Black Mountain

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Black Mountain Black Mountain A NATURAL HISTORY OF A CANBERRA ICON 2 Vegetation Black Mountain A NATURAL HISTORY OF A CANBERRA ICON 3 3 Vegetation Context Canberra – and thus Black Mountain – lies within the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, which in general means cold winters, hot summers and moderate rainfall occurring all year round. More specifically, the adjacent weather station at the Australian National Botanic Gardens, which has operated since 1968, gives an average annual rainfall over that time of 688 mm, with extremes of 328 mm in 1982 and 1033 mm in 1974. There is no real wet or dry season; the driest month is June (47.8 mm mean) and the wettest is November (77.9 mm mean). The nearest long-term temperature records are from the Canberra Airport, 8.5 kilometres to the east; here the mean annual maxima and minima are 19.70C and 6.50C. The coldest average nights are in July (mean minimum -0.10C) and the hottest average days are in January (mean maximum 280C). Over the recording period (1939 to 2010) the temperature ranged over an impressive 520C (from 420C to -100C), but in most years the range has historically been about 400C. Table 3.1 Black Mountain’s Climate Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean rainfall (mm) at the Australian National Botanic Gardens (1968–2018) 64.0 63.6 55.6 49.9 45.4 47.8 50.8 54.5 61.8 63.8 77.9 59.7 688 Mean maximum temperate (0C) at Canberra Airport (1939–2018) 28.2 27.2 24.6 20.1 15.6 12.4 11.5 13.2 16.4 19.7 23.1 26.3 19.9 Mean minimum temperate (0C) at Canberra Airport (1939–2018) 13.2 13.1 10.7 6.6 3 1 -0.1 0.9 3.2 6.1 8.9 11.5 6.5 4 Vegetation At a regional level these are the factors Plant Patterns of which determine the maximum biomass of vegetation which is possible, likely plant Black Mountain growth forms and plant species richness. There have been various attempts to At finer scales – say on Black Mountain define Australian vegetation types and itself – the geology, slope and aspect (the structures. One highly respected one direction of the slope) determine local is that of Professor Raymond Specht in microclimates and soil conditions, and it 1981; by that definition Black Mountain is is these which ultimately determine the dominated by Open Forest. This is a pretty actual plant species composition. Onto this broad definition, as we might expect from must be added the locally unique further a continent-wide system. More recently, complicating factors of disturbances David Keith of the NSW National Parks which may arise from fire, drought, storms, and Wildlife Service, now the Department human clearing, weeds, feral animals of Environment and Conservation, or diseases. produced a more finely-tuned model for NSW and the ACT. By his model Black All these disturbance factors have had Mountain represents Southern Tablelands an impact on Black Mountain in the last Dry Sclerophyll Forests, characterised century or so, and include the impacts by Eucalyptus trees less than 20 metres of severe drought (1965), storm (2007), high, including species of scribbly gums, Phytophthora dieback (after a wet summer peppermints and stringybarks. in 1969-70), thinning and firewood The shrubby understoreys have relatively collection (into the 1960s and over much of few species, which are dominated by the mountain except for the steepest and scattered wattles, peas and heaths highest slopes) and clearing (small areas interspersed with open spaces supporting on the lower eastern and southern slopes tussock grasses. This is a pretty fair in the late 19th century). In each case the description of the Black Mountain forests. affected areas recovered in time, or are However it’s important to note that the still doing so. The impacts of weeds are Southern Tablelands Dry Sclerophyll discussed later in this chapter, and of feral Forests are found in a broad swathe on the animals and fire in chapters four and six. drier western slopes of the Great Dividing Veg. type 1: Red Stringybark – Scribbly Gum open Veg. type 2a: Scribbly Gum – Red Stringybark forest with a Red-anthered Wallaby Grass ground (large stem sizes) open forest with a Red-anthered layer. Wallaby Grass ground layer. Black Mountain A NATURAL HISTORY OF A CANBERRA ICON 5 Table 3.2 Vegetation Types of Black Mountain (adapted from Peter Coyne) Type Structure Dominant species Main occurrence and notes 1 Open Forest Red Stringybark (Eucalyptus Grows on cooler, moister macrorhyncha) and Scribbly south-facing slopes of Gum (E. rossii), with some Brittle 150–300. Gum (E. mannifera), Broad-leaved Peppermint (E. dives) and Apple Box (E. bridgesiana). 2a Open Forest Scribbly Gum and Red Stringybark Northerly slopes. (large stem sizes), with some Red Box (E. polyanthemos). 