DOCSLIB.ORG

IRS Seeks to Avoid Exemption Tangles NEW YORK (JTA): the Internal Religious Schools

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
IRS Seeks to Avoid Exemption Tangles NEW YORK (JTA): the Internal Religious Schools ASSOC. R.I. JEWISH HISTORICAL l30 SESSIONS S T. PROVIDENCE, RI 02906 Support Read By Jewish More Thon Agencies 35,000 With Your People Membership THE ONLY ENG LISH JEWI SH WEEKl Y N R I AND SOUTl-1EAST MASS VOLUME LXI, NUMBER 46 THURSDAY, JANUARY 18, 1979 25¢ PER COP'! The Status Of Tax Exemptions IRS Seeks To Avoid Exemption Tangles NEW YORK (JTA): The Internal religious schools. Revenue Service (IRS) indicated at a special The exemption of Jewish and other meeting with representatives of six private religious nonpublic schools was affirmed by school agencies last Thursday that it was a 1975 I RS ruling but concern of Jewish determined to avoid any adverse impact on organizations was aroused by what they Jewish day schools in its revision of considered ambiguities in proposed 1978 regulations to decide which private schools revenue procedures, as such I RS are entitled to tax exempt status, one of the regulations arc called. Jewish representatives at the meeting said. The 1978 proposals, while specifying that The special meeting was called by the the proposed revisions were not to apply to IRS Commissioner, Jerome Kurtz, after the "church-related and church-operated IRS received many complaints, by mail and schools" cited in the 1975 ruling, proposed al three days of recent hearings, on propos- nevertheless that tax exempt private schools ed regulation changes, geared to finding would have to meet "certain affirmative whether a particular nonpublic school was record keeping and publicity requirements guilty of racially discriminatory admission along with other guidelines for determining policies and not entitled to tax exemption. whether schools have racially dis- Rabbi Bernard Goldenberg, chairman of criminatory policies as to students." the executive committee of Torah The revis ions are aimed at private Umcsorah, the National Society for schools in areas in which public schools arc Hebrew Day Schools, and Dennis Rapps, being or have been integrated. Under the executive· director of the National Jewish proposed revisions, such private schools THE FIRST RHOOE ISLAND JEWISH BABY OF 1979: Justin Basker Block, who was barn •to Commission on Law and Public Affairs would be presumed to be discriminatory if Leslie and Robert Block of 39 Sefton Drive, Cranston on Friday, January S at 7:55 a.m. is (COLPA), appeared for Jewish day schools. their minority enrollment was not at least the first Jewish baby of the new year 01 far 01 we can ascertain. Justin ls the Blocks first The other organizations represented at the 20 percent of the local school age minority child and weighed in at seven pounds, six ounces. Maternal grandparents are Mr. and hearing were the Council for American population, if there had been a substantial Mrs. Herbert Fierstone of Botton, Ma1sachuMll1, and Bessie Fierstone of Providence is the Private Education, the National Associa- increase in white student enrollment which great-grandmother. Paternal grandparents are Mr. and Mrs. Roland C. Block of Cranston. lion of Independent Schools, Christian may be related to the integration of the Schools International, and Lutheran and area's public schools. The burden would be Seventh Day Adventist Schools. on the school to satisfy the I RS that it did hearings in December Martin Cowan, ulations results from the day such schools Background Of The baue not discriminate against minorities. COLPA vice-president, and Nathan Z. · are organized, starting usually with a The issue dates back to July 1970 when Jewish Groups Asked to Testify Dershowitz, director of the Commission on kindergarten and first grade and adding the IRS announced guidelines lo deny tax Jewish organizations, concerned that Law, Social Action and Urban Affairs of grades an nually as pupils prepare for exempt status to racially discriminatory Jewish day schools might be inadvertently the American Jewish Congress. promotion to the next grade. private schools, reportedly aimed at involved, asked lo testify at hearings They testified that few Blacks, Orientals Goldenberg said the meeting last Thurs­ academies organized by white parents op- arranged by the IRS for Dec. 4 and extend- or members of other minorities in this day was called to discuss changes the posed to attendance by their children at ed two days in response to mounting country ~re Jewish and therefore very few private school officials considered integrated public schools. The guidelines protests from private school groups. To students at Jewish religious schools arc necessary in the proposed 1978 revisions to excluded private schools in which student clarify the issue and reinforce the tax members of such minorities. They also avoid ensnaring nondiscriminatory private testified that the undeniable consistent admission policies had no relation to racial exemption for Jewish day schools, two (Continued on page 22) considerations, referring specifically to groups of Jewish organizations sent to the growth in Jewish day school student pop- Conservatives To Vote On Ordination Of Women On