einadia nutans Salsola australis Salsola tragus CONVOLVULACEAE angustissimus Convolvulus graminetinus Convolvulus repens Dichondra CRASSULACEAE helmsii Crassula peduncularis Crassula sieberiana Crassula tetramera Crassula * * * DILLENIACEAE Hibbertia obtusifolia Hibbertia pedunculata Hibbertia serpyllifolia DROSERACEAE arcturi Drosera auriculata Drosera binata Drosera hookeri Drosera peltata Drosera ELAEOCARPACEAE Elaeocarpus holopetalus ELATINACEAE Elatine gratioloides ERICACEAE hookeri Acrothamnus maccraei Acrothamnus montanus Acrothamnus divaricata Acrotriche serrulata Acrotriche humifusum Astroloma daphnoides Brachyloma * Calluna vulgaris Epacris breviflora Epacris celata Epacris glacialis Epacris gunnii Epacris impressa Epacris paludosa Epacris petrophila Epacris robusta 42 Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park J J J H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H G H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M M M M M M W W MC Source Alien Status Inv2 Nat Inv1 Unknown Inv4 Nat Inv2 Inv2 Inv1 Unknown Nat Unknown Unknown Unknown Inv1

Legal Status Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name White Waxberry Beard-heath Grey Pink Beard-heath Hairy Beard-Heath Common Beard-heath Peach Heath Urn Heath Broom Heath Carpet Heath Candle Heath Mallee Bitterbush Mountain Bertya Mitchell Bertya (Fine-haired Variant) Bush Wallaby Sticky Balsam Caper Spurge Eyebane Petty Spurge Box Micrantheum Small Poranthera Mountain Poranthera Bush Wedding Western Locust Honey Cassia Sprawling Slender Parrot-pea Matted Bossiaea Leafy Bossiaea Bossiaea Spiny Leafless Bossiaea River Mountain Psoralea English Broom Hop Bitter-pea Bitter-pea Narrow-leaf Blunt-leaf Bitter-pea Blunt-leaf Bitter-pea Gorse Bitter Pea Tick-trefoil Large Slender Tick-trefoil Slender Tick-trefoil Pea Matted Parrot Pea Parrot Showy Montpellier Broom Glycine Twining Glycine Clover Small-leaf Glycine Glycine Pea Pea Wedge Pale Pea Wedge Dwarf Golden Tip Sarsparilla False Common Hovea Mountain Purple Pea Mountain Beauty Indigo Tick Austral Indigo Austral Indigo Perennial Lespedeza Australian Trefoil Birds-foot Trefoil Birds-foot Trefoil Russell Lupin Spotted Burr Medic Black Medic Burr Medic Woolly Burr Medic Lucerne / Alfalfa Bokhara Twin Flower Beard-heath Flower Twin J.M.Powell (Cunn. ex DC.) Benth. (Cunn. ex brevisepalus (Thunb.) Steenis (Thunb.) pilibundus & Rowe Peter G.Wilson Crisp sericea asperifolia Andrews acris mimosoides hesperia australis tomentosa Halford & R.J.F.Hend sensu McDougall & Walsh (2007) Walsh & sensu McDougall A.Gray ruscifolia (Cav.) R. Br. var. R. Br. (Cav.) (L.) L.A.S.Johnson Hook.f. L. vestita A.Gray (Hook.) Crisp & P.H.Weston Benth. Brongn. F.Muell F.Muell. Boiss. A.Cunn. (Schneev.) Stearn (Schneev.) L. Sm. (Rchb. ex Hunze) J.W.Grimes ex (Rchb. Lindl. L. A.Cunn Halford & R.J.F.Hend. (Sm.) R. Br. A.Cunn. (Forster & Forster f.) R.Br. & Forster (Forster L. A.Cunn. ex Don A.Cunn. ex R. Br. subsp. R. Br. subsp. R. Br. Maiden & Betche subsp. R.Br. (Labill.) R.Br. L. (L.) Bartal. L. A.W.Hill (Vent.) Druce (Vent.) (Benth.) Tindale A.Cunn. ex Hook.f. A.Cunn. ex (L.) Hudson (F.Muell. ex Benth.) N.A.Wakef. ex (F.Muell. (Labill.) Endl. J.C.Wendl. species complex J.C.Wendl. (Meisn.) Benth. Jobson & P.H.Weston Willd. subsp. Willd. Subsp. Willd. L. Gaudich. var. Gaudich. var. Blakely A.Cunn. (L.) Link (Sm.) R.Br. Benth. ex Hook.f. Benth. ex (J.H.Willis) Crisp & P.H.Weston (J.H.Willis) I.Thomps. subsp. subsp. B.L.Burtt A.Cunn. L. Schk. (Smith) R.Br. subsp. A.Cunn. (L. f.) Pers. subsp. I.Thomps. R.Br. Medikus (Labill.) Benth. A.Cunn. ex Benth. A.Cunn. ex A.Cunn. Planch. Salisb. (Benth.) Randell (Hook.f.) J.H.Ross (Labill.) Miq. Halford & R.J.F.Hend Andrews F.Muell . heterophylla . heterophylla sp. aff Euphorbia maculata Euphorbia peplus Gleditsia triacanthos Cytisus scoparius Genista monspessulana Lotus corniculatus Lotus uliginosus Lupinus polyphyllus arabica Medicago lupulina Medicago polymorpha Medicago sativa Medicago Melilotus albus Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group Gaultheria appressa attenuatus Leucopogon ericoides Leucopogon fletcheri Leucopogon gelidus Leucopogon microphyllus Leucopogon virgatus Leucopogon Lissanthe strigosa urceolatus Melichrus Monotoca scoparia pumila Pentachondra continentis Richea EUPHORBIACEAE Adriana tomentosa Bertya findlayi Bertya oleifolia Bertya riparia Bertya tasmanica viscosa Beyeria Euphorbia drummondii * Euphorbia lathyris * * hexandrum Micrantheum microphylla Poranthera oreophila Poranthera Ricinocarpos bowmanii FABACEAE Caesalpinioideae Subfamily * Senna aciphylla Faboideae Subfamily Almaleea capitata Almaleea subumbellata Bossiaea buxifolia Bossiaea distichoclada Bossiaea foliosa Bossiaea obcordata Bossiaea riparia Bossiaea sericea Cullen microcephalum * Daviesia latifolia Daviesia leptophylla Daviesia mimosoides Daviesia mimosoides Daviesia ulicifolia Desmodium brachypodum Desmodium gunnii Desmodium varians Dillwynia palustris Dillwynia phylicoides Dillwynia prostrata Dillwynia sericea * Glycine clandestina Glycine latrobeana Glycine microphylla Glycine tabacina Gompholobium huegelii Gompholobium minus Goodia lotifolia violacea Hardenbergia asperifolia Hovea heterophylla Hovea montana Hovea rosmarinifolia Hovea Hovea adesmiifolia Indigofera australis Indigofera australis Indigofera Lespedeza juncea Lotus australis * * * * * minima * Medicago * * * Leucopogon fraseri Leucopogon Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park 43 J J J H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H G H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M M M M M M W W MC Source Alien Status Inv2 Nat Inv1 Unknown Inv4 Nat Inv2 Inv2 Inv1 Unknown Nat Unknown Unknown Unknown Inv1

Legal Status Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name White Waxberry Beard-heath Grey Pink Beard-heath Hairy Beard-Heath Common Beard-heath Peach Heath Urn Heath Broom Heath Carpet Heath Candle Heath Mallee Bitterbush Mountain Bertya Mitchell Bertya (Fine-haired Variant) Bush Wallaby Sticky Balsam Caper Spurge Eyebane Petty Spurge Box Micrantheum Small Poranthera Mountain Poranthera Bush Wedding Western Locust Honey Cassia Sprawling Slender Parrot-pea Matted Bossiaea Leafy Bossiaea Bossiaea Spiny Leafless Bossiaea River Mountain Psoralea English Broom Hop Bitter-pea Bitter-pea Narrow-leaf Blunt-leaf Bitter-pea Blunt-leaf Bitter-pea Gorse Bitter Pea Tick-trefoil Large Slender Tick-trefoil Slender Tick-trefoil Pea Matted Parrot Pea Parrot Showy Montpellier Broom Glycine Twining Glycine Clover Small-leaf Glycine Glycine Pea Pea Wedge Pale Pea Wedge Dwarf Golden Tip Sarsparilla False Common Hovea Mountain Purple Pea Mountain Beauty Indigo Tick Austral Indigo Austral Indigo Perennial Lespedeza Australian Trefoil Birds-foot Trefoil Birds-foot Trefoil Russell Lupin Spotted Burr Medic Black Medic Burr Medic Woolly Burr Medic Lucerne / Alfalfa Bokhara Twin Flower Beard-heath Flower Twin J.M.Powell (Cunn. ex DC.) Benth. (Cunn. ex brevisepalus (Thunb.) Steenis (Thunb.) pilibundus & Rowe Peter G.Wilson Crisp sericea asperifolia Andrews acris mimosoides hesperia australis tomentosa Halford & R.J.F.Hend sensu McDougall & Walsh (2007) Walsh & sensu McDougall A.Gray ruscifolia (Cav.) R. Br. var. R. Br. (Cav.) (L.) L.A.S.Johnson Hook.f. L. vestita A.Gray (Hook.) Crisp & P.H.Weston Benth. Brongn. F.Muell F.Muell. Boiss. A.Cunn. (Schneev.) Stearn (Schneev.) L. Sm. (Rchb. ex Hunze) J.W.Grimes ex (Rchb. Lindl. L. A.Cunn Halford & R.J.F.Hend. (Sm.) R. Br. A.Cunn. (Forster & Forster f.) R.Br. & Forster (Forster L. A.Cunn. ex Don A.Cunn. ex R. Br. subsp. R. Br. subsp. R. Br. Maiden & Betche subsp. R.Br. (Labill.) R.Br. L. (L.) Bartal. L. A.W.Hill (Vent.) Druce (Vent.) (Benth.) Tindale A.Cunn. ex Hook.f. A.Cunn. ex (L.) Hudson (F.Muell. ex Benth.) N.A.Wakef. ex (F.Muell. (Labill.) Endl. J.C.Wendl. species complex J.C.Wendl. (Meisn.) Benth. Jobson & P.H.Weston Willd. subsp. Willd. Subsp. Willd. L. Gaudich. var. Gaudich. var. Blakely A.Cunn. (L.) Link (Sm.) R.Br. Benth. ex Hook.f. Benth. ex (J.H.Willis) Crisp & P.H.Weston (J.H.Willis) I.Thomps. subsp. subsp. B.L.Burtt A.Cunn. L. Schk. (Smith) R.Br. subsp. A.Cunn. (L. f.) Pers. subsp. I.Thomps. R.Br. Medikus (Labill.) Benth. A.Cunn. ex Benth. A.Cunn. ex A.Cunn. Planch. Salisb. (Benth.) Randell (Hook.f.) J.H.Ross (Labill.) Miq. Halford & R.J.F.Hend Andrews F.Muell . heterophylla . heterophylla sp. aff Euphorbia maculata Euphorbia peplus Gleditsia triacanthos Cytisus scoparius Genista monspessulana Lotus corniculatus Lotus uliginosus Lupinus polyphyllus arabica Medicago lupulina Medicago polymorpha Medicago sativa Medicago Melilotus albus Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group Gaultheria appressa attenuatus Leucopogon ericoides Leucopogon fletcheri Leucopogon gelidus Leucopogon microphyllus Leucopogon virgatus Leucopogon Lissanthe strigosa urceolatus Melichrus Monotoca scoparia pumila Pentachondra continentis Richea EUPHORBIACEAE Adriana tomentosa Bertya findlayi Bertya oleifolia Bertya riparia Bertya tasmanica viscosa Beyeria Euphorbia drummondii * Euphorbia lathyris * * hexandrum Micrantheum microphylla Poranthera oreophila Poranthera Ricinocarpos bowmanii FABACEAE Caesalpinioideae Subfamily * Senna aciphylla Faboideae Subfamily Almaleea capitata Almaleea subumbellata Bossiaea buxifolia Bossiaea distichoclada Bossiaea foliosa Bossiaea obcordata Bossiaea riparia Bossiaea sericea Cullen microcephalum * Daviesia latifolia Daviesia leptophylla Daviesia mimosoides Daviesia mimosoides Daviesia ulicifolia Desmodium brachypodum Desmodium gunnii Desmodium varians Dillwynia palustris Dillwynia phylicoides Dillwynia prostrata Dillwynia sericea * Glycine clandestina Glycine latrobeana Glycine microphylla Glycine tabacina Gompholobium huegelii Gompholobium minus Goodia lotifolia violacea Hardenbergia asperifolia Hovea heterophylla Hovea montana Hovea rosmarinifolia Hovea Hovea adesmiifolia Indigofera australis Indigofera australis Indigofera Lespedeza juncea Lotus australis * * * * * minima * Medicago * * * Leucopogon fraseri Leucopogon 44 Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park J J J C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M M M W W W W JB MC MC MC Source Alien Status Inv1 Nat Nat Inv2 Inv1 Unknown Inv3 Inv2 Unknown Unknown Unknown Nat Inv3 Inv1 Unknown Unknown Inv3 Nat Unknown Nat Unknown

Legal Status Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Scent Hexham Prickly Mirbelia Shaggy Pea Tall Common Shaggy Pea Mountain Mirbelia Alpine Shaggy Pea Shaggy Pea Trailing Bush-pea Blakely’s Hard-head Bush-pea Bundled Bush Pea Prickly Bush-pea Spreading Bush-pea Bush Pea Dusky Bush-pea Heathy Bush-pea Stony Bush-pea Spiny Bush-pea Low Cupped Bush-pea Black Locust Leafless Globe-pea Swainson-pea Behr’s Notched Swainson-pea Clover Kura Haresfoot Clover Hop Clover Clover Drooping-flowered Suckling Clover Yellow Clustered Clover Rose Clover Clover Alsike Crimson Clover Red Clover White Clover Knotted Clover Subterranean Clover Russian Vetch Alpine Wattle Boomerang Wattle Wattle Snowy River Heath Wattle Wattle Box-leaved Catkin Wattle Wattle Silver Wattle Silver Ploughshare Wattle Wattle Hickory Wattle Buffalo Wattle Kybean Cinnamon Wattle Black Wattle Blackwood Wattle Narrow-leaved Mountain Hickory Thorn Kangaroo Mountain Hickory Wattle Wedge-leaved Golden Wattle Wattle Red-leaved Dagger Wattle Bodalla Wattle Silver Sunshine Wattle Prickly Moses Wattle Varnish Common Centaury Branched Centaury Square Cicendia Early Forest-gentian Late Forest-gentian Centaury Yellow Common Storksbill Blue Storksbill Crowfoot Musky Rosetted Crane’s-bill Green Wattle Currawang Hickory Broad-leaved White Sally Wattle (F.Muell. ex N.A.Wakef.)Tind. ex (F.Muell. paucijuga (L.G.Adams) Glenny penninervis . subsp. Tindale & Kodela Tindale buxifolia Link et al alpestris Maslin & D.J.Murphy (Domb. ex Lam.) Griseb. ex (Domb. (Hoffm. & Link) Fritsch ex Janch. & Link) Fritsch ex (Hoffm. L. Sm. (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Crisp & P.H.Weston ex F.Muell. (F.Muell.) subsp. L. Rafn. I.Thomps. dealbata subalpina L. Aiton f. Sieber ex DC. Sieber ex L. (L.G.Adams) Glenny A.Cunn. (L.) L’Her. ex Aiton ex (L.) L’Her. Bieb. Sieber ex DC. Sieber ex F.Muell. Schreber (L.) L’Her. ex Aiton ex (L.) L’Her. Benth. (Labill.) R.Br. A.Cunn. ex Benth. A.Cunn. ex Benth. L. (L.G.Adams) Glenny Labill. Tindale Carolin L. (F.Muell.) Crisp & P.H.Weston (F.Muell.) Brot. F.Muell. ex J. Black ex F.Muell. L. R.Br. Maiden A.Cunn. Maiden (L.) All. Maiden & Blakely A.Cunn. L. Benth. F.Muell. A.Cunn. ex Benth. A.Cunn. ex Sibth. Joy Thomps Joy Sieber ex DC. Var. Var. DC. Sieber ex (DC.) H.B.Will (Vent.) Willd. (Vent.) F.Muell All. DC. A.Cunn. L. Carolin A.Cunn. ex G.Don A.Cunn. ex Maiden Benth. sens. lat. DC. (Salisb.) Court (Salisb.) Tindale A.Cunn. subsp. subsp. subsp. De Wild. H.L.Wendl. Benth. (Poiret) Steudel Roth A.Cunn. (R.Baker) Welch Welch (R.Baker) F.Muell. Benth. (Labill.) R.Br. Robinia pseudoacacia ambiguum Trifolium arvense Trifolium campestre Trifolium cernuum Trifolium dubium Trifolium glomeratum Trifolium hirtum Trifolium hybridum Trifolium incarnatum Trifolium pratense Trifolium repens Trifolium subterraneum Trifolium villosa Vicia Centaurium erythraea Centaurium tenuiflorum Cicendia quadrangularis cicutarium Erodium moschatum Erodium Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group * Melilotus indicus Mirbelia oxylobioides Mirbelia pungens Oxylobium arborescens Oxylobium ellipticum Platylobium montanum alpestre Podolobium procumbens Podolobium Pultenaea blakelyi Pultenaea capitellata Pultenaea fasciculata Pultenaea juniperina Pultenaea microphylla Pultenaea polifolia Pultenaea procumbens Pultenaea setulosa Pultenaea spinosa Pultenaea subspicata Pultenaea vrolandii * vimineum Sphaerolobium Swainsona behriana Swainsona monticola * * * * * * * * * * * striatum * Trifolium * * Subfamily Mimosoideae Acacia alpina Acacia amoena Acacia boormanii Acacia brownii Acacia buxifolia Acacia dallachiana Acacia dealbata Acacia dealbata Acacia deanei Acacia gunnii Acacia implexa Acacia kettlewelliae Acacia kybeanensis graveolens var. Acacia leprosa Acacia mearnsii Acacia melanoxylon Acacia mucronata Acacia obliquinervia Acacia paradoxa Acacia penninervis Acacia pravissima Acacia pycnantha Acacia rubida Acacia siculiformis Acacia silvestris Acacia terminalis Acacia ulicifolia Acacia verniciflua GENTIANACEAE * * * Gentianella muelleriana Gentianella polysperes Gentianella sylvicola Sebaea ovata GERANIACEAE * crinitum Erodium * antrorsum Geranium Acacia doratoxylon Acacia falciformis Acacia floribunda Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park 45 J J J C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M M M W W W W JB MC MC MC Source Alien Status Inv1 Nat Nat Inv2 Inv1 Unknown Inv3 Inv2 Unknown Unknown Unknown Nat Inv3 Inv1 Unknown Unknown Inv3 Nat Unknown Nat Unknown

