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A Legal-Scientific Analysis of the Warren Commission's Single Bullet
The Magic Bullet: A Legal-Scientific analysis of the Warren Commission’s Single Bullet Theory Andrew M. Mason1 Since its publication in 1964, the Report of the President’s Commission on the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy 2 has been mired in controversy. In reaching its conclusion that President Kennedy was the victim of a lone assassin, the Warren Commission adopted the “single bullet theory” to explain the sequence of three shots directed at the President’s limousine. Three of the seven Commission members apparently disagreed with the theory on the grounds that the evidence did not support it. The lack of clear evidence for the theory and its inconsistency with key eyewitness testimony has provided fertile ground for conspiracy theorists who allege that the explanation was concocted to support the Commission’s conclusion that all shots were fired from Oswald’s rifle.3 According to the single bullet theory, a one-inch long, copper jacketed, lead core 6.5 millimeter rifle bullet fired from the sixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository passed through President Kennedy’s neck, Governor Connally’s chest and wrist and embedded itself in the Governor’s thigh. In doing so, the bullet traversed 19 layers of clothing, 7 layers of skin, approximately 15 inches of tissue, struck a tie knot, removed 4 inches of rib and shattered a radius bone. Despite leaving several small particles of lead behind in the Governor’s wounds, the missile emerged from its tortuous journey remarkably unscathed. The bullet that is supposed to have done all this damage was found on Governor Connally’s stretcher in the corridor at the Parkland Hospital in Dallas. -
Grand Jury to Get JFK Film Film JFK Get to Jury Grand
Grand Jury to Get JFK Film SHAW RULING FRIDAY Ruth Paine said she is "not terribly keen" about coming Criminal Judge Edward A. Haggerty said today, after The film was sold by Zapruder to Life magazine. Gar- to New Orleans to testify before the grand jury. hearing oral arguments, that he will rule Friday on a bid rison previously asked that it be subpenaed from Time Inc. Mrs. Paine, a friend of Lee Harvey Oswald and his wife, to have the Kennedy assassination conspiracy trial of Clay in New York for viewing by the grand jury. Marina, was subpenaed yesterday to appear before the jury L. Shaw moved at least 100 miles from New Orleans. Alcock said today that he has been notified by Time April 18 and 19 in the assassination probe . The 55-year-old Shaw is charged with conspiracy to that the film will be sent here for delivery to the jury Thursday. murder the late President John F. Kennedy. His lawyers ASKED ABOUT a part of the subpena that alleges she say he cannot get a fair trial here because of the publicity THE ORIGINAL film never was shown to the Warren look Oswald's gun—which the Warren Commission says surrounding the Shaw case and other facets of District At- killed Kennedy—from New Orleans to Dallas, Mrs. Paine torney Jim Garrison's assassination probe. Commission, which used copies in its investigation of the president's death. said: "Sure, I carried all of Oswald's worldly possessions Garrison contends the original film will show that the MEANWHILE, ASSISTANT DA James L. -
The President Has Been Shot Excerpt
m1899_presidenthas_INT_FNL.indd 1 6/7/13 3:21 PM SCHOLASTIC PRESS | NEW YORK m1899_presidenthas_INT_FNL.indd 2 6/7/13 3:21 PM THE ASSASSINATION OF JOHN F. KENNEDY JAMES L. SWANSON m1899_presidenthas_INT_FNL.indd 3 6/7/13 3:21 PM Text copyright © 2013 by James L. Swanson All rights reserved. Published by Scholastic Press, an imprint of Scholastic Inc., Publishers since 1920. SCHOLASTIC, SCHOLASTIC PRESS, and associated logos are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of Scholastic Inc. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission of the publisher. For information regarding permission, write to Scholastic Inc., Attention: Permissions Department, 557 Broadway, New York, NY 10012. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Swanson, James L., 1959– “The president has been shot!” : the assassination of John F. Kennedy/by James L. Swanson. — First edition. pages cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-545-49007-8 (hardcover :alk. paper) 1. Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917–1963 — Assassination — Juvenile literature. I. Title. E842.9.S95 2013 973.922092 — dc23 2012041167 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 13 14 15 16 17 Printed in the U.S.A. 23 First edition, October 2013 The display type was set in Gotham. The text was set in Adobe Garamond. Book design by Phil Falco m1899_presidenthas_INT_FNL.indd 4 6/7/13 3:21 PM FOR ANDREA AND MY FATHER, LENNART m1899_presidenthas_INT_FNL.indd 5 6/7/13 3:21 PM TABLE OF CONTENTS m1899_presidenthas_INT_FNL.indd 6 6/7/13 3:21 PM BEGINNINGS – IX – • PART ONE • INTRODUCTION TO JOHN F. -
