DOCSLIB.ORG

And Kemp's Ridley (Lepidochelys Kempi) Sea Turtles in Virginia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
And Kemp's Ridley (Lepidochelys Kempi) Sea Turtles in Virginia W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2003 Historical Diet Analysis of Loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and Kemp's Ridley (Lepidochelys kempi) Sea Turtles in Virginia Erin E. Seney College of William and Mary - Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Fresh Water Studies Commons, Oceanography Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Seney, Erin E., "Historical Diet Analysis of Loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and Kemp's Ridley (Lepidochelys kempi) Sea Turtles in Virginia" (2003). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539617799. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.25773/v5-hc11-p771 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. H istorical diet Analysis of loggerhead {Ca r e t t a c a r e t t a) a n d KEMP’S RIDLEY (LEPIDOCHELYSKEMPT) SEA TURTLES IN VIRGINIA A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the School of Marine Science The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Erin E. Seney 2003 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Erin E. Seney Approved, April 2003 . Musick, Ph.D. Chairman/Advisor John M. Brubaker, Ph.D. Robert H. George, D.V.M. Head Veterinarian, NMFS and Virginia Marine Mammal and Sea Turtle Stranding Networks Gloucester, Virginia Roger~L. Mann, Ph.D. For my parents, Becky and Frank, for their love and encouragement over the years, and for my cat, Cuervo, who tolerated me when I smelled like turtle guts. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS....................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES.................................................................................................................vi LIST OF FIGURES..............................................................................................................viii ABSTRACT...........................................................................................................................xii INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................2 METHODS.............................................................................................................................14 Sample Collection...................................................................................................... 14 Data Collection.......................................................................................................... 17 Data Analysis............................................................................................................. 18 Diet descriptions...........................................................................................18 Diet comparisons..........................................................................................20 RESULTS...............................................................................................................................22 Loggerheads...............................................................................................................22 Interannual diet............................................................................................37 Size-specific diet...........................................................................................60 Sex-specific diet............................................................................................68 Interseasonal diet.........................................................................................68 Kemp’s Ridleys.........................................................................................................73 Interannual diet............................................................................................87 Interspecific Competition..........................................................................................93 DISCUSSION..................................................................................................................... 103 Loggerheads............................................................................................................103 Interannual diet.......................................................................................... 103 Size-specific diet.........................................................................................106 Sex-specific diet.........................................................................................106 Interseasonal diet.......................................................................................107 Kemp’s Ridleys.......................................................................................................107 Interspecific Competition....................................................................................... 108 Page Concluding Remarks ................................................................................................108 APPENDICES.....................................................................................................................110 LITERATURE CITED........................................................................................................ 