Jan. 30 in Los Angeles during the an­ Because of the tough job market ahead of large congregation. million members in 823 congregations in nual convention of the Rabbinical them, many male students at the seminary, Orthodox Judaism still adheres to rigid the United States and Canada, have ap­ Assembly, a society of more than 1,100 however, along with the seminary's faculty observance of all tenets of Halakha , but proved women's being counted in the mi­ Conservative rabbis serving more than a members, seem to oppose the ordination. Conservative Judaism has tried to find a nyan and being called to read from the million congregants, Judaism's Conser­ The chancellor of the seminary however, traditional and flexible past. Torah during milled worship. But many vative wing must decide whether ii will per­ Dr. Gerson D. Cohen is mandated to "ad­ · Some rabbis in the Conservative (Continued on page 16) mit women to become rabbis. vocate" the commission's findings to the movement, which counts more than a As such, more than a dozen women rabbis on Jan. 30 in Los Angeles. already are ordained rabbis in the more Many Conservative rabbis and layman liberal Reform and Reconstructionist believe that Jewish law, (Halakha) Rabbis Who Perform wings. Yet, Conservatives, unlike the precludes women from ordillation because Reform sect, find themselves caught it exempts them from studying Torah and between responsiveness and tradition, the from forming a quorum of worship Mixed Marriages Rises two pillars of their movement. (minyon) and because it emphasizes The number of rabbis willing to perform Jewish marriages are with non-Jews, and At the California parley, a special com­ women's family leadership rather than marriages between Jews and non-Jews, the assumption is that the Jewish partner mission, well aware of bitter divisions in the public leadership. But many Conservatives while still a small percentage, has risen often dilutes his or her practice. Conservative ranks, will present its report consider this view necessarily outdated and steadily despite continued opposition by all "If a Jewish person asks me to be present after a two-year study period. discriminatory. rabbinical groups, according to Rabbi at such an important moment in life, I am Pressure to permit the ordination of "We want a decision that nobody feel Irwin H. Fishbein of Westfield, N.J., who not going to say no," said Rabbi Fishbein, women is mounting recently, from younger queasy about," said Rabbi Gordon Tucker, has compiled a list of his colleagues who who conducts a counseling service for men and women in the Conservative wing. assistant to the chancellor of the seminary. will perform mixed marriages. young couples. More than half of the 200 graduate students "If the decision should favor ordination, we Before the Central Conference of While Rabbi Fishbein is a member of the at the Conservatives' Jewish Theological would get the message across that this is American Rabbis, the Reform wing of Reform group, his interest in mixed Seminary in New York City are women, only an option for some congregations. Judaism, confirmed its opposition to mixed marriages has made him unpopular with but 126 rabbinical students are all men. The interest in ordination has grown in marriages in 1973, only 78 rabbis said some of his colleagues, he said. The Reform However, several Conservative women are the last decade, partly because of rising publicly that they had performed such group, while opposing mixed marriages, already performi-ng most rabbinical expectations of women in all fields. Jewish marriages. Now, 157 rabbis have said they has no sanctions against any members who 'duties. Included within this group are women are aware that thousands of clergy have performed mixed marriages, Rabbi perform them. · Lynn Gottlieb, a graduate student in most Protestant denominations. , Fishbein said. Rabbi Fishbein said his figures on the at the seminary, who serves two deaf Until recently Judaism had only one case In addition, more than 300 other rabbis number of rabbis who perform mixed congregations in New York, and Carol of an ordained woman, in Germany in the perform mixed marriages but do not want marriages were gained last year from a Glass, a seminary graduate who is an unor­ 1930s. But in 1972, Sally Priesand was or­ to be identified, he said, but most of them canvass conducted by mail of Reform rab- dained associate at a major temple in ·dained by the Hebrew Union College, the have certain requirements before they will bis. There are 1,268 members of the Central Minneapolis. Yet the study commission is Reform seminary, and a dozen other participate in a ceremony involving a mixed Conference of Rabbis, according to Rabbi fully aware that a vote against ordination of women have followed her, with dozens of marriage. Elliot Stevens, an official of the organiza- women could probably drive thousands of others coming along in Reform and M ixcd marriages are opposed by tion.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • American Jewish Year Book
    AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK A Record of Events iind Trends in American and World Jewish Life 1979 AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE AND JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA The 1979 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK, the seventy-ninth in the series, continues to offer a unique chronicle of developments in areas of concern to Jews throughout the world. The present volume features Professor Charles Liebman s "Leadership and Decision-making in a Jewish Federation." This in- depth study of the New York Fed- eration of Jewish Philanthropies provides important insights into the changing outlook of American Jews, and the impact this is having on Jewish communal priorities. Another feature is Professor Leon Shapiro's "Soviet Jewry Since the Death of Stalin," an authoritative overview of Jewish life in the So- viet Union during the past twenty- five years. Particularly noteworthy is Professor Shapiro's emphasis on religious life and cultural endeavors. The review of developments in the United States includes Milton Ellerin's "Intergroup Relations"; George Gruen's "The United States, Israel and the Middle East"; and Geraldine Rosenfield's "The Jewish Community Responds to (Continued on back flap) $15. American Jewish Year Book American Jewish Year Book 1 VOLUME 79 Prepared by THE AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE Editors MORRIS FINE MILTON HIMMELFARB Associate Editor DAVID SINGER THE AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE NEW YORK THE JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA PHILADELPHIA COPYRIGHT, 1978 BY THE AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE AND THE JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher: except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review to be printed in a magazine or newspaper.
    [Show full text]
  • NEWSLETTER GULF WAR AFFECTS OUR FAMILY for a Brief Time During
    1 THE SER~CHARLAP FAMILY NEWSLETTER Vol.2,No.2 Av 5751, Summer 1991 GULF WAR AFFECTS OUR FAMILY For a brief time during the Gulf War, Israel was the recipient of a great deal of justified praise from the Bush administration. The President and, for a change, the media expressed admiration and appreciation for Prime Minister Shamir's restraint in not retaliating against Saddam Hussein. The West, for a brief pause, seemed to remember what we all know; that Israel is surrounded by implacable enemies who will use any kind of force or subterfuge to undermine the well-being of the Jewish nation. Many American members of our family kept the transoceanic telephone lines busy by calling the mishpocha in Israel. We received much correspondence from those living under the Iraqi threat. These letters provided a profound understanding of the danger faced by our family, by Israel, and the Jewish people. The following was received from Malka Stalkowski(306,Pl.3ba) in early April: Dear Family, ****************************************** Thank you very much for the also heartbroken. He was a wonderful man. newsletters you have been sending us. In [ed:see obituaries] these unsettling times they give us a We are looking forward to the family connection to our large family and make us reunion and hope to meet many new feel part of a greater whole. About two relatives. Our new address is: months ago, on February 7th, Itzhak's (305) 19 Balfour Street father Moshe Stalkowski (280) passed away. Petach Tikvah 49350 Israel It was very sudden and occurred during the Shalom and our best wishes to all, Scud attacks on Israel.
    [Show full text]
  • No Compromise on Reparations1 Knesset Session 77, 6.5.1952
    330 [28] No Compromise on Reparations1 Knesset Session 77, 6.5.1952 Speaker Ze’ev Sheffer: Chairman of the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee has the floor. MK Meir Argov (Chairman of the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee, Mapai): Mr. Speaker, members of the Knesset, On 15.1.52 the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee made the following decision: “Following the government’s statement to the Knesset and the authority vested in the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee by the Knesset, and after the committee heard the preliminary assumptions according to which the government seeks to act, the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee decides to authorize the government to act on the question of reparations from Germany, including the possibility of direct negotiations, in accordance with present needs and circumstances. Once the government has determined its plan of action for the first stage, a report will be submitted to the Committee.” In accordance with that decision, the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee heard two reports on the stages of negotiations on reparations with the Bonn government and was provided with comprehensive information by the government in this regard. In light of those reports, I should note that in these negotiations the Israeli delegation appeared with national dignity and responsibility and conducted itself in accordance with the instructions given to it by the government and within the limits set by the Knesset through the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee. The full collaboration between the Israeli delegation and that of Jewish organizations from around the world should also be noted with great satisfaction.
