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Analisis Pendapatan Usahatani Padi Sawah Dengan Pola Tanam Benih Langsung Di Desa Simagaya Kecamatan Balaesang Kabupaten Donggala

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Analisis Pendapatan Usahatani Padi Sawah Dengan Pola Tanam Benih Langsung Di Desa Simagaya Kecamatan Balaesang Kabupaten Donggala e-J. Agrotekbis 6 (1) : 71 - 77, Februari 2018 ISSN : 2338-3011 ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DENGAN POLA TANAM BENIH LANGSUNG DI DESA SIMAGAYA KECAMATAN BALAESANG KABUPATEN DONGGALA The Analysis of Paddy Rice Field Farm Income on Direct Seeds Planting Pattern in Simagaya Village, Balaesang Sub-District, Donggala Regency Maya Pratiwi1), Lien Damayanti2), Dafina Howara2) 1)Students of Study Program, Faculty Of Agriculture Tadulako University, Palu, email : [email protected], 2)Staff of Lecturer of Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture Tadulako University, Palu [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT Simagaya village is one of rice production centers in Balaesang sub-district Donggala regency. Farmer in that village applied the system of direct seeds planting due to the high cost for labor. The determination of research location was purposive sampling because this village is one of rice production center. This research aims to identify the income of rice field farm by applying direct seeds plant method. This research was conducted on April to May 2017. The respondent determined by simple random sampling. The number of respondent was 32 out of 116 farmers. Analysis technique used is income analysis. The result of this research showed that the average production obtained on the land area of 0.72 Ha/PS is 1.235.93 Kg with selling price of Rp. 7000/Kg then the total income is Rp. 8.624.500 while the total cost is Rp. 4.319.037. It provides income of Rp. 4.308.463/0.72 Ha/PS in one planting season. Keywords : Income Analysis, Rice Paddy, Simagaya Village. ABSTRAK Desa Simagaya merupakan salah satu sentra produksi padi sawah di Kecamatan Balaesang Kabupaten Donggala. Petani padi sawah di Desa Simagaya ini melakukan sistem tanam benih langsung karena mahalnya upah tenaga kerja. Lokasi penelitian ditentukan secara sengaja (porposive) dengan pertimbangan bahwa Desa Simagaya merupakan salah satu sentra produksi padi di Kacematan Balaesang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berapa besar pendapatan usahatani padi sawah dengan menggunakan metode tanam benih langsung (Tabela) Waktu pelaksana penelitian dimulai pada bulan April sampai Mei 2017. Penentuan responden dilakukan dengan metode (Simple random sampling), Jumlah responden diambil dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 32 orang, dari jumlah populasi petani sebesar 116 orang petani padi sawah. Analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis pendapatan. Hasil analisis pendapatan usahatani padi sawah dengan metode tanam benih langsung yang diterapkan di Desa Simagaya Kecamatan Balaesang Kabupaten Donggala rata-rata produksi yang dihasilkan pada luas lahan 0,72 Ha/MT sebesar 1.235,93 Kg dengan harga jual Rp.7.000/Kg sehinggah total penerimaan sebesar Rp. 8.627.500 dengan total biaya rata-rata sebesar Rp. 4.319.037 memberikan pendapatan sebesar Rp. 4.308.463/0,72 ha/MT dalam satu kali musim tanam. Kata Kunci : Analisis Pendapatan, Desa Simagaya, Padi Sawah. PENDAHULUAN berada di