PRES CENTAR VOJSKE JUGOSLAVIJE Tel./faks/ 32-39-553 i 32-43-576

16. jun 1999. godine 74 DNEVNI PREGLED O[TE]EN ILI UNI[TEN VELIKI BROJ SPOMENIKA KULTURE

Ugro`eno je, o{te}eno ili uni{teno oko 160 spomenika kulture fresko `ivopis, sa vi{e od hiqadu pojedina~nih figura i scena, u Srbiji, ~ime je doveden u pitawe opstanak izuzetne kulturne gotovo u celini sa~uvan. ba{tine srpskog i drugih naroda, neodvojivog dela evropske civi- Bombardovawem je ugro`eno deset manastira, me|u kojima i lizacije. Prema podacima Zavoda za za{titu spomenika kulture manastir @i~a (13. vek), kao i celina Starog Rasa, koja se nalazi Srbije, {tetu od NATO-bombi pretrpelo je 25 manastira, 34 crkve, na Listi svetske kulturne ba{tine UNESCO-a, s manastirom tri yamije, jedna sinagoga, 40 objekata gradske arhitekture, 25 Sopo}ani (13. vek). Bombe koje su, najpre, padale na severnu gradskih jezgara, 13 arheolo{kih nalazi{ta i 16 memorijalnih granicu za{ti}ene celine Starog Rasa, da bi potom zavr{avale i u spomenika. neposrednoj blizini crkve Sv. apostola Petra i Pavla kod Novog Direktnim pogocima avijacija NATO razorila je 24 spomenika Pazara i manastira \ur|evi Stupovi (12. vek), ugrozile su struktu- (sre}om ni jedan manastir i arheolo{ki lokalitet), dejstvovawem ru i oslabile stabilnost zidova. u neposrednoj blizini o{te}eno je 78, a zbog detonacija ugro`eno je Petrova crkva jedan je od najstarijih sredwovekovnih sakral- 57 objekata. nih spomenika u Srbiji, koji se kao episkopsko sedi{te pomiwe Nepovratno su uni{tene stare gradske celine \akovice i jo{ u 10. veku, sa o~uvanim `ivopisom iz 9-10, 12. i 13. veka. Pe}i, ku}e Danilovi}a u Lo}anima, crkve u Drsniku, 17 objekata Zna~ajna je za srpsku istoriju kao mesto gde je kr{ten Stefan profane gradske arhitekture (RTS, Avalski toraw, Dom vazduho- Nemawa i odran sabor protiv bogumila. plovstva u Zemunu, zgrada General{taba u Beogradu...). Danono}nim bombardovawem gradova na Kosovu o{te}ena je Me|u 13 o{te}enih manastira i 11 crkava najve}a o{te}ewa je Hadum Xamija u \akovici (16. vek), Bajrakli xamija u Pe}i (15. vek), pretrpela je Gra~anica - spomenik kulture od izuzetnog zna~aja, a ugro`eni su i drugi sakralni i profani objekti islamske civi- star 680 godina, najlep{i spomenik vizantijskog umetni~kog kruga lizacije - Sinan-pa{ina xamija i Hamam u Prizrenu (17. vek), 14. veka, nominovan za listu svetske kulturne ba{tine. Usled Carska xamija u Pri{tini (15. vek)... eksplozija vi{e desetina projektila u neposrednoj blizini tog Od po~etka agresije ne postoje podaci o stawu spomeni~kog bisera svetske umetnosti, koji je 1318. godine dao da se podigne fonda od izuzetnog zna~aja u pojedinim mestima koja su direktno srpski kraq Milutin, o{te}ena je fasada crkve, a raznovrsne bombardovana, a do kojih je nemogu}e sti}i usled prekida komu- pukotine pojavile su se na fresko-`ivopisu, koje su se posle svake nikacija. Tako jo{ nema preciznih podataka o o{te}ewu sredw- detonacije {irile. Delovi fresaka odvojeni su od zida. evekovnih manastira Stara(12.vek) i (14. vek), Vidna su o{te}ewa i na zgradi starog, isto~nog konaka manas- spomeni~kim kompleksima Gorwe Nerodimqe (6-19. vek) i Velika tira Gra~anica, ~ije se freske nalaze u svim svetskim enciklope- Ho~a (14-19. vek)... dijama. Pojedina~ni profani objekti gradske arhitekture, nastajali od Te{ko je o{te}ena i Pe}ka patrijar{ija - vekovno sedi{te po~etka pro{log veka, kao i izrazita ostvarewa me|uratne srpske duhovnosti, spomenik izuzetnog zna~aja iz 13 veka, u ~ijem autorske arhitekture, direktno su bile mete bombardovawa - Prva sklopu se nalaze tri crkve: Sveti apostoli, Sveti Dimitrije, kasarna u Kragujevcu, zgrada stare bolnice u Pan~evu (19. vek), Bogorodica Odigitrija i paraklis Sv. Nikole, kao i monumentalna Banska palata (19. vek) i stara zgrada televizije u Novom Sadu, priprata. desetak javnih zgrada u Ni{u, vi{e od 20 reprezentativnih zgrada Usled siline udara vi{e detonacija na podru~ju Kur{umlije u Beogradu... pojavile su se ve}e pukotine na zidovima manastira Sv. Nikole i Postradali su i spomenici tehni~ke kulture, Taba~ki most kod ostacima crkve Svete Bogorodice, zadu`binama Stefana Nemawe \akovice (18. vek), stari varadinski most u Novom Sadu, ter- iz 12. veka. moelektrana Vrdnik, Fabrika duvana Ni{, javni spomenici na Te{ko je o{te}en krov crkve Sv. arhan|ela Mihaila i Gavrila Gu~evu, Pan~i}ev mauzolej na Kopaoniku, [umarice u Kragujevcu, manastira Vojlovice kod Pan~eva, koji