2b Open Forest Scribbly Gum and Red Stringybark Gentle northern slope (small stem sizes), with some Brittle areas and also on steep Gum, Broad-leaved Peppermint slopes west of the summit. and Yellow Box (E. melliodora) 3 Open Forest Red Box, with some Red Found on dry exposed Stringybark, Scribbly Gum, Brittle north-west to west-facing Gum and Blakely’s Red Gum slopes. (E. blakelyi). 4 Open Forest Broad-leaved Peppermint. South-facing slopes. 5 Woodland Blakely’s Red Gum and Yellow Box. Broad depressions marking drainage lines at altitudes below 640 metres. 6 Grassland Introduced grasses and herbs. South-eastern slopes (new) below ANBG viewing platform. Veg. type 2b: Scribbly Gum – Red Stringybark (small Veg. type 3: Red Box open forest with a low shrub stem sizes) and a sparse low shrub layer. layer of Silver Teatree. 6 Vegetation Veg. type 4: Broad-leaved Peppermint open forest Veg. type 5: Woodland with a large old-growth with scattered Burgan shrubs. Apple Box tree and a Burgan shrub layer. Range south from Mudgee to the Murray which circumnavigates the mountain a (and into Victoria); Black Mountain is little below the summit, is an excellent a good—and accessible—example of introduction to them and illustrates nicely the vegetation type, but is certainly not the changes with aspect. In summary, the unique. most abundant trees on the mountain are Red Stringybark and Scribbly Gum but In 1969 Peter Coyne, then an Honours while both species can be found on both Student at the Australian National sheltered southern and exposed northern University, used aerial photography and slopes, the stringybark strongly prefers the ground transects to describe and map sheltered situations and the gum the drier vegetation types on Black Mountain based sides. This corresponds to their respective on the number and diameter of tree stems tolerances to higher temperatures and 1.2 metres above ground level. In this way water stress as revealed in laboratory he described four Open Forest structures experiments. Of the four other main (subdividing one of them) plus one eucalypt species in the forest, only Red Box Woodland structure as shown in Table 3.2. prefers the northern slopes, while Brittle He went on to propose a management plan Gum, Broad-leaved Peppermint and Apple for the mountain—pioneering stuff in Box favour the more sheltered aspects and/ those days. While the thesis has never been or gentler slopes. published, it remains the best description of the area’s vegetation types. Vegetation Type 4, dominated by Broad-leaved Peppermint, occurs as a pure Vegetation types 1 and 2 have the same stand on a very steep shady south-facing two dominant species but the reversed slope above Lake Burley Griffin. Elsewhere order indicates a reversal in their relative on the mountain this species occurs as dominance. Type 2 has two subtypes that scattered trees along some creek lines on are essentially restricted to northerly slopes, the lower slopes. but extend over the crests of east-west spurs onto the upper southerly slopes. Vegetation Type 5, dominated by Blakely’s Red Gum and Yellow Box, is the only Types 1-3 dominate the Black Mountain woodland type on Black Mountain. On forests; a walk around the Forest Loop, the lower south west side of the reserve Black Mountain A NATURAL HISTORY OF A CANBERRA ICON 7 Veg. type 5: Grassland of native herbs formed Veg. type 6: Grassland of introduced herbs formed where the Eucalyptus trees have been cleared where Red Stringybark, Scribbly Gum open forest from grassy woodland. has been cleared. (which Coyne excluded from his study) Spurge (Phyllanthus hirtellus), Small-leaved it grades into grassland which was formed Parrot-Pea (Dillwynia phylicoides), Bushy when the original grassy woodland Needlewood (Hakea decurrens), and vegetation in an area known as Smith’s Ivy Goodenia (Goodenia hederacea) are Paddock was cleared for grazing. Almost more likely to be found on the hotter none of this grassy woodland is left intact north-facing slopes. On sheltered southern within Black Mountain Nature Reserve. aspects the Red-anther Wallaby Grass An area on the south-east side of the is joined by the smaller tussocks of mountain, also excluded by Coyne and Common Snow Grass (Poa sieberiana) and now located in the ANBG’s southern on some of the most exposed northern annex and called the Bushland Precinct, aspects in the north-west corner of is grassland (Veg. type 6) resulting from the mountain, it is replaced by Narrow Red Stringybark, Scribbly Gum open forest Swordsedge (Lepidosperma gunnii). There being clearing for grazing. is more on the component species of the Black Mountain forests in chapter 4. At first glance, other than the Type 5 woodland, the tree-defined vegetation types seem not to be strongly reflected in the understorey.