daerah tropis yang langsung dipengaruhi oleh garis khatulistiwa, yang Pertanian Indonesia adalah pertanian memotong Indonesia hampir menjadi dua. tropika karena sebagian besar daerahnya Indonesia masih merupakan negara yang 71 memegang peranan penting dari keseluruhan pertanian Indonesia dari sederhana menjadi perekonomian nasional. Salah satu komoditas pertanian berbasis agribisnis (Darwanto, 2010). tanaman pangan di Indonesia adalah padi Paparan di atas mengartikan bahwa yang hasil produksinya masih menjadi sektor pertanian perlu diperhatikan, di mana bahan makanan pokok (Soetrisno, 2002). sektor pertanian merupakan subsektor basis Indonesia sebagai negara agraris Sulawesi Tengah (Yantu, 2007). Subsektor memiliki potensi untuk mengembangkan tanaman pangan merupakan subsektor usaha agribisnis di tengah era globalisasi. pendukung utama sektor pertanian setelah Usaha ini diharapkan mampu memberi sektor perkebunan (Yantu dkk, 2008). Padi kontribusi yang lebih besar terhadap sektor sawah merupakan salah satu pendukung pertanian dalam rangka meningkatkan subsektor tanaman pangan. Salah satu perekonomian. Salah satu point dalam upaya yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan menyebutkan kebutuhan untuk merevitalisasi produktivitas padi adalah dengan memperbaiki pertanian sebagai upaya untuk membangun mutu usahatani yaitu cara tanam. Tabel 1. Luas Panen, Produksi dan Produktivitas Tanaman Padi Sawah di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah Tahun 2011-2015. Tahun Luas Panen (Ha) Produksi (Ton) Produktivitas (Ton/Ha) 2011 215.328 1.023.248 4,74 2012 221.909 1.005.886 4,53 2013 217.428 1.011.101 4,65 2014 213.649 1.006.437 4,71 2015 203.428 1.001.606 4,91 Sumber Data : BPS Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah 2016 Tabel 2. Luas Panen, Produksi dan Produktivitas Tanaman Padi Sawah di Sulawesi Tengah Menurut Kabupaten Tahun 2015. Kabupaten Luas Panen (Ha) Produksi (Ton) Produktivitas (Ton/Ha) Banggai Kepulauan 858 3.451 4,02 Banggai 35.484 168.115 4,73 Morowali 8.832 44.170 5,00 Poso 21.853 101.630 4,65 Donggala 20.374 106.089 5,20 Toli-Toli 18.812 83.084 4,41 Buol 3.411 15.515 4,54 Parigi Moutong 52.067 283.503 5,44 Tojo Una-Una 1.501 6.997 4,66 Sigi 30.532 142.044 4,65 Banggai Laut - - - Morowali Utara 9.704 45.068 4,64 Jumlah 203.428 1.000.606 51,94 Rata-rata 16.952 83.383 4.32 Sumber Data : BPS Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah 2016 72 Besarnya Kontribusi sektor pertanian Sulawesi Tengah memiliki daerah-daerah dapat dilihat dari beberapa hal seperti: sentra produksi padi sawah. Sentra produksi Pertama, sektor pertanian merupakan merupakan daerah yang memiliki produktivitas tumpuan hidup sebagian besar penduduk di atas rata-rata, untuk lebih jelas dapat Indonesia, karena hamper 75% dari angkatan terlihat pada Tabel 2. kerja tergantung pada sektor Agribisnis. Tabel 2 memperlihatkan daerah- Kedua, sektor pertanian penghasil bahan daerah penghasil padi sawah di Sulawesi pangan pokok yang merupakan prasyarat Tengah dan Kabupaten Donggala merupakan utama bagi terciptanya ekonomi maupun salah satu sentra produksi padi dari 12 ketahanan Nasional. Ketiga, besarnya nilai kabupaten yang terdapat di Sulawesi investasi disektor pertanian, yang tercermin Tengah. Selain itu, Kabupaten Donggala dari nilai investasi seperti pembangunan memiliki luas panen terbesar kelima di irigasi, percetakan sawah sekitar 3 juta ha, Sulawesi Tengah