DOCSLIB.ORG

Fishery Bulletin/U S Dept of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service V.75

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fishery Bulletin/U S Dept of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service V.75 LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE SPIDER CRAB, LIBINIA EMARGINATA (MAJIDAE)l D. MICHAEL JOHNS2 AND WILLIAM H. LANG3 ABSTRACT Larval development ofthe spider crab, Libinia emarginata, consists oftwo zoeal stages and megalopa. Laboratory-reared larvae (South Carolina and Rhode Island) are described and compared with planktonic larvae from Narragansett Bay, R.I. No significant variations in morphology were found between laboratory-cultured larvae and "wild" larvae from plankton catches; first stage zoea from South Carolina were smaller than Rhode Island specimens. Using Artemia diets, the best percentage survival in culture was found to be 20°C for Rhode Island larvae and 25°C for South Carolina larvae. Zoeal stages show little difference from larvae ofL. dubia; however, the megalopae ofthe two species can be differentiated by the number of protuberances on the cardiac region of the carapace. Larval stages have previously been described for a ters and development times. Characteristics number of species from the family Majidae (San­ which distinguish L. emarginata larvae from the difer and Van Engel 1971, 1972). For the genus larvae ofL. dubia andL. erinacea were also noted. Libinia only two complete descriptions have been published. Boschi and Scelzo (1968) described lar­ METHODS AND MATERIALS val stages ofL. spinosa from Mar del Plata Harbor, Argentina; and Sandifer and Van Engel (1971) Ovigerous females of L. emarginata were col­ described the larval stages of L. dubia from lected off Charleston, S.C., during fall 1975 and Chesapeake Bay. Larvae ofL. erinacea have been spring1976, and in Narragansett Bay, R.I., during described by Yang (1967), but the results remain summer 1976. Females were isolated in chambers unpublished. In all cases, the larval development at 25°C (in South Carolina) or 20°-22°C (in Rhode consists of two zoeal stages and a megalopa. Island) and 30%0. After hatching, zoeae were iso­ Adult Libinia emarginata Leach range from lated into compartmentalized plastic boxes. Lar­ Windsor, Nova Scotia, to the western Gulf of vae were fed day old Artemia every other day Mexico and are found in nearshore waters down to following a change of water. Larvae reared at a depth of 29 m (Williams 1965). Although the salinities other than 30%0 were brought to the larvae of L. emarginata have not been formally' appropriate levels (15, 20, 40, or 45%0) using in­ described, they have been successfully reared (J. crement changes of 2.5%0 every 30 min. Larvae D. Costlow, pers. commun.). Grassle (1968) reared at temperatures other than hatching tem­ studied heterogeneity of hemocyanins during on­ perature were brought to the test temperature togeny, but no attempt was made to describe de­ (15°, 20°, or 30°C) by placing larvae in environ­ velopment. In support of ongoing studies using mental chambers and allowing them to equili­ Libinia larvae at this laboratory, the present brate to these temperatures. study was undertaken to: 1) describe the larval Field samples were obtained from surface stages, 2) compare morphology of laboratory cul­ plankton tows collected in Narragansett Bay dur­ tured and field collected larvae, and 3) determine ing July and August 1976. successful temperature-salinity rearing parame- Drawings were made with the aid of camera lucida using exuviae and larvae fixed in 10% For­ malin.4 Carapace and total lengths were made 'Contribution No. 176 from the Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and Coastal Research. with an ocular micrometer. Dry weights were de­ 'United States Environmental Protection Agency, EnVIron­ termined with a Cahn Electrobalance on larvae mental Research Laboratory, South Ferry Road, Narrangansett, R.I. 20882. 3Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and Coastal 'Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208. National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Manuscript accepted March 1977. 