115 PREY IDENTIFICATION REFERENCES.......................................................................122 VITA.................................................................................................................................... 123 iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my major advisor, Dr. John (Jack) Musick, for his support and guidance throughout this project. I am also grateful to my committee members, Drs. John Brubaker, Robert George, and Roger Mann, for their time and advice. Although he was not on my committee, Dr. David Evans provided much needed advice on data analysis and reviewed a draft of this thesis. Dr. John E. Graves served as moderator for both my qualifying exam and my defense. This study would not have been possible without the efforts made by many individuals throughout the VIMS Sea Turtle Program’s existence. As such, I would like to recognize and thank every VIMS student, employee, and volunteer, as well as the many state cooperators, who contributed to the collection of sea turtle gut samples and stranding data from 1980 to 2002. Roy Pemberton showed me the VIMS sampling protocol, and Meredith Fagan, Katy Frisch, Amber Knowles, and Anne Morrison helped me considerably with sample collection, sieving, and preservation during the 2001 and 2002 stranding seasons. I am also thankful to Trish Bargo, Lisa McFarland, Wendy Walton, and the other employees and volunteers from the Virginia Marine Science Museum Stranding Team who collected samples during 2001 and 2002. My ofificemate, Kate Mansfield, has taught me much about sea turtles, fieldwork, and the inner-workings of a turtle program, as well as being a willing proofreader and great friend. Jim Gartland provided valuable insight and assistance during all steps of my project, from the literature search to prospectus edits to data analysis. Julia Ellis assisted with many prey identifications and questions, as well as editing a thesis draft. Melanie Harbin of the VIMS Fish Collection helped with fish identification, answered many questions, and assisted me whenever I needed more preservation supplies. Ken Goldman, Chris Hager, Juli Harding, Beth Hinchey, Mike Vecchione, and John Walter also aided in various prey identifications. Bobby Harris helped me develop a Microsoft Access database to link my data to the existing turtle database. Joey Brown, Marilyn Lewis, Charles McFadden, and Diane Walker of the VIMS Library provided assistance finding reference materials at VIMS, with interlibrary loans, and in my search for horseshoe crab data. I am also grateful for the valuable reprints and correspondence provided by Mike Frick (Caretta Research Project, Georgia), Rom Lipcius (VIMS), Pamela Plotkin (East Tennessee State University), Carl Shuster (VIMS emeritus), and Dale Youngkin (formerly Florida Atlantic University). Stephanie Iverson, Rob O’Reilly, and Todd Watkins of the Virginia Marine Resources Commission answered countless questions and provided landings data. Lastly, I would like to thank my parents, Frank Seney and Becky Mazzarella; my sisters, Lauren and Megan; my brother, Kevin; and my grandparents for their support of my academic and scientific endeavors over the years. v LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. National Marine Fisheries Service condition codes for stranded sea turtles.......................16 2. Virginia Institute of Marine Science condition codes for stranded sea turtles.................... 16 3. Composition of loggerhead diet data and samples collected during 1980 to 2002...................................................................................................................................27 4. Percent occurrence of all prey items found in loggerhead samples from Virginia during 1983 to 2002 (n = 166) ...........................................................................45 5. Percent occurrence, percent dry weight, percent number,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Echinoidea Clypeasteroidea
    Biodiversity Journal, 2014, 5 (2): 291–358 Analysis of some astriclypeids (Echinoidea Clypeast- eroida) Paolo Stara1* & Luigi Sanciu2 1Centro Studi di Storia Naturale del Mediterraneo - Museo di Storia Naturale Aquilegia, Via Italia 63, Pirri-Cagliari and Geomuseo Monte Arci, Masullas, Oristano, Sardinia, Italy; e-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author The systematic position of some astriclypeid species assigned through times to the genera Amphiope L. Agassiz, 1840 and Echinodiscus Leske, 1778 is reviewed based on the plating ABSTRACT pattern characteristics of these two genera universally accepted, and on the results of new studies. A partial re-arrangement of the family Astriclypeidae Stefanini, 1912 is herein pro- posed, with the institution of Sculpsitechinus n. g. and Paraamphiope n. g., both of them char- acterized by a peculiar plating-structure of the interambulacrum 5 and of the ambulacra I and V. Some species previously attributed to Amphiope and Echinodiscus are transferred into these two new genera. Two new species of Astriclypeidae are established: Echinodiscus andamanensis n. sp. and Paraamphiope raimondii n. sp. Neotypes are proposed for Echin- odiscus tenuissimus L. Agassiz, 1840 and E. auritus Leske, 1778, since these species were still poorly defined, due to the loss of the holotypes and, for E. auritus, also to the unclear geographical/stratigraphical information about the type-locality. A number of additional nom- inal fossil and extant species of "Echinodiscus" needs revision based on the same method. KEY WORDS Astriclypeidae; Amphiope; Paraamphiope; Echinodiscus; Sculpsitechinus; Oligo-Miocene. Received 28.02.2014; accepted 14.03.2014; printed 30.06.2014 Paolo Stara (ed.). Studies on some astriclypeids (Echinoidea Clypeasteroida), pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Benthic Invertebrate Community Monitoring and Indicator Development for Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor Estuary
