One Year of Democracy in Bhutan
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Geographical and Historical Background of Education in Bhutan
Chapter 2 Geographical and Historical Background of Education in Bhutan Geographical Background There is a great debate regarding from where the name of „Bhutan‟ appears. In old Tibetan chronicles Bhutan was called Mon-Yul (Land of the Mon). Another theory explaining the origin of the name „Bhutan‟ is derived from Sanskrit „Bhotanta‟ where Tibet was referred to as „Bhota‟ and „anta‟ means end i. e. the geographical area at the end of Tibet.1 Another possible explanation again derived from Sanskrit could be Bhu-uttan standing for highland, which of course it is.2 Some scholars think that the name „Bhutan‟ has come from Bhota (Bod) which means Tibet and „tan‟, a corruption of stan as found in Indo-Persian names such as „Hindustan‟, „Baluchistan‟ and „Afganistan‟etc.3 Another explanation is that “It seems quite likely that the name „Bhutan‟ has come from the word „Bhotanam‟(Desah iti Sesah) i.e., the land of the Bhotas much the same way as the name „Iran‟ came from „Aryanam‟(Desah), Rajputana came from „Rajputanam‟, and „Gandoana‟ came from „Gandakanam‟. Thus literally „Bhutan‟ means the land of the „Bhotas‟-people speaking a Tibetan dialect.”4 But according to Bhutanese scholars like Lopen Nado and Lopen Pemala, Bhutan is called Lho Mon or land of the south i.e. south of Tibet.5 However, the Bhutanese themselves prefer to use the term Drukyul- the land of Thunder Dragon, a name originating from the word Druk meaning „thunder dragon‟, which in turn is derived from Drukpa school of Tibetan Buddhism. Bhutan presents a striking example of how the geographical setting of a country influences social, economic and political life of the people. -
Gross National Happiness Commission the Royal Government of Bhutan
STRATEGIC PROGRAMME FOR CLIMATE RESILIENCE (SPCR) UNDER THE PILOT PROGRAMME FOR CLIMATE RESILIENCE (PPCR) Climate-Resilient & Low-Carbon Sustainable Development Toward Maximizing the Royal Government of Bhutan’s Gross National Happiness GROSS NATIONAL HAPPINESS COMMISSION THE ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN FOREWORD The Royal Government of Bhutan (RGoB) recognizes the devastating impact that climate change is having on Bhutan’s economy and our vulnerable communities and biosphere, and we are committed to address these challenges and opportunities through the 12th Five Year Plan (2018-2023). In this context, during the 2009 Conference of the Parties 15 (COP 15) in Copenhagen, RGoB pledged to remain a carbon-neutral country, and has successfully done so. This was reaffirmed at the COP 21 in Paris in 2015. Despite being a negative-emission Least Developed Country (LDC), Bhutan continues to restrain its socioeconomic development to maintain more than 71% of its geographical area under forest cover,1 and currently more than 50% of the total land area is formally under protected areas2, biological corridors and natural reserves. In fact, our constitutional mandate declares that at least 60% of Bhutan’s total land areas shall remain under forest cover at all times. This Strategic Program for Climate Resilience (SPCR) represents a solid framework to build the climate- resilience of vulnerable sectors of the economy and at-risk communities across the country responding to the priorities of NDC. It also offers an integrated story line on Bhutan’s national -
Continuing Customs of Negotiation and Contestation in Bhutan
Continuing Customs of Negotiation and Contestation in Bhutan Adam Pain and Deki Pema∗∗ Introduction A concern for the maintenance of traditional values and customs in the processes of modernisation within Bhutan is evident in much of Bhutan’s official documentation. The fundamental importance given to the maintenance and fostering of Buddhism, its beliefs and associated institutions reflected in Bhutan’s rich culture, is constantly returned to and emphasized in commentary. Thus the establishment of the Special Commission for Cultural Affairs in 1985 “is seen as a reflection of the great importance placed upon the preservation of the country’s unique and distinct religious and cultural traditions and values, expressed in the customs, manners, language, dress, arts and crafts which collectively define Bhutan’s national identity” (Ministry of Planning, 1996, p.193). Equally the publication of a manual on Bhutanese Etiquette (Driglam Namzhag) by the National Library of Bhutan was hopeful that it “would serve as a significant foundation in the process of cultural preservation and cultural synthesis” (Publishers Forward, National Library, 1999). One strand of analysis that could be pursued concerns the very construct of “traditional” and what is constituted as “within” or “without” that tradition. As Hobsbawm (1983) reminds us with respect to the British Monarchy, much of the ceremonial associated with it is of recent origin. Equally national flags, national anthems and even the nation state, are, as Hobsbawm would have it, “ invented traditions” designed largely to “ inculcate certain values and norms of behaviour by repetition, which automatically implies continuity with ∗ Research Fellow, School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia & Planning Officer, Policy & Planning Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Thimphu 219 Continuing Customs of Negotiation and Contestation in Bhutan the past” (op. -