    [Show full text]
  • A Warm Friend of Israel
    A War m Friend of Isr ael • A Warm Friend of Isr ael HERBERT W. ARMSTRONG The Ambassador Without Portfolio • a Climbing aboard the Gulfstream II aircraft on one of numerous trips in the 1970s to visit world leaders. The ‘Unofficial A m b a ss a d or for World Peace’ e had no political party, no royal office,• no government Hcommission. He possessed no personal fortune, nor was he backed by any state or corporate interest. Yet he met personally with dozens of heads of state: prime minis- ters, presidents, kings, emperors, princes and princesses—as well as legislators, ambassadors, cabinet ministers, first ladies, governors, mayors, generals, chief executives, judges and other leaders of government and industry. Flying across the globe in his plane like a shuttle diplomat, this private citizen met with British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher; King Leopold of Belgium; American First Lady Nancy Reagan; Chinese Premier Deng Xiaoping; Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie; Jordan’s King Hussein; Egyptian presi- dents Anwar Sadat and Hosni Mubarak; and the emperor, crown prince and seven successive prime ministers of Japan. In between, he met the presidents, prime ministers, and/or kings of Spain, the Philippines, India, Indonesia, Thailand, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Lebanon, Bangladesh, South Africa, Kenya and Chile— and ambassadors from dozens more countries. Oftentimes at banquets and meetings between such luminaries and himself, it was the latter who was the keynote speaker or the guest of honor. Most of these leaders knew his work and his message, many 1 a Mr. Armstrong meets with First Lady Nancy Reagan in the White House in 1985.
    [Show full text]
  • National Coalitions in Israel, 1984-1990
    NATIONAL COALITIONS IN ISRAEL, 1984-1990: THE POLITICS OF "NOT LOSING" A Thesis for the degree of Ph.D. Presented to the University of London By Dan Korn London School of Economics May 1992 1 - UMI Number: U549931 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Disscrrlation Publishing UMI U549931 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 o ON CA lA N Abstract For six years since 1984 Israel underwent a unique p o litic al experience: i t was ruled by national coalitions supported by more than 75% of the members of parliament. Larger-than-minimal coalitions have always been problematic for traditional coalition theory. The Israeli case provides therefore an opportunity to examine the various actors' motivations and behaviour, as they reflect on coalition theory at 1arge. The assumption that actors are driven by "win maximization" is central to formal models of coalition theory. This assumption led to predictions of winning coalitions which are minimal in size, membership or ideological scope. Non-minimal coalitions were regarded as suboptimal choices, explainable on an ad hoc basis, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • JANUARY 10, 1980 Arabs Angered by Israeli Utility Move JERUSALEM (JTA) - a N~W Political and Arab Villages
    R.I. JEWIS H HISTORICAL ASS OC 13 0 SESSI ON S ST . PROVIDEN C E , R I 02906 Support Read By Jewish More Thon Agencies 40,000 With Your People Membership_ TH E ONLY ENGLISH JEWISH WEEKLY IN R I ANO SOUTHEAST MASS VOLUME LXIII . NUMBER 11 TH ARY 10. 19 0 25' PER COPY El Al Manager Killed In Istanbul Miriam Researchers A warded Grant TEL AV1V (JTA) - Abraham Elazar, Cardiology at The Miriam, explained that manager of El Al in Istanbul, was shot to "we initially became invol"ed in the study death by unknown assassins who ambushed as one o f 33 collaborating centers his car as he drove home from his office at throughout the countr) . We hope that by the ai rpo rt. foll) describing the abnormalities peculiar T wo terrorist group, have claimed to people "ho get heart attacks we may responsibi lity ror the killing. Is rael, e,entuall) be able to accurately identify Transport Minister Haim Landau cabled his those people in our communit) who arc at Turkish counterpart to make every effort to pJrt,cular rt ~ for the development of heart apprehend the murderers and bring them to attack, but "'ho a re still free o f any tria l. )mptoms. " A p1:Cviously unknown terrorist group in The parent stud). known as the Beta­ Bei rut claimed that its gunmen killed Elazar Blocker Heart Attack Trial ( BHAT). in­ nee.ruse he was a "Zionist agent" and vohes studies of patients between the ages warned that it would continue to act against of 30-69 "ho ha,e sustarned recent heart at­ "agents of Zionism and imperialism" all tacks These studies "ill eventually involve over the worl'!I .