Ruth Hyde Paine Papers on Marina Oswald RG5.109 FHL Staff
Ruth Hyde Paine Papers on Marina Oswald RG5.109 FHL staff. Last updated on May 14, 2021. Friends Historical Library of Swarthmore College Ruth Hyde Paine Papers on Marina Oswald Table of Contents Summary Information....................................................................................................................................3 Biography/History..........................................................................................................................................4 Scope and Contents....................................................................................................................................... 5 Arrangement...................................................................................................................................................5 Administrative Information........................................................................................................................... 6 Related Materials........................................................................................................................................... 6 Controlled Access Headings..........................................................................................................................7 Collection Inventory...................................................................................................................................... 8 Ser. 1. Correspondence, 1963-1966....................................................................................................... -
Lee Harvey Oswald, Life-History, and the Truth of Crime
Ghosts of the Disciplinary Machine: Lee Harvey Oswald, Life-History, and the Truth of Crime Jonathan Simon* It seems to me important, very important, to the record that we face the fact that this man was not only human but a rather ordinary one in many respects, and who appeared ordinary. If we think that this was a man such as we might never meet, a great aberration from the normal, someone who would stand out in a crowd as unusual, then we don't know this man, we have no means of recognizing such a person again in advance of a crime such as he committed. The important thing, I feel, and the only protection we have is to realize how human he was though he added to it this sudden and great violence beyond- Ruth Paine' I. INTRODUCTION: EARL WARREN'S HAUNTED HOUSE Thirty-four years ago, the President's Commission on the Assas- sination of President Kennedy, popularly known as the Warren Commission, published its famous report. The Commission's most * Professor of Law, University of Miami; Visiting Professor of Law, Yale Law School. I would like to thank the following for their comments on earlier drafts of this paper Anthony Alfieri, Kristin Bumiller, Marianne Constable, Rosemary J. Coombe, Thomas Dumm, John Hart Ely, Patrick Gudridge, Christine Harrington, Austin Sarat, Adam Simon, and especially Mark Weiner for exceptional editorial assistance. All errors of fact or judgment belong to the author. I would also like to thank the University of Miami School of Law for providing summer research support. -
The Testirnony of Marina Oswald Before the Orleans Parish Grand,Olury
The Testirnony of Marina Oswald Before the Orleans Parish Grand,olury BySteve Jones Over the years Marina Oswald has been an told, After some confusion as to the exact na- would continue to leave in the moming as if enigma to many JFK assassination research- ture ofthis connection,Assistant DA Andrew going to work and wouldn't retum home un- ers. She has been accusedof being a Soviet Sciambraasked, " In other words, you were til dinner time, or sometimesnot until late in agent,a pawn of U.S. intelligence,or simplya left with the distinct impressionthat shewas the evening. Was Oswald simply too embar- confused and fiightened young woman who in some way connected to the CIA?" "Yes," rassed to tell his wife that he had lost his iob was caught up in an overwhelming national Marina answered. and was spending his days looking for anorirer tragedy.Her Statementsregarding the assas- Marina testified that while living in Dallas one? Was he enjoying his newfound freedom sination have contradicted themselves at vari- she had an English tutor by the name of and having fun exploring the sights and ous times ald she has vacillated back and fonh George "Boja," clearly a transcription error for soundsof the Big Easy?If so, how did he sup- as to whether she believes her husband Lee George Bouhe. And to my knowledge, the fol- port his family with no visible source of in- was guilty or innocent of the assassinationof lowing is new information. Garrison tells come? Or was Oswald involved in undisclosed PresidenrKennedy. Her Warren Commission Marina that Bouhe's next door neighbor is intelligence acdvities? Remember that it was testimony has been closely scrutinized by none other than Jack Ruby. -
