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Albian Corals from the Subpelagonian Zone of Central Greece (Agrostylia, Parnassos Region)

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Albian Corals from the Subpelagonian Zone of Central Greece (Agrostylia, Parnassos Region) Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae (2002), vol. 72: 1-65. ALBIAN CORALS FROM THE SUBPELAGONIAN ZONE OF CENTRAL GREECE (AGROSTYLIA, PARNASSOS REGION) Elżbieta MORYCOWA1 & Anastasia MARCOPOULOU-DIACANTONI2 1 Institute o f Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Oleandry 2a, 30-063 Kraków, Poland, e-mail: [email protected] 2 Department o f Historical Geology and Paleontology, University o f Athens, Panepistimioupoli, 15784 Athens, Greece, e-mail: [email protected] Morycowa, E. & Marcopoulou-Diacantoni, A., 2002. Albian corals from the Subpelagonian Zone of Central Greece (Agrostylia, Pamassos region). Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 72: 1-65. Abstract: Shallow-water scleractinian corals from Cretaceous allochthonous sediments of the Subpelagonian Zone in Agrostylia (Pamassos region, Central Greece) represent 47 taxa belonging to 35 genera, 15 families and 8 suborders; of these 3 new genera and 9 new species are described. Among these taxa, 5 were identified only at the generic level. One octocorallian species has also been identified. This coral assemblage is representative for late Early Cretaceous Tethyan realm but also shows some endemism. A characteristic feature of this scleractinian coral assemblage is the abundance of specimens from the suborder Rhipidogyrina. The Albian age of the corals discussed is indicated by the whole studied coral fauna, associated foraminifers, calpionellids and calcareous dinoflagellates. Key words: Scleractinia, Octocorallia, Pamassos, Greece, Albian, taxonomy, palaeogeography. Manuscript received 3 December 2001, accepted 8 April 2002 INTRODUCTION Several occurrences of Cretaceous scleractinian corals and Morycowa & Kołodziej (2001) on corals from the from Greece have been mentioned in the literature (see e.g., Agrostylia valley in Pamassos (Albian, corrected from Al­ Celet, 1962), but not many taxonomic studies have been bian- ?Cenomanian). carried out on these faunas. Hackemesser (1936) was the Shallow-water corals presented here were collected by first to describe rich coral assamblages from Panourgias A. Marcopoulou-Diacantoni in 1993 and by both authors in (formerly Dremisa) in Giona Massif (Central Greece). The 1997 from Cretaceous sediments in the Agrostylia area, age of this fauna has been dated by Hackemesser (1936, see situated about 25 km NNW of the village Arachova, in the also Renz, 1930 and Celet, 1962) as Cenomanian (perhaps Pamassos region, Central Greece (Fig.l). The corals occur not older than early Cenomanian, see Loser & Raeder, in ailochtonous Cretaceous sediments belonging to the Sub­ 1995). A year later Hackemesser identified five coral spe­ pelagonian Zone (Hackemesser, 1937; Celet, 1962; Maps cies from Agrostylia valley in the Pamassos region, dating IGME, Sheet Amphissa, 1: 50000, 1960). In the above men­ their age also as Cenomanian (Hackemesser, 1937). tioned literature, the age of coral-bearing sediments and the A few Cenomanian scleractinian corals from Macedo­ corals were estimated as Cenomanian. It should be men­ nia were described by Brunn (1956); Upper Cretaceous cor­ tioned that five species described in 1937 by Hackemesser als from the Vermion Mountains by Mitzopoulos (1959), come from the same area and perhaps from the same depos­ and “basal Cretaceous” and Cenomanian from Peloponne­ its as those collected by the authors. sus by Alloiteau (Alloiteau & Dercourt, 1966). Recently, studies of the coral specimens collected at In the last decade some taxonomic studies have been Agrostylia have been undertaken and their age was first in­ performed by: Gameil (Abdel-Gawad & Gameil, 1995) on dicated as Albian-?Cenomanian on the basis of some coral the Aptian, Albian and Upper Cretaceous corals from Boeo­ taxa (preliminary note: Morycowa & Marcopoulou-Diacan­ tia and Santonian-Campanian ones in Macedonia; Loser on toni, 1997) and later affirmed as only Albian on the basis of Aptian- Albian (Loser & Raeder, 1995) and late Turonian- the corals and foraminifers occurring together with the coral Early Coniacian (Loser, 1999) corals from Boeotia; Baron- skeletons (Morycowa et al., 1999; Morycowa & Kołodziej, Szabo (Baron-Szabo & Steuber, 1996) on Aptian corals in 2001). Now the Albian age of these corals seems to be reaf­ early Tertiary flysch deposits from Pamassos, near Delfi- firmed also by calpionellids and calcareous dinoflagellates. Arachova; Morycowa & Marcopoulou-Diacantoni (1997) 2 E. MORYCOWA & A. MARCOPOULOU-DIACANTON1 2 3 E S h 1 Fig. 3. Schematic geological map of the Pamassos region. Square inset shows localization of Agrostylia area (Sheet Am­ phissa, 1: 50 000. IGME, 1960) (simplified fragment of fig. 2; Mo- Fig. 1. A, B. Schematic maps showing location of Agrostylia rycowa & Marcopoulou-Diacantoni, 1997). 