831 FISHERY BULLETIN: VOL. 75, NO.4, 1977. FISHERY BULLETIN: VOL. 75, NO.4. that were dried in an 80°C oven for 24 h. The tions tested, development was varied (Table 1). weights for each stage were calculated from three South Carolina reared larvae tended to be samples of five zoeae each. smaller than both Rhode Island reared and field One-way analysis of variance was computed on samples (Table 2), With statistical analysis, this carapace length measurements taken on larval difference is significant in stage I (P <0.05) but stages from South Carolina reared, Rhode Island only between South Carolina reared and Rhode reared, and field samples. Ifsignificant differences Island reared. At no other stage were the size (at P = 0.05) were found within stages, a Scheffe variations found to be significant. Posterior comparison was used to determine where the differences lay (Nie et al. 1975\. The following abbreviations were used in all TABLE 2.-Comparison ofcarapace lengths for South Carolina descriptions: ANI =antennule, AN2 =antenna, reared, Rhode I61and reared, and field sample larvae of Libinia emarginata. MN =: mandible, MAXI =: maxillule, MAX2 = South Caro'ina Rhode Island Field maxilla, MXPI =first maxilliped, MXP2 = second Stage /lem reared reared samples maxilliped, MXP3 = third maxilliped, PI to P5 = Zoea I" x (mm) '0.75 '0.76 0.775 pereopods 1 to 5, PL2 to PL6 = pleopods on abdom­ SD(mm) 0.019 0.020 0.028 N 10 10 13 inal somites 2 to 6. Types of setae specified are as Zoea II X (mm) 0.94 0.94 0.96 described by Bookhout and Costlow SO (mm) 0.02 0.038 0.035 (1974), N 7 14 11 Maga/opa i(mm) 1.16 1.21 1.20 SO (mm) 0.049 0.064 0.001 RESULTS N 4 3 4 *Indicates significant differences within a stage by one·way analysis of var­ iance (P = 0.051. Development 1 Significant differences exist between the two means, according to Scheffe's Posterior comparison. Development times in both the South Carolina and Rhode Island reared larvae vary with temper­ ature and salinity. In the South Carolina larvae, Larval Description optimal and most advanced development occurred at 25°C and 30%0. At these conditions, the second Two zoeal stages and one megalopa were ob­ stage appeared at day 3, megalopa at day 6 and tained during the rearing period. Mandibles ofthe first crab at day 14. In other conditions tested, zoea are without palps and have a complex trian­ development did not continue past the megalopa gular biting surface. Since, in these stages, man­ (Table 1). dibles appear to have little diagnostic value and In the Rhode Island reared larvae, complete de­ are difficult to accurately portray, they have been velopmentoccurred onlyat20°C and 30%owith the omitted from the following description. second zoeal stage appearing atday 5, megalopa at day 8, and first crab at day 14. With other condi- Zoea I Size and weight-Average carapace length, TABLE I.-Time to various developmental stages (in days) for 0.78 mm (range 0.76-0.80 mm), average total the spider crab, Libinia emarginata, reared at various length 2.19 mm (range 2.00-2.30 mm). Average temperature-salinity combinations in both South Carolina and dry weight 0.0214 mg (range 0.0200-0.0224 mg). Rhode Island. Carapace (Figure lA, B) with dorsal and rostral Temperature· Stage spines; lateral spines absent. Dorsal spine long salinny No. of Rearing site combination larvae II Megalopa 1st crab and slightly curved posteriorly; rostral spine South Carolina 15°C-30%e 36 12 27 (') nearly as long as antennule and slightly curved 20°C·30%e 36 7 12 (1) 25°C·15%e 54 (1) inward. Carapace large and somewhat rounded; 7 25°C·20%e 54 3 8 (1) small plumose setae along the ventrolateral mar­ 25°C-30%e 54 3 6 14 25°C-40%e 54 3 7 (1) gin of carapace. Eyes sessile. 25°C-45%e 54 4 8 (') Abdomen (Figure lC) with 5 somites; 6th somite 30°C·30%e 36 (1) Rhode Island 15°C·30%e 60 (.) fused to telson. Somite 2 with small anteriorly 20°C-30%e 60 5 6 14 curved knobs on each side of lateral surface; so­ (1) 25°C·30%e 60 4 mites 3-5 with pair of small posterolateral spines. 'All larvae had died prior to this stage. 'Second stage was not reached by day 15. Bifurcate telson; each furca bearing 1 spine. Inner 832 JOHNS and LANG: LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF LIBINIA EMARGINATA O.5mm FIGURE l.