    July 15, 2013 Final Report Project SR12-002: Benthic Invertebrate Community Monitoring and Indicator Development for Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor Estuary Gary L. Taghon, Rutgers University, Project Manager [email protected] Judith P. Grassle, Rutgers University, Co-Manager [email protected] Charlotte M. Fuller, Rutgers University, Co-Manager [email protected] Rosemarie F. Petrecca, Rutgers University, Co-Manager and Quality Assurance Officer [email protected] Patricia Ramey, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt Germany, Co-Manager [email protected] Thomas Belton, NJDEP Project Manager and NJDEP Research Coordinator [email protected] Marc Ferko, NJDEP Quality Assurance Officer [email protected] Bob Schuster, NJDEP Bureau of Marine Water Monitoring [email protected] Introduction The Barnegat Bay ecosystem is potentially under stress from human impacts, which have increased over the past several decades. Benthic macroinvertebrates are commonly included in studies to monitor the effects of human and natural stresses on marine and estuarine ecosystems. There are several reasons for this. Macroinvertebrates (here defined as animals retained on a 0.5-mm mesh sieve) are abundant in most coastal and estuarine sediments, typically on the order of 103 to 104 per meter squared. Benthic communities are typically composed of many taxa from different phyla, and quantitative measures of community diversity (e.g., Rosenberg et al. 2004) and the relative abundance of animals with different feeding behaviors (e.g., Weisberg et al. 1997, Pelletier et al. 2010), can be used to evaluate ecosystem health. Because most benthic invertebrates are sedentary as adults, they function as integrators, over periods of months to years, of the properties of their environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Conspecific Competition Leads to Incomplete Drill Holes in the Naticid Gastropod Neverita Delessertiana (R Cluz) Jack A
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School January 2012 No Honor Among Snails: Conspecific Competition Leads to Incomplete Drill Holes in the Naticid Gastropod Neverita delessertiana (R cluz) Jack A. Hutchings University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Scholar Commons Citation Hutchings, Jack A., "No Honor Among Snails: Conspecific ompeC tition Leads to Incomplete Drill Holes in the Naticid Gastropod Neverita delessertiana (R cluz)" (2012). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4336 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. No Honor Among Snails: Conspecific Competition Leads to Incomplete Drill Holes in the Naticid Gastropod Neverita delessertiana (Récluz) by Jack A. Hutchings A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Department of Geology College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Gregory Herbert, Ph.D. Peter Harries, Ph.D. H.L. Vacher, Ph.D. Date of Approval: November, 16, 2012 Keywords: Prey Effectiveness, Failure, Predation, Experimental, Ecology Copyright © 2012, Jack A. Hutchings Acknowledgments I am thankful to all those involved in my research and life during the completion of my thesis. My wife, Angela, has been a constant source of support throughout this time. She has been ever willing to listen to my ponderings and problems about snails and clams and life.
    [Show full text]
  • Horseshoe Crab Limulus Polyphemus
    Supplemental Volume: Species of Conservation Concern SC SWAP 2015 Atlantic Horseshoe Crab Limulus polyphemus Contributor (2005): Elizabeth Wenner (SCDNR) Reviewed and Edited (2013): Larry Delancey and Peter Kingsley-Smith [SCDNR] DESCRITPION Taxonomy and Basic Description Despite their name, horseshoe crabs are not true crabs. The Atlantic horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, is the only member of the Arthropoda subclass Xiphosura found in the Atlantic. Unlike true crabs, which have 2 pairs of antennae, a pair of jaws and 5pairs of legs, horseshoe crabs lack antennae and jaws and have 7 pairs of legs, including a pair of chelicerae. Chelicerae are appendages similar to those used by spiders and scorpions for grasping and crushing. In addition, horseshoe crabs have book lungs, similar to spiders and different from crabs, which have gills. Thus, horseshoe crabs are more closely related to spiders and scorpions than they are to other crabs. Their carapace is divided into three sections: the anterior portion is the prosoma; the middle section is the opithosoma; and the “tail” is called the telson. Horseshoe crabs have two pairs of eyes located on the prosoma, one anterior set of simple eyes, and one set of lateral compound eyes similar to those of insects. In addition, they possess a series of photoreceptors on the opithosoma and telson (Shuster 1982). Horseshoe crabs are long-lived animals. After attaining sexual maturity at 9 to 12 years of age, they may live for another 10 years or more. Like other arthropods, horseshoe crabs must molt in order to grow. As the horseshoe crab ages, more and more time passes between molts, with 16 to 19 molts occurring before a crab becomes mature, stops growing, and switches energy expenditure to reproduction.