Legal Status Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Scent Hexham Prickly Mirbelia Shaggy Pea Tall Common Shaggy Pea Mountain Mirbelia Alpine Shaggy Pea Shaggy Pea Trailing Bush-pea Blakely’s Hard-head Bush-pea Bundled Bush Pea Prickly Bush-pea Spreading Bush-pea Bush Pea Dusky Bush-pea Heathy Bush-pea Stony Bush-pea Spiny Bush-pea Low Cupped Bush-pea Black Locust Leafless Globe-pea Swainson-pea Behr’s Notched Swainson-pea Clover Kura Haresfoot Clover Hop Clover Clover Drooping-flowered Suckling Clover Yellow Clustered Clover Rose Clover Clover Alsike Crimson Clover Red Clover White Clover Knotted Clover Subterranean Clover Russian Vetch Alpine Wattle Boomerang Wattle Wattle Snowy River Heath Wattle Wattle Box-leaved Catkin Wattle Wattle Silver Wattle Silver Ploughshare Wattle Wattle Hickory Wattle Buffalo Wattle Kybean Cinnamon Wattle Black Wattle Blackwood Wattle Narrow-leaved Mountain Hickory Thorn Kangaroo Mountain Hickory Wattle Wedge-leaved Golden Wattle Wattle Red-leaved Dagger Wattle Bodalla Wattle Silver Sunshine Wattle Prickly Moses Wattle Varnish Common Centaury Branched Centaury Square Cicendia Early Forest-gentian Late Forest-gentian Centaury Yellow Common Storksbill Blue Storksbill Crowfoot Musky Rosetted Crane’s-bill Green Wattle Currawang Hickory Broad-leaved White Sally Wattle (F.Muell. ex N.A.Wakef.)Tind. ex (F.Muell. paucijuga (L.G.Adams) Glenny penninervis . subsp. Tindale & Kodela Tindale buxifolia Link et al alpestris Maslin & D.J.Murphy (Domb. ex Lam.) Griseb. ex (Domb. (Hoffm. & Link) Fritsch ex Janch. & Link) Fritsch ex (Hoffm. L. Sm. (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Crisp & P.H.Weston ex F.Muell. (F.Muell.) subsp. L. Rafn. I.Thomps. dealbata subalpina L. Aiton f. Sieber ex DC. Sieber ex L. (L.G.Adams) Glenny A.Cunn. (L.) L’Her. ex Aiton ex (L.) L’Her. Bieb. Sieber ex DC. Sieber ex F.Muell. Schreber (L.) L’Her. ex Aiton ex (L.) L’Her. Benth. (Labill.) R.Br. A.Cunn. ex Benth. A.Cunn. ex Benth. L. (L.G.Adams) Glenny Labill. Tindale Carolin L. (F.Muell.) Crisp & P.H.Weston (F.Muell.) Brot. F.Muell. ex J. Black ex F.Muell. L. R.Br. Maiden A.Cunn. Maiden (L.) All. Maiden & Blakely A.Cunn. L. Benth. F.Muell. A.Cunn. ex Benth. A.Cunn. ex Sibth. Joy Thomps Joy Sieber ex DC. Var. Var. DC. Sieber ex (DC.) H.B.Will (Vent.) Willd. (Vent.) F.Muell All. DC. A.Cunn. L. Carolin A.Cunn. ex G.Don A.Cunn. ex Maiden Benth. sens. lat. DC. (Salisb.) Court (Salisb.) Tindale A.Cunn. subsp. subsp. subsp. De Wild. H.L.Wendl. Benth. (Poiret) Steudel Roth A.Cunn. (R.Baker) Welch Welch (R.Baker) F.Muell. Benth. (Labill.) R.Br. Robinia pseudoacacia ambiguum Trifolium arvense Trifolium campestre Trifolium cernuum Trifolium dubium Trifolium glomeratum Trifolium hirtum Trifolium hybridum Trifolium incarnatum Trifolium pratense Trifolium repens Trifolium subterraneum Trifolium villosa Vicia Centaurium erythraea Centaurium tenuiflorum Cicendia quadrangularis cicutarium Erodium moschatum Erodium Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group * Melilotus indicus Mirbelia oxylobioides Mirbelia pungens Oxylobium arborescens Oxylobium ellipticum Platylobium montanum alpestre Podolobium procumbens Podolobium Pultenaea blakelyi Pultenaea capitellata Pultenaea fasciculata Pultenaea juniperina Pultenaea microphylla Pultenaea polifolia Pultenaea procumbens Pultenaea setulosa Pultenaea spinosa Pultenaea subspicata Pultenaea vrolandii * vimineum Sphaerolobium Swainsona behriana Swainsona monticola * * * * * * * * * * * striatum * Trifolium * * Subfamily Mimosoideae Acacia alpina Acacia amoena Acacia boormanii Acacia brownii Acacia buxifolia Acacia dallachiana Acacia dealbata Acacia dealbata Acacia deanei Acacia gunnii Acacia implexa Acacia kettlewelliae Acacia kybeanensis graveolens var. Acacia leprosa Acacia mearnsii Acacia melanoxylon Acacia mucronata Acacia obliquinervia Acacia paradoxa Acacia penninervis Acacia pravissima Acacia pycnantha Acacia rubida Acacia siculiformis Acacia silvestris Acacia terminalis Acacia ulicifolia Acacia verniciflua GENTIANACEAE * * * Gentianella muelleriana Gentianella polysperes Gentianella sylvicola Sebaea ovata GERANIACEAE * crinitum Erodium * antrorsum Geranium Acacia doratoxylon Acacia falciformis Acacia floribunda 46 Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park T T T C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H K H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M M W W W JB Source Alien Status Unknown Nat Nat Inv1 Cult Inv2 Inv1 Unknown Inv1 Unknown Cult Inv3 Nat Cult

Legal Status Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Alpine Crane’s-bill Rough Crane’s-bill Rainforest Crane’s-bill Cranesbill Geranium Crane’s-bill Kosciuszko Soft Crane’s-bill Bill Common Crane’s Geranium Native Stork’s-bill Native Alpine Stork’s-bill Kopata Magenta Stork’s-bill Ivy Goodenia Hop Goodenia Cut-leaf Goodenia Flower Creeping Fan Mountain Velleia Spur Velleia Gooseberry Creeping Raspwort Mat Raspwort Common Raspwort Rough Raspwort Shrubby Raspwort Alpine Water-milfoil Crested Water-milfoil Mat Water-milfoil Water-milfoil Lake Water-milfoil Varied Canadian Pondweed Eel Grass Tutsan Beard Aaron’s Wort Small St. John’s Wort Matted St John’s Wort St. John’s Austral Bugle Australian Gipsywort Horehound Lemon Balm Mint River Slender Mint Mint Forest Pennyroyal Pennyroyal Native Spearmint Oregano Cockspur Flower Alpine Mint-bush Dense Mintbush Hairy Mintbush Christmas Bush Victorian Mint-bush Buffalo Mint-bush Spiked Mint-bush Round-leaved Self-heal Sage Wild Skullcap Dwarf Stachys Woolly Germander Forest Slender Westringia Shining Westringia Coarse Dodder-laurel Twine Devil’s Aprons Fairy Bladderwort Tasmanian Carolin pedunculatum abditum potentilloides (K.Krause) Carolin micranthus solanderi alpestris hederacea (F.Muell.) Orch. (F.Muell.) . Hook.f. subsp. Orch. L. (Sm.) Druce lat Mitch. ex Lindl Mitch. ex

Hook.f. R.Br. Carolin Willd. F.Muell. Orch. L. L’Her. ex DC. var. DC. var. ex L’Her. DC. var. ex L’Her. Thunb. subsp. Thunb. F.Muell. Cav. Labill. L. B.J.Conn. Labill. R.Br. (Hook.f.) Orch. Brongn. Labill. Willd. G.Forst. Hook.f. Orch. Turcz Thunb. Schltdl. sens Benth. L. Willd. Michx. A.Cunn. ex Benth. A.Cunn. ex Hook. L. Sm. subsp. Sm. subsp. Carolin L’Her. ex DC. ex L’Her. F.Muell. Ex. Benth. F.Muell. K.Koch R.Br. albida L. Carolin var. Carolin var. R.Br. de Lange Peter G. Wilson & Makinson Wilson Peter G. L. L. L. R.Br. R.Br. L. Spreng. L. var molle L. var B.Boivin R.Br. L. (Vriese) F.Muell. ex Hook.f. ex (Vriese) F.Muell. R.Br R.Br. R.Br. Benth. var. Hook.f. Smith R.Br. R.Br. sp. 2 (Flora of Victoria) sp. 2 (Flora of spicata sp. Pale pink flowers (M.Gray 5847) Vic. Herbarium Vic. (M.Gray 5847) pink flowers sp. Pale

Geranium molle Geranium Ribes uva-crispa Hypericum androsaemum Hypericum calycinum Hypericum perforatum Marrubium vulgare Melissa officinalis Mentha pulegium Mentha Origanum vulgare Prunella vulgaris Salvia verbenaca byzantina Stachys GROSSULARIACEAE Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group brevicaule Geranium gardneri Geranium homeanum Geranium * obtusisepalum Geranium potentilloides Geranium potentilloides Geranium retrorsum Geranium sessiliflorum Geranium solanderi Geranium Geranium Geranium australe Pelargonium helmsii Pelargonium inodorum Pelargonium rodneyanum Pelargonium GOODENIACEAE Goodenia hederacea Goodenia hederacea Goodenia ovata Goodenia pinnatifida albida Scaevola hookeri Scaevola montana Velleia paradoxa Velleia * HALORAGACEAE Gonocarpus micranthus Gonocarpus montanus Gonocarpus tetragynus heterophylla Haloragis milesiae Haloragis baeuerlenii Haloragodendron Myriophyllum alpinum Myriophyllum lophatum Myriophyllum pedunculatum Myriophyllum salsugineum Myriophyllum variifolium HYDROCHARITACEAE * Elodea canadensis nana Vallisneria HYPERICACEAE * * Hypericum gramineum Hypericum japonicum * LAMIACEAE Ajuga australis australis Lycopus * * Mentha australis Mentha diemenica Mentha laxiflora * Mentha satureioides * * parviflorus Plectranthus cuneata Prostanthera decussata Prostanthera hirtula Prostanthera lasianthos Prostanthera monticola Prostanthera phylicifolia Prostanthera rotundifolia Prostanthera * * Scutellaria humilis * corymbosum Teucrium eremicola Westringia lucida Westringia LAURACEAE Cassytha melantha Cassytha pubescens LENTIBULARIACEAE Utricularia dichotoma Utricularia monanthos Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park 47 T T T C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H K H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M M W W W JB Source Alien Status Unknown Nat Nat Inv1 Cult Inv2 Inv1 Unknown Inv1 Unknown Cult Inv3 Nat Cult

Legal Status Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Alpine Crane’s-bill Rough Crane’s-bill Rainforest Crane’s-bill Cranesbill Geranium Crane’s-bill Kosciuszko Soft Crane’s-bill Bill Common Crane’s Geranium Native Stork’s-bill Native Alpine Stork’s-bill Kopata Magenta Stork’s-bill Ivy Goodenia Hop Goodenia Cut-leaf Goodenia Flower Creeping Fan Mountain Velleia Spur Velleia Gooseberry Creeping Raspwort Mat Raspwort Common Raspwort Rough Raspwort Shrubby Raspwort Alpine Water-milfoil Crested Water-milfoil Mat Water-milfoil Water-milfoil Lake Water-milfoil Varied Canadian Pondweed Eel Grass Tutsan Beard Aaron’s Wort Small St. John’s Wort Matted St John’s Wort St. John’s Austral Bugle Australian Gipsywort Horehound Lemon Balm Mint River Slender Mint Mint Forest Pennyroyal Pennyroyal Native Spearmint Oregano Cockspur Flower Alpine Mint-bush Dense Mintbush Hairy Mintbush Christmas Bush Victorian Mint-bush Buffalo Mint-bush Spiked Mint-bush Round-leaved Self-heal Sage Wild Skullcap Dwarf Stachys Woolly Germander Forest Slender Westringia Shining Westringia Coarse Dodder-laurel Twine Devil’s Aprons Fairy Bladderwort Tasmanian Carolin pedunculatum abditum potentilloides (K.Krause) Carolin micranthus solanderi alpestris hederacea (F.Muell.) Orch. (F.Muell.) . Hook.f. subsp. Orch. L. (Sm.) Druce lat Mitch. ex Lindl Mitch. ex

Hook.f. R.Br. Carolin Willd. F.Muell. Orch. L. L’Her. ex DC. var. DC. var. ex L’Her. DC. var. ex L’Her. Thunb. subsp. Thunb. F.Muell. Cav. Labill. L. B.J.Conn. Labill. R.Br. (Hook.f.) Orch. Brongn. Labill. Willd. G.Forst. Hook.f. Orch. Turcz Thunb. Schltdl. sens Benth. L. Willd. Michx. A.Cunn. ex Benth. A.Cunn. ex Hook. L. Sm. subsp. Sm. subsp. Carolin L’Her. ex DC. ex L’Her. F.Muell. Ex. Benth. F.Muell. K.Koch R.Br. albida L. Carolin var. Carolin var. R.Br. de Lange Peter G. Wilson & Makinson Wilson Peter G. L. L. L. R.Br. R.Br. L. Spreng. L. var molle L. var B.Boivin R.Br. L. (Vriese) F.Muell. ex Hook.f. ex (Vriese) F.Muell. R.Br R.Br. R.Br. Benth. var. Hook.f. Smith R.Br. R.Br. sp. 2 (Flora of Victoria) sp. 2 (Flora of spicata sp. Pale pink flowers (M.Gray 5847) Vic. Herbarium Vic. (M.Gray 5847) pink flowers sp. Pale

Geranium molle Geranium Ribes uva-crispa Hypericum androsaemum Hypericum calycinum Hypericum perforatum Marrubium vulgare Melissa officinalis Mentha pulegium Mentha Origanum vulgare Prunella vulgaris Salvia verbenaca byzantina Stachys GROSSULARIACEAE Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group brevicaule Geranium gardneri Geranium homeanum Geranium * obtusisepalum Geranium potentilloides Geranium potentilloides Geranium retrorsum Geranium sessiliflorum Geranium solanderi Geranium Geranium Geranium australe Pelargonium helmsii Pelargonium inodorum Pelargonium rodneyanum Pelargonium GOODENIACEAE Goodenia hederacea Goodenia hederacea Goodenia ovata Goodenia pinnatifida albida Scaevola hookeri Scaevola montana Velleia paradoxa Velleia * HALORAGACEAE Gonocarpus micranthus Gonocarpus montanus Gonocarpus tetragynus heterophylla Haloragis milesiae Haloragis baeuerlenii Haloragodendron Myriophyllum alpinum Myriophyllum lophatum Myriophyllum pedunculatum Myriophyllum salsugineum Myriophyllum variifolium HYDROCHARITACEAE * Elodea canadensis nana Vallisneria HYPERICACEAE * * Hypericum gramineum Hypericum japonicum * LAMIACEAE Ajuga australis australis Lycopus * * Mentha australis Mentha diemenica Mentha laxiflora * Mentha satureioides * * parviflorus Plectranthus cuneata Prostanthera decussata Prostanthera hirtula Prostanthera lasianthos Prostanthera monticola Prostanthera phylicifolia Prostanthera rotundifolia Prostanthera * * Scutellaria humilis * corymbosum Teucrium eremicola Westringia lucida Westringia LAURACEAE Cassytha melantha Cassytha pubescens LENTIBULARIACEAE Utricularia dichotoma Utricularia monanthos 48 Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park J T H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H G H H H H H H H H H H H H H A H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M M M M M M W W W W Source Alien Status Unknown Unknown Nat Nat Cult Inv1 Legal