-Libinia emarginata zoea I and II. (A) lateral view of stage I, (B) front view of stage I, (C) dorsal view of abdomen at stage I, (0) lateral view of stage II, (E) front view of stage II, (F) dorsal view of abdomen at stage II. All unmarked scales = 0.1 mm. 833 FISHERY BULLETIN: VOL. 75, NO.4. margin of telson fork bearing 6 spines of approxi­ seta; smaller coxal endite with 5 plumose setae mately the same length. and 2 simple setae. ANI (Figure 2C)-Uniramous, unsegmented, MAX2 (Figure 2E)-Scaphognathite with 9 and conical with 2 long aesthetascs, 2 smaller aes­ plumose marginal setae and a plumose apical tip. thetascs, and one simple setae on the terminal Endopodite simple with 4 (rarely 5) terminal end. plumodenticulate setae and 1 simple seta. Basal AN2 (Figure 2Dl-Protopodite long, ending in a endite slightly bilobed; 4-5 plumodenticulate point with 2 rows of spinules distally, small en­ setae on distal lobe and 5 (rarely 4) plumodenticu­ dopodite bud near base. Exopodite long, spinulose late setae on proximal lobe. Coxal endite bilobed; distally; 2 small spines just subterminal, inner­ 3-4 plumose setae on distal lobe and 4 plumose most spinulose.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Classification of Living and Fossil Genera of Decapod Crustaceans
    RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2009 Supplement No. 21: 1–109 Date of Publication: 15 Sep.2009 © National University of Singapore A CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING AND FOSSIL GENERA OF DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS Sammy De Grave1, N. Dean Pentcheff 2, Shane T. Ahyong3, Tin-Yam Chan4, Keith A. Crandall5, Peter C. Dworschak6, Darryl L. Felder7, Rodney M. Feldmann8, Charles H. J. M. Fransen9, Laura Y. D. Goulding1, Rafael Lemaitre10, Martyn E. Y. Low11, Joel W. Martin2, Peter K. L. Ng11, Carrie E. Schweitzer12, S. H. Tan11, Dale Tshudy13, Regina Wetzer2 1Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PW, United Kingdom [email protected] [email protected] 2Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007 United States of America [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 3Marine Biodiversity and Biosecurity, NIWA, Private Bag 14901, Kilbirnie Wellington, New Zealand [email protected] 4Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan, Republic of China [email protected] 5Department of Biology and Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602 United States of America [email protected] 6Dritte Zoologische Abteilung, Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, Austria [email protected] 7Department of Biology, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA 70504 United States of America [email protected] 8Department of Geology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242 United States of America [email protected] 9Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands [email protected] 10Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, 10th and Constitution Avenue, Washington, DC 20560 United States of America [email protected] 11Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 12Department of Geology, Kent State University Stark Campus, 6000 Frank Ave.
    [Show full text]
  • Feeding Habits of the Spider Crab Libinia Spinosa H. Milne Edwards, 1834 (Decapoda, Brachyura) in Ubatuba Bay, São Paulo, Brazil
    413 Vol. 51, n. 2 : pp.413-417, March-April 2008 ISSN 1516-8913 Printed in Brazil BRAZILIAN ARCHIVES OF BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL Feeding Habits of the Spider Crab Libinia spinosa H. Milne Edwards, 1834 (Decapoda, Brachyura) in Ubatuba Bay, São Paulo, Brazil Samara de Paiva Barros 1,2 *, Valter José Cobo 1,2 and Adilson Fransozo 2,3 1Laboratório de Biologia Marinha; Instituto Básico de Biociências; Universidade de Taubaté – UNITAU; Av. Tiradentes, 500; 12030-180, Taubaté - SP - Brasil. 2Núcleo de Estudos em Biologia; Ecologia e Cultivo de Crustáceos - NEBECC. 3Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica; Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP; “Campus” de Botucatu; Distrito de Rubião Júnior; 18600-000; Botucatu - SP -Brasil ABSTRACT The main goal of this study was the identification of the items of the diet of the L. spinosa , based on the stomach contents analysis. The crabs were obtained from Ubatuba region north-eastern shore of São Paulo State. In the laboratory, all the individuals were dissected, the stomach was retreated and fixed in 10% formaline. The alimentary items were identified under stereomicroscope and analysed by the method of Frequency of Occurrence. A total of 194 stomachs was analysed and nine alimentary items were obtained. Unindentified material was found in 98% of analysed stomach and poriferan were present in less then 1% of stomachs. These results pointed a diversified diet explored by this crab, as well as the employment of some different methods for food intake. This suggested that these crabs could occupy different position in the trophic chain. Key words: Stomach contents, alimentary itens, spider crab INTRODUCTION Gouvêa, 1998).