    [Show full text]
  • Neverita Delessertiana
    Zootaxa 1257: 1–25 (2006) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA 1257 Copyright © 2006 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Neverita delessertiana (Récluz in Chenu, 1843): a naticid species (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda) distinct from Neverita duplicata (Say, 1822) based on molecular data, morphological characters, and geographical distribution THOMAS HÜLSKEN, MARINA CLEMMENSEN & MICHAEL HOLLMANN Thomas Hülsken, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany, tho- [email protected] Marina Clemmensen, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany Michael Hollmann, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany, [email protected] Abstract The members of the caenogastropod family Naticidae show highly conserved morphological characters, which in many cases complicate species separation. In such cases DNA sequence analysis may help to distinguish between species. In this work partial sequences from the small mitochondrial ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene, the small nuclear ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene, a short intron of the nuclear calmodulin (Cal) gene, and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene are shown to differ significantly between the genomes of what generally had been considered to be merely two morphological variants of the common Western Atlantic naticid Neverita duplicata (Say, 1822). Sequence differences between the two forms of Neverita duplicata are similar to differences between either of these two forms and the Eastern Pacific Neverita reclusiana (Deshayes, 1839), the Indopacific Neverita didyma (Röding, 1798), and the Mediterranean Neverita josephinia (Risso, 1826). The COI sequences divergence between the two forms of Neverita duplicata is in the range of the average COI sequences divergence reported for congeneric species of Mollusca (Hebert 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • Misc Thesisdb Bythesissuperv
    Honors Theses 2006 to August 2020 These records are for reference only and should not be used for an official record or count by major or thesis advisor. Contact the Honors office for official records. Honors Year of Student Student's Honors Major Thesis Title (with link to Digital Commons where available) Thesis Supervisor Thesis Supervisor's Department Graduation Accounting for Intangible Assets: Analysis of Policy Changes and Current Matthew Cesca 2010 Accounting Biggs,Stanley Accounting Reporting Breaking the Barrier- An Examination into the Current State of Professional Rebecca Curtis 2014 Accounting Biggs,Stanley Accounting Skepticism Implementation of IFRS Worldwide: Lessons Learned and Strategies for Helen Gunn 2011 Accounting Biggs,Stanley Accounting Success Jonathan Lukianuk 2012 Accounting The Impact of Disallowing the LIFO Inventory Method Biggs,Stanley Accounting Charles Price 2019 Accounting The Impact of Blockchain Technology on the Audit Process Brown,Stephen Accounting Rebecca Harms 2013 Accounting An Examination of Rollforward Differences in Tax Reserves Dunbar,Amy Accounting An Examination of Microsoft and Hewlett Packard Tax Avoidance Strategies Anne Jensen 2013 Accounting Dunbar,Amy Accounting and Related Financial Statement Disclosures Measuring Tax Aggressiveness after FIN 48: The Effect of Multinational Status, Audrey Manning 2012 Accounting Dunbar,Amy Accounting Multinational Size, and Disclosures Chelsey Nalaboff 2015 Accounting Tax Inversions: Comparing Corporate Characteristics of Inverted Firms Dunbar,Amy Accounting Jeffrey Peterson 2018 Accounting The Tax Implications of Owning a Professional Sports Franchise Dunbar,Amy Accounting Brittany Rogan 2015 Accounting A Creative Fix: The Persistent Inversion Problem Dunbar,Amy Accounting Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act: The Most Revolutionary Piece of Tax Szwakob Alexander 2015D Accounting Dunbar,Amy Accounting Legislation Since the Introduction of the Income Tax Prasant Venimadhavan 2011 Accounting A Proposal Against Book-Tax Conformity in the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Caretta Caretta) As Revealed by Stable Isotopes and Satellite Telemetry
    Mar Biol (2012) 159:1255–1267 DOI 10.1007/s00227-012-1906-9 ORIGINAL PAPER Distribution of foraging habitats of male loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) as revealed by stable isotopes and satellite telemetry Mariela Pajuelo · Karen A. Bjorndal · Kimberly J. Reich · Michael D. Arendt · Alan B. Bolten Received: 13 October 2011 / Accepted: 20 February 2012 / Published online: 7 March 2012 © Springer-Verlag 2012 Abstract Most studies on the foraging ecology of logger- Introduction head turtles (Caretta caretta) have focused on adult females and juveniles. Little is known about the foraging Knowledge of foraging ground distribution of highly patterns of adult male loggerheads. We analyzed tissues for migratory animals is critical for understanding their forag- carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes (13C and 15N) from ing behavior and habitat use. IdentiWcation of key habitats 29 adult male loggerheads tracked with satellite transmit- helps not only to characterize life history features of popu- ters from one breeding area in Florida, USA, to evaluate lations (Block et al. 2001), but also to assess the impact of their foraging habitats in the Northwest Atlantic (NWA). threats that populations may face (Hays et al. 2003). Most Our study revealed large variations in 13C and 15N and a eVorts to identify key habitats and movement patterns have correlation between both 13C and 15N and the latitude to used Xipper tags (Limpus et al. 1992), genetic markers which the loggerheads traveled after the mating season, (Bolker et al. 2007), chemical analysis (Thorrold et al. thus reXecting a geographic pattern in the isotopic signa- 2001), and electronic tagging (Block et al.
