10.1 Han CJK Unified Ideographs
Chapter 10 East Asian Scripts 10 All of the writing systems of East Asia have as their root the ideographic script developed in China in the second millennium . Originally intended to write the various Chinese dia- lects, this script was exported throughout China’s sphere of influence and was used for cen- turies to write even non-Chinese languages such as Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese. Speakers of other languages, such as Yi, created their own ideographs in imitation of Chinese. The Chinese language is largely monosyllabic and noninflecting, and an ideographic writ- ing system suits it well. Ideographs are less well suited for unrelated languages. In Japan, this problem was solved by creating two syllabic scripts, hiragana and katakana. In Korea, an alphabetic system was invented, with letters grouped into ideograph-like syllabic blocks called hangul. Ideographs continued to be the exclusive way of writing Vietnamese until the twentieth century, when they were replaced with an alphabet based on the Latin script. They are still extensively used in Japanese, where they are called kanji, and somewhat more rarely in Korean, where they are called hanja. In mainland China, the government has promoted the use of more modern, simplified forms of the ideographs over the older, more traditional forms used in Taiwan and overseas Chinese communities. Appendix A, Han Unification History, describes how the diverse typographic traditions of mainland China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam have been reconciled to provide a common set of ideographs in the Unicode Standard for all of these languages and regions. The Unicode Standard includes a complete set of Korean hangul syllables, as well as the individual letters (jamos), which can be also be used to write Korean.
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