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Suggestions for an Appropriate Use of World Watch List Data (2020) by Christof Sauer1 (With Assistance by Frans Veerman)2

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Suggestions for an Appropriate Use of World Watch List Data (2020) by Christof Sauer1 (With Assistance by Frans Veerman)2 Discussion Texts, no. 1 (3rd edition, 2020) 15 January 2020 Suggestions for an appropriate use of World Watch List data (2020) by Christof Sauer1 (with assistance by Frans Veerman)2 20 Suggestions in brief The World Watch List of Open Doors and nomena, which includes pressure as its underlying statistics are among the well as violence and which reflects the most quoted – and sometimes misquot- everyday experience of the local Chris- ed or misunderstood – instruments for tians. measuring the discrimination or perse- cution of Christians and violations of 4. The reporting period of the WWL religious freedom. The following sug- does not correspond to the calendar gestions and explanations are meant to year. The current WWL 2020 refers to contribute to a better understanding of the time from 1 November 2018 to 31 the World Watch List (WWL) and to help October 2019. to objectify the discussion on the nu- merical assessment of persecution. 5. The number of Christians affected by persecution presented in the WWL 1. It is vital to carefully consider the 2020 (260 million) is a minimum and background and context of the various does not reflect the total figure for the global situation. statistics in order to see clearly what they mean and what they do not mean. 6. The number presented in the WWL of Christians killed in connection with 2. Even though there are many scores their faith in the reporting period equal- and statistics presented in the WWL, the ly does not reflect a total figure for the authors rightly emphasize that it is ulti- global situation but is a minimum num- mately about real human beings and ber for the Top 50 countries on the about their fate, and in this case specifi- World Watch List and further 23 coun- cally about Christians. tries scoring “high levels of persecution”. 3. The WWL uses the expression „per- secution” for a wide range of phe- 1 Dr. Christof Sauer is Professor for Religious Freedom and Research on Persecution of Christians at Giessen School of Theol- ogy (FTH Gießen) in Germany, as well as part time Professor of Religious Studies and Missiology at the Evangelical Theolog- ical Faculty Leuven in Belgium. He is co-founder and co-director of the International Institute for Religious Freedom (Bonn/Guernsey – Brussels – Cape Town – Colombo – Brasilia – Delhi – Tübingen). He spends a part of each year in Cape Town, South Africa and completed a post doc degree (habilitation) on the subject of martyrdom and mission at the Protestant University Wuppertal/Bethel, Germany. Contact: [email protected]; Facebook: Christof.Sauer.12; www.iirf.eu; www.religionsfreiheit.global. 2 Frans Veerman, Managing Director of World Watch Research, the research division of Open Doors International, has critically scrutinized the theses drafted by Christof Sauer and contributed non-public details and factual information. He along with other members of his department also recommended corrections. 7. The significance of the ranking of the design to ensure that the variety of countries on the World Watch List must types of pressure on Christians would not be overestimated. not be overlooked. 8. The score of a country is more mean- 16. The scale for scoring violence and ingful than its ranking. Comparisons casualties is particularly sensitive for should always be based on scores. low numbers of cases. This is due to the fact that scoring of acts of violence 9. If the score of a country has does not happen on a linear scale, but changed, one first has to rule out rea- decreases exponentially and is capped. sons like a corrected assessment or bet- ter accessibility of information before 17. It is nearly impossible for a country one can claim a factual change in the to reach the maximum score of 100 real situation. points. This has to do with the fact that the WWL assesses a variety of different 10. Any attempt at measuring religious persecution phenomena, which do not freedom or persecution can ultimately occur all in one country simultaneously. lead to no more than an approximation Hardly anywhere does full-scale violence to reality. This equally applies to the and maximum pressure in all spheres of methodology of the WWL, however me- life occur simultaneously. ticulously it has been developed. 18. The 50 countries annually listed on 11. For an understanding of the situa- the WWL do not display the overall glob- tion of individual countries and for an al picture but rather illustrate the worst interpretation of their scores it is indis- cases that were identified among the pensable to consult the detailed coun- countries assessed by means of the WWL try dossiers. methodology. 