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FIG. 12. — Inachoididae. A, Collodes Robustus Smith, Face Dorsale De La Carapace

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FIG. 12. — Inachoididae. A, Collodes Robustus Smith, Face Dorsale De La Carapace Guinot I). & Richer de I-'orges B. FIG. 12. — Inachoididae. A, Collodes robustus Smith, face dorsale de la carapace. B, Leurocyclus luberculosus (H. Milne Edwards et Lucas), face dorsale de la carapace et chélipèdes. C, Euprognatha bifida Rathbun, 6, face ventrale avec l'emplacement des fossettes de l'appareil bouton-pression. D. Anasimus latus Rathbun, <S, face ventrale. E, idem, 9, face ventrale avec sa cavité incubatrice. F, Euprognatha rastellifera acuta A. Milne Edwards, cavité incubatrice entrouverte pour montrer les œufs, gros et en petit nombre. a1, segment abdominal 1 ; b.p., appareil bouton-pression de l'abdomen ; f.p., fente ptérygostomienne ; g, gouttière de sertissage de la carapace ; m.s., muraille sternale ; pt, pléotelson ; p.e., partie latéro-externe des pleurites. 486 ZOOSYSTEM A • 1997 • 19(2-3) Affinités entre Hymenosomatidae et Inachoididae l'emplacement de la gouttière et de distinguer laquelle la partie exposée des pleurites pourrait chaque pleurite externe bien individualisé. Les correspondre à une précoxa. On considère par- figures par Melo (1996) d'autres Inachoididae, fois ce tout premier article de l'appendice comme par exemple des genres Anasimus, Collodes ou n'ayant pas disparu et comme s'étant incorporé Arachnopsis, montrent bien le sillon qui sépare la aux pleurites thoraciques chez certains carapace stricto sensu de la partie latéro-externe Décapodes (Hansen 1893, 1925) ou comme une califiée des pleurites, au-dessus des coxae des partie sclérifiée de la paroi du corps, et non P2-P5. comme un véritable article appendiculaire Le cas de pleurites apparents est très rare chez les (Gruner 1993). Brachyoures. Font exception les Raninoidea, les anciens Gymnopleura Bourne, 1922 où la condi- En plus des cinq points mentionnés plus haut, tion « pleurites découverts » est une synapomor- les Inachoididae montrent de nombreuses parti- phie du groupe. Garth (1958 : 80) est le seul à cularités des synapomorphies, pour la plupart : avoir mentionné la présence de « plaques épimé- 6. Très fort aplatissement du corps correspondant rales » chez Paradasygius. à un squelette endophragmal très peu épais et Nous n'insistons pas ici sur l'interprétation selon localement soudé avec la carapace (Fig. 11D, F) ; FIG. 13. — Inachoididae. Paradasygius tuberculatus (Lemos de Castro), 6, Guyane française (MNHN-B 19509). A, Mxp3 et fente ptérygotomienne ; B, sternum thoracique et abdomen dessiné en trois parties ; C, trabécules pleuro-sternales ; D, emplacement des crochets de l'appareil bouton-pression de l'abdomen, b.p., crochets de l'appareil bouton-pression de l'abdomen ; cx4, cx5, coxa de P4, de P5 ; c.s., cavité sterno-abdominale ; pli, premier pléopode mâle ; p.e.7, p.e.8, partie latéro-externe des pleurites 7 et 8 ; 4/5-7/8, sutures sternales thoraciques 4/5-7/8. ZOOSYSTEM A • 1997 • 19(2-3) 487 Guinot I). & Richer de I-'orges B. 7. Face dorsale de la carapace (Figs 11B, 12A, B, Une synapomorphie majeure semble être la pré- 15F) profondément sillonnée et dénuée de soies sence des deux piliers verticaux qui soudent le en crochet, typiques de nombreux Majidae ; système endophragmal à la carapace : à partir de 8. Sternum thoracique étroit au niveau de l'écus- la face interne de la carapace, au niveau