    [Show full text]
  • South Carolina Department of Natural Resources
    FOREWORD Abundant fish and wildlife, unbroken coastal vistas, miles of scenic rivers, swamps and mountains open to exploration, and well-tended forests and fields…these resources enhance the quality of life that makes South Carolina a place people want to call home. We know our state’s natural resources are a primary reason that individuals and businesses choose to locate here. They are drawn to the high quality natural resources that South Carolinians love and appreciate. The quality of our state’s natural resources is no accident. It is the result of hard work and sound stewardship on the part of many citizens and agencies. The 20th century brought many changes to South Carolina; some of these changes had devastating results to the land. However, people rose to the challenge of restoring our resources. Over the past several decades, deer, wood duck and wild turkey populations have been restored, striped bass populations have recovered, the bald eagle has returned and more than half a million acres of wildlife habitat has been conserved. We in South Carolina are particularly proud of our accomplishments as we prepare to celebrate, in 2006, the 100th anniversary of game and fish law enforcement and management by the state of South Carolina. Since its inception, the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR) has undergone several reorganizations and name changes; however, more has changed in this state than the department’s name. According to the US Census Bureau, the South Carolina’s population has almost doubled since 1950 and the majority of our citizens now live in urban areas.
    [Show full text]
  • H1.1 Open Water
    PAGE .............................................................. 392 ▼ H1.1 OPEN WATER The open-water offshore habitat covers an area of by which solar energy enters the marine ecosystem, Nova Scotia larger than the land mass, and includes similar to the layer of plants on land. The ocean H1.1 Open Water salt water in inlets, bays and estuaries. The water waters are distinctive in having fostered the origins and the organisms it supports are the primary means of life on the planet. Plate H1.1.1: Right Whale, north of Brier Island (Unit 912). Photo: BIOS Habitats Natural History of Nova Scotia, Volume I © Nova Scotia Museum of Natural History .............................................................. PAGE 393 ▼ FORMATION PLANTS Oceans are formed as part of major geological events. The plants of the open ocean are almost entirely Nova Scotia’s open-ocean habitats are part of the microscopic algae, collectively known as phyto- Atlantic Ocean, which opened during the Jurassic plankton. Many different species occur, including Period and has been in continuous existence ever representatives of the prochlorophytes (blue-green since. The quality and depth of the water column algae—evolutionary intermediates between bacteria have fluctuated in relation to post-glacial climatic and algae), diatoms, dinoflagellates, chrysomonads, conditions. cryptomonads, minute flagellates and unicellular reproductive stages of macroscopic algae. Phyto- H1.1 PHYSICAL ASPECTS plankton are often grouped in size classes: Open Water 1. Water conditions, such as salinity, temperature, macroplankton: 200–2000 micrometres, includes ice-formation, turbidity, light penetration, tides larger diatoms. and currents, are extremely variable in the microplankton: 20–200 micrometres, includes waters offshore. most diatoms. 2. Air-water interaction, surface-water turbulence nanoplankton: 2–20 micrometres, includes determines the level of wave and gas exchange.