Mixed-Method Research on Bhutanese
GURUNG, ANUJ, Ph. D., August 2019 POLITICAL SCIENCE ANATOMY OF RESETTLEMENT: MIXED-METHOD RESEARCH ON BHUTANESE REFUGEES (410 PP.) Dissertation Advisor: Landon E. Hancock This dissertation is a much-needed study of how resettlement impacts refugees. I found the ‘solution’ of resettlement to be promising for some refugees yet restrictive for others. Based on my analysis, Bhutanese refugees interpret their past and present differently in negotiating their place and identity in resettlement. In Akron, many have found stable jobs, started businesses, and are pursuing higher education aspirations. Opportunities in resettlement and their positive self-perception allows these individuals to expand and ‘own’ their new revised identities (e.g. Bhutanese-Nepali), in contrast to the primary socialized identity preferences (i.e. the Bhutanese label) of refugees who find themselves marginalized and dependent in their new environment. At a broader level, I have found the US resettlement policy to be exclusively invested in economic output of refugees with little regard for their socio-cultural adaptation. Given the diversity of refugee experiences and their reasons behind ‘choosing’ resettlement, resettlement policy merits further critical examination and likely a structural revision. Scholars of refugee and immigrant behavior, as well as interested policy makers will find this work highly pertinent. In this study, I used ethnographic research—interviews and field observations—centered on Bhutanese refugees; I also employed a limited statistical examination of refugee migration patterns in the US. i ANATOMY OF RESETTLEMENT: MIXED-METHOD RESEARCH ON BHUTANESE REFUGEES A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Anuj Gurung August 2019 © Copyright All rights reserved Except for previously published materials ii Dissertation written by Anuj Gurung B.A. -
Population and Migration in Thimphu Thromde
Population and Migration in Thimphu Thromde Sangay Chophel* Abstract As a developing country, Bhutan is on the upward trajectory of urbanization. While it has benefits it also exerts pressures. Within Bhutan, Thimphu thromde has the largest urban population, which exhibit many forms of urbanization. Using the data from 2017 Population and Housing Census of Bhutan, the paper projects the population of Thimphu city till 2027 due to lack of its population projection. The cohort-component method is used for projection. The net-migration from 2005 to 2017 is calculated using residual method. Further, employing probit regression, the determinants of migration to Thimphu thromde is examined. Age, marriage, unemployment, land, household composition, household income and education are significant determinants of migration. Introduction Urbanization in Bhutan has continued apace. The urban population has increased from 30.9% in 2005 to 37.8% in 2017, and largest share of the overall population reside in Thimphu thromde (city) at 15.8%1 where most of the government offices are based. The other three cities are Phuntsholing, Samdrup Jongkhar and Gelephu thromdes. There are relatively smaller urban areas in each of the 20 districts. The annual growth rate of Thimphu thromde (3.72%) has * Senior Research Officer, Centre for Bhutan & GNH Studies. Email: [email protected], [email protected] 1 See the report of the first census conducted in 2005, Population and Housing Census of Bhutan 2005, and the second census conducted in 2017, 2017 Population and Housing Census of Bhutan. 114 Population and Migration in Thimphu Thromde outpaced the national population growth rate (1.3%) as it is evident from the last two censuses. -
The Epidemiology of Foot-And-Mouth Disease in the Kingdom of Bhutan
The Epidemiology of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in the Kingdom of Bhutan By Kinzang Dukpa (B.V.Sc & A.H., M.Sc.) School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences Murdoch University Western Australia This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Murdoch University 2011 Declaration I declare that this thesis is my own account of my research and contains as its main content work which has not previously been submitted for a degree at any tertiary education institution. Kinzang Dukpa ii Abstract Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious viral disease of all cloven-hoofed animals. It can have a significant impact on the livelihood of livestock owners, especially in developing nations such as Bhutan. Prior to the study reported in this thesis, there was limited understanding of the epidemiology of FMD in Bhutan in terms of its spatiotemporal distribution, risk factors, role of animal movement, and disease surveillance. Retrospective and prospective studies were conducted to unravel the epidemiology of FMD in Bhutan in order to support and refine the current control programme. The study demonstrated that FMD is endemic and periodically epidemic in Bhutan with the districts and sub-districts bordering India being at higher risk of disease than the interior districts. The districts and sub-districts bordering India appear to behave like primary endemic areas for the introduction and persistence of FMD virus through frequent unofficial movements of cattle across the porous border. The interior districts and sub- districts appear to behave like secondary endemic areas where virus propagation occurs due to limited vaccination coverage and unrestricted movement of animals. -
