Batteries Or Another Energy Storage Device

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Batteries Or Another Energy Storage Device МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Пензенский государственный университет архитектуры и строительства» О.В. Гринцова, В.С. Горбунова АВТОМОБИЛИ И ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИЯ АВТОМОБИЛЬНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА Рекомендовано Редсоветом университета в качестве учебного пособия для студентов, обучающихся по направлениям 190600 «Эксплуатация транспортно-технологических машин и комплексов», 190700 «Технология транспортного производства» Пенза 2013 УДК 811.111:[629.33+625.7/.83] = 111(075.8) ББК 81.2 Англ. – 923:39.3 Г85 Рецензенты: кандидат педагогических наук, доцент, зав. кафедрой иностранных языков Пензенского филиала Академии ма- териально-технического обеспечения И.Л. Сергиевская; кандидат филологических наук, до- цент кафедры иностранных языков Пензенского государственного универ- ситета архитектуры и строительства Т.А. Козина Гринцова О.В Г85 Автомобили и эксплуатация автомобильного транспорта: учеб. пособие / О.В. Гринцова, В.С. Горбунова. – Пенза: ПГУАС, 2013. – 164 с. Содержит учебные материалы по автомобильной тематике. Учебное пособие подготовлено на кафедре иностранных языков и пред- назначено для студентов, обучающихся по направлениям 190600 «Эксплуатация транспортно-технологических машин и комплексов», 190700 «Технология транспортного производства» © Пензенский государственный университет архитектуры и строительства, 2013 © Гринцова О.В., Горбунова В.С., 2013 2 ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ Представлены тексты, содержащие информацию о строительстве дорог и автомобилях, а также различные коммуникативные упражнения, способствующие развитию навыков разговорной речи по предложенной тематике. Пособие состоит из 2-х частей: часть I предназначена для аудиторной работы на занятиях по дисциплине «Иностранный язык в профессио- нальной и научной сферах» (Практикум), которая введена в учебные планы в связи с разработкой программ обучения по госстандартам III поколения; часть II содержит тексты и задания для самостоятельной проработки. 3 ВВЕДЕНИЕ Учебное пособие разработано в соответствии с требованиями подго- товки специалистов, умеющих общаться на английском языке в профес- сиональной и научной сферах. Оно предусматривает обучение согласно требованиям новых программ, составленных в соответствии с госстандар- тами III поколения. Часть I состоит из 4-х разделов, включающих тексты по тематике строительства автомобильных дорог, списки ключевых слов, упражнения лексико-грамматического характера, предусматривающие не только про- верку понимания прочитанного, но и подготавливающие студентов к общению по избранной специальности и профилю вуза в форме диалога и монолога (доклада, сообщения). Часть II содержит тексты для самостоятельной проработки. Они посвя- щены истории создания автомобилей, характеристике автомобилей различ- ных марок и особенностям современных автотранспортных средств. Эти тексты можно предложить как самостоятельные индивидуальные задания с целью получения необходимой информации и дальнейшего представления в виде рефератов, устных и письменных переводов, пересказов на англий- ском и русском языках. Их можно использовать при подготовке к вы- ступлениям на конференциях и при сдаче индивидуальных заданий в виде презентаций. Авторы выражают благодарность рецензентам – кандидату педагоги- ческих наук, доценту, зав. кафедрой иностранных языков Пензенского фи- лиала Академии материально-технического обеспечения Сергиевской И.Л. и кандидату филологических наук, доценту кафедры иностранных языков ПГУАС Козиной Т.А. 4 PART I. ROADS AND THEIR CONSTRUCTION Unit 1. ROADS I. Изучите следующую лексику. 1) motor road – автомобильная дорога 2) road sign – дорожный знак 3) highway – автомагистраль 4) primitive road – неулучшенная грунтовая дорога 5) natural – естественный 6) passable – проходимый 7) carriageway – проезжая часть 8) proper – должный 9) drainage – осушение, водоотвод, дренаж 10) stable – прочный, устойчивый, стабильный 11) surfacing – покрытие 12) traffic – движение 13) speed – скорость 14) improve – улучшать 15) driving – вождение автомобиля 16) affect – воздействовать 17) super-elevation – подъем виража на закруглениях дороги 18) curve – кривая, дуга 19) gradient – уклон 20) width – ширина 21) landscape – пейзаж, ландшафт, местность 22) slow traffic road – дорога для тихоходного транспорта one-way motor road – дорога с движением в одном направлении two-way fast traffic road – дорога, позволяющая двустороннее ско- ростное движение 23) infect to – сочетаться 24) long-sight distance – большое расстояние видимости 25) stopping – стоянка 26) length – длина, отрезок 27) overtaking – обгон 28) fit into – приспосабливаться, вписываться 29) secure – обеспечивать 30) car – автомобиль 