    [Show full text]
  • Reduced Mobility Is Associated with Compensatory Feeding and Increased Diet Breadth of Marine Crabs
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published November 3 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Reduced mobility is associated with compensatory feeding and increased diet breadth of marine crabs John J. Stachowicz*,Mark Hay8* University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences. Morehead City, North Carolina 28557. USA ABSTRACT: Direct effects of predation have been widely recognized as important in affecting prey population dynamics and evolution. However, less attention has been devoted to the consequences of indirect effects of predators on prey behavior. For example, to avoid predation many animals restrict their activities to physical refugia and adopt low-mobility Mestyles, yet the consequences of these anti- predator behaviors for foraging and diet selection are relatively unknown. In this study we examine the relationships between mobility, feeding preferences, and compensatory feeding for 3 species of marine decapod crabs feeding on seaweeds in North Carolina, USA. Low mobility and high site fidellty of crabs were associated with a broad, non-selective diet and compensatory feeding. The majid Mithrax forceps exhibited the lowest mobility, highest site fidelity, and least selective diet of the 3 species, whereas another majid Libinia dubia was intermehate in both rnobllity and selectivity, and the xanthid Panopeus herbstii had the greatest mobility and narrowest diet. Of these 3 crabs, only M. forceps com- pensated for low food quality by increasing consumption rates in single food-species feeding assays. This may be because M. forceps is resistant to (or tolerant of) seaweed chemical defenses, while other crab species are not. The ability to consume, and presumably subsist on, a wide variety of potential foods including those defended from more mobile consumers may facilitate a low-mobllity lifestyle, allowing the crab to minimize movement and reduce exposure to predators.
    [Show full text]
  • Horseshoe Crab Genomes Reveal the Evolutionary Fates of Genes and Micrornas After 2 Three Rounds (3R) of Whole Genome Duplication
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.16.045815; this version posted April 18, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Horseshoe crab genomes reveal the evolutionary fates of genes and microRNAs after 2 three rounds (3R) of whole genome duplication 3 Wenyan Nong1,^, Zhe Qu1,^, Yiqian Li1,^, Tom Barton-Owen1,^, Annette Y.P. Wong1,^, Ho 4 Yin Yip1, Hoi Ting Lee1, Satya Narayana1, Tobias Baril2, Thomas Swale3, Jianquan Cao1, 5 Ting Fung Chan4, Hoi Shan Kwan5, Ngai Sai Ming4, Gianni Panagiotou6,16, Pei-Yuan Qian7, 6 Jian-Wen Qiu8, Kevin Y. Yip9, Noraznawati Ismail10, Siddhartha Pati11, 17, 18, Akbar John12, 7 Stephen S. Tobe13, William G. Bendena14, Siu Gin Cheung15, Alexander Hayward2, Jerome 8 H.L. Hui1,* 9 10 1. School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of 11 Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China 12 2. University of Exeter, United Kingdom 13 3. Dovetail Genomics, United States of America 14 4. State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 15 China 16 5. School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China 17 6. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, China 18 7. Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering 19 Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China 20 8. Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, China 21 9.
    [Show full text]
  • OREGON ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES an Illustrated Guide to the Common and Important Invertebrate Animals
    OREGON ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES An Illustrated Guide to the Common and Important Invertebrate Animals By Paul Rudy, Jr. Lynn Hay Rudy Oregon Institute of Marine Biology University of Oregon Charleston, Oregon 97420 Contract No. 79-111 Project Officer Jay F. Watson U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 500 N.E. Multnomah Street Portland, Oregon 97232 Performed for National Coastal Ecosystems Team Office of Biological Services Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Department of Interior Washington, D.C. 20240 Table of Contents Introduction CNIDARIA Hydrozoa Aequorea aequorea ................................................................ 6 Obelia longissima .................................................................. 8 Polyorchis penicillatus 10 Tubularia crocea ................................................................. 12 Anthozoa Anthopleura artemisia ................................. 14 Anthopleura elegantissima .................................................. 16 Haliplanella luciae .................................................................. 18 Nematostella vectensis ......................................................... 20 Metridium senile .................................................................... 22 NEMERTEA Amphiporus imparispinosus ................................................ 24 Carinoma mutabilis ................................................................ 26 Cerebratulus californiensis .................................................. 28 Lineus ruber .........................................................................
    [Show full text]