1 - Upper Jurassic- area in the Pamassos region, Central Greece. Black square - loca­ Lower Cretaceous; 2 - black limestones with corals; 3 - marly tion of the studied area limestones and limestones with rudists and grey limestones with Toucasia; 4 - flyschoid deposits and limestones with orbitolines and gastropodes; J - overthrust line A m fikleia also shows some endemism. A characteristic feature of this scleractinian coral assemblage is the abundance of speci­ mens with neorhipidacanth microstracture, typical of the suborder Rhipidogyrina. The principal aim of this paper is the taxonomic identi­ fication and re-examination of the whole coral assemblage collected from Agrostylia from 1993 to 1997 (Morycowa & Marcopoulou-Diacantoni, 1997; Morycowa et al., 1999; Livadia Morycowa & Kołodziej, 2001) and the presentation of their stratigraphic and palaeogeographic distributions as well as their palaeoecological interpretation. Another important purpose is the reaffirmation of their Albian age on the basis MU'! of the whole studied coral fauna and the associated micro­ fossils. The geological part of this work is by A. Marcopoulou- Diacantoni and E. Morycowa, the palaeontological part by E. Morycowa. The specimens presented here are housed in the Geo­ Fig. 2. Geological map of the Pamassos-Giona region, Central logical Museum of the Institute of Geological Sciences, Greece, showing tectonic position of the Subpelagonian Unit Jagiellonian University (coll.: UJ 158P). (slightly modified fragment from Kranis & Papanikolaou, 2001, fig. 1, according to the information received from Dr. H. D. Kra­ nis). 1 - Quaternary and Neogene; 2 - ophiolite suite; 3 - Boetian Units; 4 - Subpelagonian Unit; 5 -6 - Pamassos Unit (5 - clastics, GEOLOGICAL SETTING OF THE 6 - carbonates); 7 - Pindos Unit; 8 - major tectonic contact; 9 - AGROSTYLIA AREA (NW PARNASSOS) fault; 1 0 - location of the studied area, arrow The Greek mainland has been divided in two facial The coral assemblage represents 47 taxa belonging to Zones called External and Internal Hellenides (Brunn, 1956; 35 genera, 15 families and 8 suborders; of these 3 new gen­ Aubouin, 1958). The Subpelagonian Zone is one of the In­ era and 9 new species are described. Among these taxa, 4 ternal Hellenic Zones. were identified only at the generic level. One octocorallian The locality in Agrostylia valley is situated in the area species has also been identified. This coral assemblage is where the source Krya Vryssi flows out and belonging to representative for late Early Cretaceous Tethyan realm but the village Drossochori. The valley is flanked eastward by ALB IAN CORALS FROM THE AGROSTYLIA (GREECE) 3 that late Lower Cretaceous (Albian) rocks are also repre­ sented in the Subpelagonian Zone. In the locality of Agrostylia it is difficult now to ob­ serve a continuous stratigraphic section because of the den­ sity of vegetation. The lithostratigraphical section presented here (Fig. 4) (after the data provided by the second author: A. M.-D.) shows the position of the carbonate rocks con­ taining coral specimens presented in this paper. MATERIALS AND METHODS The corals from Agrostylia (named also Argostilia) be­ long to the collection of A. Marcopoulou-Diacantoni, sup­ plemented by E. Morycowa and G. Diacantonis. The speci­ mens in question occur as separate colonies and in a debris of coral-bearing, mainly black, limestone fragments of vari­ ous size (even blocks), lying at the base of a slope in Agrostylia area whose exact stratigraphic position is not known for certain (see also Celet, 1962, p. 177). £ The coral assemblage consists of 5 solitary specimens r~ and about 120 colonial forms. It has been possible to iden­ tify only about 90 of them.There are whole colonies ranging from several centimeters to over 50 cm in size, as well as fragments of coral skeletons. Massive and phaceloid growth Fig. 4. Lithostratigraphic column of the Subpelagonian Zone at forms are predominant. The taxonomical investigation of Agrostylia (after A. Marcopoulou-Diacantoni in: Morycowa & corals from Agrostylia was based mainly on the morphol­ Marcopoulou-Diacantoni, 1997, fig. 3, slightly graphically modi­ ogy and microstructure of the skeletons, which in some fied). I - black to grey bituminous limestones with Nerinea (Juras­ cases are relatively well preserved. The detailed investiga­ sic/Cretaceous); 2 - black limestones with corals (Albian) (2a - tion of the microstructure was based on ca 200 transverse intercalations of grey limestones with Toucasia (Cenomanian-Tu- and longitudinal thin sections, of which about 70 had been ronian)); 3 - marly, reddish limestones with small clasts of red cherts and fragments of rudists (Turonian-Senonian); 4 - polymic- made at the Department of Historical Geology and Paleon­ tic material:
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