Status

E (TSC) Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Flax Native leaf Logania Narrow Mitrewort Thyme Box Mistletoe Mistletoe Fleshy Drooping Mistletoe Mistletoe Grey Hyssop Loosestrife Purple Loosestrife Kurrajong Hempbush Mallow Dwarf of Nice Mallow Mallow Small-flowered Hollyhock Native Mallow Red-flowered Sida Corrugated Lime Broad-leaved Marshwort Mulberry Native Fig Alpine Baeckea Subalpine Baeckea Mountain Baeckea Lemon Bottlebrush Alpine Bottlebrush Bottlebrush River Common Fringe-myrtle White Box Red Gum Blakely’s Apple Box Red Gum River Sally Broad-leaved Bogong Gum Mountain Gum Alpine Ash Peppermint Broad-leaved Barrel Brown Gum Tingiringi Eurabbie Bundy Mallee Kybean Gum Snow Weeping Red Stringybark Brittle Gum Box Yellow Bundy Large-flowered Gum Swamp Gum Snow Gum Snow Gum Snow Spinning Gum Red Box Peppermint Robertson’s Inland Scribbly Gum Candlebark Mallee Buggan Suggan Black Sally Ribbon Gum Burgan Kunzea Yellow Crimson Kunzea Prickly Teatree Prickly Teatree Teatree Woolly Prickly Tea-tree Teatree Woolly Button Tea-tree Teatree Silver pendulum pauciflora L.A.S.Johnson & K.Hill Schauer R.Baker rubida (Maiden) L.A.S.Johnson & Blaxell dalrympleana quandang (Maiden & Blakely) L.A.S.Johnson & (Maiden & Blakely) (Blakely) Barlow (Blakely) humeana (Blakely) L.A.S.Johnson & Blaxell (Blakely) (Maiden, Blakely & Simmonds) J.B.Kirkp. (Maiden, Blakely mannifera polyanthemos delegatensis debeuzevillei niphophila Sm. Joy Thomps. Joy Miq. bicostata Sm. boormanii robertsonii F.Muell. ex Benth. ex F.Muell. Dehnh. A.Cunn. (Aiton) Sm. Maiden subsp. subsp. Cameron (Maiden & Betche) Trudgen (Maiden & Betche) R.Br. (Schott & Endl.) R.Br. subsp. F.Muell. Maiden & Blakely Maiden & Cambage R.Baker A.Cunn. F.Muell. ex Miq. ex F.Muell. A.Cunn. ex Schauer A.Cunn. ex (L.) G.Don F.Muell. ex Rodway ex F.Muell. subsp. subsp. Sprengel subsp. Sieber ex Mudie subsp. R.Baker subsp. R.Baker F.Muell. Aston L.A.S.Johnson & K.Hill L. subsp. Sieber ex DC. Sieber ex Labill. (Bonpl.) DC. Deane & Maiden subsp. J.B.Kirkp. & Brooker Scop. (Blakely) L.A.S.Johnson (Blakely) Maiden DC. All. (Lindley) Tiegh. var. var. Tiegh. (Lindley) subsp. L. Alef. (Willd.) A.J. Whalen & B.J. Conn A.J. Labill. Schauer Deane & Maiden subsp. Benth. Miq. L. Labill. Schauer (A.Rich.) Thomps. Joy (Andrews) Druce (Andrews) (Benth.) A.R.Bean (Lehm. ex Miq.) Tiegh. Miq.) (Lehm. ex (Sieber ex Streng.) Tiegh. subsp. Tiegh. Streng.) (Sieber ex Wallr. A.Cunn. R.Baker & H.G.Sm. R.Baker Schauer Benth. Lindl. L. F.Muell ex Miq. ex F.Muell Malva neglecta Malva nicaeensis Malva parviflora Modiola caroliniana platyphyllos Tilia carica Ficus Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group LINACEAE Linum marginale LOGANIACEAE albiflora Logania granitica Logania serpyllifolia Mitrasacme LORANTHACEAE Amyema miquelii Amyema miraculosa Amyema pendula Amyema quandang LYTHRACEAE hyssopifolia Lythrum salicaria Lythrum MALVACEAE populneus Brachychiton Gynatrix pulchella * * * Malva preissiana * Sida corrugata * MENYANTHACEAE Nymphoides montana MONIMIACEAE Hedycarya angustifolia MORACEAE * MYRTACEAE gunniana Baeckea latifolia Baeckea utilis Baeckea Callistemon pallidus Callistemon pityoides Callistemon sieberi Calytrix tetragona Eucalyptus albens Eucalyptus blakelyi Eucalyptus bridgesiana Eucalyptus camaldulensis Eucalyptus camphora Eucalyptus chapmaniana Eucalyptus dalrympleana Eucalyptus delegatensis Eucalyptus dives Eucalyptus fastigata Eucalyptus glaucescens Eucalyptus globulus Eucalyptus goniocalyx Eucalyptus kybeanensis Eucalyptus lacrimans Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Eucalyptus mannifera Eucalyptus melliodora Eucalyptus nortonii Eucalyptus ovata Eucalyptus pauciflora Eucalyptus pauciflora Blaxell Eucalyptus pauciflora Eucalyptus perriniana Eucalyptus polyanthemos Eucalyptus radiata Eucalyptus rossii Eucalyptus rubida Eucalyptus saxatilis Eucalyptus stellulata Eucalyptus viminalis Euryomyrtus denticulata ericoides Kunzea muelleri Kunzea parvifolia Kunzea Leptospermum brevipes Leptospermum continentale Leptospermum grandifolium Leptospermum juniperinum Leptospermum lanigerum Leptospermum micromyrtus Leptospermum multicaule Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park 49 J T H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H G H H H H H H H H H H H H H A H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M M M M M M W W W W Source Alien Status Unknown Unknown Nat Nat Cult Inv1 Legal

Status

E (TSC) Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Flax Native leaf Logania Narrow Mitrewort Thyme Box Mistletoe Mistletoe Fleshy Drooping Mistletoe Mistletoe Grey Hyssop Loosestrife Purple Loosestrife Kurrajong Hempbush Mallow Dwarf of Nice Mallow Mallow Small-flowered Hollyhock Native Mallow Red-flowered Sida Corrugated Lime Broad-leaved Marshwort Mulberry Native Fig Alpine Baeckea Subalpine Baeckea Mountain Baeckea Lemon Bottlebrush Alpine Bottlebrush Bottlebrush River Common Fringe-myrtle White Box Red Gum Blakely’s Apple Box Red Gum River Sally Broad-leaved Bogong Gum Mountain Gum Alpine Ash Peppermint Broad-leaved Barrel Brown Gum Tingiringi Eurabbie Bundy Mallee Kybean Gum Snow Weeping Red Stringybark Brittle Gum Box Yellow Bundy Large-flowered Gum Swamp Gum Snow Gum Snow Gum Snow Spinning Gum Red Box Peppermint Robertson’s Inland Scribbly Gum Candlebark Mallee Buggan Suggan Black Sally Ribbon Gum Burgan Kunzea Yellow Crimson Kunzea Prickly Teatree Prickly Teatree Teatree Woolly Prickly Tea-tree Teatree Woolly Button Tea-tree Teatree Silver pendulum pauciflora L.A.S.Johnson & K.Hill Schauer R.Baker rubida (Maiden) L.A.S.Johnson & Blaxell dalrympleana quandang (Maiden & Blakely) L.A.S.Johnson & (Maiden & Blakely) (Blakely) Barlow (Blakely) humeana (Blakely) L.A.S.Johnson & Blaxell (Blakely) (Maiden, Blakely & Simmonds) J.B.Kirkp. (Maiden, Blakely mannifera polyanthemos delegatensis debeuzevillei niphophila Sm. Joy Thomps. Joy Miq. bicostata Sm. boormanii robertsonii F.Muell. ex Benth. ex F.Muell. Dehnh. A.Cunn. (Aiton) Sm. Maiden subsp. subsp. Cameron (Maiden & Betche) Trudgen (Maiden & Betche) R.Br. (Schott & Endl.) R.Br. subsp. F.Muell. Maiden & Blakely Maiden & Cambage R.Baker A.Cunn. F.Muell. ex Miq. ex F.Muell. A.Cunn. ex Schauer A.Cunn. ex (L.) G.Don F.Muell. ex Rodway ex F.Muell. subsp. subsp. Sprengel subsp. Sieber ex Mudie subsp. R.Baker subsp. R.Baker F.Muell. Aston L.A.S.Johnson & K.Hill L. subsp. Sieber ex DC. Sieber ex Labill. (Bonpl.) DC. Deane & Maiden subsp. J.B.Kirkp. & Brooker Scop. (Blakely) L.A.S.Johnson (Blakely) Maiden DC. All. (Lindley) Tiegh. var. var. Tiegh. (Lindley) subsp. L. Alef. (Willd.) A.J. Whalen & B.J. Conn A.J. Labill. Schauer Deane & Maiden subsp. Benth. Miq. L. Labill. Schauer (A.Rich.) Thomps. Joy (Andrews) Druce (Andrews) (Benth.) A.R.Bean (Lehm. ex Miq.) Tiegh. Miq.) (Lehm. ex (Sieber ex Streng.) Tiegh. subsp. Tiegh. Streng.) (Sieber ex Wallr. A.Cunn. R.Baker & H.G.Sm. R.Baker Schauer Benth. Lindl. L. F.Muell ex Miq. ex F.Muell Malva neglecta Malva nicaeensis Malva parviflora Modiola caroliniana platyphyllos Tilia carica Ficus Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group LINACEAE Linum marginale LOGANIACEAE albiflora Logania granitica Logania serpyllifolia Mitrasacme LORANTHACEAE Amyema miquelii Amyema miraculosa Amyema pendula Amyema quandang LYTHRACEAE hyssopifolia Lythrum salicaria Lythrum MALVACEAE populneus Brachychiton Gynatrix pulchella * * * Malva preissiana * Sida corrugata * MENYANTHACEAE Nymphoides montana MONIMIACEAE Hedycarya angustifolia MORACEAE * MYRTACEAE gunniana Baeckea latifolia Baeckea utilis Baeckea Callistemon pallidus Callistemon pityoides Callistemon sieberi Calytrix tetragona Eucalyptus albens Eucalyptus blakelyi Eucalyptus bridgesiana Eucalyptus camaldulensis Eucalyptus camphora Eucalyptus chapmaniana Eucalyptus dalrympleana Eucalyptus delegatensis Eucalyptus dives Eucalyptus fastigata Eucalyptus glaucescens Eucalyptus globulus Eucalyptus goniocalyx Eucalyptus kybeanensis Eucalyptus lacrimans Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Eucalyptus mannifera Eucalyptus melliodora Eucalyptus nortonii Eucalyptus ovata Eucalyptus pauciflora Eucalyptus pauciflora Blaxell Eucalyptus pauciflora Eucalyptus perriniana Eucalyptus polyanthemos Eucalyptus radiata Eucalyptus rossii Eucalyptus rubida Eucalyptus saxatilis Eucalyptus stellulata Eucalyptus viminalis Euryomyrtus denticulata ericoides Kunzea muelleri Kunzea parvifolia Kunzea Leptospermum brevipes Leptospermum continentale Leptospermum grandifolium Leptospermum juniperinum Leptospermum lanigerum Leptospermum micromyrtus Leptospermum multicaule 50 Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park J J T T T H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M M M M W W JB MC Source Alien Status Cult Cult Inv2 Unknown Nat Cult Unknown Nat Nat Unknown Unknown Nat Inv2 Unknown Nat Inv2 Nat Inv2 Nat Inv1 Unknown Unknown Cult Inv2 Nat Nat

Legal Status Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Myrtle Tea-tree Creek Tea-tree Teatree Tantoon Tarvine European Privet Mock-olive Privet Common Lilac Glandular Willow-herb Bald-seeded Willow-herb Willow-herb Gunn’s Hairy Willow-herb Willow-herb Showy Mountain Willow-herb Willow-herb Snow Primrose Evening Primrose Rose Evening Common Evening-primrose Broomrape Red Bartsia Sorrel Clover Poppy Mexican Californian Poppy Common Fumitory Fumitory Wall Rough Poppy Poppy Spoon-leaf Mud-mat Australian Mudwort Monkey-flower Musk Monkey-flower Purple Appleberry Climbing Appleberry Appleberry Blackthorn Blackthorn Banyalla Alpine Appleberry White Marianth Common Starwort Water-starwort Winged Matted Brooklime Australian Brooklime Corn Toadflax Toadflax Pelisser’s Butter-and-Eggs Snapdragon Plantain Veined Mountain Plantain Shade Plantain Broad Plantain Small Star Plantain Hairy Plantain Tongues Lamb’s Star Plantain Plantain Variable Speedwell Blue Water Speedwell Wall Hairy Speedwell Derwent Speedwell Slender Speedwell Milfoil Speedwell . et al Raven & Englehorn Raven (A.Rich.) Raven & Englehorn (A.Rich.) Raven polygalifolium muralis stricta Sweet (Gand.) B.G.Briggs (DC.) Thell. cinereum hydrophilum derwentiana (E.M Benn.) L.W.Cayzer (E.M Benn.) L.W.Cayzer ochroleuca L. Salisb. subsp. Salisb. L.Cayzer, Crisp & I.Telford L.Cayzer, spinosa setigerum maideniana (Hook.) F.Muell. Sieber ex DC. Sieber ex Ser. subsp. Ser. subsp. Ser. Cham. Hausskn. Sweet Sol. A.Cunn ex M.Micheli subsp. McGillivray L. (L.) Kuntze (L.) Caruel . lasiophylla subsp. Hausskn. Hook.f. (L.) Raf. Scop. Hausskn. (L.) Mill. L. Hegelm. Andrews Andrews subsp. subsp. L. Douglas ex Lindley Douglas ex Cunn. Labill. Raf. L. Salis. Sm. L. B.G.Briggs, Carolin & Pulley L. L. Hook. Decne. Raven Sm. Ledeb. ex Link subsp. ex Ledeb. Vent. L. DC. Meikle & Hewson (F.Muell.) F.Muell. (F.Muell.) L’Her. Aiton ex L’Her. R.Br. L. Sonder ex Koch subsp. Koch Sonder ex B.G.Briggs, Carolin & Pulley B.G.Briggs, Carolin & Pulley (L.) Desf. Mill. Pilger R.Br. subsp Haw. Lourteig R.Br. Cav. subsp. Cav. R.Br. R.Br. A.Rich. R.Br. Lindl. Benth. A.Cunn. Ligustrum vulgare Ligustrum vulgare Syringa vulgaris Epilobium ciliatum glazioviana Oenothera mollissima Oenothera rosea Oenothera stricta Oenothera minor Orobanche latifolia Parentucellia Oxalis corniculata californica Eschscholzia Fumaria muralis hybridum Papaver Mimulus guttatus Mimulus moschatus stagnalis Callitriche Linaria arvensis Linaria pelisseriana Linaria vulgaris Misopates orontium lanceolata Plantago anagallis-aquatica Veronica arvensis Veronica Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group Leptospermum myrtifolium Leptospermum obovatum Leptospermum polygalifolium NYCTAGINACEAE Boerhavia dominii OLEACEAE * Notelaea ligustrina * ONAGRACEAE Epilobium billardiereanum Epilobium billardiereanum * Epilobium curtisiae Epilobium gunnianum Epilobium hirtigerum Epilobium pallidiflorum Epilobium sarmentaceum Epilobium tasmanicum * * * * OROBANCHACEAE * * OXALIDACEAE Oxalis chnoodes * Oxalis exilis Oxalis perennans Oxalis radicosa PAPAVERACEAE ochroleuca * Argemone * * Fumaria officinalis * * somniferum * Papaver PHRYMACEAE Glossostigma diandrum Limosella australis * * PITTOSPORACEAE longiflora Billardiera macrantha Billardiera mutabilis Billardiera scandens Billardiera spinosa Bursaria spinosa Bursaria Pittosporum bicolor Rhytidosporum alpinum Rhytidosporum inconspicuum Rhytidosporum procumbens PLANTAGINACEAE * umbonata Callitriche nana Gratiola peruviana Gratiola * * * * alpestris Plantago antarctica Plantago debilis Plantago euryphylla Plantago glacialis Plantago hispida Plantago * muelleri Plantago varia Plantago * * calycina Veronica densifolia Veronica derwentiana Veronica derwentiana Veronica gracilis Veronica nivea Veronica Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park 51 J J T T T H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M M M M W W JB MC Source Alien Status Cult Cult Inv2 Unknown Nat Cult Unknown Nat Nat Unknown Unknown Nat Inv2 Unknown Nat Inv2 Nat Inv2 Nat Inv1 Unknown Unknown Cult Inv2 Nat Nat

Legal Status Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Myrtle Tea-tree Creek Tea-tree Teatree Tantoon Tarvine European Privet Mock-olive Privet Common Lilac Glandular Willow-herb Bald-seeded Willow-herb Willow-herb Gunn’s Hairy Willow-herb Willow-herb Showy Mountain Willow-herb Willow-herb Snow Primrose Evening Primrose Rose Evening Common Evening-primrose Broomrape Red Bartsia Sorrel Clover Poppy Mexican Californian Poppy Common Fumitory Fumitory Wall Rough Poppy Poppy Spoon-leaf Mud-mat Australian Mudwort Monkey-flower Musk Monkey-flower Purple Appleberry Climbing Appleberry Appleberry Blackthorn Blackthorn Banyalla Alpine Appleberry White Marianth Common Starwort Water-starwort Winged Matted Brooklime Australian Brooklime Corn Toadflax Toadflax Pelisser’s Butter-and-Eggs Snapdragon Plantain Veined Mountain Plantain Shade Plantain Broad Plantain Small Star Plantain Hairy Plantain Tongues Lamb’s Star Plantain Plantain Variable Speedwell Blue Water Speedwell Wall Hairy Speedwell Derwent Speedwell Slender Speedwell Milfoil Speedwell . et al Raven & Englehorn Raven (A.Rich.) Raven & Englehorn (A.Rich.) Raven polygalifolium muralis stricta Sweet (Gand.) B.G.Briggs (DC.) Thell. cinereum hydrophilum derwentiana (E.M Benn.) L.W.Cayzer (E.M Benn.) L.W.Cayzer ochroleuca L. Salisb. subsp. Salisb. L.Cayzer, Crisp & I.Telford L.Cayzer, spinosa setigerum maideniana (Hook.) F.Muell. Sieber ex DC. Sieber ex Ser. subsp. Ser. subsp. Ser. Cham. Hausskn. Sweet Sol. A.Cunn ex M.Micheli subsp. McGillivray L. (L.) Kuntze (L.) Caruel . lasiophylla subsp. Hausskn. Hook.f. (L.) Raf. Scop. Hausskn. (L.) Mill. L. Hegelm. Andrews Andrews subsp. subsp. L. Douglas ex Lindley Douglas ex Cunn. Labill. Raf. L. Salis. Sm. L. B.G.Briggs, Carolin & Pulley L. L. Hook. Decne. Raven Sm. Ledeb. ex Link subsp. ex Ledeb. Vent. L. DC. Meikle & Hewson (F.Muell.) F.Muell. (F.Muell.) L’Her. Aiton ex L’Her. R.Br. L. Sonder ex Koch subsp. Koch Sonder ex B.G.Briggs, Carolin & Pulley B.G.Briggs, Carolin & Pulley (L.) Desf. Mill. Pilger R.Br. subsp Haw. Lourteig R.Br. Cav. subsp. Cav. R.Br. R.Br. A.Rich. R.Br. Lindl. Benth. A.Cunn. Ligustrum vulgare Ligustrum vulgare Syringa vulgaris Epilobium ciliatum glazioviana Oenothera mollissima Oenothera rosea Oenothera stricta Oenothera minor Orobanche latifolia Parentucellia Oxalis corniculata californica Eschscholzia Fumaria muralis hybridum Papaver Mimulus guttatus Mimulus moschatus stagnalis Callitriche Linaria arvensis Linaria pelisseriana Linaria vulgaris Misopates orontium lanceolata Plantago anagallis-aquatica Veronica arvensis Veronica Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group Leptospermum myrtifolium Leptospermum obovatum Leptospermum polygalifolium NYCTAGINACEAE Boerhavia dominii OLEACEAE * Notelaea ligustrina * ONAGRACEAE Epilobium billardiereanum Epilobium billardiereanum * Epilobium curtisiae Epilobium gunnianum Epilobium hirtigerum Epilobium pallidiflorum Epilobium sarmentaceum Epilobium tasmanicum * * * * OROBANCHACEAE * * OXALIDACEAE Oxalis chnoodes * Oxalis exilis Oxalis perennans Oxalis radicosa PAPAVERACEAE ochroleuca * Argemone * * Fumaria officinalis * * somniferum * Papaver PHRYMACEAE Glossostigma diandrum Limosella australis * * PITTOSPORACEAE longiflora Billardiera macrantha Billardiera mutabilis Billardiera scandens Billardiera spinosa Bursaria spinosa Bursaria Pittosporum bicolor Rhytidosporum alpinum Rhytidosporum inconspicuum Rhytidosporum procumbens PLANTAGINACEAE * umbonata Callitriche nana Gratiola peruviana Gratiola * * * * alpestris Plantago antarctica Plantago debilis Plantago euryphylla Plantago glacialis Plantago hispida Plantago * muelleri Plantago varia Plantago * * calycina Veronica densifolia Veronica derwentiana Veronica derwentiana Veronica gracilis Veronica nivea Veronica 52 Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park J J J C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H G H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H W W W AC MC Source Alien Status Nat Inv2 Inv1 Unknown Inv3 Inv1 Nat Nat Inv2 Inv2 Unknown Unknown Inv2 Cas Unknown Legal

