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Journal of Captain William Trent from Logstown to Pickawillany, AD 1752

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Journal of Captain William Trent from Logstown to Pickawillany, AD 1752 ii, Vs. /^^5 y^oi^^ iv A«^. V'^^l''^^' , JOURNAL Captain William Trent Logstown to Pickawillany A. D. 1752. NOW PUBLISHED FOR THE FIRST TIME FROM A COPT IN THE ARCHIVES OF THE WESTERN RESERVE HISTORICAL SOCIETY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, TOGETHER WITH LETTERS OF Governor Robert Dinwiddte HISTORICAL NOTICE OF THE MIAMI CONFEDERACY OF INDIANS; A SKETCH OF THE ENGLISH POST AT PICKAWILLANY §hprt §iagra^h^ of ^a^tHin ^rent AND OTHER PAPERS NEVER BEFORE PRINTED EDITED BY ALFRED T. GOODMAN Secretary W. R. Historical Society CINCINNATI PRINTED BY ROBERT CLARKE & CO., FOR WILLIAM DODGE 1871. ^/6<e Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1871, by WILLIAM DODGE, In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. INTRODUCTION. Prior to the year 1660, the British colonies in America were under the management of the Lords of the King's Privy Council. On the fourth of July, the year aforesaid, Charles the Second appointed ten gentlemen from the nobility and aristocracy of his household a "Board of Trade and Plantations," and empowered any three or more of them to act as a committee in all matters pertaining to his colonies in America. The official correspondence was conducted by them, and they received and reported upon memorials, petitions, and other papers affecting the provinces. In time this board became one ofgreat power and usefulness. It controlled the trade and commerce of the English nation, and exerted an influence in all parts of the globe, until, by royal orders, it ceased to exist in 1782. Sixty years afterward, the large mass of manuscripts which had been accumulated by the board were deposited in the British State Paper Office at London. These valuable documents, extending over a period of more than a century, have been neatly arranged according to date, and bound in volumes, each provided with a full printed index. While investigating the early occupation of the Ohio country by the French and English, our attention was particularly directed to the many conflicting statements regarding the English post, generally known as Pickawillany. The more we examined into its history the greater our confusion; historians disagreed as to dates, and some even expressed doubts whether such a place ever existed, although Evans and Otten had distinctly located it on their maps, published in 1755- The information in Howe's "Historical Collections of Ohio," Taylor's "History of Ohio," and Atwater's "History of Ohio," regarding Pickawillany, is quite meagre; altogether, what is published in those works would make less than a page like this. : Introduction. Regarding the establishment of Pickawillany and its subsequent cap- ture by the French as events of peculiar interest to every student of Ohio history, and believing that papers existed among the English Archives which would throw light upon the same, we applied to the American minister at London to extend his good offices in procuring copies of all such papers. How cheerfully the request was complied with is shown by the following letter from Mr. Motley. LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES. London, 5/i December, 1870. Dear Sir : — With respect to your letter to me of the i4tb of October last, 1 have now the pleasure to transmit herewith copies of certain papers relating to the trading post called " Pickawillany," which was attacked and destroyed by the French in the year 1752. These documents have been kindly furnished to me by Earl Granville, Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and are described, respect- ively, as follows "Board of Trade, Virginia, No. 20, w. 89. " " No. 20, w. 92. " " No. 20, w. 95. " No. 39, h. 5-7. " " No. 39, pp. 20-22. Earl Granville informs me that these are all the dispatches which appear to have passed between the Governor of Virginia and the Home Government of the day rela- tive to the capture in question. Trusting that these papers will prove acceptable to your society, and assuring you that I have had much pleasure in procuring them at your request, I am, dear sir, Your very obedient servant, JOHN LOTHROP MOTLEY. A. T. GOODMAN, Esc^, Secretary fVestern Reser-ve Historical Society, C/evelaniJ, Ohio. The Value of the papers referred to will be manifest when it is stated that they have never appeared in print. As a contribution to our early history they become interesting and important. In furnishing MS. for the printer, the originals have been followed verbatim ct literatim. The notes are submitted without remark. A short notice of Captain Trent is given, as also a brief sketch of the history of Pickawillany, and