The Educator's View of the Human Being
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Research on Steiner Education An International Peer-Reviewed Journal Vol 5 / Special issue August 2014 ............................................................................................................................................................ The Educator‘s View of the Human Being. Papers for a Congress of Educational Science of the European Network of Academic Steiner Teacher Education, May 2013, Vienna. Edited by Leonhard Weiss & Carlo Willmann ............................................................................................................................................................ Hosted at www.rosejourn.com ISSN 1891-6511 (online) II Disclaimer Publishers Prof. Dr. Marcelo da Veiga, Alfter/Germany Ass. Prof. Dr. Aksel Hugo, Oslo/Norway Prof. Dr. Jost Schieren, Alfter/Germany Advisory Board Dr. Neil Boland, Auckland/New Zealand Dr. Douglas Gerwin, Wilton, NH/USA Dr. Jennifer Gidley, Melbourne/Australia Prof. Dr. Tania Stoltz, Paraná/Brasil Editorial Board (A complete updated list of members can be found on the journal website) Responsible Managing Editor Prof. Dr. Axel Föller-Mancini Alanus University of Arts and Social Sciences Campus II: Villestr. 3 D-53347 Alfter +49 (0) 2222 9321 1541 Email: [email protected] Assistant Editor Aida Montenegro Alfter/Germany Email: [email protected] Layout and Technical Support Cecilia Gavrell Stockholm/Sweden Support Contact: [email protected] Legal Notice: The author(s) of each article appearing in this Journal is/are solely responsible for the content thereof; the publication of an article shall not constitute or be deemed to constitute any representation by the Editors, the Publishers, the Rudolf Steiner University College, Oslo or the Alanus University of Arts and Social Sciences, Alfter that the data presented therein are correct or sufficient to support the conclusions reached or that the study design or methodology is adequate. © RoSE: Research on Steiner Education An International Peer-Reviewed Journal ISSN (online)1891 – 6511 Hosted by the Rudolf Steiner University College, Oslo (Norway) & by the Alanus University of Arts and Social Sciences, Alfter (Germany) RoSE online: www.rosejourn.com www.rosejourn.com RoSE - Research on Steiner Education Vol 5 / Special issue 2014 III Table of Contents / Inhaltsverzeichnis Foreword ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... IV Jochen Krautz: Person oder homo oeconomicus? Zum Menschenbild der Bildungsreformen und ihren Hintergründen ....................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Thomas Fuchs: Lernen in Beziehungen ........................................................................................................................................ 18 Moira von Wright: On the Possibility of Novelty: Subjectivity and Intersubjectivity in Teaching ................ 29 Bernhard Schmalenbach: Nähe und Distanz – Dimensionen pädagogischen Handelns .................................... 37 Leonhard Weiss: Vertrauen. Die philosophische Fundierung eines zentralen Begriffs (waldorf-) pädagogischen Handelns ...................................................................................................................................................................... 57 Peter Lutzker: Attunement and Teaching .................................................................................................................................... 65 Albert Schmelzer: Gute Praxis – problematische Ideologie? Zum Transfer der Anthropologie der Waldorfpädagogik in die Unterrichtspraxis ................................................................................................................................ 73 Carlo Willmann: Religiöse Erziehung an Waldorfschulen im nichtchristlichen Kontext. Zugänge an Schulen in Ägypten und Israel ................................................................................................................................ 80 Michael Zech: Geschichte als Sinnstiftung und das Wirklichkeitsproblem ............................................................... 90 Gunter Keller: Cultural Turn und das Zeitalter der Globalisierung ............................................................................ 100 Karoline Schleder / Tania Stoltz: Art just for artists? Considerations based on R. Steiner ............................... 112 Beatrix Palt: Persönlichkeitsentwicklung, Potentialentfaltung, Verhaltensänderung - Der (fehlende) Einfluss der Persönlichkeitsforschung auf berufsbegleitende Ausbildungskonzepte am Beispiel Projektleitung ................................................................................................................. 121 Harm Paschen: Pädagogische Inklusion: ein dogmatisches Menschenbild? ............................................................ 135 Autorenangaben .................................................................................................................................................................................... 144 www.rosejourn.com RoSE - Research on Steiner Education Vol 5 / Special issue 2014 Vol 5 / Special issue pp. 1V-V August 2014 Research on Steiner Education Hosted at www.rosejourn.com Foreword Leonhard Weiss University of Arts and Social Sciences, Alfter, Germany Zentrum für Kultur und Pädagogik, Vienna, Austria Carlo Willmann University of Arts and Social Sciences, Alfter, Germany Zentrum für Kultur und Pädagogik, Vienna, Austria In the pluralistic and open society of the 21st century, the question of the educator’s understanding of what it means to be human – the conception of mankind which determines his or her pedagogical approach – seems outdated. Don´t definitions of humankind inevitably consist of normative concepts which do not belong in the classroom – and isn´t this conviction a defining characteristic of a liberal education system? Don´t teachers who work out of a particular view of mankind stand in danger of limiting their understanding of the world, or even indoctrinating their students? Despite - or perhaps because of – this indisputable problematic, we are convinced that educational science cannot forgo a critical reflection of the anthropological basis of pedagogical practice, in that educational practice can never be isolated from the conception of humankind held by the person who is teaching. Where the educational approach aims to exclude any underlying premises with regard to its image of the human being, the danger cannot be underestimated that implicit – and thereby often unreflected - rather than explicit convictions will shape educational practice. In the course of the second international Congress of the European Network for Academic Steiner Teacher Education (ENASTE) which took place in Vienna from May 1-3, 2013, educational scientists, teachers, philosophers, theologians, historians, and brain scientists from 28 different countries convened to consider and discuss the relevance and the problematic of anthropological assumptions, convictions, and knowledge within the field of education. Forty researchers from nine countries presented their theses, concepts, and research results. A number of the lectures held in Vienna are published in this issue of RoSE. Jochen Krautz addresses the conception of the human being which underlies current educational reform. He criticizes this understanding of humankind as being increasingly determined by economics. Krautz clearly illustrates how this tendency contradicts a concicely developed concept of education. An essential aspect of a complex understanding of education is the relevance of relationships as a basis for every pedagogical process. The lecture by Thomas Fuchs presents findings from developmental psychology and neurobiology which support the idea that learning can only be effectively realized within relationships. Moira von Wright examines the meaning of intersubjectivity in education, demonstrating that a “sphere of intersubjectivity” is an essential prerequisite to enable novelty to arise in a classroom setting. The pedagogical relevance of relationships is also addressed by Wolfgang Schmalenbach, who also points to the necessity of the contradictory and yet related dimensions of “closeness” and “distance”. “Trust” as a central category of pedagogic relationships is the main theme of Leonhard Weiss´s lecture. Peter Lutzker demonstrates that there are essential differences between pedagogical approaches which consider “seeing” and “conceiving” to be the main means of discovering the world, and those which recognize “hearing”, “attunement”, and “active stillness” as essential forms of encountering the world and other people. www.rosejourn.com RoSE - Research on Steiner Education Vol 5 / Special issue 2014. ISSN 1891-6511 (online). Leonhard Weiss / Carlo Willmann V Albert Schmelzer examines the relevance of Rudolf Steiner´s view of the human being for teaching practice at a Waldorf School. Carlo Willmann addresses possibilities for the realisation of Waldorf pedagogy, based on Steiner´s anthropology, in varying cultural and religious contexts. Teaching at Waldorf schools is also the subject of contributions by Michael Zech, who examines the position of history coursework in Waldorf schools in the context of current discourses regarding history