Status

V (TSC) Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Speedwell Wandering Diggers Speedwell Speedwell Trailing Speedwell Thyme Slender Speedwell Californian Stinkweed Pyramid Flower Mountain Milkwort Creeper Blue Love Milkwort Dwarf Sorrel / Sheep Matted Lignum Lignum Weeping Slender Knotweed Pepper Water Pepper Water Jesus Plant Creeping Knotweed Wireweed Wireweed Dock Swamp Clustered Dock Curled Dock Broadleaf Dock Fiddle Dock Small Purslane White Purslane Waterblinks Pigweed Scarlet / Blue Pimpernel Mountain Banksia Banksia Silver Hoary Grevillea Alpine Grevillea Cobberas Grevillea Grevillea Woolly Granite Grevillea Genoa Grevillea Rosemary Grevillea Grevillea Kosciuszko Hakea Tree Needle Bush Small-fruited Hakea Lomatia Silky Lomatia River Alpine Orites Geebung Dwarf Geebung Cluster-flower Hairy Geebung Geebung Forest Geebung Velvety Columbine Buttercup Water Beard Old Man’s Headache Vine Vine Skeleton Clematis Small-leaved Alpine Marsh-marigold Buttercup Small River Anemone Buttercup Buttercup Strawberry Brackish Plains Buttercup Granite Buttercup Alpine Gunn’s Buttercup Buttercup River Common Buttercup Buttercup Dwarf Felted Buttercup

(Fenzl) Walters rosmarinifolia ramosissima Makinson F.Muell. ex Benth. ex F.Muell. (R.Br.) Olde & Marriott (R.Br.) . neurophylla Stajsic & Molyneax obtusifolius subsp (Chaix) F.W.Schultz . pulcher brevifolia nivalis canescens chondrosperma Colenso F.Muell. ex Benth. ex F.Muell. . ecarinata Jord. ex Boreau Jord. ex Murray A.Cunn. subsp. Lhotsky ex Meisn. ex Lhotsky (Hook.f.) Walp. F.Muell. (F.Muell.) W.A.Weber (F.Muell.) Melville subsp. Gippsland (R.O.Makinson 1007) (Eschsch.) Hook. & Arn. (Eschsch.) Hook. & L. Benth. Douglas ex Lindl. Douglas ex Gray L. B.G.Briggs Hook. DC. (L.) Gray Sm. Meisn. subsp. Gand R.Br. ex DC. ex R.Br. B.G.Briggs (L.) U.Manns & Anderb. (L.) U.Manns & L.A.S.Johnson Ewart (L.) Delarbre Labill. Labill. DC. DC. Fourr. B.G.Briggs (R.Br.) K.L.Wilson (R.Br.) R.Br. ex DC. ex R.Br. L. L. subsp. L. (F.Muell. ex Benth.) H.Eichler ex (F.Muell. Benth. F.Muell. (Hook.f.) Pax & K.Hoffm. (Hook.f.) Pax subsp. (R.Br.) Sojak (R.Br.) (C.F.Gaertn.) Domin (C.F.Gaertn.) subsp R.Br. L.A.S.Johnson L. R.Br. Cav. Houtt. subsp. R.Br. R.Br. subsp. A.Cunn. ex R. Br. A.Cunn. ex Molyneux & Stajsic F.Muell. R.Br. ex Ker Gawl. Ker ex R.Br. B.G.Briggs & Ehrend. L. subsp. R.Br. R.Br. L. R.Br. R.Br. L. subsp. Campd. J.H.Willis Veronica peregrina Veronica serpyllifolia Veronica Collomia grandiflora squarrosa Navarretia Acetosella vulgaris arenastrum Polygonum aviculare Polygonum crispus Rumex obtusifolius Rumex pulcher Rumex arvensis Lysimachia trichophyllum Batrachium Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group * perfoliata Veronica plebeia Veronica * subtilis Veronica POLEMONIACEAE * * POLYGALACEAE Comesperma ericinum Comesperma retusum Comesperma volubile japonica Polygala POLYGONACEAE * axillaris Muehlenbeckia diclina Muehlenbeckia decipiens Persicaria hydropiper Persicaria lapathifolia Persicaria maculosa * Persicaria prostrata Persicaria * * brownii Rumex conglomeratus * Rumex * * * PORTULACACEAE Calandrinia eremaea Montia australasica Montia fontana oleracea Portulaca PRIMULACEAE * PROTEACEAE Banksia canei Banksia marginata arenaria Grevillea australis Grevillea brevifolia Grevillea lanigera Grevillea neurophylla Grevillea oxyantha Grevillea parvula Grevillea ramosissima Grevillea rosmarinifolia Grevillea victoriae Grevillea eriantha Hakea lissosperma Hakea microcarpa Hakea Lomatia fraseri Lomatia myricoides Orites lancifolius chamaepeuce Persoonia confertiflora Persoonia rigida Persoonia silvatica Persoonia subvelutina Persoonia RANUNCULACEAE vulgaris * Aquilegia * Clematis aristata Clematis glycinoides Clematis leptophylla Clematis microphylla introloba Psychrophila Ranunculus acrophilus Ranunculus amphitrichus Ranunculus anemoneus Ranunculus clivicola Ranunculus collinus Ranunculus diminutus Ranunculus dissectifolius Ranunculus graniticola Ranunculus gunnianus Ranunculus inundatus Ranunculus lappaceus Ranunculus millanii Ranunculus muelleri Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park 53 J J J C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H G H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H W W W AC MC Source Alien Status Nat Inv2 Inv1 Unknown Inv3 Inv1 Nat Nat Inv2 Inv2 Unknown Unknown Inv2 Cas Unknown Legal

Status

V (TSC) Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Speedwell Wandering Diggers Speedwell Speedwell Trailing Speedwell Thyme Slender Speedwell Californian Stinkweed Pyramid Flower Mountain Milkwort Creeper Blue Love Milkwort Dwarf Sorrel / Sheep Matted Lignum Lignum Weeping Slender Knotweed Pepper Water Pepper Water Jesus Plant Creeping Knotweed Wireweed Wireweed Dock Swamp Clustered Dock Curled Dock Broadleaf Dock Fiddle Dock Small Purslane White Purslane Waterblinks Pigweed Scarlet / Blue Pimpernel Mountain Banksia Banksia Silver Hoary Grevillea Alpine Grevillea Cobberas Grevillea Grevillea Woolly Granite Grevillea Genoa Grevillea Rosemary Grevillea Grevillea Kosciuszko Hakea Tree Needle Bush Small-fruited Hakea Lomatia Silky Lomatia River Alpine Orites Geebung Dwarf Geebung Cluster-flower Hairy Geebung Geebung Forest Geebung Velvety Columbine Buttercup Water Beard Old Man’s Headache Vine Vine Skeleton Clematis Small-leaved Alpine Marsh-marigold Buttercup Small River Anemone Buttercup Buttercup Strawberry Brackish Plains Buttercup Granite Buttercup Alpine Gunn’s Buttercup Buttercup River Common Buttercup Buttercup Dwarf Felted Buttercup

(Fenzl) Walters rosmarinifolia ramosissima Makinson F.Muell. ex Benth. ex F.Muell. (R.Br.) Olde & Marriott (R.Br.) . neurophylla Stajsic & Molyneax obtusifolius subsp (Chaix) F.W.Schultz . pulcher brevifolia nivalis canescens chondrosperma Colenso F.Muell. ex Benth. ex F.Muell. . ecarinata Jord. ex Boreau Jord. ex Murray A.Cunn. subsp. Lhotsky ex Meisn. ex Lhotsky (Hook.f.) Walp. F.Muell. (F.Muell.) W.A.Weber (F.Muell.) Melville subsp. Gippsland (R.O.Makinson 1007) (Eschsch.) Hook. & Arn. (Eschsch.) Hook. & L. Benth. Douglas ex Lindl. Douglas ex Gray L. B.G.Briggs Hook. DC. (L.) Gray Sm. Meisn. subsp. Gand R.Br. ex DC. ex R.Br. B.G.Briggs (L.) U.Manns & Anderb. (L.) U.Manns & L.A.S.Johnson Ewart (L.) Delarbre Labill. Labill. DC. DC. Fourr. B.G.Briggs (R.Br.) K.L.Wilson (R.Br.) R.Br. ex DC. ex R.Br. L. L. subsp. L. (F.Muell. ex Benth.) H.Eichler ex (F.Muell. Benth. F.Muell. (Hook.f.) Pax & K.Hoffm. (Hook.f.) Pax subsp. (R.Br.) Sojak (R.Br.) (C.F.Gaertn.) Domin (C.F.Gaertn.) subsp R.Br. L.A.S.Johnson L. R.Br. Cav. Houtt. subsp. R.Br. R.Br. subsp. A.Cunn. ex R. Br. A.Cunn. ex Molyneux & Stajsic F.Muell. R.Br. ex Ker Gawl. Ker ex R.Br. B.G.Briggs & Ehrend. L. subsp. R.Br. R.Br. L. R.Br. R.Br. L. subsp. Campd. J.H.Willis Veronica peregrina Veronica serpyllifolia Veronica Collomia grandiflora squarrosa Navarretia Acetosella vulgaris arenastrum Polygonum aviculare Polygonum crispus Rumex obtusifolius Rumex pulcher Rumex arvensis Lysimachia trichophyllum Batrachium Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group * perfoliata Veronica plebeia Veronica * subtilis Veronica POLEMONIACEAE * * POLYGALACEAE Comesperma ericinum Comesperma retusum Comesperma volubile japonica Polygala POLYGONACEAE * axillaris Muehlenbeckia diclina Muehlenbeckia decipiens Persicaria hydropiper Persicaria lapathifolia Persicaria maculosa * Persicaria prostrata Persicaria * * brownii Rumex conglomeratus * Rumex * * * PORTULACACEAE Calandrinia eremaea Montia australasica Montia fontana oleracea Portulaca PRIMULACEAE * PROTEACEAE Banksia canei Banksia marginata arenaria Grevillea australis Grevillea brevifolia Grevillea lanigera Grevillea neurophylla Grevillea oxyantha Grevillea parvula Grevillea ramosissima Grevillea rosmarinifolia Grevillea victoriae Grevillea eriantha Hakea lissosperma Hakea microcarpa Hakea Lomatia fraseri Lomatia myricoides Orites lancifolius chamaepeuce Persoonia confertiflora Persoonia rigida Persoonia silvatica Persoonia subvelutina Persoonia RANUNCULACEAE vulgaris * Aquilegia * Clematis aristata Clematis glycinoides Clematis leptophylla Clematis microphylla introloba Psychrophila Ranunculus acrophilus Ranunculus amphitrichus Ranunculus anemoneus Ranunculus clivicola Ranunculus collinus Ranunculus diminutus Ranunculus dissectifolius Ranunculus graniticola Ranunculus gunnianus Ranunculus inundatus Ranunculus lappaceus Ranunculus millanii Ranunculus muelleri 54 Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park J J J F T T C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H K H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M M M M M W W MC MC Source Alien Status Unknown Unknown Nat Nat Nat Nat Nat Inv1 Inv1 Cas Cult Inv2 Inv1 Cas Inv1 Inv2 Inv4 Inv4 Inv4 Inv4 Inv1 Nat Inv1 Inv1 Nat Unknown Legal

Status

V (TSC) E (TSC) V (TSC) Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Sharp Buttercup Buttercup Snow Buttercup River Large Bog Buttercup Buttercup Forest Buttercup Ferny Creeping Buttercup Australian Small-flowered Buttercup Weld Bitter Cryptandra Shining Anchor Plant Australian Anchor Plant Hazel Pomaderris Birch Pomaderris Cotoneaster Pomaderris Lemon Dogwood Pomaderris Woolly Pomaderris Sydney Pomaderris Pale Slender Pomaderris Slender Pomaderris Pomaderris Convex Pomaderris Velvety Dusty Miller Burr Sheep’s Bidgee-widgee Burr Sheep’s Parsley-piert Mantle Lady’s Bright Bead Cotoneaster Rock Cotoneaster Cotoneaster Silverleaf Hawthorn Herb Bennett Apple Erect Cinquefoil European Strawberry Sour Cherry Pyracantha Sweet Briar Blackberry Blackberry Blackberry Raspberry Native Blackberry Burnett Sheep’s Rowan Common Woodruff Mountain Woodruff Alpine Woodruff Prickly Woodruff Coffee-berry Coprosma Snow Creeping Coprosma Prickly Currant Bush Goosegrass Bedstaw Furrowed Slender Bedstraw Rough Bedstraw Small Bedstraw Nertera Dwarf Matted Nertera Stinkweed Variable betulina sessiliflorus Lodd. ex Link Lodd. ex (Maiden & Betche) N.G.Walsh & Coates (Maiden & Betche) N.G.Walsh pumilio (Spach) Briq. perpusilla scoparia . gaudichaudii ericoides phylicifolia ciliare Franch. Hook. muricata Wall. ex Lindl. ex Wall. Decne Franch. Rothm. A.Newton N.A.Wakef. Kirk R.Br. ex DC. var. DC. var. ex R.Br. L. subsp. (D.Don) M.Roem. B.G.Briggs (Benth.) N.A.Wakef. N.A.Wakef. Jacq. subsp. Melville Lindb. Sieber ex DC. Sieber ex (Hook.) F.Muell. B.G.Briggs Lam. Schleich. ex Sm. Schleich. ex Orchard (Labill.) B.L.Rob. Herincq DC. subsp. Colenso subsp. (F.Muell.) Fosberg (F.Muell.) Hook. L. R.Br. ex DC. ex R.Br. (Andrews) Sims (Andrews) A.Cunn. (Mutis ex L.f.) Druce (Mutis ex subsp. A.Cunn. ex Hook. subsp. A.Cunn. ex J.H.Willis R.Br. ex DC. var. DC. var. ex R.Br. I.Thomps. I.Thomps. L. (Brongn.) Druce I.Thomps. L. N.A.Wakef. Sieber ex DC. Sieber ex Sm. L. Hook.f. subsp. (Thunb.) Franch. & Sav. (Thunb.) (L.) Scop. L. Labill. Hook.f. Hook.f. L. W.R.B.Oliver L. L Gand. (L.) All. Weihe Nees L. Hook.f. N.A.Wakef. Hook.f. Mill. L. Tortosa Hook.f. subsp. minor Ehrend. & McGill.

A.Cunn. sp. Thredbo River Gorge (L.A.S.Johnson & E.F.Constable s.n., 19 Jan 1951) (L.A.S.Johnson & E.F.Constable Gorge Thredbo River sp. Ranunculus muricatus Ranunculus repens Reseda luteola Aphanes arvensis Cotoneaster glaucophyllus Cotoneaster horizontalis Cotoneaster pannosus Cotoneaster rotundifolius monogyna Crataegus Malus pumila Photinia glabra recta Potentilla Prunus cerasus crenulata Pyracantha Rosa rubiginosa anglocandicans Rubus aucuparia Sorbus Galium murale Sanguisorba Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group * Ranunculus niphophilus Ranunculus papulentus Ranunculus pimpinellifolius Ranunculus plebeius Ranunculus productus Ranunculus pumilio * Ranunculus scapiger Ranunculus sessiliflorus RESEDACEAE * RHAMNACEAE amara Cryptandra Discaria nitida Discaria pubescens angustifolia Pomaderris aspera Pomaderris betulina Pomaderris cotoneaster Pomaderris intermedia Pomaderris lanigera Pomaderris ledifolia Pomaderris pallida Pomaderris phylicifolia Pomaderris phylicifolia Pomaderris subcapitata Pomaderris velutina Pomaderris Spyridium parvifolium ROSACEAE Acaena agnipila Acaena echinata Acaena novae-zelandiae Acaena ovina Acaena NSW Herbarium * xanthochlora Alchemilla * * * * * Geum urbanum * * * vesca * Potentilla * * * * leucostachys * Rubus polyanthemus * Rubus parvifolius Rubus vestitus * Rubus * * x billiardii * Spiraea RUBIACEAE Asperula conferta Asperula gunnii Asperula polymera Asperula pusilla Asperula scoparia hirtella Coprosma niphophila Coprosma nivalis Coprosma perpusilla Coprosma quadrifida Coprosma * Galium aparine Galium ciliare Galium liratum * Galium divaricatum Galium gaudichaudii Galium leiocarpum * Galium polyanthum Galium roddii Leptostigma reptans granadensis Nertera varia Opercularia Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park 55 J J J F T T C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H K H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M M M M M W W MC MC Source Alien Status Unknown Unknown Nat Nat Nat Nat Nat Inv1 Inv1 Cas Cult Inv2 Inv1 Cas Inv1 Inv2 Inv4 Inv4 Inv4 Inv4 Inv1 Nat Inv1 Inv1 Nat Unknown Legal

Status

V (TSC) E (TSC) V (TSC) Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Sharp Buttercup Buttercup Snow Buttercup River Large Bog Buttercup Buttercup Forest Buttercup Ferny Creeping Buttercup Australian Small-flowered Buttercup Weld Bitter Cryptandra Shining Anchor Plant Australian Anchor Plant Hazel Pomaderris Birch Pomaderris Cotoneaster Pomaderris Lemon Dogwood Pomaderris Woolly Pomaderris Sydney Pomaderris Pale Slender Pomaderris Slender Pomaderris Pomaderris Convex Pomaderris Velvety Dusty Miller Burr Sheep’s Bidgee-widgee Burr Sheep’s Parsley-piert Mantle Lady’s Bright Bead Cotoneaster Rock Cotoneaster Cotoneaster Silverleaf Hawthorn Herb Bennett Apple Erect Cinquefoil European Strawberry Sour Cherry Pyracantha Sweet Briar Blackberry Blackberry Blackberry Raspberry Native Blackberry Burnett Sheep’s Rowan Common Woodruff Mountain Woodruff Alpine Woodruff Prickly Woodruff Coffee-berry Coprosma Snow Creeping Coprosma Prickly Currant Bush Goosegrass Bedstaw Furrowed Slender Bedstraw Rough Bedstraw Small Bedstraw Nertera Dwarf Matted Nertera Stinkweed Variable betulina sessiliflorus Lodd. ex Link Lodd. ex (Maiden & Betche) N.G.Walsh & Coates (Maiden & Betche) N.G.Walsh pumilio (Spach) Briq. perpusilla scoparia . gaudichaudii ericoides phylicifolia ciliare Franch. Hook. muricata Wall. ex Lindl. ex Wall. Decne Franch. Rothm. A.Newton N.A.Wakef. Kirk R.Br. ex DC. var. DC. var. ex R.Br. L. subsp. (D.Don) M.Roem. B.G.Briggs (Benth.) N.A.Wakef. N.A.Wakef. Jacq. subsp. Melville Lindb. Sieber ex DC. Sieber ex (Hook.) F.Muell. B.G.Briggs Lam. Schleich. ex Sm. Schleich. ex Orchard (Labill.) B.L.Rob. Herincq DC. subsp. Colenso subsp. (F.Muell.) Fosberg (F.Muell.) Hook. L. R.Br. ex DC. ex R.Br. (Andrews) Sims (Andrews) A.Cunn. (Mutis ex L.f.) Druce (Mutis ex subsp. A.Cunn. ex Hook. subsp. A.Cunn. ex J.H.Willis R.Br. ex DC. var. DC. var. ex R.Br. I.Thomps. I.Thomps. L. (Brongn.) Druce I.Thomps. L. N.A.Wakef. Sieber ex DC. Sieber ex Sm. L. Hook.f. subsp. (Thunb.) Franch. & Sav. (Thunb.) (L.) Scop. L. Labill. Hook.f. Hook.f. L. W.R.B.Oliver L. L Gand. (L.) All. Weihe Nees L. Hook.f. N.A.Wakef. Hook.f. Mill. L. Tortosa Hook.f. subsp. minor Ehrend. & McGill.