de la son antérieur qui pénètre entre les Mxp3, au région métagastrique, ils traversent le squelette et contraire très élargi au niveau des segments 4-7 rejoignent la face interne du sternum thoracique (Figs 11C, E, 12C, D, 13B, 14B) ; sternum se à la base de l'écusson sternal, c'est-à-dire au réunissant au ptérygostome par une avancée niveau du sternite 3. allongée et se prolongeant par des trabécules Néanmoins, certains caractères se présentent à (pleuro-sternales) qui entourent les coxae des divers degrés, comme par exemple l'avancée du pattes ambulatoires (Fig. 13C) ; sternum vers le ptérygostome, laquelle est plus 9. Sutures sternales thoraciques toutes interrom- ou moins prononcée. Chez Paradasygius tubercu- pues (Figs 11C, 12C, D, 13B, 14B) ; latus (Lemos de Castro) (Figs 11C, 13A), une 10. Fente ptérygostomienne vaste, frangée de avancée sternale complète isole la cavité arthro- soies, fermée en avant du chélipède par l'avancée diale du chélipède ; de même, chez Batrachonotus qui relie le plastron sternal thoracique au rebord nicolsi Rathbun, 1894, B. fragosus Stimpson, ptérygostomien (Figs 11C, 12C, D, 13A, 14A), 1871, Arachnopsis filipes Stimpson, 1871, la ventilation respiratoire ne pouvant utiliser les Euprognatha rastellifera Stimpson, 1871, E. bifi- voies habituelles en raison de l'insertion de la da Rathbun, 1893 (Fig. 12C), Anasimus latus carapace sur les pleurites ; Rathbun, 1894 (Fig. 12D), la jonction est totale, 11. Mxp3 avec une coxa et un épipodite très avec une fente ptérygostomienne complètement développés ; séparée de la cavité arthrodiale du chélipède. 12. Abdomen mâle composé au maximum de six Chez Paradasygius depressus (Bell, 1835) éléments, le segment 6 étant soudé au telson, (Fig. 14A), Collodes leptocheles Rathbun, 1894, d'où formation d'un pléotelson, lequel est sou- Pyromaia tuberculata (Lockington, 1876), et vent très allongé (Figs 11C, 12D, 13B, 14B) ; dans le genre Leurocyclus Rathbun, 1897, se 13. Crochets de l'appareil bouton-pression déve- développe une languette sternale, qui n'atteint loppés (Figs 12C, D, 13D, 14C), correspondant cependant pas le rebord ptérygostomien. Une à des fossettes profondes situées sur le pléotelson, étude détaillée de cette disposition s'avère néces- à des niveaux variables (Figs 12C, D) ; saire, à la fois chez les Inachoididae et chez les 14. Abdomen femelle jamais composé de plus de Inachidae. cinq segments, avec les segments 5-6 soudés et Les trabécules (pleuro-sternales) qui entourent les fusionnés au telson (formation d'un pléotelson) ; coxae des pattes ambulatoires (Fig. 13C) ferment 15. Formation d'une large cavité incubatrice, par les cavités arthrodiales de celles-ci. Le passage de suite de l'élargissement du pléotelson en une l'eau respiratoire ne peut se faire que par la très large calotte discoïde (Figs 11E, 12E) ; large fente ptérygostomienne. L'aplatissement du 16. Modification du plastron sternal chez la corps et la réduction extrême du branchiostégite femelle, le sternum se soulevant en une muraille aboutissent à une diminution de la capacité de la (muraille sternale, Fig. 12F) sur laquelle s'emboî- chambre branchiale et des branchies, particulari- te cette calotte (tout au moins chez les genres tés qui existent également chez les Hymenoso- dont nous avons examiné des femelles mûres) ; matidae. 