Farming and Biodiversity of Pigs in Bhutan
Animal Genetic Resources, 2011, 48, 47–61. © Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2011 doi:10.1017/S2078633610001256 Farming and biodiversity of pigs in Bhutan K. Nidup1,2, D. Tshering3, S. Wangdi4, C. Gyeltshen5, T. Phuntsho5 and C. Moran1 1Centre for Advanced Technologies in Animal Genetics and Reproduction (REPROGEN), Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Australia; 2College of Natural Resources, Royal University of Bhutan, Lobesa, Bhutan; 3Department of Livestock, National Pig Breeding Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Thimphu, Bhutan; 4Department of Livestock, Regional Pig and Poultry Breeding Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Lingmithang, Bhutan; 5Department of Livestock, Regional Pig and Poultry Breeding Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Gelephu, Bhutan Summary Pigs have socio-economic and cultural importance to the livelihood of many Bhutanese rural communities. While there is evidence of increased religious disapproval of pig raising, the consumption of pork, which is mainly met from imports, is increasing every year. Pig development activities are mainly focused on introduction of exotic germplasm. There is an evidence of a slow but steady increase in the population of improved pigs in the country. On the other hand, indigenous pigs still comprise 68 percent of the total pig population but their numbers are rapidly declining. If this trend continues, indigenous pigs will become extinct within the next 10 years. Once lost, this important genetic resource is largely irreplaceable. Therefore, Government of Bhutan must make an effort to protect, promote and utilize indigenous pig resources in a sustainable manner. In addition to the current ex situ conservation programme based on cryopre- servation of semen, which needs strengthening, in situ conservation and a nucleus farm is required to combat the enormous decline of the population of indigenous pigs and to ensure a sustainable source of swine genetic resources in the country. -
A Bhutanese Perspective on First
Assessing the First Decade of the World’s Indigenous People (1995-2004): Volume II - The South Asia Experience Tebtebba Foundation Copyright © TEBTEBBA FOUNDATION, 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher. The views expressed by the writers do not necessarily reflect those of the publisher. Published by Tebtebba Foundation No. 1 Roman Ayson Road 2600 Baguio City Philippines Tel. +63 74 4447703 * Tel/Fax: +63 74 4439459 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.tebtebba.org Writers: Sanjaya Serchan, Om Gurung, Raja Devasish Roy, Sanjeeb Drong, Mangal Kumar Chakma, Françoise Pommaret, Dawa Lhamo, Walter Fernandes, Gita Bharali, Vemedo Kezo, Joseph Marianus Kujur, T. A. John and The Center for Biodiversity and Indigenous Knowledge, Yunnan, China Editor: Arellano Colongon, Jr. Copy Editor: Raymond de Chavez Cover Design, Lay-out and Production: Paul Michael Q. Nera & Raymond de Chavez Assistant: Marly Cariño Printed in the Philippines by Valley Printing Specialist Baguio City, Philippines ISBN: 978-971-0186-06-8 ii Assessing the First Decade of the World’s Indigenous People (1995-2004) The South East Asia Experience Ta b l e o f C o n t e n t s Acronyms ..................................................................... vi Overview ....................................................................... 1 Volume II: South Asia Case Studies .............................. 51 1 Indigenous Peoples in Nepal: An Assessment of the UN International Decade of the World’s Indigenous People (1995-2004) ............................................... 53 2 An Assessment of the United Nations First International Decade of the World’s Indigenous People in Bangladesh ............................................. -
Religion, Refugees, and Diaspora Communities in the United States May 2016 WORLD FAITHS DEVELOPMENT DIALOGUE DEVELOPMENT FAITHS WORLD