A.Cunn. sp. Thredbo River Gorge (L.A.S.Johnson & E.F.Constable s.n., 19 Jan 1951) (L.A.S.Johnson & E.F.Constable Gorge Thredbo River sp. Ranunculus muricatus Ranunculus repens Reseda luteola Aphanes arvensis Cotoneaster glaucophyllus Cotoneaster horizontalis Cotoneaster pannosus Cotoneaster rotundifolius monogyna Crataegus Malus pumila Photinia glabra recta Potentilla Prunus cerasus crenulata Pyracantha Rosa rubiginosa anglocandicans Rubus aucuparia Sorbus Galium murale Sanguisorba Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group * Ranunculus niphophilus Ranunculus papulentus Ranunculus pimpinellifolius Ranunculus plebeius Ranunculus productus Ranunculus pumilio * Ranunculus scapiger Ranunculus sessiliflorus RESEDACEAE * RHAMNACEAE amara Cryptandra Discaria nitida Discaria pubescens angustifolia Pomaderris aspera Pomaderris betulina Pomaderris cotoneaster Pomaderris intermedia Pomaderris lanigera Pomaderris ledifolia Pomaderris pallida Pomaderris phylicifolia Pomaderris phylicifolia Pomaderris subcapitata Pomaderris velutina Pomaderris Spyridium parvifolium ROSACEAE Acaena agnipila Acaena echinata Acaena novae-zelandiae Acaena ovina Acaena NSW Herbarium * xanthochlora Alchemilla * * * * * Geum urbanum * * * vesca * Potentilla * * * * leucostachys * Rubus polyanthemus * Rubus parvifolius Rubus vestitus * Rubus * * x billiardii * Spiraea RUBIACEAE Asperula conferta Asperula gunnii Asperula polymera Asperula pusilla Asperula scoparia hirtella Coprosma niphophila Coprosma nivalis Coprosma perpusilla Coprosma quadrifida Coprosma * Galium aparine Galium ciliare Galium liratum * Galium divaricatum Galium gaudichaudii Galium leiocarpum * Galium polyanthum Galium roddii Leptostigma reptans granadensis Nertera varia Opercularia 56 Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park T H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H G H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H W W W W MC MC MC MC Source Alien Status Unknown Cult Inv1 Inv2 Inv2 Inv2 Inv1 Inv2 Nat Cult Unknown Inv2 Inv2 Unknown Cas Unknown Unknown Legal

Status

V (TSC) E (TSC) Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Field Madder Lemon Starbush Alpine Starbush Alpine Boronia Small Boronia Mountain Correa Mountain Correa Common Correa Small Crowea Mountain Phebalium Phebalium River Snowy Alpine Phebalium Alpine Phebalium Phebalium Forest Long-leaf Waxflower Rock Waxflower Zieria Downy White Poplar White Willow Willow Weeping Pussy Willow Crack Willow Black Willow Purple Osier Common Osier White Elderberry Common Elder Sour Bush Dwarf Cherry Ballart Alpine Ballart Cherry Dwarf Leafless Sourbush Austral Toadflax Hop-bush Narrow-leaved Hop-bush Wedge-leaf Hop-Bush Sticky Eyebright Dwarf Eyebright Tail Purple Eyebright Eyebright Swamp Moth Mullein Rod Aaron’s Mullein Twiggy Ray Flower Grey Common Thornapple Tobacco Native Apple Kangaroo Whitetip Nightshade Mountain Apple Kangaroo Black-berry Nightshade Nightshade Three-flowered Triggerplant Thrift-leaved Grass Triggerplant Alpine Triggerplant Alpine Rice-flower Alpine Bootlace Bush Bootlace Bush Matted Rice-flower Rice-flower Rice-flower Curved Rice-flower Curved Silky Smooth Rice-flower Fringed Rice-flower (F.Muell.) Paul G.Wilson Paul (F.Muell.) albicans Vent. Vent. myoporoides (DC.) J.G.West axiflora (F.Muell. ex Hannaford) Paul G.Wilson Hannaford) Paul ex (F.Muell. F.M.Anderson (Benth.) Paul G.Wilson (Benth.) Paul J.G.West R.L.Giles

(Sm.) J.G.West anemonifolia Paul G.Wilson Paul W.R.Barker Melville (R.Br.) W.R.Barker (R.Br.) (Wettst.) W.R.Barker (Wettst.) reflexa obovatum a W.R.Barker alpinum ozothamnoides squamulosum Threlfall exalata latrobeana rosea riparium angustissima cuneata spatulata thapsus (R.Br.) Threlfall (R.Br.) Benth. (Benth.) Threlfall Threlfall Lam. DC. (F.Muell.) Druce (F.Muell.) ciliata Labill. subsp. subsp. diversicolor glacialis lapidos paludosa hyssopifolia subsp. subsp. Sw. F.Muell. subsp. alpina (DC.) Bayly subsp. (F.Muell.) Paul G.Wilson Paul (F.Muell.) A.DC. (F.Muell.) Paul G.Wilson Paul (F.Muell.) gracilis sericea A.DC. (R.Br.) acuta (F.Muell.) Paul G.Wilson Paul (F.Muell.) A.Cunn. subsp. Geras. ex Symon Geras. ex Stokes L. (A.Cunn.) Miers subsp. (Hook.) Endl. L. Lehm. Raulings & Ladiges L. subsp. L.

Hook. var. Hook. var. Hook. var. Nutt. var. (J.H.Willis) W.R.Barker (J.H.Willis) var. var. var. (Labill.) Labill. G.Forst. R.Br. L. subsp. L. Jacq. subsp. Jacq. subsp. Jacq. subsp. Threlfall L. subsp. subsp. subsp. subsp. Hook.f. R.Br. L. L. R.Br. . Schrank subsp. Meisn. subsp. ex F.Muell. Sm. F.Muell. subsp. F.Muell. R.Br. N.A.Wakef. L L. F.Muell. ex Meisn. ex F.Muell. F.Muell. F.Muell. (Labill.) Vent. var var Vent. (Labill.) Hook. var. Hook. var. Marshall L. sp. 3 (Ramshead Range) sensu W.R.Barker (1982) W.R.Barker sp. 3 (Ramshead Range) sensu Sherardia arvensis Sherardia alba Populus Salix alba Salix babylonica Salix cinerea Salix x fragilis Salix purpurea Salix viminalis nigra Sambucus blattaria Verbascum thapsus Verbascum virgatum Verbascum stramonium Datura Solanum nigrum Solanum triflorum Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group * RUTACEAE asteriscophora Asterolasia trymalioides Asterolasia algida Boronia anemonifolia Boronia nana Boronia lawrenceana Correa lawrenceana Correa reflexa Correa exalata Crowea Leionema lamprophyllum Leionema phylicifolium Nematolepis ovatifolia Phebalium glandulosum Phebalium squamulosum Phebalium squamulosum Phebalium squamulosum Philotheca myoporoides Philotheca trachyphylla Zieria cytisoides SALICACEAE * * * * * * Salix nigra * * SAMBUCACEAE gaudichaudiana Sambucus * SANTALACEAE pauciflorum Choretrum Exocarpos cupressiformis Exocarpos nanus Exocarpos strictus Omphacomeria acerba Thesium australe SAPINDACEAE Dodonaea viscosa Dodonaea viscosa Dodonaea viscosa SCROPHULARIACEAE alsa Euphrasia caudata Euphrasia collina Euphrasia collina Euphrasia collina Euphrasia collina Euphrasia scabra Euphrasia Euphrasia * * * SOLANACEAE albicans Cyphanthera * Nicotiana suaveolens Solanum aviculare * Solanum chenopodioides Solanum linearifolium * * STYLIDIACEAE Stylidium armeria Stylidium graminifolium Stylidium montanum THYMELAEACEAE dieffenbachii Kelleria Pimelea alpina Pimelea axiflora Pimelea axiflora Pimelea biflora Pimelea bracteata Pimelea curviflora Pimelea curviflora Pimelea curviflora Pimelea glauca Pimelea ligustrina Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park 57 T H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H G H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H W W W W MC MC MC MC Source Alien Status Unknown Cult Inv1 Inv2 Inv2 Inv2 Inv1 Inv2 Nat Cult Unknown Inv2 Inv2 Unknown Cas Unknown Unknown Legal

Status

V (TSC) E (TSC) Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Field Madder Lemon Starbush Alpine Starbush Alpine Boronia Small Boronia Mountain Correa Mountain Correa Common Correa Small Crowea Mountain Phebalium Phebalium River Snowy Alpine Phebalium Alpine Phebalium Phebalium Forest Long-leaf Waxflower Rock Waxflower Zieria Downy White Poplar White Willow Willow Weeping Pussy Willow Crack Willow Black Willow Purple Osier Common Osier White Elderberry Common Elder Sour Bush Dwarf Cherry Ballart Alpine Ballart Cherry Dwarf Leafless Sourbush Austral Toadflax Hop-bush Narrow-leaved Hop-bush Wedge-leaf Hop-Bush Sticky Eyebright Dwarf Eyebright Tail Purple Eyebright Eyebright Swamp Moth Mullein Rod Aaron’s Mullein Twiggy Ray Flower Grey Common Thornapple Tobacco Native Apple Kangaroo Whitetip Nightshade Mountain Apple Kangaroo Black-berry Nightshade Nightshade Three-flowered Triggerplant Thrift-leaved Grass Triggerplant Alpine Triggerplant Alpine Rice-flower Alpine Bootlace Bush Bootlace Bush Matted Rice-flower Rice-flower Rice-flower Curved Rice-flower Curved Silky Smooth Rice-flower Fringed Rice-flower (F.Muell.) Paul G.Wilson Paul (F.Muell.) albicans Vent. Vent. myoporoides (DC.) J.G.West axiflora (F.Muell. ex Hannaford) Paul G.Wilson Hannaford) Paul ex (F.Muell. F.M.Anderson (Benth.) Paul G.Wilson (Benth.) Paul J.G.West R.L.Giles

(Sm.) J.G.West anemonifolia Paul G.Wilson Paul W.R.Barker Melville (R.Br.) W.R.Barker (R.Br.) (Wettst.) W.R.Barker (Wettst.) reflexa obovatum a W.R.Barker alpinum ozothamnoides squamulosum Threlfall exalata latrobeana rosea riparium angustissima cuneata spatulata thapsus (R.Br.) Threlfall (R.Br.) Benth. (Benth.) Threlfall Threlfall Lam. DC. (F.Muell.) Druce (F.Muell.) ciliata Labill. subsp. subsp. diversicolor glacialis lapidos paludosa hyssopifolia subsp. subsp. Sw. F.Muell. subsp. alpina (DC.) Bayly subsp. (F.Muell.) Paul G.Wilson Paul (F.Muell.) A.DC. (F.Muell.) Paul G.Wilson Paul (F.Muell.) gracilis sericea A.DC. (R.Br.) acuta (F.Muell.) Paul G.Wilson Paul (F.Muell.) A.Cunn. subsp. Geras. ex Symon Geras. ex Stokes L. (A.Cunn.) Miers subsp. (Hook.) Endl. L. Lehm. Raulings & Ladiges L. subsp. L.

Hook. var. Hook. var. Hook. var. Nutt. var. (J.H.Willis) W.R.Barker (J.H.Willis) var. var. var. (Labill.) Labill. G.Forst. R.Br. L. subsp. L. Jacq. subsp. Jacq. subsp. Jacq. subsp. Threlfall L. subsp. subsp. subsp. subsp. Hook.f. R.Br. L. L. R.Br. . Schrank subsp. Meisn. subsp. ex F.Muell. Sm. F.Muell. subsp. F.Muell. R.Br. N.A.Wakef. L L. F.Muell. ex Meisn. ex F.Muell. F.Muell. F.Muell. (Labill.) Vent. var var Vent. (Labill.) Hook. var. Hook. var. Marshall L. sp. 3 (Ramshead Range) sensu W.R.Barker (1982) W.R.Barker sp. 3 (Ramshead Range) sensu Sherardia arvensis Sherardia alba Populus Salix alba Salix babylonica Salix cinerea Salix x fragilis Salix purpurea Salix viminalis nigra Sambucus blattaria Verbascum thapsus Verbascum virgatum Verbascum stramonium Datura Solanum nigrum Solanum triflorum Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group * RUTACEAE asteriscophora Asterolasia trymalioides Asterolasia algida Boronia anemonifolia Boronia nana Boronia lawrenceana Correa lawrenceana Correa reflexa Correa exalata Crowea Leionema lamprophyllum Leionema phylicifolium Nematolepis ovatifolia Phebalium glandulosum Phebalium squamulosum Phebalium squamulosum Phebalium squamulosum Philotheca myoporoides Philotheca trachyphylla Zieria cytisoides SALICACEAE * * * * * * Salix nigra * * SAMBUCACEAE gaudichaudiana Sambucus * SANTALACEAE pauciflorum Choretrum Exocarpos cupressiformis Exocarpos nanus Exocarpos strictus Omphacomeria acerba Thesium australe SAPINDACEAE Dodonaea viscosa Dodonaea viscosa Dodonaea viscosa SCROPHULARIACEAE alsa Euphrasia caudata Euphrasia collina Euphrasia collina Euphrasia collina Euphrasia collina Euphrasia scabra Euphrasia Euphrasia * * * SOLANACEAE albicans Cyphanthera * Nicotiana suaveolens Solanum aviculare * Solanum chenopodioides Solanum linearifolium * * STYLIDIACEAE Stylidium armeria Stylidium graminifolium Stylidium montanum THYMELAEACEAE dieffenbachii Kelleria Pimelea alpina Pimelea axiflora Pimelea axiflora Pimelea biflora Pimelea bracteata Pimelea curviflora Pimelea curviflora Pimelea curviflora Pimelea glauca Pimelea ligustrina 58 Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park J T T T T H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H K H H H H H H H H K H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M W W W W Source Alien Status Cult Nat Inv1 Cas Inv2 Nat Cult Cult Nat Cult Nat Nat Cult Legal

Status

E (TSC) Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Rice-flower Tall Slender Rice-flower Queen of the Bush Pimelea Few-flowered Rice-flower Grey Heath Pink-bells Pink Bells Pink Eye Glandular Pink-bells Leafless Pink-bells Pink-bells Thyme English Elm Small Shade Nettle Stinging Nettle Purpletop Common Verbena Verbena Trailing Slender Violet-bush Erect Violet Violet Tree Field Pansy Violet Native Violet Dusky Violet Ivy-leaved Sweei Violet Mountain Pepperbush Alpine Pepperbush African Lily Lily of the Incas Daffodil Lily Vanilla Lily Small Vanilla Mat-rush Wattle Mat-rush Spiny-headed Mat-rush Many-flowered Grape Hyacinth Common Fringe Lily Onion Weed Bulbine Lily Rock Lily Star of Bethlehem Pineapple Grass Pineapple Grass Kosciuszko Milkmaids Glandular Early Nancy Early Nancy Marsh Club-rush Marsh Club-rush Sedge Tall Carex Archer’s Alpine Sedge Short Sedge Star Sedge Sedge Tassel biglandulosa xerophila . vernonii filiformis filiformis multiflora dioica Skottsb. Labill. Threlfall . linifolia L (DC.) J.F.Macbr (V.J.Cook) Sojak (V.J.Cook) (Torr.) Sojak (Torr.) ligustrina (Schult.) Domin Thomps. Joy caesia L. Leichtlin ex Baker Leichtlin ex (R.Br.) T.D.Macfarl. subsp. T.D.Macfarl. (R.Br.) . Willd. L. F.Muell. ex Schuch. ex F.Muell. Benth. A.C.Sm. (Poir.) R.Br. R.Br. F.Muell. Sm. (P.Parm.) M. Gray subsp. (P.Parm.) (R.Br.) Britten subsp. (R.Br.) Labill. R.Br. Graham L. (F.Muell.) F.Muell. subsp F.Muell. (F.Muell.) Sm. (Thunb.) Britten subsp. (Thunb.) (L.G.Adams) T.A.James R.Br. subsp. novae-hollandiae (R.Br. ex DC.) Molloy & Mabb. DC.) Molloy ex (R.Br. F.Muell. ex Ewart & B.Rees Ewart ex F.Muell. Sm. Sol. ex Boott Sol. ex R.Br. (Poir.) Gaudich. (Poir.) Lindl. R.Br. Salisb subsp. L. Sm. subsp. L. (R.Br.) F.Muell. subsp. F.Muell. (R.Br.) (R.Br.) Haw. (R.Br.) Labill. L. Murray (Raf.) E.M.Watson R.Br. sp. (Hook.f.) S.T.Blake Murray aurea

sp. Snowy R. catchment (N.G.Walsh 6195) Vic. Herbarium Vic. 6195) R. catchment (N.G.Walsh sp. Snowy var. var. Boott Poir. Nelmes spp. sp. Snowfields (N.G.Walsh 6202) Vic. Herbarium Vic. 6202) (N.G.Walsh sp. Snowfields fuscoviolacea