dengan total produksi kebun karet sekitar 3,5 juta ha, kebun kelapa mencapai 106.089 ton. 3,7 juta ha, dan jutaan hektar lahan lainnya. Berdasarkan rumusan masalah yang Keempat, sektor pertanian masih tetap dikemukakan diatas, adapun tujuan menempati posisi penting sebagai penyumbang dilaksanakan penelitian ini yaitu untuk terhadap pendapatan nasional. Kelima, mengetahui pendapatan usahatani padi sektor pertanian merupakan penyumbang sawah dengan menggunakan metode tanam devisa yang relatife besar dan cukup lentur benih langsung di Desa Simagaya. dalam menghadapi gejolak moneter dan krisis ekonomi (Solahuddin, 2005). METODOLOGI PENELITIAN Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah adalah salah satu daerah penghasil padi di Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Indonesia, di mana komoditi ini mempunyai Simagaya. Penentuan lokasi penelitian peranan penting dalam perekonomian yang dilakukan secara sengaja (porposive) diarahkan untuk peningkatan hasil, mutu dengan pertimbangan bahwa Desa produksi dan peningkatan pendapatan Simagaya merupakan salah satu sentra masyarakat terutama petani. Adapun luas produksi padi di Kecamatan Balaesang. lahan, produksi, dan produktivitas padi Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada April sawah di Sulawesi Tengah terlihat pada sampai Mei 2017. Tabel 1. Penentuan responden dilakukan Tabel 1 menunjukkan bahwa dengan metode (Simple random sampling), perkembangan tanaman padi sawah di denganketentuan semua petani padi sawah Sulawesi Tengah dari tahun ke tahun yang melakukan sistem tanam benih mengalami peningkatan dan penurunan, hal langsung (Tabela) dalam satu populasi ini disebabkan adanya perubahan luas lahan memiliki peluang yang sama untuk menjadi panen tiap tahunnya. Selain perubahan luas responden. Jumlah responden diambil lahan yang menyebabkan produksi padi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 32 orang dari sawah di Sulawesi Tengah mengalami jumlah populasi petani sebesar 116 orang fluktuasi, hal ini juga disebabkan perubahan petani padi sawah. Dengan pertimbangan cuaca dan iklim tidak menentu, ganngguan jumlah tersebut telah mewakili petani yang dan penyakit hama yang menyerang mengusahakan tanaman padi sawah tanaman padi, dan di samping itu adanya di Desa Simagaya, dengan rumus yang faktor yang merupakan salah satu penyebab dikemukakan oleh Ridwan (2005) yaitu: terjadinya kondisi tersebut. 푵 풏 = Padi (Oryza sativa) merupakan jenis 푵 풅ퟐ + ퟏ tanaman pangan yang dihasilkan di Sulawesi Keterangan : Tengah khususnya di Kabupaten Donggala, n = Jumlah Sampel 73 N = Jumlah Populasi Keterangan : 2 = Tingkat Kesalahan (persen 푑 휋 = Pendapatan (Income) kelonggaran ketidaktelitian karena TR = Total Return atau Total Penerimaan (Rp) kesalahan dalam penarikan sampel, TC = Total Cost atau total biaya (Rp) diperkirakan sebesar 15%) Total penerimaan atau Total Mengacu pada rumus tersebut, maka Revenue (TR) diperoleh melalui perkalian jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu: antara harga jual dengan produksi yang ퟏퟏퟔ n = diperoleh, yang dapat di rumuskan sebagai ퟐ ퟏퟏퟔ ퟎ.ퟏퟓ + ퟏ berikut : n = ퟏퟏퟔ ퟏퟏퟔ 퐱 ퟎ.ퟎퟐퟐퟓ+ ퟏ TR = P . Q n = ퟏퟏퟔ ퟑ.ퟔퟏ Keterangan : n = 32 TR = Total Return / Total Penerimaan (Rp) Jadi, jumlah sampel (n) yang P = Price / Harga (Rp/Kg) diambil dari jumlah populasi 116 petani Q = Quantity / Produksi (Kg) yang berusahatani
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