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT Title of Document: HAWKS to DOVES
    ABSTRACT Title of Document: HAWKS TO DOVES: THE ROLE OF PERSONALITY IN FOREIGN POLICY DECISION-MAKING Guy Ziv, Ph. D., 2008 Directed by: Professor Shibley Telhami Anwar Sadat Professor for Peace and Development Department of Government and Politics Why do some hawkish leaders become doves, and what determines whether these leaders’ views affect dramatic change in a state’s foreign policy? Structural and domestic political explanations of foreign policy change tend to overlook the importance of leaders in such change. Political psychologists offer important insight into how and why certain leaders are inclined to revise their beliefs. Two psychological factors in particular hold great promise for explaining leaders’ foreign policy shifts: cognitive openness and cognitive complexity. Cognitively open leaders are receptive to new information and are thus more prone to changing their beliefs than cognitively closed leaders. Similarly, cognitively complex leaders recognize that distinct situations possess multiple dimensions, and so are more likely to engage in adaptive behavior than their cognitively simple counterparts. The primary case explored in this dissertation is that of Shimon Peres, who began his political career as a tough-minded hawk and, in mid-career, transformed into a leading dove. Peres is found to possess particularly high levels of cognitive openness and complexity, thus explaining why his dovish shift was more expansive and occurred sooner than did Yitzhak Rabin’s dovish turn. Begin and Shamir, by contrast, are found to be more cognitively closed and simple than either Peres or Rabin, thus explaining why these hawks remained hawks despite having witnessed the same systemic-structural and domestic political events as Peres and Rabin.
    [Show full text]
  • “South Africa's 800” by Henry Katzew
    SOUTH AFRICA’S 800 The Story of South African Volunteers in Israel’s War of Birth by Henry Katzew Compiled and produced by Maurice and Marcia Ostroff from Henry Katzew’s original manuscript Edited by Joe Woolf Key to the Front Cover Top to bottom: • The famous Haganah immigrant ship S.S Exodus 1947, in which 4500 refugees were forcibly returned to Hamburg in September 1947. (See foreword & Palestine Post article page 23) • Boris Senior in a Spitfire constructed from bits and pieces. • A group of Machalniks, in the Tank Corps. • A column of the 9th Palmach, Commando Battalion. Revised and reprinted November 2003 COPYRIGHT© All rights reserved No part of this document may be reproduced by any means whatsoever, except with the prior express written permission of the South African Zionist Federation. Correspondence should be addressed to: Telfed, 19/1 Schwartz Street, Ra’anana, 43212 Israel Telephone +972 9-7446110 Fax + 972 9-7446112 E-mail: [email protected] About this book “South Africa’s 800” is about Machal, the collective Hebrew acronym for volunteers from abroad and about individual volunteers, colloquially known as Machalniks. The book reveals details never previously documented and provides a valuable new perspective on Israel’s birth and struggle for survival. It includes eye witness reports by active participants in the events. While written mainly through South African eyes, the book also contains gripping anecdotes about volunteers from the USA, Britain and other countries. It throws new light on important events and personalities of the time. In his engaging eloquent style, Henry Katzew takes the reader on a fascinating expedition through recent historical events including: • Adventures of 8 young South Africans in their ill-fated attempt to bypass British restrictions on immigration to Palestine, by travelling overland from Pretoria.
    [Show full text]
  • Zionist Perception of the Arab Palestinians and Its Impact on the Middle East Conflict
    INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. Wliile the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or “ target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “ Missing Page(s)” . I f it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along w ith adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, o r copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image o f the page can be found in the adjacent frame. I f copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method of “sectioning” the material has been followed. It is customary to begin film ing at the upper left hand comer o f a large sheet and to continue from le ft to right in equal sections w ith small overlaps. I f necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete.
    [Show full text]
  • SEPTEMBER 3, 1981 30¢ PER COPY Renewed Interest Develo{J.S State Dept
    - ~---------,------------,,---------~----=-~----- ~. ~ - ~ =-=-:JI R. I. Jewish Historical Association 11 130 Sessions Street Providence, RI 02906 Support Read By Jewish More Than Agencies 40,000 With Your People · Membership THE ONLY ENGLISH-JEWISH WEEKLY IN R. I. AND SOUTHEAST MASS. VOLUME LXVIII, NUMBER 41 THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 3, 1981 30¢ PER COPY Renewed Interest Develo{J.s State Dept. Refutes Claim That Israel Israel's Role In World Arms Market Sold Arms To Iraq TEL AVIV - Renewed interest into Bani-Sadr's assertion, saying only that it as saying that last October Israel sold Iran WASHINGTON (JTA) - The State Israel's role in the world arms market has never discusses its arms sales. $300,000 worth of spare tires for its Department says that it has " no evidence" been spurred by former Iranian leader, Iran, the anti-Zionist, Islamic republican American-built F-4 fighter-bombers. The to support a report that Israel secretly sold Abolhassan Bani-Sadr's statement two regime, would seem to be an unlikely Israelis succumbed, the sources said, to a Iran spare parts and tires for American­ weeks ago that Islamic leaders had decided customer for Israeli arms. However, Bani­ United States request and agreed to halt built F -4 fighter bombers last October to to buy arms from lsi:ael during the Sadr's statement, made in an interview any further sales of military equipment to help Iran in its war against Iraq and at a American hostage crisis. with ACC News, would be conceivable Iran until the hostages were freed . time when American hostages were being Up to last April, Israel was estimated to from Israel's viewpoint, since the former The Soviet Union has claimed - and of­ held by Iran.