Ulmus procera Ulmus procera bonariensis Verbena supina Verbena arvensis Viola Agapanthus praecox Narcissus Alstroemeria umbellatum Ornithogalum AGAPANTHACEAE COMMELINACEAE Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group Pimelea ligustrina Pimelea linifolia Pimelea linifolia Pimelea pauciflora Pimelea treyvaudii TREMANDRACEAE bauerifolia Tetratheca ciliata Tetratheca ericifolia Tetratheca labillardierei Tetratheca subaphylla Tetratheca thymifolia Tetratheca ULMACEAE * URTICACEAE pusilla Australina Urtica incisa VERBENACEAE * officinalis * Verbena * VIOLACEAE Hybanthus monopetalus Hybanthus vernonii Melicytus dentatus Melicytus * betonicifolia Viola Viola hederacea Viola odorata * Viola WINTERACEAE lanceolata Tasmannia xerophila Tasmannia MONOCOTYLEDONS * ALSTROEMERIACEAE * AMARYLLIDACEAE * ASPARAGACEAE milleflorum Arthropodium minus Arthropodium Arthropodium filiformis Lomandra longifolia Lomandra multiflora Lomandra * Muscari armeniacum Thysanotus tuberosus ASPHODELACEAE * Asphodelus fistulosus Bulbine bulbosa Bulbine glauca * ASTELIACEAE Astelia alpina Astelia psychrocharis COLCHICACEAE umbellata Burchardia biglandulosa Wurmbea dioica Wurmbea * Tradescantia CYPERACEAE Baumea gunnii fluviatilis Bolboschoenus medianus Bolboschoenus appressa Carex archeri Carex blakei Carex breviculmis Carex canescens Carex chlorantha Carex echinata Carex fascicularis Carex Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park 59 J T T T T H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H K H H H H H H H H K H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M W W W W Source Alien Status Cult Nat Inv1 Cas Inv2 Nat Cult Cult Nat Cult Nat Nat Cult Legal

Status

E (TSC) Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Rice-flower Tall Slender Rice-flower Queen of the Bush Pimelea Few-flowered Rice-flower Grey Heath Pink-bells Pink Bells Pink Eye Glandular Pink-bells Leafless Pink-bells Pink-bells Thyme English Elm Small Shade Nettle Stinging Nettle Purpletop Common Verbena Verbena Trailing Slender Violet-bush Erect Violet Violet Tree Field Pansy Violet Native Violet Dusky Violet Ivy-leaved Sweei Violet Mountain Pepperbush Alpine Pepperbush African Lily Lily of the Incas Daffodil Lily Vanilla Lily Small Vanilla Mat-rush Wattle Mat-rush Spiny-headed Mat-rush Many-flowered Grape Hyacinth Common Fringe Lily Onion Weed Bulbine Lily Rock Lily Star of Bethlehem Pineapple Grass Pineapple Grass Kosciuszko Milkmaids Glandular Early Nancy Early Nancy Marsh Club-rush Marsh Club-rush Sedge Tall Carex Archer’s Alpine Sedge Short Sedge Star Sedge Sedge Tassel biglandulosa xerophila . vernonii filiformis filiformis multiflora dioica Skottsb. Labill. Threlfall . linifolia L (DC.) J.F.Macbr (V.J.Cook) Sojak (V.J.Cook) (Torr.) Sojak (Torr.) ligustrina (Schult.) Domin Thomps. Joy caesia L. Leichtlin ex Baker Leichtlin ex (R.Br.) T.D.Macfarl. subsp. T.D.Macfarl. (R.Br.) . Willd. L. F.Muell. ex Schuch. ex F.Muell. Benth. A.C.Sm. (Poir.) R.Br. R.Br. F.Muell. Sm. (P.Parm.) M. Gray subsp. (P.Parm.) (R.Br.) Britten subsp. (R.Br.) Labill. R.Br. Graham L. (F.Muell.) F.Muell. subsp F.Muell. (F.Muell.) Sm. (Thunb.) Britten subsp. (Thunb.) (L.G.Adams) T.A.James R.Br. subsp. novae-hollandiae (R.Br. ex DC.) Molloy & Mabb. DC.) Molloy ex (R.Br. F.Muell. ex Ewart & B.Rees Ewart ex F.Muell. Sm. Sol. ex Boott Sol. ex R.Br. (Poir.) Gaudich. (Poir.) Lindl. R.Br. Salisb subsp. L. Sm. subsp. L. (R.Br.) F.Muell. subsp. F.Muell. (R.Br.) (R.Br.) Haw. (R.Br.) Labill. L. Murray (Raf.) E.M.Watson R.Br. sp. (Hook.f.) S.T.Blake Murray aurea

sp. Snowy R. catchment (N.G.Walsh 6195) Vic. Herbarium Vic. 6195) R. catchment (N.G.Walsh sp. Snowy var. var. Boott Poir. Nelmes spp. sp. Snowfields (N.G.Walsh 6202) Vic. Herbarium Vic. 6202) (N.G.Walsh sp. Snowfields fuscoviolacea

Ulmus procera Ulmus procera bonariensis Verbena supina Verbena arvensis Viola Agapanthus praecox Narcissus Alstroemeria umbellatum Ornithogalum AGAPANTHACEAE COMMELINACEAE Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group Pimelea ligustrina Pimelea linifolia Pimelea linifolia Pimelea pauciflora Pimelea treyvaudii TREMANDRACEAE bauerifolia Tetratheca ciliata Tetratheca ericifolia Tetratheca labillardierei Tetratheca subaphylla Tetratheca thymifolia Tetratheca ULMACEAE * URTICACEAE pusilla Australina Urtica incisa VERBENACEAE * officinalis * Verbena * VIOLACEAE Hybanthus monopetalus Hybanthus vernonii Melicytus dentatus Melicytus * betonicifolia Viola Viola hederacea Viola odorata * Viola WINTERACEAE lanceolata Tasmannia xerophila Tasmannia MONOCOTYLEDONS * ALSTROEMERIACEAE * AMARYLLIDACEAE * ASPARAGACEAE milleflorum Arthropodium minus Arthropodium Arthropodium filiformis Lomandra longifolia Lomandra multiflora Lomandra * Muscari armeniacum Thysanotus tuberosus ASPHODELACEAE * Asphodelus fistulosus Bulbine bulbosa Bulbine glauca * ASTELIACEAE Astelia alpina Astelia psychrocharis COLCHICACEAE umbellata Burchardia biglandulosa Wurmbea dioica Wurmbea * Tradescantia CYPERACEAE Baumea gunnii fluviatilis Bolboschoenus medianus Bolboschoenus appressa Carex archeri Carex blakei Carex breviculmis Carex canescens Carex chlorantha Carex echinata Carex fascicularis Carex 60 Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park J J J J H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M M M W W W CO K ????? Source Alien Status Unknown Unknown Nat Inv1 Unknown Nat Inv2 Nat Nat Inv2 Legal

Status

E (TSC) Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Alpine Fen-sedge Knob Sedge Tussock Bergarlia Carpet Sedge Tussock Bergarlia Sedge Wire-head Raleigh Sedge Hair Sedge Small Flower-rush Broad-leaf Flower-rush Umbrella Sedge Flat-sedge Leafy Flat-sedge Dark Flat-sedge Flat-sedge Tiny Common Spike-rush Slender Spike-rush Ribbed Spike-rush Small Spike-rush Nodding Club-rush Slender Club-sedge Alpine Club-rush Floating Club-rush Benambra Club-sedge Club-sedge Whispy Club-rush Swamp Coarse Club-rush Club-sedge Fog Nutty Clud-rush Little Sword-sedge Sword-sedge Variable Tuft-rush Alpine Tuft-rush Common Bog-rush Alpine Bog-rush Medusa Bog-sedge Club-rush Large-headed Compact Hook-sedge Mountain Hook-sedge Small Hook-sedge Delicate Hook-sedge Alpine Grass Lily Blueberry Lily Black-anther Flax-lily Flax-lily Tasman Lily Sky Nodding Blue Lily Golden Weathergrass Golden Weathergrass Star Yellow White Iris Bearded Iris Tall Purple Flag Onion Grass Small Flowered Blue Pigroot Cushion Rush Jointed Rush Austral Rush Alpine Rush Rush Toad Capitate rush Soft Rush Sickle-leaf Rush Thread Rush Slender Joint-leaf Rush Rush Wiry Labill. R.J.F.Hend oxycarpus . alexandri (R.Br.) C.Moore & Betche (R.Br.) (F.Muell.) Kuk. (F.Muell.) Schltdl. longifolia (Boott) Kuk. Hook.f. hygrometrica villosisepala Kunth. var. Kunth

Vahl K.L.Wilson & D.I.Morris K.L.Wilson Kuk. longifolia Kunth var. var. var. R.Br. Klatt Boeckeler vaginata Boeckeler F.Muell. ex Benth. ex F.Muell. cephalotes Boeckeler S.T.Blake subsp. S.T.Blake Kuk. (Thunb.) A.Dietr (Thunb.) L.A.S.Johnson F.Muell. Hook.f. Lam. Hook.f. Boeckeler L. Schltdl. F.Muell. R.Br. Hook.f. Labill. R.Br. Weigel R.Br. (S.T.Blake) K.L.Wilson (S.T.Blake) Hook.f. L.f. var. var. capillacea L.A.S.Johnson R.Br. R.Br. var. (C.B.Clarke) K.L.Wilson (C.B.Clarke) L. K.R.Thiele F.Muell S.T.Blake Boott R. Br. L.A.S.Johnson subsp R.Br. Roem. & Schult. Nees R.Br. L. var. var. R.Br. S.T.Blake F.Muell. (L.) R.Br. F.Muell. L. Hook.f. Buchenau R.Br. F.Muell. ex Benth. ex F.Muell. (Vahl) Roem. & Schult. (Vahl) K.L.Wilson R.Br. E.Mey. Nelmes Boott R.Br. (Edgar) Sojak (Edgar) Hook.f. R.Br. Buchenau Nelmes subsp. Nelmes Cyperus eragrostis Cyperus tenellus Iris germanica Romulea minutiflora iridifolium Sisyrinchium articulatus Juncus bufonius Juncus capitatus Juncus effusus Juncus Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group gaudichaudiana Carex hebes Carex hypandra Carex incomitata Carex inversa Carex iynx Carex jackiana Carex longebrachiata Carex polyantha Carex pyrenaica Carex raleighii Carex rara Carex tereticaulis Carex Carpha alpina Carpha nivicola * Cyperus lhotskyanus Cyperus lucidus Cyperus sanguinolentus * acuta Eleocharis gracilis Eleocharis plana Eleocharis pusilla Eleocharis Isolepis aucklandica Isolepis cernua Isolepis congrua Isolepis crassiuscula Isolepis fluitans Isolepis gaudichaudiana Isolepis habra Isolepis inundata * Isolepis marginata Isolepis montivaga Isolepis multicaulis Isolepis producta Isolepis subtilissima Lepidosperma curtisiae Lepidosperma gunnii Lepidosperma laterale distichus Oreobolus oxycarpus Oreobolus pumilio Oreobolus apogon Schoenus calyptratus Schoenus latelaminatus Schoenus Scirpus polystachyus Uncinia compacta Uncinia flaccida Uncinia sinclairii Uncinia sulcata Uncinia tenella HEMEROCALLIDACEAE Caesia alpina Dianella longifolia Dianella revoluta Dianella tasmanica Herpolirion novae-zelandiae glauca Stypandra HYPOXIDACEAE Hypoxis hygrometrica Hypoxis hygrometrica Hypoxis vaginata IRIDACEAE moraea Diplarrena * sericea Patersonia * * JUNCACEAE alexandri Juncus antarcticus Juncus * australis Juncus brevibracteus Juncus * * * falcatus Juncus filicaulis Juncus fockei Juncus gregiflorus Juncus homalocaulis Juncus Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park 61 J J J J H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M M M W W W CO K ????? Source Alien Status Unknown Unknown Nat Inv1 Unknown Nat Inv2 Nat Nat Inv2 Legal

Status

E (TSC) Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Alpine Fen-sedge Knob Sedge Tussock Bergarlia Carpet Sedge Tussock Bergarlia Sedge Wire-head Raleigh Sedge Hair Sedge Small Flower-rush Broad-leaf Flower-rush Umbrella Sedge Flat-sedge Leafy Flat-sedge Dark Flat-sedge Flat-sedge Tiny Common Spike-rush Slender Spike-rush Ribbed Spike-rush Small Spike-rush Nodding Club-rush Slender Club-sedge Alpine Club-rush Floating Club-rush Benambra Club-sedge Club-sedge Whispy Club-rush Swamp Coarse Club-rush Club-sedge Fog Nutty Clud-rush Little Sword-sedge Sword-sedge Variable Tuft-rush Alpine Tuft-rush Common Bog-rush Alpine Bog-rush Medusa Bog-sedge Club-rush Large-headed Compact Hook-sedge Mountain Hook-sedge Small Hook-sedge Delicate Hook-sedge Alpine Grass Lily Blueberry Lily Black-anther Flax-lily Flax-lily Tasman Lily Sky Nodding Blue Lily Golden Weathergrass Golden Weathergrass Star Yellow White Iris Bearded Iris Tall Purple Flag Onion Grass Small Flowered Blue Pigroot Cushion Rush Jointed Rush Austral Rush Alpine Rush Rush Toad Capitate rush Soft Rush Sickle-leaf Rush Thread Rush Slender Joint-leaf Rush Rush Wiry Labill. R.J.F.Hend oxycarpus . alexandri (R.Br.) C.Moore & Betche (R.Br.) (F.Muell.) Kuk. (F.Muell.) Schltdl. longifolia (Boott) Kuk. Hook.f. hygrometrica villosisepala Kunth. var. Kunth

Vahl K.L.Wilson & D.I.Morris K.L.Wilson Kuk. longifolia Kunth var. var. var. R.Br. Klatt Boeckeler vaginata Boeckeler F.Muell. ex Benth. ex F.Muell. cephalotes Boeckeler S.T.Blake subsp. S.T.Blake Kuk. (Thunb.) A.Dietr (Thunb.) L.A.S.Johnson F.Muell. Hook.f. Lam. Hook.f. Boeckeler L. Schltdl. F.Muell. R.Br. Hook.f. Labill. R.Br. Weigel R.Br. (S.T.Blake) K.L.Wilson (S.T.Blake) Hook.f. L.f. var. var. capillacea L.A.S.Johnson R.Br. R.Br. var. (C.B.Clarke) K.L.Wilson (C.B.Clarke) L. K.R.Thiele F.Muell S.T.Blake Boott R. Br. L.A.S.Johnson subsp R.Br. Roem. & Schult. Nees R.Br. L. var. var. R.Br. S.T.Blake F.Muell. (L.) R.Br. F.Muell. L. Hook.f. Buchenau R.Br. F.Muell. ex Benth. ex F.Muell. (Vahl) Roem. & Schult. (Vahl) K.L.Wilson R.Br. E.Mey. Nelmes Boott R.Br. (Edgar) Sojak (Edgar) Hook.f. R.Br. Buchenau Nelmes subsp. Nelmes Cyperus eragrostis Cyperus tenellus Iris germanica Romulea minutiflora iridifolium Sisyrinchium articulatus Juncus bufonius Juncus capitatus Juncus effusus Juncus Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group gaudichaudiana Carex hebes Carex hypandra Carex incomitata Carex inversa Carex iynx Carex jackiana Carex longebrachiata Carex polyantha Carex pyrenaica Carex raleighii Carex rara Carex tereticaulis Carex Carpha alpina Carpha nivicola * Cyperus lhotskyanus Cyperus lucidus Cyperus sanguinolentus * acuta Eleocharis gracilis Eleocharis plana Eleocharis pusilla Eleocharis Isolepis aucklandica Isolepis cernua Isolepis congrua Isolepis crassiuscula Isolepis fluitans Isolepis gaudichaudiana Isolepis habra Isolepis inundata * Isolepis marginata Isolepis montivaga Isolepis multicaulis Isolepis producta Isolepis subtilissima Lepidosperma curtisiae Lepidosperma gunnii Lepidosperma laterale distichus Oreobolus oxycarpus Oreobolus pumilio Oreobolus apogon Schoenus calyptratus Schoenus latelaminatus Schoenus Scirpus polystachyus Uncinia compacta Uncinia flaccida Uncinia sinclairii Uncinia sulcata Uncinia tenella HEMEROCALLIDACEAE Caesia alpina Dianella longifolia Dianella revoluta Dianella tasmanica Herpolirion novae-zelandiae glauca Stypandra HYPOXIDACEAE Hypoxis hygrometrica Hypoxis hygrometrica Hypoxis vaginata IRIDACEAE moraea Diplarrena * sericea Patersonia * * JUNCACEAE alexandri Juncus antarcticus Juncus * australis Juncus brevibracteus Juncus * * * falcatus Juncus filicaulis Juncus fockei Juncus gregiflorus Juncus homalocaulis Juncus 62 Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park J H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H G G G H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M M W W W MCL MCL Source Alien Status Inv2 Legal