17. Très gros œufs, peu nombreux (Fig. 12F) ; 18. Squelette endophragmal séparé en deux par- SYNONYMIF: DES INACHOIDIDAE Dana, 1851 ties dorso-ventrales par la lame de jonction et formé également de deux parties exclusivement Inachoidinae Dana, 1851a : 432. latérales (sauf au niveau de la selle turcique, peu Inachoididae - Dana 1851b ; 1852 : 83. - Neumann individualisée), symétriques, régulièrement cloi- 1878 : 13. - Drach & Guinot 1983 : 37-42. - Guinot sonnées dans le plan longitudinal (Secretan sous 1984 : 377. - Manning & Holthuis 1981 : 252 (cit.). presse). Salacinae Dana, 1851a : 430 ; 1852 : 81. - Brito 488 ZOOSYSTEM A • 1997 • 19(2-3) Affinités entre Hymenosomatidae et Inachoididae , CX1 FIG. 14. — Inachoididae. Paradasygius depressus (Bell), 6 (MNHN-B 20818). A, Mxp3 et fente ptérygostomienne ; B, sternum tho- racique et abdomen dessiné en deux parties ; C, emplacement des crochets de l'appareil bouton-pression de l'abdomen, b.p., cro- chets de l'appareil bouton-pression de l'abdomen ; cx1, cx5, coxa de P1, de P5 ; c.s., cavité sterno-abdominale ; pt, pléotelson ; 4-8, sternites thoraciques 4-8. Capello 1871 : 264. - Manning & Holthuis 1981 : américaine étudiés par Williams (1984 : 292), à 252 (cit.). l'exception des genres Anomalothir Miers, 1879, Salaciinae - Guinot 1984 : 381. Podochela Stimpson, 1860, Stenorhynchus Collodinae Stimpson, 1871 : 119. - Neumann 1878 : Lamarck, 1818, sont à soustraire des Inachidae. 12. - Manning & Holthuis 1981 : 252 (cit.). Les Inachoididae habitent tous les mers des côtes nord- et sud-américaines, compte tenu que Inachoidinae - Melo 1996 : 167, 191. P. tuberculata (Lockington, 1877) a été introduite GENRES INCLUS. —Aepinus Rathbun, 1925 (non exa- en Asie de l'Est, en Nouvelle-Zélande (Furota miné), Anasimus H. Milne Edwards, 1880, Arach- 1996a, b) et en Australie (Morgan 1990) . nopsis Stimpson, 1871, Batrachonotus Stimpson, 1871, Le cas du genre Capartiella Manning et Holthuis, Collodes Euprognatha Stimpson, 1861, Stimpson, 1981, d'Afrique occidentale, monospécifique 1871, Inachoides H. Milne Edwards et Lucas, 1842 (genre-type), Leurocyclus Rathbun, 1897, Paradasygius avec C. longipes (Capart, 1951) (Monod 1956 : Garth, 1958, Pyromaia Stimpson, 1871. 537, sous le nom de Physachaeus ; Manning & Holthuis 1981 : 277), pose problème. Comme REMARQUES chez les Inachoididae, les bords de la face dorsale Tous les genres en question étaient classiquement de la carapace (Fig. 15E), en arrière de PI, sont attribués aux Inachinae (sauf Leurocyclus). Par prolongés par une portion externe des pleurites. exemple, tous les Inachinae de la côte nord- L'abdomen mâle offre un pléotelson par suite de ZOOSYSTEM A • 1997 • 19(2-3) 489 Guinot I). & Richer de I-'orges B. la soudure du segment 6 avec le telson. Les cro- l'armature réduite de la carapace ; l'article basai chets de l'appareil bouton-pression sont extrême- antennaire avec une longue avancée ; les quatre ment pointus (Fig. 15D). Les profondes fossettes épines terminales du telson. À signaler encore la correspondantes sont curieusement situées sur présence de six pléomères (+ telson) et de pléo- deux languettes détachées : émanant du dernier podes 2-6 courts (exopodite 2-articulé) et termi- élément abdominal, elles paraissent presque nés par des soies plumeuses longues (plus mobiles (à vérifier sur d'autres individus) réduites sur le P16, semble-t-il ). La discusssion (Fig. 15G). L'abdomen femelle est composé de de Sandifer & Van Engel (1972) fait bien ressor- 5 segments (segment 6 soudé au telson). Mais tir les différences par rapport aux zoés et à la tous ces caractères (sauf le débordement des par- mégalope des Inachidae.
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