a somewhat extended notice of the Miami Confederacy. a, t. g. The Miami Confederacy. TT /"HEN the French Jesuits* first traversed the V V Great West, they described in their Relations the numerous nations and tribes of Indians through whose country they passed. The principal among these was said to be the Miamis, whose various bands occupied that part of Ohio west of the Scioto, nearly all of In- diana, and a large portion of Illinois. About the mid- dle of the seventeenth century, the Miami Confederacy was in the zenith of its power. It was composed of many tribes under the same form of government, each tribe with a particular chief or king, one of which was chosen indifferently from either tribe, to rule the whole nation, and was vested with greater authority than any of the others. The dominions of these kings is thus described by the celebrated chief. Little Turtle: " My forefather kindled the first fire at Detroit; from ^ A religious order, attached to the Roman Catholic Church, estab- lished at Rome soon after the Reformation, by Ignatius Loyola. — Journal of Captain Trent. thence he extended his lines to the head waters of the Scioto; from thence to its mouth; from thence down the Ohio to the mouth of the Wabash ; and from thence to Chicago over Lake Michigan. These are the boun- daries within which the prints of my ancestors' houses are everywhere to be seen." In 1670, the principal towns of the Miamis were on the Great and Little Miami in Ohio, on the Miami of the lakes and its tributaries, and on the Wabash. They then numbered over two thousand families, with a large array of fighting men. It was about that time that the Jesuit priests first appeared among them. The Iroquois or Five Nations had early become attached to the Eng- lish. The Miami Confederacy soon became allied to French interests. We find traders among them as far back as 1680. During that year and the following one, La Salle and Hennepin''' were with them, and bartered for fur skins. La Salle invited the nation to send repre- sentatives to Montreal to see the governor of Canada, assuring them of a cordial welcome by the French. In * Louis Hennepin, a French Missionary, was born in 1640; embarked for Quebec in 1675, ^^^ during six or seven years explored Canada and Louisiana. In 1680 he was taken prisoner one hundred and fifty leagues from the mouth of the Illinois, and carried into the country of the Naudowessies and Issati. He gave the name of the falls of St. Anthony, and the river St. Francis. He published Description de la Louisiane, l2mo., 1683; the same in Dutch, 1688; New Discovery of a Vast Country in America, with a continuation, 1698. Nouveau Voyage dans I'Amerique, Sept., izmo., 171 i et 1720. Schoolcraft. The Miami Confederacy 7 1 68 1, the Iroquois were at war with the Illinois, a nation near the Mississippi, whom they subjugated in their own country. Upon returning the Iroquois were in- clined to attack the Miamis, but from some cause de- sisted, and proceeded eastward to their hunting grounds. Acting upon the invitation of M. de La Salle, who had bestowed many presents among the nation, during the summer of 1682, the Miamis sent deputies to Montreal to meet Count de Frontenac,""" the governor of Canada. The meeting took place on the nth of August, 1682, the Indians being received with much ceremony. A treaty of amity and good will was agreed upon. The French promised assistance to the western tribes against the depredations of the Iroquois. The deputies of the Miamis had hardly returned to their territory before war with the Iroquois commenced. The latter tribes were very much incensed at the friendship displayed by the Miamis for the French, and determined upon their subjugation. They sent a large force into the Ohio country, where the two nations met in conflict near the * de Count Frontenac, governor-general of Canada, born 1 721, suc- ceeded Courcelles in 1678, and in the spring of the following year built upon Lake Ontario the fort which bore his name, and which afterward was known as "La Salle's Fort." He was removed in 1682, but reinstated in 1689. Died, November 28, 1698. He was the ablest of the early French governors, and contributed largely by his energy to the advancement of Canada and its people. In 1679, ^^ urged upon the king of France the settlement of the country northwest of the Ohio, but his recommendation was not approved of. — s Journal of Captain Trent. western end of Lake Erie. The Miamis were defeated, but the Iroquois lost so many men that they were una- ble to follow up their triumph. A temporary peace followed, but deadly enmity existed between the antag- onists. Hostilities reopened in 1687, and continued for six years with varying fortune, but we presume as the Miamis still held their territory, they achieved a virtual triumph.
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