Status

E (TSC) CE (EPBC) V (TSC) Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ Common Name Rush Loose Flower Rush Dark-flower Rush Broad Leaved Alpine Joint-leaf Rush Broom Rush Finger Rush Slender Rush Rush Snowfield Common Rush Clustered Rush Woodrush Tussock Slender Woodrush Wood-rush Pale Field Woodrush Clustered Wood-rush Berry Turquoise Orchid Elbow Mountain Caladenia Pink Fingers Caladenia Black Tongue Caladenia Musky Green Bird Orchid Ant Orchid Bird Orchid Large Bristly Helmet Orchid Gnat Orchid Rock Orchid Streaked Golden Moths Pale Orchid Tiger Bands Parson’s Potato Orchid Midge Orchid Variable Midge Orchid Tiny Orchid Waxlip Slender Onion Orchid Scented Onion Common Onion Orchid Alpine Leek Orchid Short-lipped Leek Orchid Mountain Leek Orchid Rogers Scented Leek Orchid Congested Leek Orchid Slender Ruddyhood Blunt-tongue Greenhood Blunt Greenhood Summer Greenhood Sickle Greenhood Slender Greenhood Sickle Greenhood Mountain Greenhood Midget Greenhood Nodding Greenhood . (Edgar) M.E.Jansen (Edgar) Edgar (R.S.Rogers) R.S.Rogers dura D.L.Jones D.L.Jones Fitzg. R.J.Bates & D.L.Jones D.L.Jones R.S.Rogers (Lindl.) Hook.f. D.L.Jones & D.T.Rouse nana R.Br. R.J.Bates & D.L.Jones (Nicholls) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones (Rupp) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Rchb.f. (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh Gand. D.L. Jones D.L.Jones (F.Muell.) Blaxell (F.Muell.) D.L.Jones L.A.S.Johnson R.Br. R.Br. D.L.Jones (Hook.f.) D.Jones & M.Clements D.L.Jones (Labill.) Rchb.f. (Hook.) D.Jones & M.Clements (Sm.) R.Br. (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh. Fitz. H.Nordensk. R.Br. (D.L.Jones) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Hook.f. N.A.Wakef. subsp. D.L.Jones Lindl. L.A.S.Johnson R.S.Rogers R.Br. L.A.S.Johnson R.Br. R.Br. R.Br. R.S.Rogers D.L.Jones R.Br. G.W.Carr Hook.f. Lindl. D.L.Jones R.Br. R.Br. D.L.Jones Lourteig R.Br. D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. R.S.Rogers R.S.Rogers (H.Nordensk.) Edgar R.S.Rogers R.Br. R.Br. subsp. D.L.Jones R.Br. R.Br D.L.Jones (G.Forst.) Rchb.f. (G.Forst.) R.Br. Buchenau D.L.Jones H.Nordensk. L.A.S.Johnson (Buchenau) Edgar Willd. Edgar R.Br. Edgar Juncus tenuis Juncus Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group pauciflorus Juncus phaeanthus Juncus planifolius Juncus sandwithii Juncus sarophorus Juncus subsecundus Juncus * thompsonianus Juncus usitatus Juncus vaginatus Juncus Luzula acutifolia Luzula alpestris Luzula atrata Luzula australasica Luzula densiflora Luzula flaccida Luzula meridionalis Luzula modesta Luzula novae-cambriae Luzula ovata LUZURIAGACEAE Drymophila cyanocarpa ORCHIDACEAE huntianus Arthrochilus Caladenia alpina Caladenia carnea Caladenia congesta Caladenia gracilis cornuta Chiloglottis gunnii Chiloglottis trilabra Chiloglottis turfosa Chiloglottis valida Chiloglottis Corysanthes hispida Cyrtostylis reniformis striolatum Dendrobium Dipodium punctatum Dipodium roseum Diuris monticola Diuris ochroma Diuris subalpina Diuris sulphurea cucullatus Eriochilus magenteus Eriochilus procera Gastrodia sesamoides Gastrodia Genoplesium archeri Genoplesium nudum Genoplesium turfosum Glossodia major oblonga Microtis parviflora Microtis rara Microtis unifolia Microtis gracillimus Petalochilus alpestre Prasophyllum brevilabre Prasophyllum candidum Prasophyllum innubum Prasophyllum montanum Prasophyllum odoratum Prasophyllum retroflexum Prasophyllum sphacelatum Prasophyllum tadgellianum Prasophyllum venustum Prasophyllum aciculiformis Pterostylis alpina Pterostylis aneba Pterostylis atrans Pterostylis crassicaulis Pterostylis curta Pterostylis cycnocephala Pterostylis decurva Pterostylis dubia Pterostylis falcata Pterostylis foliata Pterostylis furcata Pterostylis melagramma Pterostylis monticola Pterostylis multiflora Pterostylis mutica Pterostylis nutans Pterostylis Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park 63 J H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H G G G H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M M W W W MCL MCL Source Alien Status Inv2 Legal

Status

E (TSC) CE (EPBC) V (TSC) Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ Common Name Rush Loose Flower Rush Dark-flower Rush Broad Leaved Alpine Joint-leaf Rush Broom Rush Finger Rush Slender Rush Rush Snowfield Common Rush Clustered Rush Woodrush Tussock Slender Woodrush Wood-rush Pale Field Woodrush Clustered Wood-rush Berry Turquoise Orchid Elbow Mountain Caladenia Pink Fingers Caladenia Black Tongue Caladenia Musky Green Bird Orchid Ant Orchid Bird Orchid Large Bristly Helmet Orchid Gnat Orchid Rock Orchid Streaked Golden Moths Pale Orchid Tiger Bands Parson’s Potato Orchid Midge Orchid Variable Midge Orchid Tiny Orchid Waxlip Slender Onion Orchid Scented Onion Common Onion Orchid Alpine Leek Orchid Short-lipped Leek Orchid Mountain Leek Orchid Rogers Scented Leek Orchid Congested Leek Orchid Slender Ruddyhood Blunt-tongue Greenhood Blunt Greenhood Summer Greenhood Sickle Greenhood Slender Greenhood Sickle Greenhood Mountain Greenhood Midget Greenhood Nodding Greenhood . (Edgar) M.E.Jansen (Edgar) Edgar (R.S.Rogers) R.S.Rogers dura D.L.Jones D.L.Jones Fitzg. R.J.Bates & D.L.Jones D.L.Jones R.S.Rogers (Lindl.) Hook.f. D.L.Jones & D.T.Rouse nana R.Br. R.J.Bates & D.L.Jones (Nicholls) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones (Rupp) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Rchb.f. (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh Gand. D.L. Jones D.L.Jones (F.Muell.) Blaxell (F.Muell.) D.L.Jones L.A.S.Johnson R.Br. R.Br. D.L.Jones (Hook.f.) D.Jones & M.Clements D.L.Jones (Labill.) Rchb.f. (Hook.) D.Jones & M.Clements (Sm.) R.Br. (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh. Fitz. H.Nordensk. R.Br. (D.L.Jones) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Hook.f. N.A.Wakef. subsp. D.L.Jones Lindl. L.A.S.Johnson R.S.Rogers R.Br. L.A.S.Johnson R.Br. R.Br. R.Br. R.S.Rogers D.L.Jones R.Br. G.W.Carr Hook.f. Lindl. D.L.Jones R.Br. R.Br. D.L.Jones Lourteig R.Br. D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. R.S.Rogers R.S.Rogers (H.Nordensk.) Edgar R.S.Rogers R.Br. R.Br. subsp. D.L.Jones R.Br. R.Br D.L.Jones (G.Forst.) Rchb.f. (G.Forst.) R.Br. Buchenau D.L.Jones H.Nordensk. L.A.S.Johnson (Buchenau) Edgar Willd. Edgar R.Br. Edgar Juncus tenuis Juncus Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group pauciflorus Juncus phaeanthus Juncus planifolius Juncus sandwithii Juncus sarophorus Juncus subsecundus Juncus * thompsonianus Juncus usitatus Juncus vaginatus Juncus Luzula acutifolia Luzula alpestris Luzula atrata Luzula australasica Luzula densiflora Luzula flaccida Luzula meridionalis Luzula modesta Luzula novae-cambriae Luzula ovata LUZURIAGACEAE Drymophila cyanocarpa ORCHIDACEAE huntianus Arthrochilus Caladenia alpina Caladenia carnea Caladenia congesta Caladenia gracilis cornuta Chiloglottis gunnii Chiloglottis trilabra Chiloglottis turfosa Chiloglottis valida Chiloglottis Corysanthes hispida Cyrtostylis reniformis striolatum Dendrobium Dipodium punctatum Dipodium roseum Diuris monticola Diuris ochroma Diuris subalpina Diuris sulphurea cucullatus Eriochilus magenteus Eriochilus procera Gastrodia sesamoides Gastrodia Genoplesium archeri Genoplesium nudum Genoplesium turfosum Glossodia major oblonga Microtis parviflora Microtis rara Microtis unifolia Microtis gracillimus Petalochilus alpestre Prasophyllum brevilabre Prasophyllum candidum Prasophyllum innubum Prasophyllum montanum Prasophyllum odoratum Prasophyllum retroflexum Prasophyllum sphacelatum Prasophyllum tadgellianum Prasophyllum venustum Prasophyllum aciculiformis Pterostylis alpina Pterostylis aneba Pterostylis atrans Pterostylis crassicaulis Pterostylis curta Pterostylis cycnocephala Pterostylis decurva Pterostylis dubia Pterostylis falcata Pterostylis foliata Pterostylis furcata Pterostylis melagramma Pterostylis monticola Pterostylis multiflora Pterostylis mutica Pterostylis nutans Pterostylis 64 Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park J J J J J J C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H G H H H H H H H M M M M M W W W W W MC Source Alien Status Inv2 Unknown Nat Inv3 Inv2 Nat Inv2 Inv1 Inv4 Inv2 Nat Nat Nat Nat Inv1 Nat Nat Nat Inv1 Unknown Inv1 Nat Unknown Inv1 Nat Nat Nat Inv1 (TSC) Legal

Status

E Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Blue-tongue Greenhood Greenhood Tiny Striped Greenhood Large Ladies Tresses Alpine Sun Orchid Sun Orchid Veined Scented Sun Orchid Plain Sun Orchid Slender Sun Orchid Graceful Sun Orchid Australian Bent Bent Alpine Winter Bent Browntop Redtop Bent Hair Bent Mueller’sBent Hair Bent Mountain Bent Creeping Bent Alpine Bent Graceful Bent Hairgrass Silvery Hairgrass Silvery Delicate Hairgrass Early Hairgrass Foxtail Short-awned Grass Sweet Vernal Spear Grass Three-awned Purple Wiregrass Bulbous Oatgrass Comb Wheat Grass Comb Wheat Grass Mountain Wheat Grass Crested Spear-grass Spear-grass Foxtail Alpine Spear-grass Knotty Speargrass Bearded Oats Oats Red Grass Quaking Grass Grass Shivery Prairie Grass Great Brome Soft Brome Brome Awnless Madrid Brome Smooth Brome Red Brome Sterile Brome Drooping Brome Grass Wallaby Robust Grass Windmill Grass Barbed Wire Couch Rough Dogs Tail Cocksfoot Hairgrass Tufted Annual Beardgrass Allied Bent-grass Short Bent-grass Bent-grass Keeled Thick Bent-grass Bent-grass Bent-grass Queensland Bluegrass Longhair Plumegrass Plumegrass sericeum (Willd.) Spenn. (Willd.) Henrard (Hughes) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett (Hughes) S.W.L.Jacobs bulbosum (Vickery) A.Löve (Vickery) (Labill.) A.Löve L. (Nees) B.K.Simon var. var. Fitzg. falcata (L.) P.Beauv. (Stapf) Vickery Sobol. benthamii (R.Br.) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett S.W.L.Jacobs (R.Br.) A.Camus (R.Br.) L. (R.Br.) A.Camus subsp. (R.Br.) Vickery S.W.L.Jacobs (Hughes) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett (Hughes) S.W.L.Jacobs R.Br. L. L. Mez. L. Clemesha Vahl D.I.Morris R.Br. Schur (L.) Tutin N.G.Walsh Lindl. L. Vickery Lindl. L. (Labill.) Benth. Jeanes Vickery (Vickery) Conert (Vickery) L. D.L.Jones et M.A.Clem. (Steud.) S.T.Blake. (J.H.Willis) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett S.W.L.Jacobs (J.H.Willis) R. Rogers (R.Br.) Lindl. (R.Br.) (Roem. & Schult.) Vickery (Roem. & Schult.) L. (L.f.) Hook.f. Vickery Roth (Nees) Benth. (C.E.Hubb.) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett S.W.L.Jacobs (C.E.Hubb.) var. (S.T.Blake) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett S.W.L.Jacobs (S.T.Blake) S.W.L.Jacobs Roth L. R.Br. var. var. Vickery R.S.Rogers (Lindl.) Benth. Jeanes Vickery Leyss. (L.) Pers. (Spreng.) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett (Spreng.) S.W.L.Jacobs Guss. F.Muell. ex Benth. ex F.Muell. L. L. Steud. R.Br. R.Br. Pott ex Link Pott ex Trin. S.W.L.Jacobs L. M.Gray R.Br. S.W.L.Jacobs L. L. L. bettyae parviflora

Agrostis capillaris Agrostis gigantea Agrostis stolonifera Agrostis caryophyllea Aira cupaniana Aira elegantissima Aira praecox Aira Anthoxanthum odoratum Arrhenatherum elatius barbata Avena sativa Avena Briza minor catharticus Bromus diandrus Bromus hordeaceus Bromus madritensis Bromus rubens Bromus sterilis Bromus tectorum Bromus Cynosurus echinatus Dactylis glomerata Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group oreophila Pterostylis parviflora Pterostylis robusta Pterostylis australis Spiranthes alpicola Thelymitra alpina Thelymitra arenaria Thelymitra cyanea Thelymitra juncifolia Thelymitra megcalyptra Thelymitra nuda Thelymitra pauciflora Thelymitra simulata Thelymitra truncata Thelymitra POACEAE australiensis Agrostis Agrostis * * joyceae Agrostis muelleriana Agrostis Agrostis propinqua Agrostis * thompsoniae Agrostis venusta Agrostis * * * * * Alopecurus aequalis * Aristida benthamii Aristida ramosa * pectinatum Australopyrum retrofractum Australopyrum velutinum Australopyrum blackii Austrostipa densiflora Austrostipa nivicola Austrostipa nodosa Austrostipa pubescens Austrostipa rudis Austrostipa scabra Austrostipa * * macra Bothriochloa * Briza maxima * brevis * Bromus * * * inermis * Bromus * racemosus * Bromus * * * frigida Chionochloa Chloris truncata refractus Cymbopogon Cynodon dactylon * * cespitosa Deschampsia * Desmazeria rigida affinis Deyeuxia brachyathera Deyeuxia carinata Deyeuxia crassiuscula Deyeuxia frigida Deyeuxia gunniana Deyeuxia innominata Deyeuxia microseta Deyeuxia monticola Deyeuxia quadriseta Deyeuxia rodwayi Deyeuxia scaberula Deyeuxia sericeum Dichanthium crinita Dichelachne hirtella Dichelachne Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park 65 J J J J J J C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H G H H H H H H H M M M M M W W W W W MC Source Alien Status Inv2 Unknown Nat Inv3 Inv2 Nat Inv2 Inv1 Inv4 Inv2 Nat Nat Nat Nat Inv1 Nat Nat Nat Inv1 Unknown Inv1 Nat Unknown Inv1 Nat Nat Nat Inv1 (TSC) Legal

Status

E Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Blue-tongue Greenhood Greenhood Tiny Striped Greenhood Large Ladies Tresses Alpine Sun Orchid Sun Orchid Veined Scented Sun Orchid Plain Sun Orchid Slender Sun Orchid Graceful Sun Orchid Australian Bent Bent Alpine Winter Bent Browntop Redtop Bent Hair Bent Mueller’sBent Hair Bent Mountain Bent Creeping Bent Alpine Bent Graceful Bent Hairgrass Silvery Hairgrass Silvery Delicate Hairgrass Early Hairgrass Foxtail Short-awned Grass Sweet Vernal Spear Grass Three-awned Purple Wiregrass Bulbous Oatgrass Comb Wheat Grass Comb Wheat Grass Mountain Wheat Grass Crested Spear-grass Spear-grass Foxtail Alpine Spear-grass Knotty Speargrass Bearded Oats Oats Red Grass Quaking Grass Grass Shivery Prairie Grass Great Brome Soft Brome Brome Awnless Madrid Brome Smooth Brome Red Brome Sterile Brome Drooping Brome Grass Wallaby Robust Grass Windmill Grass Barbed Wire Couch Rough Dogs Tail Cocksfoot Hairgrass Tufted Annual Beardgrass Allied Bent-grass Short Bent-grass Bent-grass Keeled Thick Bent-grass Bent-grass Bent-grass Queensland Bluegrass Longhair Plumegrass Plumegrass sericeum (Willd.) Spenn. (Willd.) Henrard (Hughes) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett (Hughes) S.W.L.Jacobs bulbosum (Vickery) A.Löve (Vickery) (Labill.) A.Löve L. (Nees) B.K.Simon var. var. Fitzg. falcata (L.) P.Beauv. (Stapf) Vickery Sobol. benthamii (R.Br.) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett S.W.L.Jacobs (R.Br.) A.Camus (R.Br.) L. (R.Br.) A.Camus subsp. (R.Br.) Vickery S.W.L.Jacobs (Hughes) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett (Hughes) S.W.L.Jacobs R.Br. L. L. Mez. L. Clemesha Vahl D.I.Morris R.Br. Schur (L.) Tutin N.G.Walsh Lindl. L. Vickery Lindl. L. (Labill.) Benth. Jeanes Vickery (Vickery) Conert (Vickery) L. D.L.Jones et M.A.Clem. (Steud.) S.T.Blake. (J.H.Willis) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett S.W.L.Jacobs (J.H.Willis) R. Rogers (R.Br.) Lindl. (R.Br.) (Roem. & Schult.) Vickery (Roem. & Schult.) L. (L.f.) Hook.f. Vickery Roth (Nees) Benth. (C.E.Hubb.) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett S.W.L.Jacobs (C.E.Hubb.) var. (S.T.Blake) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett S.W.L.Jacobs (S.T.Blake) S.W.L.Jacobs Roth L. R.Br. var. var. Vickery R.S.Rogers (Lindl.) Benth. Jeanes Vickery Leyss. (L.) Pers. (Spreng.) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett (Spreng.) S.W.L.Jacobs Guss. F.Muell. ex Benth. ex F.Muell. L. L. Steud. R.Br. R.Br. Pott ex Link Pott ex Trin. S.W.L.Jacobs L. M.Gray R.Br. S.W.L.Jacobs L. L. L. bettyae parviflora