31) service – обслуживание repair service – ремонт maintenance service – обслуживание 5 32) reflector indicator – указатель с катафотами 33) guard post – предохранительный столб guard barrier – предохранительный барьер ferro-concrete guard post – железобетонный предохранительный столб 34) inspection pit – смотровой колодец 35) carriageway – проезжая часть II. Подберите определение к английскому термину, пользуясь табл.1 и информацией из текста. Табл.1 1. Primitive roads a) They have a specially constructed stable carriageway with a road surface of an improved type. 2. Seasonal roads b) They are natural roads where no construction work is made. 3. Permanent roads of c) They have a specially constructed carriageway, local transport proper drainage being made. 4. Permanent motor-car d) They have a specially constructed stable carriageway, roads proper drainage and road surfacing traffic all the year round. 5. The slow traffic road e) It requires long-sight distances for safe stopping but no additional lengths for overtaking. 6. One-way motor road f) It affects the width, surface, and super-elevation; the degree of permissible curves and gradients. 7. The two-way fast g) It inflects to the landscape and serves local needs. traffic road 8. Traffic speed h) It requires both long-sight distances and over-taking lengths. TEXT 1 Roads Answer the questions: Part 1 1. For what purpose is major road-building work going on all over Russia at present? 2. What do the highways comply with? 3. What cities do well-appointed highways connect Moscow with? 6 Part 2 1. What represents the important means of transportation in our country? 2. What types can roads be classified into according to their technical characteristics? Part 1 Every year thousands of kilometers of new highways are put into service. At present major road-building work is going on all over Russia, so as to secure all- the-year-round transport links between cities, villages and industrial centers. Car tourists and the need to ensure ready approach to recreation zones are also taken into account. There are more cars on the roads and in a wider variety of models. The repair and maintenance service system operates on the tourist routes, just as it does on all the other motor highways of the country. The highways comply with the modern international specifications. They have reflector indicators and road signs, which can be clearly seen both in the daytime and at night. Ferro-concrete and metal guard posts and barriers, and inspection pits for cars are placed at the roadside at definite intervals. The roads also have overnight shelters for cars and parking zones at regular intervals, so that the drivers and passengers can take a rest there. Well-appointed highways connect Moscow with Saint-Petersburg, the Northern Caucasus, Minsk, Suzdal, Pskov and other ancient Russian cities. From Moscow one can travel over good highways to Novorossiisk, Sochi, the foothills of Mt.Elbrus, and the Mineralniye Vody spa. Modern motorways make it easy for tourists to visit the sightseeing spots of the Northern Caucasus, the Crimea and other places. It is difficult to enumerate all the new roads. New bus terminals are being built on the new highways. At present the cities of the Russian Federation have a lot of bus routes. The bus and taxi fleets were considerably expanded in the last few years. 7 Part 2 Motor Roads or highways represent the important means of transportation in our country. Road design in our country is regulated by State Plans. According to their technical characteristics roads can be classified as follows: Primitive Roads. They are natural roads where no road construction work has been made. Such roads are only passable for a part of the year. Seasonal Roads. They have a specially constructed carriageway, proper drainage being made. Seasonal roads are not passable in certain parts of the year. Permanent Roads of Local Transport. They have specially constructed stable carriageways, proper drainage and road surfacing securing traffic all the year round. Permanent Motor-Car Roads or Motor Highways. They have a specially constructed stable carriage way with a road surface of an improved type. They are constructed for high speed traffic. The roads are constantly being improved so as to meet all the requirements of comfortable driving. Exercises I. Подберите соответствующие ответы к следующим вопросам по прочитанному тексту. 1. What operates on the tourist routes? 2. What is road design in our country regulated by? 3. What are the characteristic features of primitive roads? 4. For what purpose are roads constantly improved? 5. What roads have a specially constructed stable carriageway with a road surface of an improved type? 6. What are the properties of permanent roads of local transport? a) The roads are constantly improved
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