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South Africa Survey file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/05%20Post-Transition/T_SAIRR%20Reports%201994-2000/SAIRR%20Survey%201995-96.HTM SOUTH AFRICA SURVEY 1995/96 ELIZABETH SIDIROPOULOS ANTHEA JEFFERY SHAUN MACKAY RORY GALLOCHER HERMA FORGEY CHERYL CHIPPS Research staff South African Institute of Race Relations SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF RACE RELATIONS JOHANNESBURG 1996 Published by the South African Institute of Race Relations Auden House, 68 De Korte Street Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2001 South Africa Copyright South African Institute of Race Relations 1996 ISSN 0258-7246 PD 3/96 ISBN 0-86982-449-X Members of the media are free to reprint or report information, either in whole or in part, contained in file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/05%20Post...0Reports%201994-2000/SAIRR%20Survey%201995-96.HTM (1 of 1167)25/11/2004 15:31:34 PM file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/05%20Post-Transition/T_SAIRR%20Reports%201994-2000/SAIRR%20Survey%201995-96.HTM this publication on the strict understanding that the South African Institute of Race Relations in acknowledged. Otherwise no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronical, mechanical, photocopy, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. INTRODUCTION This Survey brings in some new features. One of the most important is the ’human rights review’ contained in the chapter on Government, the Constitution, and Human Rights. Each of the main rights in the bill of rights is highlighted. We then summarise any recent legislation relevant to that particular right. Next we report any court decisions giving effect to the right in question: for example, the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty. The Constitutional Court thus overturned previous legislation in terms of which a person found in possession of more than 115 grammes of dagga was presumed to be dealing in it unless he could prove his innocence. Also new is our use of charts and graphs to supplement material contained in tables. For example, we have drawn a graph showing changes .in food prices over the past decade. Among the other illustrations we have included is a chart indicating the distances Africans have to travel between phoneless homes and the nearest telephone, and a graph depicting the rise and subsequent fall in the budget deficit as a proportion of GDP. Information about such things as housing, transport, electrification, and water supply has been consolidated into a new Living Conditions chapter. This chapter carries plenty of data on progress made in the implementation of the government’s reconstruction and development programme (RDP). Another important feature of the Survey in this and other chapters is that statistics are broken down wherever possible according to province as well as according to various other factors. Production of the Survey is expensive. It would not be possible without the support of our sponsors, whose names are listed on the inside front cover. We are grateful to all of them. The Donaldson Trust, with which the Institute has a very long association, commemorated its 60th birthday by a donation of R60 000. A major grant from Mr Kenneth S Birch, an honorary life member of the Institute, has made it possible to supply a complimentary copy of the Survey to all 490 senators and members of Parliament, as well as to the nine provincial premiers. This has been done as a service to democracy in the belief that South Africa’s elected political leadership will find it useful to have ready access to the vast range of information in this book. This year’s cover is taken from a watercolour by Mr Birch. Finally, we have changed the name from Race Relations Survey to South Africa Survey. This reflects the fact that the Survey covers a great deal more than racial issues. John Kane-Berman file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/05%20Post...0Reports%201994-2000/SAIRR%20Survey%201995-96.HTM (2 of 1167)25/11/2004 15:31:34 PM file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/05%20Post-Transition/T_SAIRR%20Reports%201994-2000/SAIRR%20Survey%201995-96.HTM Chief Executive South African Institute of Race Relations ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The writers of this Survey wish to thank all those who assisted in producing it. We are indebted to Carole Cooper, John Gaunt and Robin Hamilton for their work in editing some of the chapters. Carmel Musiker has also contributed extensively to this volume, writing two of the chapters and doing style editing. We are also grateful to all those who provided information, including other organisations, trade unions, companies, government officials, officials of political parties, members of Parliament, academics and other researchers. We wish to thank Connie Matthews, Sarah Zwane, Mildred Monyane and Pinky Makhubu for typing parts of the manuscript