Recommended publications
  • Native Orchid Society of South Australia
    NATIVE ORCHID SOCIETY of SOUTH AUSTRALIA NATIVE ORCHID SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA JOURNAL Volume 6, No. 10, November, 1982 Registered by Australia Post Publication No. SBH 1344. Price 40c PATRON: Mr T.R.N. Lothian PRESIDENT: Mr J.T. Simmons SECRETARY: Mr E.R. Hargreaves 4 Gothic Avenue 1 Halmon Avenue STONYFELL S.A. 5066 EVERARD PARK SA 5035 Telephone 32 5070 Telephone 293 2471 297 3724 VICE-PRESIDENT: Mr G.J. Nieuwenhoven COMMITTFE: Mr R. Shooter Mr P. Barnes TREASURER: Mr R.T. Robjohns Mrs A. Howe Mr R. Markwick EDITOR: Mr G.J. Nieuwenhoven NEXT MEETING WHEN: Tuesday, 23rd November, 1982 at 8.00 p.m. WHERE St. Matthews Hail, Bridge Street, Kensington. SUBJECT: This is our final meeting for 1982 and will take the form of a Social Evening. We will be showing a few slides to start the evening. Each member is requested to bring a plate. Tea, coffee, etc. will be provided. Plant Display and Commentary as usual, and Christmas raffle. NEW MEMBERS Mr. L. Field Mr. R.N. Pederson Mr. D. Unsworth Mrs. P.A. Biddiss Would all members please return any outstanding library books at the next meeting. FIELD TRIP -- CHANGE OF DATE AND VENUE The Field Trip to Peters Creek scheduled for 27th November, 1982, and announced in the last Journal has been cancelled. The extended dry season has not been conducive to flowering of the rarer moisture- loving Microtis spp., which were to be the objective of the trip. 92 FIELD TRIP - CHANGE OF DATE AND VENUE (Continued) Instead, an alternative trip has been arranged for Saturday afternoon, 4th December, 1982, meeting in Mount Compass at 2.00 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Majura Ainslie Plant List.Xlsx
    Plant Species List for Mount Majura and Mount Ainslie, Canberra Base data from Ingwerson, F; O. Evans & B. Griffiths. (1974). Vegetation of the Ainslie-Majura Reserve . Conservation Series No. 2. AGPS Canberra. Re-organised, revised and updated by Michael Doherty, CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences and Waltraud Pix, Friends of Mt. Majura With advice from Isobel Crawford, Australian Botanical Surveys Current version of 01.10.2020 Names: Census of Plants of the Australian Capital Territory, Version 4.1, 2019 Enquiries:Version 3.0 secretary@majura.org (8th June 2012) subsp. = subspecies Form ? = questionable status or identity f = herb, forb sp. aff. = having close affinities with i.e. similar but not quite the sameo = herb, orchid syn. = synonymous with i.e. most recent previous name, or alternativeg = nameherb, grass sens. lat. = in the broad sense of the species concept gl = herb, grass- or sedge-like var. = variety s = shrub (including creeper and climber) sp. = species i.e. identity yet to be finalised st = shrub / small tree spp. = species in the plural i.e. more than one species t = tree MM Mount Majura. Notionally north of “Blue Metal” Road; MA Mount Ainslie. Notionally south of “Blue Metal” Road (VVV) Species occurrence checking; currently focused on Mt. Majura rather than Mt. Ainslie. No ticks next to name = species reported but not yet confirmed for Mt Majura and Mt Ainslie. Status is locally native except for: PE = Planted Exotic PN = Planted Non-local Native WE = Weed Exotic WN = Weed Non-local Native ‘Planted’ status refers to individuals which are planted but not spreading ‘Weed’ status refers to species reproducing in the wild Scientific name Common name MM MA Status Form Family Isolepis sp .