je 1405. godine dao da se spomenik `rtvama racije u Novom Sadu, kao i mnogi muzeji podigne despot Stefan Lazarevi}. Detaqna rekonstrukcija tog (Beograd, , Aleksinac, Ni{, , Pri{tina...). kulturnog spomenika od izuzetnog zna~aja, sa baroknim zvonikom i `ivopisom s kraja 18. veka, zavr{ena je 1991. godine. Otpala je oslikana tavanica severnog vestibila crkve na kojoj su vidqive Manastir Gra~anica naprsline i druga o{te}ewa. Velika o{te}ewa pretrpeo je i manastir Rakovica (16. vek). Registrovani su veliki stati~ki poreme}aji manastirske crkve, na kojoj su vidqive naprsline i druga o{te}ewa. I na presti`nim fru{kogorskim manastirima iz 16. veka - Starom i Novom Hopovu i Vrdniku uo~ena su znatna o{te}ewa na zidovima, krovnim konstrukcijama i fresko-dekoraciji, dok su zidovi manastira [i{atovac rastre{eni, a konak manastira ostao je bez krova. Znatna o{te}ewa imao je i manastir Koviq (17.vek) kod Novog Sada. Potre{eni su zidovi crkve, pojavile su se pukotine na lukovima, a o{te}eni su i plafoni manastirskog konaka. Vi{estruko bombardovawe RTV predajnika na Ov~aru uzrokova- lo je ozbiqna o{te}ewa manastira Sv. Trojice (16. vek) i Sretewe (obnovqen 1818. godine) sa statusom spomenika kulture od velikog zna~aja. Na zidovima crkava tih manastira izbile su pukotine, a znatno su o{te}eni i krovovi wihovih konaka. Na zidovima crkava tih manastira vidqive su pukotine, a znatno su o{te}eni i krovovi tih konaka. Iako se do sada nisu pojavila vidqiva o{te}ewa, detonacije su ugrozile strukturu i oslabile stabilnost zidova manastira De~ani (14. vek), zadu`bine i mauzoleja srpskog kraqa Stefana De~anskog, koji je dovr{io wegov sin, kraq, a kasnije car Du{an. Posebno su ugro`ene skulpture na portalima i prozorima, kao i kamena plastika manastira, koji je 1994. godine predlo`en za UNESCO-vu listu svetske kulturne i prirodne ba{tine, kao najve}i o~uvani izvor podataka o vizantijskoj ikonografiji, ~iji je YUGOSLAV ARMY PRESS CENTER Tel./fax/ 32-39-553 and 32-43-576

June 16th 1999 74 DAILY REVIEW NUMEROUS CULTURAL MONUMENTS DAMAGED OR DESTROYED

Some 160 cultural monuments in have been threatened, dam- (13th century), and the entity of , listed on the aged or destroyed, thus jeopardizing the survival of the outstanding cul- UNESCO World Heritage List and including the Sopocani monastery tural heritage of both Serbian and other peoples in our country - an (13th century). Initially bombs were dropped on the northern zone of the inseparable part of the European civilization. According to data of the protected entity of Stari Ras, but were later landing in the immediate Cultural Monuments Protection Institute of Serbia, NATO bombs have vicinity of the St. Peter and Paul Church near , and the damaged 25 , 34 churches, 3 mosques, 1 synagogue, 40 Djurdjevi Stupovi Monastery (12th century) where the structure and the urban architecture monuments, 25 urban nuclei, 13 archaeological sites stability of the walls have been undermined. and 16 memorial monuments. St. Peters Church is one of the oldest Mediaeval sacral monuments With direct hits from NATO planes demolished 24 monuments (fortu- in Serbia. It is refereed to as episcopal seat in 10th century documents, nately none were monasteries or archaeological sites), whilst near hits and its icons date back to various periods 9-10th and 12-13th century. Its damaged 78 buildings/ monuments and detonations jeopardized 57 historical importance for the Serbs is linked to the christening of Stefan buildings. Nemanja and the church deit against the Bogumils. The old urban core of Djakovica and Pec have been obliterated, just Incessant bombing of towns throughout the Hadum Mosque like as the Danilovica House in Losani, the local church in Drsnik, 17 in Djakovica (16th century), and the Bayrakli Mosque in Pec (15th centu- examples of profane urban architecture (the RTS building, the Mt. ry) have been threatened, as well as numerous other sacral and profane TV tower, The Air Force Cultural Center in Zemun, the General monuments of the Islamic community - the Sinan-Pasha Mosque and the Headquarters Building in ...). Hammam in Prizren (17th century) and the Imperial Mosque in Among the 13 monasteries and 11 churches that have been dam- (15 century)... aged - the greatest damage has been suffered by the Gracanica Since the onset of the aggression no fresh data on the status of the Monastery - an outstanding cultural monument built 