12. The situation in one and the same 19. Because of all the reasons men- country is usually not uniform geograph- tioned above, decisions whether or not ically and in its effect on different to reach out to Christians in certain groups. countries must not be based exclusively upon the rankings or the scores of these 13. The World Watch List has a non- countries on the WWL. Such decisions linear scale. should particularly not be solely based on the inclusion of countries in the top 14. The situation of strongly affected ten or among the top 50 of the WWL. categories of Christians influences the country score disproportionately when 20. The original and most in-depth the different categories of Christians are sources concerning all details of the not affected equally. This is true even if World Watch List are to be found in some of the affected groups only make World Watch Research documentation on up a small or even marginal part of the www.opendoorsanalytical.org. Christian population by absolute num- bers. For comments on religious freedom resources and current events see our website 15. The criterion of violence against www.religionsfreiheit.global Christians contributes only one sixth of or follow us on Facebook: the potential persecution score a coun- * PRFCV (German) try can receive. This capping comes by * christof.sauer.12 (English) 2 Suggestions for an appropriate use of World Watch List data (2020) By Christof Sauer (with assistance by Frans Veerman) Detailed Explanation The World Watch List of Open Doors and its This should be obvious, but when people underlying statistics are among the most quote or criticize the WWL one can repeated- quoted – and sometimes misquoted or misun- ly observe shallow reading, misunderstand- derstood – instruments for measuring the dis- ings and misinterpretations, and an “overbur- crimination or persecution of Christians and dening” of numerical data and comparisons. violations of religious freedom. Appropriate usage or criticism would only quote these figures and comparisons in the From 2011–2013, the author (as an independ- context of their intended meaning and careful- ent expert) assisted World Watch Research, ly discern the referential framework. the research unit of Open Doors International, in the improvement of the data gathering 2. THE STATISTICS POINT TO PEOPLE methodology of the World Watch List. Since 2014, he coordinates the annual audit of the Even though there are many scores and results of the World Watch List by the Inter- statistics presented in the WWL, the au- national Institute for Religious Freedom. thors rightly emphasize that it is ultimately about real human beings and about their Overall, the World Watch List is a useful tool fate, and in this case specifically about for understanding discrimination and persecu- Christians. tion of Christians, on the condition that it is understood correctly and – within its limita- Such a focus on Christians is justifiable, since tions – used appropriately. The following this kind of data-gathering requires a lot of suggestions and explanations are meant to effort and the means and personnel are lim- contribute to a better understanding of the ited. Experience also demonstrates that com- World Watch List (WWL) and to help to ob- prehensive religious freedom reports that cov- jectify the discussion on the numerical as- er multiple or all religions or worldviews can sessment of persecution.3 only give limited attention and space to spe- cific groups. In comparison to most other reg- 1. BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT OF STATISTICS ularly issued country-based religious freedom reports, the WWL achieves the greatest depth It is vital to carefully consider the back- and density of information on Christians, and ground and context of the various statistics this is due specifically to its strict focus. It is in order to see clearly what they mean and therefore not necessary that any given perse- what they do not mean. cution report includes all different worldviews. Reports exclusively or mainly focusing on specific groups also have their significance. 3 This is the third revised edition, completed on 15 January 2020. In the WWL’s accompanying country dossi- 4. THE WWL REPORTING PERIOD 4 ers there is a brief section highlighting, The reporting period of the WWL does not where members of other religions or none correspond to the calendar year. The cur- also suffer from discrimination and persecu- rent WWL 2020 refers to the time from 1 tion. To access more details about other November 2018 to 31 October 2019. groups it is possible to consult additional re- ports such as those of the “Humanists Interna- This is important, as any incidents on or after tional” regarding humanists, atheists, rational- 1 November 2019 will not be part of the ists, secularists, agnostics and free thinkers. WWL 2020 evaluation, although these inci- dents may very likely be in the reader’s mind 3. PERSECUTION INCLUDING BOTH PRESSURE as they may have been mentioned in the latest AND VIOLENCE media reports at the time of publication of the The WWL uses the expression „persecu- WWL.
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