    [Show full text]
  • Gondwanan Origin of Major Monocot Groups Inferred from Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis Kåre Bremer Uppsala University
    Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 22 | Issue 1 Article 3 2006 Gondwanan Origin of Major Monocot Groups Inferred from Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis Kåre Bremer Uppsala University Thomas Janssen Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Bremer, Kåre and Janssen, Thomas (2006) "Gondwanan Origin of Major Monocot Groups Inferred from Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 22: Iss. 1, Article 3. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/3 Aliso 22, pp. 22-27 © 2006, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden GONDWANAN ORIGIN OF MAJOR MONO COT GROUPS INFERRED FROM DISPERSAL-VICARIANCE ANALYSIS KARE BREMERl.3 AND THOMAS JANSSEN2 lDepartment of Systematic Botany, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Norbyvagen l8D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; 2Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Departement de Systematique et Evolution, USM 0602: Taxonomie et collections, 16 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France 3Corresponding author (kare.bremer@adm.su.se) ABSTRACT Historical biogeography of major monocot groups was investigated by biogeographical analysis of a dated phylogeny including 79 of the 81 monocot families using the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II (APG II) classification. Five major areas were used to describe the family distributions: Eurasia, North America, South America, Africa including Madagascar, and Australasia including New Guinea, New Caledonia, and New Zealand. In order to investigate the possible correspondence with continental breakup, the tree with its terminal distributions was fitted to the geological area cladogram «Eurasia, North America), (Africa, (South America, Australasia») and to alternative area cladograms using the TreeFitter program.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Plants of Bendigo
    Produced by Indigenous Plants of Bendigo Indigenous Plants of Bendigo PMS 1807 RED PMS 432 GREY PMS 142 GOLD A Gardener’s Guide to Growing and Protecting Local Plants 3rd Edition 9 © Copyright City of Greater Bendigo and Bendigo Native Plant Group Inc. This work is Copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the City of Greater Bendigo. First Published 2004 Second Edition 2007 Third Edition 2013 Printed by Bendigo Modern Press: www.bmp.com.au This book is also available on the City of Greater Bendigo website: www.bendigo.vic.gov.au Printed on 100% recycled paper. Disclaimer “The information contained in this publication is of a general nature only. This publication is not intended to provide a definitive analysis, or discussion, on each issue canvassed. While the Committee/Council believes the information contained herein is correct, it does not accept any liability whatsoever/howsoever arising from reliance on this publication. Therefore, readers should make their own enquiries, and conduct their own investigations, concerning every issue canvassed herein.” Front cover - Clockwise from centre top: Bendigo Wax-flower (Pam Sheean), Hoary Sunray (Marilyn Sprague), Red Ironbark (Pam Sheean), Green Mallee (Anthony Sheean), Whirrakee Wattle (Anthony Sheean). Table of contents Acknowledgements ...............................................2 Foreword..........................................................3 Introduction.......................................................4