    [Show full text]
  • Part I. an Annotated Checklist of Extant Brachyuran Crabs of the World
    THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2008 17: 1–286 Date of Publication: 31 Jan.2008 © National University of Singapore SYSTEMA BRACHYURORUM: PART I. AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF EXTANT BRACHYURAN CRABS OF THE WORLD Peter K. L. Ng Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore Email: [email protected] Danièle Guinot Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Département Milieux et peuplements aquatiques, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France Email: [email protected] Peter J. F. Davie Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT. – An annotated checklist of the extant brachyuran crabs of the world is presented for the first time. Over 10,500 names are treated including 6,793 valid species and subspecies (with 1,907 primary synonyms), 1,271 genera and subgenera (with 393 primary synonyms), 93 families and 38 superfamilies. Nomenclatural and taxonomic problems are reviewed in detail, and many resolved. Detailed notes and references are provided where necessary. The constitution of a large number of families and superfamilies is discussed in detail, with the positions of some taxa rearranged in an attempt to form a stable base for future taxonomic studies. This is the first time the nomenclature of any large group of decapod crustaceans has been examined in such detail. KEY WORDS. – Annotated checklist, crabs of the world, Brachyura, systematics, nomenclature. CONTENTS Preamble .................................................................................. 3 Family Cymonomidae .......................................... 32 Caveats and acknowledgements ............................................... 5 Family Phyllotymolinidae .................................... 32 Introduction .............................................................................. 6 Superfamily DROMIOIDEA ..................................... 33 The higher classification of the Brachyura ........................
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter Two Marine Organisms
    THE SINGAPORE BLUE PLAN 2018 EDITORS ZEEHAN JAAFAR DANWEI HUANG JANI THUAIBAH ISA TANZIL YAN XIANG OW NICHOLAS YAP PUBLISHED BY THE SINGAPORE INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY OCTOBER 2018 THE SINGAPORE BLUE PLAN 2018 PUBLISHER THE SINGAPORE INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY C/O NSSE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION 1 NANYANG WALK SINGAPORE 637616 CONTACT: [email protected] ISBN: 978-981-11-9018-6 COPYRIGHT © TEXT THE SINGAPORE INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY COPYRIGHT © PHOTOGRAPHS AND FIGURES BY ORINGAL CONTRIBUTORS AS CREDITED DATE OF PUBLICATION: OCTOBER 2018 EDITED BY: Z. JAAFAR, D. HUANG, J.T.I. TANZIL, Y.X. OW, AND N. YAP COVER DESIGN BY: ABIGAYLE NG THE SINGAPORE BLUE PLAN 2018 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The editorial team owes a deep gratitude to all contributors of The Singapore Blue Plan 2018 who have tirelessly volunteered their expertise and effort into this document. We are fortunate to receive the guidance and mentorship of Professor Leo Tan, Professor Chou Loke Ming, Professor Peter Ng, and Mr Francis Lim throughout the planning and preparation stages of The Blue Plan 2018. We are indebted to Dr. Serena Teo, Ms Ria Tan and Dr Neo Mei Lin who have made edits that improved the earlier drafts of this document. We are grateful to contributors of photographs: Heng Pei Yan, the Comprehensive Marine Biodiversity Survey photography team, Ria Tan, Sudhanshi Jain, Randolph Quek, Theresa Su, Oh Ren Min, Neo Mei Lin, Abraham Matthew, Rene Ong, van Heurn FC, Lim Swee Cheng, Tran Anh Duc, and Zarina Zainul. We thank The Singapore Institute of Biology for publishing and printing the The Singapore Blue Plan 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • 110 This Page Intentionally Left Blank