680 ago - the most monuments in our country have been available for towns that have been beautiful example of the 14th century Byzantine school, nominee for the raided directly and cut off along with all communications. Hence, no World Cultural Heritage List. Due to the explosions of dozens of bombs dependable data is yet available on damages suffered by the Medieval in the immediate vicinity of this pearl of world architecture - commis- monasteries: Stara Pavlica (12th century) and Nova Pavlica (14th centu- sioned in 1318 by Serbian King Milutin - the church facade has been ry), nor about the monument complexes Gornje Nerodimlje (6-19th cen- damaged, and numerous cracks have appeared on the frescoes, spread- tury) and Velika Hoca (14-19 century)... ing with each new explosion. Parts of have been detached from Individual examples of profane urban architecture, built at the turn of the walls. the century and later representing outstanding examples of author-archi- Quite visible are also the damages on the eastern wing (the ancient tecture, were directly targeted in the bombing - the first garrison in dormitory) of the Gracanica Monastery quoted by nearly all encyclopae- , the old hospital in Pancevo (19th century), the Ban Palace dias. (government building) (19th century) and the old Television Building in The Pec Patriarchy has also been heavily damaged. It was for cen- Novi Sad, more than 20 representative buildings in Belgrade... turies the center of Serbian religious life, an outstanding monument from Technical heritage monuments have also been destroyed, the the 13th century, encompassing three churches: Holy Apostles, St. Tabacki Bridge near Djakovica (18th century), the old Varadin Bridge in Dmitry, Holy Mother of God Odigitria and the St. Nicholas paraklya... Novi Sad, the thermo-electric power plant Vrdnik, the Nis tobacco facto- Due to the violent explosions in the zone of Kursumlija major cracks ry, monuments on Mt. Gucevo, the Pancic Mausoleum on Mt. , have appeared in the walls of the St. Nicholas Monastery and of the Holy the Sumarice Memorial Center in Kragujevac, the Nazi Victims Virgin Church, both endowments commissioned by in Monument in Novi Sad, as well as numerous Museums (Belgrade, Novi 12th century. The roof of the St. Archangels and Church Sad, Aleksinac, Nis, Smederevo, Pristina...) in the Vojlovica Monastery (near Pancevo) has been badly damaged. It was commissioned in 1405. By Despot Stefan Lazarevic. This rare cul- tural monument characterized by its bell-tower and icons depict- ed in 18th century was reconstructed in 1991. The depicted ceiling of the Manastir Rakovica northern vestibule and structural cracks are visible. Major damages have also been suffered by the (16th century). Major static shifts have been observed in the monastery church, along with major cracks and damages. The unique Mt. Fruska Gora monasteries (16th century) have also been damaged: Staro Hopovo, Novo Hopovo and Vrdnik heavy damages have been observed on the walls, the roof structure and frescoes; the Sisatovac Monastery walls have been seriously shaken, and the dormito- ry lost its roof. The Monastery (17th century) near Novi Sad has also been seriously damaged. The walls have been destabilized, the arches show cracks, and the ceiling in the dormitory has been damaged. The repeated bombing of the TV relay tower on Mt. Ovcar caused serious damages to the Holy Trinity Monastery (16th century) and the Sretenje Monastery (reconstructed in 1818) and enjoying the status of a highly important monument. The walls of these monasteries show cracks, and the roofs of the dormitories have also been damaged. Although visible damage has not yet been observed, detonations have jeopardized the foundations, structure and stability of the Decani Monastery (14th century), endowment and mausoleum of the Serbian King Stefan Decanski, completed by his son - first king and later emperor Dusan. The sculptures on the portals and windows have been particular- ly threatened, as well as the stone decorations on the walls of the monastery which was nominated for the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1994 - being the biggest preserved source of Byzantine iconography, whose frescoes with Biblical scenes - with more than a thousand individ- ual figures and scenes - have survived the centuries. The bombing jeopardized ten monasteries, including the Zica