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin of the Orchid Society of Canberra, Inc. PO Box 221, Deakin West, ACT, 2600, Australia Email: Orcsoc@Yahoo.Com ABN 34 762 780 850
    Caladenia fuscata Bulletin of the Orchid Society of Canberra, Inc. PO Box 221, Deakin West, ACT, 2600, Australia www.canberraorchids.org Email: orcsoc@yahoo.com ABN 34 762 780 850 Volume 3 2, Number 4 July –August 2017 Regular monthly meetings: Monthly meetings of the Society are held on the first Wednesday of each month (except January) at the Seventh Day Adventist Church, corner Gould and Macleay St. Turner. Meetings commence at 8:00pm with the library and sales table open from 7:30pm. Meeting Program 5 July “Growing Australian terrestrial orchids” with Mike Pieloor 2 August “Chinese Cymbidiums” with Scott Mann Upcoming Events 2017 7–8 July 2017 Eurobodalla Orchid Club Winter Show 15–16 July Milton-Ulladulla Orchid Society Winter Show 21–22 July Batemans Bay Orchid and Foliage Society Winter Show Orchid of the Night June 2017; Odontioda (Joe's Drum x 18–20 Aug St Ives Orchid Fair Ametle) x Odontioda Carnette grown by Brian Phelan. 1–2 Sep Eurobodalla Orchid Club Spring Show [photo: Z Groeneveld] 8–9 Sep Bateman's Bay Orchid & Foliage Soc Spring Show 16–17 Sept Milton-Ulladulla Orchid Society Spring Show I grow this plant in a glasshouse on the coast with a 23–24 September. Orchid Society of Canberra Spring bit of heating provided. Minimum temperature is Show . Ainslie Football Club, 52 Wakefield Avenue Ainslie about 13 deg. but can go down to 8. Shading is 90 ACT. Sat 10-5, Sun 10-4. 23–24 Sep Wagga Wagga Orchid Society Show percent with added white wash in the Summer.
    [Show full text]
  • Rare Or Threatened Vascular Plant Species of Wollemi National Park, Central Eastern New South Wales
    Rare or threatened vascular plant species of Wollemi National Park, central eastern New South Wales. Stephen A.J. Bell Eastcoast Flora Survey PO Box 216 Kotara Fair, NSW 2289, AUSTRALIA Abstract: Wollemi National Park (c. 32o 20’– 33o 30’S, 150o– 151oE), approximately 100 km north-west of Sydney, conserves over 500 000 ha of the Triassic sandstone environments of the Central Coast and Tablelands of New South Wales, and occupies approximately 25% of the Sydney Basin biogeographical region. 94 taxa of conservation signiicance have been recorded and Wollemi is recognised as an important reservoir of rare and uncommon plant taxa, conserving more than 20% of all listed threatened species for the Central Coast, Central Tablelands and Central Western Slopes botanical divisions. For a land area occupying only 0.05% of these divisions, Wollemi is of paramount importance in regional conservation. Surveys within Wollemi National Park over the last decade have recorded several new populations of signiicant vascular plant species, including some sizeable range extensions. This paper summarises the current status of all rare or threatened taxa, describes habitat and associated species for many of these and proposes IUCN (2001) codes for all, as well as suggesting revisions to current conservation risk codes for some species. For Wollemi National Park 37 species are currently listed as Endangered (15 species) or Vulnerable (22 species) under the New South Wales Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995. An additional 50 species are currently listed as nationally rare under the Briggs and Leigh (1996) classiication, or have been suggested as such by various workers. Seven species are awaiting further taxonomic investigation, including Eucalyptus sp.