Amending America Exhibition Resource Guide
Special Exhibit – Amending America: The Bill of Rights Resource Guide Collections Items – Books – Apps – Websites – eBooks – Online Exhibits – Podcasts – YouTube Reading Room Library Catalog Collection Items Discover how events surrounding the assassination of President Kennedy relate to and help illustrate issues raised in the Bill of Rights. The Museum’s curatorial team has connected each amendment to primary source artifacts from the Museum’s collection, with the exception of Amendments 3 and 9. Follow the links to see the object in detail and learn more. First Amendment - Freedom of Religion, Speech, and the Press Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. Anti-Kennedy ad by the American Fact-Finding Committee http://emuseum.jfk.org/view/objects/asitem/items@:27620 This full-page ad titled "Welcome Mr. Kennedy” ran in The Dallas Morning News on the morning of Friday, November 22, 1963. Instead of welcoming the president, however, the ad asks a series of questions illustrating the authors’ disagreement with many of President Kennedy’s words and actions. At the beginning of the ad the authors refer to the first amendment, claiming their right to “address their grievances” and to question, criticize and disagree with their president. The publication of this unwelcoming and accusatory ad in a prominent city newspaper the day the president was to visit Dallas is a clear demonstration of the exercise of freedom of speech. -
JFK Lancer "Dallas in November" 1996 Conference Updated
ASSASSINATION CHRONICLES "Serving the research community, educating a new generation." Vol. 2, Issue 2 SUMMER 1996 Dedicated to the study of President John F. Kennedy JFK Lancer "Dallas In November" 1996 Conference Updated THE CIA & JFK Jim Garrison JAMES FILES' CONFESSION Newly Found Film RELEASED DOCUMENTS New Interview with Gaeton Fonzi by Steve Bochan, with Gordon Winslow IFIC. LANCER PRODUCTIONS & PUBLICATIONS Kennedy Assassination Chronicles JFK - Lancer A message Productions & Publications "Serving the research community - from LANCER educating a new generation." • ASSASSINATION CHRONICLES NEWSMAGAZINE ...bringing you the latest research. JFK LANCER is proud to be a self-supporting company which actively supports the research Pt rBLICATIONIMAFI.INC DATES: community by maintaining a strong presence on Winter:December/January Spring:MarchlApril the Internet, making research materials available Summer:June/July to purchase, publishing research manuscripts, and Fall:September/0 holding informative events. Another ongoing goal SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION: is to work closely with educators around the coun- S $30 Canada $32 International $38/$40* try to develop learning modules and workbooks SingleiBack Issues $8.00 for the classroom. 'shipped via air ASSASSINATION CHRONICLES Is our Note your mailing label for the last newsmagazine devoted to providing information our sukiscri on President John F. Kennedy and related events. It is our hope that interested persons will become activists in the search for truth, join us as new subscribers, and contribute research articles for "NOVEMBER IN DALLAS" future publication. RESEARCH CONFERENCE eld each year on November 22 in Dallas. TX Our Staff Reserve your, place now! THOMAS JONES, Publisher DEBRA CONWAY, Publisher–Art Director GEORGE MICHAEL EVICA, Senior Editor FK LANCER RESOURCE MAIL ORDE Materials on President John F. -
Warren Commission, Volume XVII: Contents
Contents Commission Exhibit No . Page 392 . 1-22 Medical reports from doctors at Parkland Hospital, Dallas, Tex., concerning treatment of President Kennedy at that hospital on November 22, 1963. 35)3 . 23-24 Coat worn by President Kennedy at time of assassination. 394 . 2c5-26 Shirt worn by President Kennedy at time of assassination. 39:~ . 27 Tie worn by President. Kennedy at time of assassination. 396. 28 Frame from the Zapruder film depicting motorcade shortly before first bullet struck President Kennedy. 397 . 29-48 Comdr. James J. Humes' handwritten autopsy report on President Kennedy and certificates regarding disposition of working papers and preliminary drafts of the autopsy report. 398 . ., . 49 Frame from the Zapruder film depicting motorcade immediately after first. bullet struck President Kennedy. 399. 49 Bullet found on stretcher at Parkland Memorial Hospital, Dallas, Tex. 400 . 50 Chart showing conclusions of Lt. Col. Pierre A. Finck on perforat- ing missile «'ound on human skull. 401 . 51-62 Calendar used by Ruth Paine as a diary and to record appointments . 402. 63-79 Address book of Ruth Paine. 403 . 80 Diagram of the ground layout of the premises at 4907 Magazine Street in New Orleans, drawn by Ruth Paine. 404 . 81 Note from Marina Oswald to Ruth Paine. dated 'March 4.1963. 404-A . 81 Envelope in which Commission Exhibit No. 404 was transmitted. 405 . 82-83 Draft of undated note from Ruth Paine to Marina Oswald . 406 84-85 Draft of a letter from Ruth Paine to Marina Oswald, dated March 26, 1963. 407 . 86-87 Undated note from Marina Oswald to Michael and Ruth Paine. -