    110 This page intentionally left blank 111 Chapter Four Flora and Fauna 44444444444 112 Birds American kestrel Falco sparverius This bird is a small falcon that is about the size of a jay. It is also known as the Sparrow Hawk. American oystercatcher Haematopus palliatus This is a larger shorebird, up to twenty-one inches, with a American oystercatcher long bright orange- red beak and orange legs. This bird is very common in shelly/sandy areas and is known for being noisy. Barn owl Tyto alba A common owl, this is the only owl with a light colored, heart Barn owl shaped face. It has dark eyes and no ear tufts. Barred owl Strix varia This owl can reach up to twenty-four inches, and is greyish- brown in color. This owl prefers wooded areas. Barred owl Black-Crowned night heron Nyctiocorax nyctiocorax These birds are characterized by their squat bodies, and red eyes. They feed mostly at dusk, therefore they appear inactive during the day. They roost in trees, on shores and in marshes. Black skimmer Rhynchops niger Black-crowned night heron This distinctive black-and-white bird, with a knife-like red bill tipped in black, nests on sand fill from newly dredged areas. The lower bill is slightly longer than the upper . They are most likely to be seen skimming along the top of the water with the lower bill in the water to catch fish. Black skimmer 113 Birds Blue-winged teal Anas discors This is a small marsh duck that prefers fresher water estua- rine areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.First Record of the Association Between Lychnorhiza Lucerna
    Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research E-ISSN: 0718-560X [email protected] Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Chile Schiariti, Agustín; Sal Moyano, María Paz; Giberto, Diego A.; Mianzan, Hermes W. First record of the association between Lychnorhiza lucerna (Scyphozoa, Rhizostomeae) and Cyrtograpsus affinis (Decapoda, Varunidae) Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, vol. 40, núm. 4, noviembre, 2012, pp. 1090-1093 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Valparaiso, Chile Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=175025197026 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res., 40(4): 1090-1093, 2012 Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 1090 DOI: 10.3856/vol40-issue4-fulltext-25 Short Communication First record of the association between Lychnorhiza lucerna (Scyphozoa, Rhizostomeae) and Cyrtograpsus affinis (Decapoda, Varunidae) Agustín Schiariti1,2, María Paz Sal Moyano1, Diego A. Giberto1,2 & Hermes W. Mianzan1,2 1Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, CONICET Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Diagonal J.B. Alberdi 2695, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina 2Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP) Paseo V. Ocampo Nº1, Mar del Plata, Argentina ABSTRACT. We report the association between the jellyfish Lychnorhiza lucerna and the crab Cyrtograpsus affinis. Numerous examples of associations between medusae and brachyurans have been observed in the field and noted in the literature. All of these cases involve medusae of the Class Scyphozoa and crabs belonging to the families Majidae and Portunidae.
    [Show full text]
  • Larval Morphology of the Spider Crab Leurocyclus Tuberculosus (Decapoda: Majoidea: Inachoididae)
    Nauplius 17(1): 49-58, 2009 49 Larval morphology of the spider crab Leurocyclus tuberculosus (Decapoda: Majoidea: Inachoididae) William Santana and Fernando Marques (WS) Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré, 481, Ipiranga, 04263-000, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] (FM) Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Caixa Postal 11461, 05588-090, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Within the recently resurrected family Inachoididae is Leurocyclus tuberculosus, an inachoidid spider crab distributed throughout the Western Atlantic of South America from Brazil to Argentina (including Patagonia), and along the Eastern Pacific coast of Chile. The larval development of L. tuberculosus consists of two zoeal stages and one megalopa. We observed that the larval morphology of L. tuberculosus conforms to the general pattern found in Majoidea by having two zoeal stages, in which the first stage has nine or more seta on the scaphognatite of the maxilla, and the second zoeal stage present well developed pleopods. Here, we describe the larval morphology of L. tuberculosus and compare with other inachoidid members for which we have larval information. Key words: Larval development, Majidae, Zoeal stages, Megalopa, Crustacea, Leurocyclus. Introduction described. Larval stages of Anasimus latus Rath- bun, 1894 was the first one to be described by Few decades ago, the family Inachoididae Sandifer and Van Engel (1972). Following, Web- Dana, 1851 was resurrected by Drach and Gui- ber and Wear (1981) and Terada (1983) described not (1983; see also Drach and Guinot, 1982), the first zoeal stage of Pyromaia tuberculata (Lock- who considered that the morphological modifica- ington, 1877), which was completely described tions on the carapace and endophragmal skeleton by Fransozo and Negreiros-Fransozo (1997) and among some majoid genera granted to a set of re-described by Luppi and Spivak (2003).