Agrostis capillaris Agrostis gigantea Agrostis stolonifera Agrostis caryophyllea Aira cupaniana Aira elegantissima Aira praecox Aira Anthoxanthum odoratum Arrhenatherum elatius barbata Avena sativa Avena Briza minor catharticus Bromus diandrus Bromus hordeaceus Bromus madritensis Bromus rubens Bromus sterilis Bromus tectorum Bromus Cynosurus echinatus Dactylis glomerata Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group oreophila Pterostylis parviflora Pterostylis robusta Pterostylis australis Spiranthes alpicola Thelymitra alpina Thelymitra arenaria Thelymitra cyanea Thelymitra juncifolia Thelymitra megcalyptra Thelymitra nuda Thelymitra pauciflora Thelymitra simulata Thelymitra truncata Thelymitra POACEAE australiensis Agrostis Agrostis * * joyceae Agrostis muelleriana Agrostis Agrostis propinqua Agrostis * thompsoniae Agrostis venusta Agrostis * * * * * Alopecurus aequalis * Aristida benthamii Aristida ramosa * pectinatum Australopyrum retrofractum Australopyrum velutinum Australopyrum blackii Austrostipa densiflora Austrostipa nivicola Austrostipa nodosa Austrostipa pubescens Austrostipa rudis Austrostipa scabra Austrostipa * * macra Bothriochloa * Briza maxima * brevis * Bromus * * * inermis * Bromus * racemosus * Bromus * * * frigida Chionochloa Chloris truncata refractus Cymbopogon Cynodon dactylon * * cespitosa Deschampsia * Desmazeria rigida affinis Deyeuxia brachyathera Deyeuxia carinata Deyeuxia crassiuscula Deyeuxia frigida Deyeuxia gunniana Deyeuxia innominata Deyeuxia microseta Deyeuxia monticola Deyeuxia quadriseta Deyeuxia rodwayi Deyeuxia scaberula Deyeuxia sericeum Dichanthium crinita Dichelachne hirtella Dichelachne 66 Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park J J J H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M M M M M M M W W W W W W W W AC Atlas Source Alien Status Nat Inv2 Inv2 Nat Unknown Nat Nat Nat Inv2 Nat Inv2 Inv1 Inv4 Cas Unknown Unknown Nat Unknown Unknown Nat Nat Nat Inv1 Nat Nat Nat Inv2 Inv2 Unknown

Legal Status Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Shorthair Plumegrass Summer Grass Hedgehog Grass Tufted Hedgehog Grass Long-flowered Hedgehog Grass Forest Veldtgrass Panic Annual Veldtgrass Goose Grass Common Wheatgrass English Couch Niggerheads Lovegrass Brown’s Grass African Love Lovegrass Weeping Soft Lovegrass Graceful Fescue Fescue Tall Alpine Fescue Fescue Chewings Fescue Meadow Red Fescue Reed Sweetgrass Matgrass Sweet Holy-grass Alpine Holy-grass Fog Yorkshire Fescue Snow Fescue Hookers Grass Northern Barley Grass Barley Blown-grass Tumbling Blowngrass Alpine Blown-grass Italian Ryegrass Perennial Ryegrass Ryegrass Wimmera Rice-grass Meadow Serrated Tussock Hairy Panic Veldtgrass Panic Fine Panic Paspalum Couch Water Speargrass Fiveawn Hairgrass False Phalaris Reed Canary Grass Timothy Common Reed Grass Winter Snowgrass Fine-leaved Canada Bluegrass Prickly Snowgrass Purple-sheathed Tussock-grass Smooth Blue Snowgrass Snowgrass Broad-leaved Soft Snowgrass Tussock-grass Hooker’s Tussock Tussock-grass Avon Rock Tussock-grass Blue Snowgrass Bluegrass Kentucky Snowgrass Blue-leaf Tussock-grass Slender Tussock-grass Annual Beardgrass Annual Catstail Alpine Grass Southern Sheep-grass Ringed Wallaby-grass Grass Wallaby Smooth Wallaby-grass Wallaby-grass Long-leaved Wallaby-grass Small-flower Wallaby-grass Snow caespitosus stipoides Vickery . labillardierei sieberiana Vickery (L.) Desf. (Hack. ex Cheeseman) Edgar & Connor Cheeseman) Edgar (Hack. ex (Gaudich.) Connor & Edgar (R.Br.) Connor & Edgar (R.Br.) (F.Muell. ex Hook.f.) E.B.Alexeev ex (F.Muell. (Vickery) S.W.L.Jacobs (Vickery) C.E.Hubb. var. var. C.E.Hubb. var (Vickery) Connor & Edgar (Vickery) (Lindl.) Connor & Edgar Trin. & Rupr. Trin. S.T.Blake (Labill.) Baill. . Trin. (G.Forst.) (Vickery) S.W.L.Jacobs (Vickery) L. (Nees) Stapf Schreb. (Cav.) Domin (Cav.) (L.) Scop. (Petrie) Clayton & Renvoize ex Connor & Edgar ex (Petrie) Clayton & Renvoize (Vickery) Connor & Edgar (Vickery) (R.Br.) P.Beauv. (R.Br.) (Vickery) Connor & Edgar (Vickery) Sm. Link (R.Br.) Trin. (R.Br.) (Nees) Hack. ex Arechav (Nees) Hack. ex F.Muell. (Vickery) A.M.Humphreys & H.P.Linder A.M.Humphreys (Vickery) Poir. (R.Br.) Trin (R.Br.) Lam. R.Br. (Lam.) Lam. (Labill.) R.Br. var. var. (Labill.) R.Br. Lam. (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. ex Trin. (Cav.) (R.Br.) Hughes (R.Br.) L. C.E.Hubb. (Schrad.) Nees Steud. (G. Forst.) P.Beauv. (G. Forst.) (Vickery) Connor & Edgar (Vickery) J. (Vahl) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult. ex R.Br. J. (Vahl) cyanophylla hirtella L. (L.) Tzvelev B.K.Simon (L.) P.Beauv. Huds. (Hartm.) Holmb. L. (Kunth) Nees (Kunth) Lam. Steud (L.) Desv. ex Nevski ex (L.) Desv. (R.Br.) Vickery (R.Br.) L. L. Gaudin Vickery R.Br. L. Vickery Vickery N.G.Walsh L. L. Spreng. var. Spreng. var. var. var. Vickery Vickery Vickery Vickery A.Love (R.Br.) Vickery Vickery L. Vickery Vickery F.Muell. ex Hook.f. ex F.Muell. Vickery Digitaria sanguinalis Eleusine tristachya Elytrigia repens curvula Eragrostis arundinacea Festuca nigrescens Festuca pratensis Festuca rubra Festuca Glyceria maxima Holcus lanatus glaucum Hordeum leporinum Hordeum Lolium multiflorum Lolium perenne Lolium rigidum Nassella trichotoma dilatatum Paspalum airoides Pentaschistis Phalaris aquatica Phalaris arundinacea Phleum pratense annua Poa pratensis Poa cristata Rostraria Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group inaequiglumis Dichelachne micrantha Dichelachne parva Dichelachne rara Dichelachne sieberiana Dichelachne * caespitosus Echinopogon cheelii Echinopogon ovatus Echinopogon * Ehrharta erecta * Ehrharta longiflora * Elymus scaber * nigricans Enneapogon brownii Eragrostis * parviflora Eragrostis pilosa * Eragrostis asperula Festuca * muelleri Festuca * * * * Hemarthria uncinata redolens Hierochloe submutica Hierochloe * eriopoda Hookerochloa hookeriana Hookerochloa * * aemula Lachnagrostis filiformis Lachnagrostis meionectes Lachnagrostis * * * stipoides Microlaena * effusum Panicum criniforme Paspalidium gracile Paspalidium * distichum Paspalum quadrifidus Pentapogon * * * * australis Phragmites * clivicola Poa compressa * Poa costiniana Poa ensiformis Poa fawcettiae Poa helmsii Poa hiemata Poa hookeri Poa induta Poa labillardierei Poa orthoclada Poa petrophila Poa phillipsiana Poa * sieberiana Poa sieberiana Poa sieberiana Poa tenera Poa monspeliensis * Polypogon * Rytidosperma alpicola Rytidosperma australe Rytidosperma caespitosum Rytidosperma erianthum Rytidosperma fulvum Rytidosperma laeve Rytidosperma longifolium Rytidosperma monticola Rytidosperma nivicola Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park 67 J J J H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M M M M M M M W W W W W W W W AC Atlas Source Alien Status Nat Inv2 Inv2 Nat Unknown Nat Nat Nat Inv2 Nat Inv2 Inv1 Inv4 Cas Unknown Unknown Nat Unknown Unknown Nat Nat Nat Inv1 Nat Nat Nat Inv2 Inv2 Unknown

Legal Status Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Shorthair Plumegrass Summer Grass Hedgehog Grass Tufted Hedgehog Grass Long-flowered Hedgehog Grass Forest Veldtgrass Panic Annual Veldtgrass Goose Grass Common Wheatgrass English Couch Niggerheads Lovegrass Brown’s Grass African Love Lovegrass Weeping Soft Lovegrass Graceful Fescue Fescue Tall Alpine Fescue Fescue Chewings Fescue Meadow Red Fescue Reed Sweetgrass Matgrass Sweet Holy-grass Alpine Holy-grass Fog Yorkshire Fescue Snow Fescue Hookers Grass Northern Barley Grass Barley Blown-grass Tumbling Blowngrass Alpine Blown-grass Italian Ryegrass Perennial Ryegrass Ryegrass Wimmera Rice-grass Meadow Serrated Tussock Hairy Panic Veldtgrass Panic Fine Panic Paspalum Couch Water Speargrass Fiveawn Hairgrass False Phalaris Reed Canary Grass Timothy Common Reed Grass Winter Snowgrass Fine-leaved Canada Bluegrass Prickly Snowgrass Purple-sheathed Tussock-grass Smooth Blue Snowgrass Snowgrass Broad-leaved Soft Snowgrass Tussock-grass Hooker’s Tussock Tussock-grass Avon Rock Tussock-grass Blue Snowgrass Bluegrass Kentucky Snowgrass Blue-leaf Tussock-grass Slender Tussock-grass Annual Beardgrass Annual Catstail Alpine Grass Southern Sheep-grass Ringed Wallaby-grass Grass Wallaby Smooth Wallaby-grass Wallaby-grass Long-leaved Wallaby-grass Small-flower Wallaby-grass Snow caespitosus stipoides Vickery . labillardierei sieberiana Vickery (L.) Desf. (Hack. ex Cheeseman) Edgar & Connor Cheeseman) Edgar (Hack. ex (Gaudich.) Connor & Edgar (R.Br.) Connor & Edgar (R.Br.) (F.Muell. ex Hook.f.) E.B.Alexeev ex (F.Muell. (Vickery) S.W.L.Jacobs (Vickery) C.E.Hubb. var. var. C.E.Hubb. var (Vickery) Connor & Edgar (Vickery) (Lindl.) Connor & Edgar Trin. & Rupr. Trin. S.T.Blake (Labill.) Baill. . Trin. (G.Forst.) (Vickery) S.W.L.Jacobs (Vickery) L. (Nees) Stapf Schreb. (Cav.) Domin (Cav.) (L.) Scop. (Petrie) Clayton & Renvoize ex Connor & Edgar ex (Petrie) Clayton & Renvoize (Vickery) Connor & Edgar (Vickery) (R.Br.) P.Beauv. (R.Br.) (Vickery) Connor & Edgar (Vickery) Sm. Link (R.Br.) Trin. (R.Br.) (Nees) Hack. ex Arechav (Nees) Hack. ex F.Muell. (Vickery) A.M.Humphreys & H.P.Linder A.M.Humphreys (Vickery) Poir. (R.Br.) Trin (R.Br.) Lam. R.Br. (Lam.) Lam. (Labill.) R.Br. var. var. (Labill.) R.Br. Lam. (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. ex Trin. (Cav.) (R.Br.) Hughes (R.Br.) L. C.E.Hubb. (Schrad.) Nees Steud. (G. Forst.) P.Beauv. (G. Forst.) (Vickery) Connor & Edgar (Vickery) J. (Vahl) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult. ex R.Br. J. (Vahl) cyanophylla hirtella L. (L.) Tzvelev B.K.Simon (L.) P.Beauv. Huds. (Hartm.) Holmb. L. (Kunth) Nees (Kunth) Lam. Steud (L.) Desv. ex Nevski ex (L.) Desv. (R.Br.) Vickery (R.Br.) L. L. Gaudin Vickery R.Br. L. Vickery Vickery N.G.Walsh L. L. Spreng. var. Spreng. var. var. var. Vickery Vickery Vickery Vickery A.Love (R.Br.) Vickery Vickery L. Vickery Vickery F.Muell. ex Hook.f. ex F.Muell. Vickery Digitaria sanguinalis Eleusine tristachya Elytrigia repens curvula Eragrostis arundinacea Festuca nigrescens Festuca pratensis Festuca rubra Festuca Glyceria maxima Holcus lanatus glaucum Hordeum leporinum Hordeum Lolium multiflorum Lolium perenne Lolium rigidum Nassella trichotoma dilatatum Paspalum airoides Pentaschistis Phalaris aquatica Phalaris arundinacea Phleum pratense annua Poa pratensis Poa cristata Rostraria Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group inaequiglumis Dichelachne micrantha Dichelachne parva Dichelachne rara Dichelachne sieberiana Dichelachne * caespitosus Echinopogon cheelii Echinopogon ovatus Echinopogon * Ehrharta erecta * Ehrharta longiflora * Elymus scaber * nigricans Enneapogon brownii Eragrostis * parviflora Eragrostis pilosa * Eragrostis asperula Festuca * muelleri Festuca * * * * Hemarthria uncinata redolens Hierochloe submutica Hierochloe * eriopoda Hookerochloa hookeriana Hookerochloa * * aemula Lachnagrostis filiformis Lachnagrostis meionectes Lachnagrostis * * * stipoides Microlaena * effusum Panicum criniforme Paspalidium gracile Paspalidium * distichum Paspalum quadrifidus Pentapogon * * * * australis Phragmites * clivicola Poa compressa * Poa costiniana Poa ensiformis Poa fawcettiae Poa helmsii Poa hiemata Poa hookeri Poa induta Poa labillardierei Poa orthoclada Poa petrophila Poa phillipsiana Poa * sieberiana Poa sieberiana Poa sieberiana Poa tenera Poa monspeliensis * Polypogon * Rytidosperma alpicola Rytidosperma australe Rytidosperma caespitosum Rytidosperma erianthum Rytidosperma fulvum Rytidosperma laeve Rytidosperma longifolium Rytidosperma monticola Rytidosperma nivicola 68 Cunninghamia 15: 2015 Doherty, Wright & McDougall, The flora of Kosciuszko National Park H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H M M M Source Alien Status Cas Nat Nat Cas Inv2 Nat Nat Legal

Status

V (TSC) E (TSC) Alpine >1800m Alpine

√ √ √ √ √ √

Treeless <1800m Treeless

Subalpine / Montane Montane / Subalpine √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

1400m–1800m

Subalpine Snowgum Snowgum Subalpine √ √ √ √ √

1000m–1400m

Montane Forest Forest Montane √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

400–1000m

Tableland Forest Forest Tableland √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Lower Snowy <700m Snowy Lower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Common Name Alpine Wallaby-grass Mountain Wallaby-grass Wallaby-grass Silvertop Slender Wallaby-grass Wallaby-grass Smooth-flowered Feldmark Grass Wallaby-grass Smallflower Wallaby-grass Tasmanian Wallaby-grass Short-awn Perisher Wallaby-grass Rock Poa Cereal Rye Grass Parramatta Grass Kangaroo Bristle Grass Common Wheat Fescue Squirrel Tail Fescue Wall Fescue Rats Tail Pondweed Blunt Pondweed Floating Pondweed Spreading Rope-rush Grass-tree D.J.Bedford Hulten ex Veldkamp Hulten ex F.Muell. & A.Benn. F.Muell. A.Benn. ex (Labill.) Connor & Edgar . angustifolia (Labill.) Connor & Edgar A.Benn. (R.Br.) Connor & Edgar (R.Br.) H.P.Linder & N.G.Walsh H.P.Linder australiense (P. Morris) Connor & Edgar (P. (R.Br.) Connor & Edgar (R.Br.) M.Gray & H.P.Linder (Kirk) Clayton & Renvoize ex Connor & Edgar ex (Kirk) Clayton & Renvoize Raoul (R.Br.) A.M.Humphreys & H.P.Linder A.M.Humphreys (R.Br.) (Poir.) Robyns & Tournay Tournay Robyns & (Poir.) (R.Br.) Connor & Edgar (R.Br.) (Steud.) A.Hansen & Sunding (Steud.) subsp (Poir.) Kerguelen Kerguelen (Poir.) L. (L.) Gray (R.Br.) B.G. Briggs & L.A.S. Johnson (R.Br.) (R.Br.) Stapf (R.Br.) subsp. (Hook.f.) L.A.S.Johnson & D.F.Cutler (R.Br.) Soreng, L.J.Gillespie & S.W.L.Jacobs (R.Br.) (Kunth) Nees (Kunth) L. (L.) C.C.Gmel. Secale cereale Setaria parviflora africanus Sporobolus bromoides Vulpia muralis Vulpia myuros Vulpia Group / Family / Taxon / Family Group Rytidosperma nudiflorum Rytidosperma oreophilum Rytidosperma pallidum Rytidosperma penicillatum Rytidosperma pilosum Rytidosperma pumilum Rytidosperma racemosum Rytidosperma setaceum Rytidosperma semiannulare Rytidosperma tenuius Rytidosperma vickeryae Saxipoa saxicola * * * Themeda australis spicatum Trisetum aestivum * Triticum * * * POTAMOGETONACEAE cheesemanii Potamogeton ochreatus Potamogeton tricarinatus auct. non Potamogeton RESTIONACEAE Baloskion australe Empodisma minus XANTHORRHOEACEAE Xanthorrhoea glauca