and for typesetting the Survey. The Institute’s chief librarian, Ellen Potter, and the assistant librarian, Tamara Dimant, assisted by Eunice Halo, Elizabeth Koloko, Bridget Makhalemele, Mildred Monyane, Alfred Nkungu and Prisca Nkungu obtained much of the material and provided the press clipping service essential for the writing of the Survey. We are grateful to Sarah Zwane, Carmel Musiker, Robin Hamilton and Lindsey Morton for their work in style editing and checking the typeset manuscript. Our appreciation also goes to Naomi Musiker for her invaluable index. NOTES 1. The abbreviations MPL and MEC in the Survey refer to members of the provincial legislature and members of the executive council of a province. Although the press sometimes refers to provincial MECs as ministers, the Survey follows the nomenclature of the constitution. 2. Abbreviations used in the charts, graphs and tables refer to the following: EC — Eastern Cape file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/05%20Post...0Reports%201994-2000/SAIRR%20Survey%201995-96.HTM (3 of 1167)25/11/2004 15:31:34 PM file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/05%20Post-Transition/T_SAIRR%20Reports%201994-2000/SAIRR%20Survey%201995-96.HTM FS — Free State Gau — Gauteng KN — KwaZulu-Natal Mpu — Mpumalanga NW — North West NC — Northern Cape WC — file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/05%20Post...0Reports%201994-2000/SAIRR%20Survey%201995-96.HTM (4 of 1167)25/11/2004 15:31:34 PM file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/05%20Post-Transition/T_SAIRR%20Reports%201994-2000/SAIRR%20Survey%201995-96.HTM Western Cape 3. References to Fast Facts and Frontiers of Freedom are respectively to monthly and quarterly publications dealing with current events, published by the In CONTENTS POPULATION POLITICS AND SECURITY EDUCATION BUSINESS HEALTH AND WELFARE EMPLOYMENT AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS LIVING CONDITIONS GOVERNMENT, THE CONSTITUTION AND HUMAN RIGHTS THE ECONOMY DETAILED CONTENTS POPULATION BIRD’S EYE VIEW KEY POINTS POLICY Government Policy Central Government Abortion file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/05%20Post...0Reports%201994-2000/SAIRR%20Survey%201995-96.HTM (5 of 1167)25/11/2004 15:31:34 PM file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/05%20Post-Transition/T_SAIRR%20Reports%201994-2000/SAIRR%20Survey%201995-96.HTM Criticism and alternative proposals Language LEGISLATION Central Government Aliens Control Amendment Act of 1995 South African Citizenship Act of 1995 POPULATION STATISTICS Census Population Size Population Trends Fertility Rate Infant Mortality Life Expectancy Population Growth Population Control Male/female Distribution Religion Marital Status Language Age file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/05%20Post...0Reports%201994-2000/SAIRR%20Survey%201995-96.HTM (6 of 1167)25/11/2004 15:31:34 PM file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/05%20Post-Transition/T_SAIRR%20Reports%201994-2000/SAIRR%20Survey%201995-96.HTM Educational Levels Human Development URBANISATION Policy EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION Policy Emigration The ‘Brain Drain’ Immigration Legal Immigration Citizenship Permanent Residence Illegal Immigration Repatriation and Deportation Refugees and Asylum Seekers KEY POINTS POLITICS AND SECURITY BIRD’S EYE VIEW KEY POINTS POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/05%20Post...0Reports%201994-2000/SAIRR%20Survey%201995-96.HTM (7 of 1167)25/11/2004 15:31:34 PM file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/05%20Post-Transition/T_SAIRR%20Reports%201994-2000/SAIRR%20Survey%201995-96.HTM Foreign Relations Truth and Reconciliation Commission Paramilitary Units Self-Defence Units Self-Protection Units Umkhonto We Sizwe Unofficial Police/army Units The Media Legislation Independent Broadcasting Authority Amendment Act of 1995 Ownership of the Media Independent Broadcasting Authority Broadcasting Licences Political Conflict and Tension Assassinations/murders Assassinations of Members of the South African Police Service Assassinations/murders of Inkatha Freedom Party Officials Conflict Between the African National Congress and the Inkatha Freedom Party Initiatives Against Political Violence Racial Attacks Attacks on Blacks by Whites file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/05%20Post...0Reports%201994-2000/SAIRR%20Survey%201995-96.HTM (8 of 1167)25/11/2004 15:31:34 PM file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/05%20Post-Transition/T_SAIRR%20Reports%201994-2000/SAIRR%20Survey%201995-96.HTM Attacks on Whites by Blacks Intra-African Tensions and Conflict Tensions Among Hostel Residents Burning of Witches People’s Courts Necklacing Violence in the Taxi Industry SECURITY Policy Legislation Criminal Procedure Second Amendment Act State of Emergency Act of 1995 Internal Peace Institutions Act Repeal Act of 1995
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