    [Show full text]
  • Caretta Caretta) As Revealed by Stable Isotopes and Satellite Telemetry
    Mar Biol (2012) 159:1255–1267 DOI 10.1007/s00227-012-1906-9 ORIGINAL PAPER Distribution of foraging habitats of male loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) as revealed by stable isotopes and satellite telemetry Mariela Pajuelo · Karen A. Bjorndal · Kimberly J. Reich · Michael D. Arendt · Alan B. Bolten Received: 13 October 2011 / Accepted: 20 February 2012 / Published online: 7 March 2012 © Springer-Verlag 2012 Abstract Most studies on the foraging ecology of logger- Introduction head turtles (Caretta caretta) have focused on adult females and juveniles. Little is known about the foraging Knowledge of foraging ground distribution of highly patterns of adult male loggerheads. We analyzed tissues for migratory animals is critical for understanding their forag- carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes (13C and 15N) from ing behavior and habitat use. IdentiWcation of key habitats 29 adult male loggerheads tracked with satellite transmit- helps not only to characterize life history features of popu- ters from one breeding area in Florida, USA, to evaluate lations (Block et al. 2001), but also to assess the impact of their foraging habitats in the Northwest Atlantic (NWA). threats that populations may face (Hays et al. 2003). Most Our study revealed large variations in 13C and 15N and a eVorts to identify key habitats and movement patterns have correlation between both 13C and 15N and the latitude to used Xipper tags (Limpus et al. 1992), genetic markers which the loggerheads traveled after the mating season, (Bolker et al. 2007), chemical analysis (Thorrold et al. thus reXecting a geographic pattern in the isotopic signa- 2001), and electronic tagging (Block et al.
    [Show full text]
  • South Carolina Department of Natural Resources
    FOREWORD Abundant fish and wildlife, unbroken coastal vistas, miles of scenic rivers, swamps and mountains open to exploration, and well-tended forests and fields…these resources enhance the quality of life that makes South Carolina a place people want to call home. We know our state’s natural resources are a primary reason that individuals and businesses choose to locate here. They are drawn to the high quality natural resources that South Carolinians love and appreciate. The quality of our state’s natural resources is no accident. It is the result of hard work and sound stewardship on the part of many citizens and agencies. The 20th century brought many changes to South Carolina; some of these changes had devastating results to the land. However, people rose to the challenge of restoring our resources. Over the past several decades, deer, wood duck and wild turkey populations have been restored, striped bass populations have recovered, the bald eagle has returned and more than half a million acres of wildlife habitat has been conserved. We in South Carolina are particularly proud of our accomplishments as we prepare to celebrate, in 2006, the 100th anniversary of game and fish law enforcement and management by the state of South Carolina. Since its inception, the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR) has undergone several reorganizations and name changes; however, more has changed in this state than the department’s name. According to the US Census Bureau, the South Carolina’s population has almost doubled since 1950 and the majority of our citizens now live in urban areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Larval Development of Scyra Acutifrons (Crustacea: Decapoda: Epialtidae)
    Animal Cells and Systems Vol. 14, No. 4, December 2010, 333Á341 Larval development of Scyra acutifrons (Crustacea: Decapoda: Epialtidae) with a key from the northern Pacific Seong Mi Oh and Hyun Sook Ko* Department of Biological Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea (Received 23 June 2010; received in revised form 28 July 2010; accepted 2 August 2010) The larvae of Scyra acutifrons are described and illustrated for the first time. The larval stage consists of two zoeal and a megalopal stages. The zoea of S. acutifrons is compared with those of other known species of the Epialtidae from the northern Pacific. The zoea of Scyra acutifrons can be easily distinguished from that of S. compressipes by having a longer rostral carapace spine and an endopod of maxillule with three setae. It is found that the genus Scyra (Pisinae) shows a great similarity to Pisoides bidentatus (Pisinae) and the genus Pugettia (Epialtinae) in the family