    [Show full text]
  • ACT, Australian Capital Territory
    Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Six Candidate DNA Barcode Loci for Identification of Five Important Invasive Grasses in Eastern Australia
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Evaluation of six candidate DNA barcode loci for identification of five important invasive grasses in eastern Australia Aisuo Wang1,2*, David Gopurenko1,2, Hanwen Wu1,2, Brendan Lepschi3 1 Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, Australia, 2 Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (An alliance between NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia, 3 Australian National Herbarium, Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia a1111111111 a1111111111 * aisuo.wang@dpi.nsw.gov.au a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract Invasive grass weeds reduce farm productivity, threaten biodiversity, and increase weed control costs. Identification of invasive grasses from native grasses has generally relied on the morphological examination of grass floral material. DNA barcoding may provide an alter- OPEN ACCESS native means to identify co-occurring native and invasive grasses, particularly during early Citation: Wang A, Gopurenko D, Wu H, Lepschi B growth stages when floral characters are unavailable for analysis. However, there are no (2017) Evaluation of six candidate DNA barcode loci for identification of five important invasive universal loci available for grass barcoding. We herein evaluated the utility of six candidate grasses in eastern Australia. PLoS ONE 12(4): loci (atpF intron, matK, ndhK-ndhC, psbEÐpetL, ETS and ITS) for barcode identification of e0175338. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. several economically important invasive grass species frequently found among native pone.0175338 grasses in eastern Australia. We evaluated these loci in 66 specimens representing five Editor: Shilin Chen, Chinese Academy of Medical invasive grass species (Chloris gayana, Eragrostis curvula, Hyparrhenia hirta, Nassella Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, neesiana, Nassella trichotoma) and seven native grass species.
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Fire Recovery of Woody Plants in the New England Tableland Bioregion
    Post-fire recovery of woody plants in the New England Tableland Bioregion Peter J. ClarkeA, Kirsten J. E. Knox, Monica L. Campbell and Lachlan M. Copeland Botany, School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, AUSTRALIA. ACorresponding author; email: pclarke1@une.edu.au Abstract: The resprouting response of plant species to fire is a key life history trait that has profound effects on post-fire population dynamics and community composition. This study documents the post-fire response (resprouting and maturation times) of woody species in six contrasting formations in the New England Tableland Bioregion of eastern Australia. Rainforest had the highest proportion of resprouting woody taxa and rocky outcrops had the lowest. Surprisingly, no significant difference in the median maturation length was found among habitats, but the communities varied in the range of maturation times. Within these communities, seedlings of species killed by fire, mature faster than seedlings of species that resprout. The slowest maturing species were those that have canopy held seed banks and were killed by fire, and these were used as indicator species to examine fire immaturity risk. Finally, we examine whether current fire management immaturity thresholds appear to be appropriate for these communities and find they need to be amended. Cunninghamia (2009) 11(2): 221–239 Introduction Maturation times of new recruits for those plants killed by fire is also a critical biological variable in the context of fire Fire is a pervasive ecological factor that influences the regimes because this time sets the lower limit for fire intervals evolution, distribution and abundance of woody plants that can cause local population decline or extirpation (Keith (Whelan 1995; Bond & van Wilgen 1996; Bradstock et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Biogeography of the Monocotyledon Astelioid Clade (Asparagales): a History of Long-Distance Dispersal and Diversification with Emerging Habitats
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2021 Biogeography of the monocotyledon astelioid clade (Asparagales): A history of long-distance dispersal and diversification with emerging habitats Birch, Joanne L ; Kocyan, Alexander Abstract: The astelioid families (Asteliaceae, Blandfordiaceae, Boryaceae, Hypoxidaceae, and Lanari- aceae) have centers of diversity in Australasia and temperate Africa, with secondary centers of diversity in Afromontane Africa, Asia, and Pacific Islands. The global distribution of these families makes this an excellent lineage to test if current distribution patterns are the result of vicariance or long-distance dispersal and to evaluate the roles of tertiary climatic and geological drivers in lineage diversification. Sequence data were generated from five chloroplast regions (petL-psbE, rbcL, rps16-trnK, trnL-trnLF, trnS-trnSG) for 104 ingroup species sampled across global diversity. The astelioid phylogeny was inferred using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference methods. Divergence dates were estimated with a relaxed clock applied in BEAST. Ancestral ranges were reconstructed in ’BioGeoBEARS’ applying the corrected Akaike information criterion to test for the best-fit biogeographic model. Diver- sification rates were estimated in Bayesian Analysis of Macroevolutionary Mixtures [BAMM]. Astelioid relationships were inferred as Boryaceae(Blandfordiaceae(Asteliaceae(Hypoxidaceae plus Lanariaceae))). The crown astelioid node was dated to the Late Cretaceous (75.2 million years; 95% highest posterior densities interval 61.0-90.0 million years) with an inferred Eastern Gondwanan origin. However, aste- lioid speciation events have not been shaped by Gondwanan vicariance. Rather long-distance dispersal since the Eocene is inferred to account for current distributions.