    [Show full text]
  • ' יגאל ארנון ושות סדנת – והיסטוריה משפט the Yigal Arnon & Co. Legal
    הפקולטה למשפטים ע" ש בוכמן THE BUCHMANN FACULTY OF LAW המרכז ללימודי משפט מתקדמים THE CENTER FOR ADVANCED LEGAL STUDIES משפט והיסטוריה – סדנת יגאל ארנון ושות' The Yigal Arnon & Co. Legal History Workshop משפט ו היסטוריה – מאמרים בדרך Legal History Working Papers 5/07-08 Wandering Jews in a Jewish Homeland: Israel and the Right to Travel Abroad 1948 – 1961 Orit Rozin, Tel-Aviv University 16.6.08 מנחי הסדנה: :Workshop Coordinators "ד ר דוד שור Dr. David Schorr [email protected] [email protected] "ד ר רועי קרייטנר Dr. Roy Kreitner [email protected] [email protected] טיוטה כל הזכויות שמורות למחברת - נא לא להפיץ Wandering Jews in a Jewish Homeland: Israel and the Right to Travel Abroad 1948 – 1961 ∗∗∗ Orit Rozin Abstract The rise of nation-states during the 19 th and 20 th centuries and the resulting definition of a national identity for a state’s citizens entailed the institutionalization of such identity, based, in part, on the determination and control of a state’s borders – physically, geographically, and particularly in terms of citizenship. During the First World War, the passport came into use as a key method of controlling the movement of populations and restricting freedom of movement. Nowadays, through the use of passports, states exercise almost absolute control over their citizens’ ability to travel internationally. Currently, no one even questions that criminals, minors or those seeking to shirk their civic duties may be restricted or even barred from leaving their respective countries. However, during the 1950s, several democratic countries, including Israel, restricted foreign travel by their citizens even on other grounds.
    [Show full text]
  • A Secure Israel Strengthens Britain's Interests in the Middle East Boris
    Selected articles concerning Israel, published weekly by Suburban Orthodox Toras Chaim’s (Baltimore) Israel Action Committee Edited by Jerry Appelbaum ( [email protected] ) | Founding editor: Sheldon J. Berman Z”L Issue 8 40 Volume 20 , Number 1 9 Parshias Bamidbar | Shabbos Mevarchim | 44th Day Omer M ay 23 , 20 20 A Secure Israel Strengthens Britain’s Interests in the Middle East By Ed Husain thejc.com/Jewish Chronicle May 8, 2020 Boris Johnson has a choice to make. We must not forget that Maimonides wrote in Arabic, Not from the usual suspects of Hamas, or Iran, the learned from Muslim philosophers and was a physician to Muslim Brotherhood, or Jeremy Corbyn but, this time, Saladin. Muslims in France, Turkey, Morocco and the from sections of Britain’s Jewish community who are Balkans protected Jews from the Nazis. missing the bigger picture. Based on that long history of Jews and Muslims living I am not Jewish but a Muslim who wants to see long - together in co - existen ce, the desire now to remove the lasting, real peace between Israel and her Arab allies. That cancer that is the ideology of the Muslim Brotherhood and is not a naïve dream, but a reality being shaped today by the Iranian government, there are new cultural, religious, many Arabs and Muslims across the Middle East economic and political initiatives from new leaders in the Attacking Israel is not only about Hamas lobbing Middle East. rockets, sending terrified families into bunkers. Long - Private polling done by several Ar ab governments lasting damage to Israel is done by the political rhetoric of shows that Muslim youth, 32% of the Arab world, aged the Corbynite left, the Muslim Brotherhood and Iran’s between 15 and 25 - 100 million people today - are not other proxies against Israel’s very legitimacy.
    [Show full text]