Received: 4 March 2021 Revised: 20 April 2021 Accepted: 24 April 2021 DOI: 10.1002/jsid.1058 INVITED PAPER Prospects and challenges of mini-LED, OLED, and micro-LED displays En-Lin Hsiang, SID Student Member1 | Zhiyong Yang, SID Student Member1 | Qian Yang, SID Student Member1 | Yi-Fen Lan2 | Shin-Tson Wu, SID Fellow1 1College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Abstract Florida, USA Recently, “liquid crystal display (LCD), organic light-emitting diode (OLED), 2AU Optronics Corp., Hsinchu, Taiwan or micro-light-emitting diode (LED): who wins?” is a heated debatable ques- tion. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive overview of these Correspondence Shin-Tson Wu, College of Optics and three promising display technologies through nine display performance indica- Photonics, University of Central Florida, tors, including ambient contrast ratio, motion picture response time, viewing Orlando, FL 32816, USA. angle and angular color shift, color gamut, resolution density, power consump- Email:
[email protected] tion, cost, lifetime, and thin profile and panel flexibility. The advantages and Funding information disadvantages of each technology are analyzed, and their future perspectives a.u.Vista, Inc., Grant/Award Number: 65018A64 are discussed. KEYWORDS high-dynamic range, micro-LED, mini-LED backlit LCD, OLED 1 | INTRODUCTION can meet the high-dynamic-range (HDR) requirements. According to Dolby Research standard, an HDR display Display is an important human–machine interface. Its should exhibit a peak brightness > 4000 nits, dark widespread applications range from smart watches, state < 0.005 nit, and at least 10 bits of gray levels. In the smartphones, pads, computers, TVs, to vehicles, just to meantime, micro-LED (μLED) display3,4 with high peak name a few.