Religion, Refugees, and Diaspora Communities in the United States May 2016 WORLD FAITHS DEVELOPMENT DIALOGUE DEVELOPMENT FAITHS WORLD In partnership with the Pluralism Project at Harvard University Acknowledgments everal people from both the World Faiths Development Dialogue (WFDD) and the Pluralism Project at Harvard University contributed to this study at various stages. S Katherine Marshall, executive director of WFDD, and Dr. Diana Eck, director of the Pluralism Project, served as the senior faculty advisors for the study. Crystal Corman, WFDD program manager, coordinated partnership with the Pluralism Project, edited this report, and contributed to project design and direction. WFDD research assistant Sarah Radomsky, a student at Georgetown University, conducted background research, drafting the introduction and literature review of this report. The pilot study field research was overseen by the Pluralism Project at Harvard University and was the result of collaboration between scholars and students from several institutions. In Utica, Dr. S. Brent Plate served as the lead researcher and senior advisor for a research team of three students, one graduate, and two undergraduate: Retika Rajbhandari, Shannon Boley, and Emmett Potts, respectively. Anna Lee White, a recent grad- uate of Mount Holyoke College, conducted the majority of the field research in Manchester and Nashua, New Hampshire. Pluralism Project research associate Mary Kate Long provided additional research assistance, including field research in Massachusetts and initial data analysis. Pluralism Project research associate Margaret Krueger assisted with data compilation on reli- gious centers.1 Pluralism Project research director Elinor Pierce provided research guidelines; Pluralism Project assistant director Whittney Barth facilitated this pilot study and contributed to the writing of this report. -
Phuentsholing Bypass Road Resettlement Plan (As of Board
Resettlement Plan March 2014 BHU: SASEC Road Connectivity Project Phuentsholing Bypass Road 1 Prepared by the Phuentsholing Thromde for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 12 March 2014) Currency unit – Bhutanese Ngultrum Nu 1.00 = $ 0.01637 $1.00 = Nu 61.0800 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank DH – Displaced household DP – Displaced person EA – Executing Agency GRC – Grievance Redressal Committee IA – Implementing Agency ROW – Right-of-way RP – Resettlement plan SPS – Safeguard Policy Statement NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. This resettlement plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. TABLE OF CONTENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ I I. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................. 1 II. SCOPE OF LAND ACQUISITION .................................................................................. 2 III. SOCIOECONOMIC INFORMATION -
IEE: Bhutan: Urban Infrastructure Development Project
Draft Initial Environmental Examination - Updated March 2010 Draft Initial Environmental Examination Updated August 2012 ________________________________________________________________________________________ Bhutan: Urban Infrastructure Development Project Project Number: 38049 Prepared by K.D Chamling, Environment Engineer, Project Management Consultants Department of Urban Development and Engineering Services, Ministry of Works and Human Settlement, Thimphu The initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature Asian Development Bank Table of Contents _ Section Page I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ................................................................................ 1 A. PROJECT TYPE ................................................................................................... 1 Infrastucture .......................................................................................................... 1 B. PROJECT CATEGORY ....................................................................................... 1 C. NEED FOR THE PROJECT .................................................................................. 1 D. PROJECT SCOPE ............................................................................................... 1 E. PROJECT -
Zhemgang Dzongkhag
༼ར꽼ང་ཁག་རྐྱེན་ངན་འ潲ན་སྐྱོང་དང་འབྱུང་፺ས་པ荲་ཐབས་ལམ་འཆར་ག筲།༽ Dzongkhag Disaster Management and Contingency Plan Dzongkhag Administration, Zhemgang ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN 2020 DISASTER MANAGEMENT & CONTINGENCY PLAN OF ZHEMGANG DZONGKHAG [2] Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY _________________________________________________________ Error! Bookmark not defined. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ________________________________________________________________________________ 4 ACRONYMS __________________________________________________________________________________________ 5 SCOPE: ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 6 OBJECTIVES: ________________________________________________________________________________________ 6 CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE DZONGKHAG ___________________________________________________________ 7 BACKGROUND _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 7 SOCIAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROFILE________________________________________________________________________ 8 FIGURE 1 – ORGANOGRAM OF DZONGKHAG ADMINISTRATION __________________________________________________ 12 1.3: WEATHER AND CLIMATE _________________________________________________________________________________ 14 1.4: DEMOGRAPHY ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 14 1.5 ECONOMY _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 14 CHAPTER 2: DZONGKHAG DISASTER MANAGEMENT