    [Show full text]
  • JABG22P101 Barker
    JOURNAL of the ADELAIDE BOTANIC GARDENS AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FOR AUSTRALIAN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY flora.sa.gov.au/jabg Published by the STATE HERBARIUM OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on behalf of the BOARD OF THE BOTANIC GARDENS AND STATE HERBARIUM © Board of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, Adelaide, South Australia © Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, Government of South Australia All rights reserved State Herbarium of South Australia PO Box 2732 Kent Town SA 5071 Australia © 2008 Board of the Botanic Gardens & State Herbarium, Government of South Australia J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 22 (2008) 101 –104 © 2008 Department for Environment & Heritage, Government of South Australia NOTES & SH ORT COMMUNICATIONS New combinations in Pterostylis and Caladenia and other name changes in the Orchidaceae of South Australia R.M. Barker & R.J. Bates State Herbarium of South Australia, Plant Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 2732, Kent Town, South Australia 5071 E-mail: barker.robyn@saugov.sa.gov.au Abstract Combinations are provided in Pterostylis and Caladenia (Orchidaceae) for new species initially described in the segregate genera Arachnorchis, Bunochilus and Oligochaetochilus. Recircumscription of existing species has led to some new species being recognised for South Australia and Prasophyllum sp. West Coast (R.Tate AD96945167) is now known as Prasophyllum catenemum D.L.Jones. Introduction within Pterostylis2 R.Br. will not be adopted. Both In the past, when there have been disagreements genera in the wider sense are recognised as monophyletic between botanists about the level at which species (Hopper & Brown 2004; Jones & Clements 2002b) should be recognised, the arguments have not impinged and for the practical purpose of running Australia’s particularly on the outside community.
    [Show full text]
  • New England Peppermint (Eucalyptus Nova-Anglica) Grassy
    Advice to the Minister for Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities from the Threatened Species Scientific Committee on an Amendment to the List of Threatened Ecological Communities under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) 1. Name of the ecological community New England Peppermint (Eucalyptus nova-anglica) Grassy Woodlands This advice follows the assessment of two public nominations to list the ‘New England Peppermint (Eucalyptus nova-anglica) Woodlands on Sediment on the Northern Tablelands’ and the ‘New England Peppermint (Eucalyptus nova-anglica) Woodlands on Basalt on the Northern Tablelands’ as threatened ecological communities under the EPBC Act. The Threatened Species Scientific Committee (the Committee) recommends that the national ecological community be renamed New England Peppermint (Eucalyptus nova-anglica) Grassy Woodlands. The name reflects the fact that the definition of the ecological community has been expanded to include all grassy woodlands dominated or co-dominated by Eucalyptus nova-anglica (New England Peppermint), in New South Wales and Queensland. Also the occurrence of the ecological community extends beyond the New England Tableland Bioregion, into adjacent areas of the New South Wales North Coast and the Nandewar bioregions. Part of the national ecological community is listed as endangered in New South Wales, as ‘New England Peppermint (Eucalyptus nova-anglica) Woodland on Basalts and Sediments in the New England Tableland Bioregion’ (NSW Scientific Committee, 2003); and, as an endangered Regional Ecosystem in Queensland ‘RE 13.3.2 Eucalyptus nova-anglica ± E. dalrympleana subsp. heptantha open-forest or woodland’ (Qld Herbarium, 2009). 2. Public Consultation A technical workshop with experts on the ecological community was held in 2005.
    [Show full text]