Epialtidae; especially, S. acutidens coincides well with two Pugettia species (Pugettia incisa and P. gracilis) in the characteristics of the zoeal mouthpart appendages. To facilitate the study of plankton-collected material, a provisional key to the known zoeae of the Epialtidae from the northern Pacific is provided. Keywords: Epialtidae; larva; Scyra acutifrons; Pugettia; zoeal morphology; key; northern Pacific Introduction individually at a water temperature of 15918 and The majoid family Epialtidae contains four subfami- salinity of 29.790.6. Each of the individually reared lies; Epialtinae, Pisinae, Pliosomatinae, and Tychinae zoeae was held in a plastic well containing 5Á6ml of (see Ng et al. 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • Reduced Mobility Is Associated with Compensatory Feeding and Increased Diet Breadth of Marine Crabs
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published November 3 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Reduced mobility is associated with compensatory feeding and increased diet breadth of marine crabs John J. Stachowicz*,Mark Hay8* University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences. Morehead City, North Carolina 28557. USA ABSTRACT: Direct effects of predation have been widely recognized as important in affecting prey population dynamics and evolution. However, less attention has been devoted to the consequences of indirect effects of predators on prey behavior. For example, to avoid predation many animals restrict their activities to physical refugia and adopt low-mobility Mestyles, yet the consequences of these anti- predator behaviors for foraging and diet selection are relatively unknown. In this study we examine the relationships between mobility, feeding preferences, and compensatory feeding for 3 species of marine decapod crabs feeding on seaweeds in North Carolina, USA. Low mobility and high site fidellty of crabs were associated with a broad, non-selective diet and compensatory feeding. The majid Mithrax forceps exhibited the lowest mobility, highest site fidelity, and least selective diet of the 3 species, whereas another majid Libinia dubia was intermehate in both rnobllity and selectivity, and the xanthid Panopeus herbstii had the greatest mobility and narrowest diet. Of these 3 crabs, only M. forceps com- pensated for low food quality by increasing consumption rates in single food-species feeding assays. This may be because M. forceps is resistant to (or tolerant of) seaweed chemical defenses, while other crab species are not. The ability to consume, and presumably subsist on, a wide variety of potential foods including those defended from more mobile consumers may facilitate a low-mobllity lifestyle, allowing the crab to minimize movement and reduce exposure to predators.
    [Show full text]
  • Further Notes on Crustacea Decapoda in the Indian Museum
    FURTHER NOTES ON CRUSTACEA DECAPODA IN THE INDIAN MUSEUM. VIII. ON THE DECAPOD CRUSTACEA COLLECTED BY THE BENGAL PILOT SERVICE OFF THE MOUTH OF THE RIVER HOOGHLY. BRACHYG­ NATHA (OXYRHYNCHA AND BRACHYRHYNCHA). By B. CHOPRA, D .Sc., Zoological Survey of I'fUlia, Oalcutta. (Plate IX.) The Dromiacea and the Oxystomata of the Sandheads, off the mouth of the Hooghly River, have already been dealt with in -the present seriee of notesl ; an account of the remaining crabs, comprising the tribe Brachygnatha, is given in this paper. Both the sub-tribes of the Bra­ ehygnatha, namely the Oxyrhyncha a.nd the Brachyrhyncha-the latter including all the crabs formerly grouped' under the old, well­ known and convenient names of Cyclometopa and Catometopa-are well represented at the Sandheads. In the Oxyrhyncha, the Maiidae have six representatives in the Sandheads fauna, all belonging to more or less common and widely distributed species, while the Parthenopidae are represented by two species only, one of.which is recorded from this locality for the first time. In the Brachyrhyncha the apparent scarcity of the Catometopes in this area is very remarkable; only one species of this large group of crabs, the somewhat rare Scalopidia spinosipes Stimpson (family Gonoplacidae) is present in the Sandheads collection. The Cyclometopa, on the other hand, seem to flourish in this locality, and are represented by t.hree families, Portunidae, Corystidae and Xanthidae. Of these the Portu-nidae are the commonest, both in species and in individuals. Some of t~e species of this family in the present collection are somewhat rare, and a number of these are recorded from the Sandheads for the first time.
    [Show full text]