The Rambler Man
THE RAMBLER MAN One wouldn't consider it much of an obituary. A life reduced to eleven paragraphs in The Dallas Morning News. The commentary is not remarkable for a person of the prominence of ex-deputy sheriff Roger Craig. Not for the employee the Dallas County sheriff's office proclaimed "Man of the Year" in 1960. Roger Craig's popularity grew among Kennedy assassination investigators when he maintained he witnessed an event involving a Nash Rambler station wagon in Dealey Plaza on November 22, 1963. He spoke freely about the incident, disputed details of the assassination with superior officers, lost his job, aided in Jim Garrison's probe of Clay Shaw, became the friend of several researchers' and died by his own hand on May 15, 1975. Sadly, Craig's father discovered the body in a back bedroom of the small house on Luna Road in Dallas, this a few minutes after the old man had returned from mowing his lawn. There was a note. The physical and mental anguish resulting from a car wreck in 1973 and a shotgun wound to the shoulder sustained in 1974 was too much. Roger was sorry for what he had to do but he just "couldn't stand the pain." In the quiet of the Dallas Public Library I reviewed the eighteen year old obituary. I remembered the story of Craig's sighting of the Nash Rambler station wagon in front of the Texas School Book Depository on November 22nd. His account became important when a claim arose that Marina Oswald's friend and confidant, Ruth Paine, owned a similar vehicle. -
I Am Else to Get Your Paper, Es Gary Suggested. I Reed It This Morning While Resting a Bit
7/12/69 Dear Don, [ I am else to get your paper, es Gary suggested. I reed it this morning while resting a bit. t'y now you may be en route to Dallas (Gary has not given me your exact schedule). In that evcrn, you will cet thi.: en peer return. ehile chat have reed is fresh in mind, however, 1 offer these comments you may care to consider end i else oak for 0 copy of the bemerd eprague-ltek letter for the comeletion of my files on teat unpoct. in e Doper fer police science studies your apprescj necessarily is more limited then any literary approach. In thin excellent study, hceever, I fear you have permitted the vertisenship of en adversary in s judicial proceeding to deminste. Whether or net this is the basic aeuse, 1 fear you have a single basic and totally untenable conclusion, that the photographic evidence shows no necessity for a single-bullet theory to peetulete a single essessin. Here you hove fellers in the error tee ;.":, comiesioa, belatedly, felt it dare not risk, the only reason they switched to the :inele-bullot theory. You can mats no =eh forTDsulgtion without doite one or two things. both of which you entirely ignored: a) specify the firing ectnowledged by the eomeisaion to nave taken place; b) nevenes your own beliefs ef the actual firing. I've have ecco ated for nellaer. 1 chellenge you to do either in terms of your paper. Mail you been c prosecution eituese, e ict j preeume io the potentials ore police-science mejor, you'd have been ruined on the stend and any eoepletent, prepaid lawyer would have seriously damaged your reputation. -
Mrs. Tippit Marguerite Oswald Ruth Paine Jack Ruby Dr. Malcolm Perry Dr
Story on assassination anniversary, 1964, by Sid. Moody Abraham Zapruder Marina Oswald Amos Lee Euins Roy Truly A.C. Johnson Warrn Reynolds Mrs. Tippit Marguerite Oswald Ruth Paine Jack Ruby Dr. Malcolm Perry Dr. Charles Carrico Father Oscar Huber Sgt. Patrick Dean . Gov. John B. Connally 15 Nov. 1964 (advance)) 14 Nov. 1964 1105 PES A143 (AC YS AND RADIO OUT ADVANCE FOR Ai S SUNDAY NOV. 15 --NOTE DATE—FROM AP NEWSFEATURES DALLAS pLUS, YlAi-,1 APN PRINT SUBSCR7 7 s WILL BEmAILED ILL L'S EDITGRIS NOT:---THE SHOTS THAT KILLED JOHN FITzGERALD KENNEDY -CHANGED A WORLD FOR MANY_OTHERS, TOO; TWO i:IDOWS, GRIEVE, ANOTHER HAS 17"C.UND A NEW LIFE; A MOTHER RAGES AT FAT:1.A MILER PLAYS DOMINOES /. 0ICES, A SALESEAN LIVES IN 7EAR1 A WOAN ZONDERS...ONE YEAR HAS PASSED, BUT THAT TERRIBLE DAY IS NOT YET OVER. , .,1::C.17ZATU:-..IfS 'WRITER (ADVAN CE) DALLAS, NOV..14 (AP) -THE SORROWFUL YEAR HAS PASSE AND THE- TORCADE. HAS TURNED TI:= =IN:n AND VANISHED; INTO THE SHADES OF HISTORY. 'LIE SHOTS THE HEART. THE YELLOT; LIG= OF THE CLOON SIGN BUILDING ARE WINKING ANOTHER TIME NOW, BUT.FOR SOME THE HOUR IS SIGNALS IS STILL 12:30 NOVEMBER 22, 13.63—THE MOMENT THEIR SEPARATE LIVES COLLIDED AT THAT FATED CROSSROADS. THEIR. LIVES HAVE GONE.ON, :UT THEY THE SA::E. LEE HARVEY OSWALD SAM TO THAT. NOT THE FOR THE CA ERA HOEBYIST-WHO MUST STEEL HIMSELF TO LOO'S THROUGH THE EYE OF A ZOOM LENS WHERE ONCE HE SAW SUDDEN BLOOD, NOT FOR THE WIDOW MISTY WITHGRIEF AT THE SIGHT OF THE FAMILY STATION WAGON IN THE DRIVEWAY--EMPTY.