DOCSLIB.ORG

Redalyc.Meristematic Activity of the Endodermis and the Pericycle In

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Redalyc.Meristematic Activity of the Endodermis and the Pericycle In Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ISSN: 0001-3765 [email protected] Academia Brasileira de Ciências Brasil L. de Menezes, Nanuza; C. Silva, Delmira; C.O. Arruda, Rosani; Melo-De-Pinna, Gladys F.; A. Cardoso, Vanessa; M. Castro, Neuza; L. Scatena, Vera; Scremin-Dias, Edna Meristematic activity of the Endodermis and the Pericycle in the primary thickening in monocotyledons. Considerations on the "PTM" Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, vol. 77, núm. 2, jun., 2005, pp. 259-274 Academia Brasileira de Ciências Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=32777206 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2005) 77(2): 259-274 (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) ISSN 0001-3765 www.scielo.br/aabc Meristematic activity of the Endodermis and the Pericycle in the primary thickening in monocotyledons. Considerations on the “PTM” NANUZA L. DE MENEZES1, DELMIRA C. SILVA2, ROSANI C.O. ARRUDA3, GLADYS F. MELO-DE-PINNA1, VANESSA A. CARDOSO1, NEUZA M. CASTRO4, VERA L. SCATENA5 and EDNA SCREMIN-DIAS6 1Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências Rua do Matão 277, Travessa 14, Cx. Postal 11461, Cidade Universitária, 05422-970 São Paulo, SP, Brasil 2Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Biologia Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Km16, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, 45662-000 Ilhéus, BA, Brasil 3Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Av. Pasteur 458, 22290-240 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil 4Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Biologia Campus Umuarama, Bloco 2D, Sala 28, 3840-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brasil 5Universidade Estadual de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, Departamento de Botânica Av. 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brasil 6Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde(CCBS, DBI) Laboratório de Botânica, Cx. Postal 649, 74070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brasil Manuscript received on February 11, 2005; accepted for publication on February 16, 2005; contributed by Nanuza L. de Menezes* ABSTRACT This paper proposes a new interpretation for primary thickening in monocotyledons. The anatomy of the vegetative organs of the following species was examined: Cephalostemon riedelianus (Rapataceae), Cyperus papyrus (Cyperaceae), Lagenocarpus rigidus, L. junciformis (Cyperaceae), Echinodorus paniculatus (Alis- mataceae) and Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae). The endodermis with meristematic activity was observed in the root of all the species, in the stem of Cyperus, Cephalostemum and Lagenocarpus rigidus, and in the leaf trace of Cyperus and leaf of Echinodorus. Considering the continuity of tissues through the root, stem and leaf, the authors conclude that in the stem the pericycle remains active throughout the life of the plant as the generator of the vascular tissue. The “Primary Thickening Meristem” is in fact the pericycle plus the endodermis and its derivatives (or only the pericycle). Close to the stem apex, the assemblage of seems to be a unique meristem, giving rise to the inner cortex and vascular tissues. Key words: Cephalostemon, Cyperus, Echinodorus, Lagenocarpus, Zingiber, meristematic endodermis, pericycle, primary thickening. INTRODUCTION Since the 19th Century, researchers have presented *Member Academia Brasileira de Ciências Correspondence to: Nanuza L. de Menezes proposals in an attempt to understand the tissues that E-mail: [email protected] form the primary body of a monocotyledon stem, An Acad Bras Cienc (2005) 77 (2) 260 NANUZA L. DE MENEZES ET AL. in particular, the limit zone between the cortex and histochemical system, and all these cells develop or the vascular cylinder. According to Mangin (1882), are induced to develop Casparian strips. Van Fleet this zone has been given different denomina- (1961) admits, as a sine qua non condition, the en- tions, such as the “pericambium”, “perimeristem”, dodermis as the inner cortex layer in the root, stem “properimeristem”, “generating zone”, “couche and petiole; and the inner layer of the mesophyll. dyctiogène”, and “thickening ring”. However, there The author draws attention to the fact that many au- has general agreement that this zone is made up of thors denominate the endodermis as “endodermoid adventitious roots. layer” when it presents Casparian strips in the stem More recently, authors attempting to un- and leaves, a term with which he does not agree. derstand this region have admitted the presence of a Another aspect which has been somewhat ne- primary thickening meristem (PTM), which is re- glected, is the radial disposition of the cortex cells sponsible for the primary thickening of the stem of the roots of mono and dicotyledons, a radiation in virtually all monocotyledons, as Rudall (1991) which originates in the cells of the endodermis. Ac- clearly demonstrates in her revision work on the cording to Mangin (1882), the root cortex of mono- PTM. For the same author (Rudall 1991) and oth- cotyledons consists of two regions: the external re- ers (especially Cheadle 1937, DeMason 1979a, b, gion, with disorganized parenchymatous cells, and 1980, 1983, Stevenson and Fisher 1980, DeMason the internal region, with cells organized in radial and Wilson 1985, Gifford and Bayer 1995), the rows. Of those who attempted to interpret these function of promoting the formation of adventitious radial rows of cells, the pioneers were Williams roots has also been attributed to the PTM. (1947), Hurst (1956 apud Van Fleet 1961) and Van Also according to Rudall (1991), some authors Fleet (1961). admit that the PTM corresponds to the pericyclic Williams (1947), while studying the apical region of the stem. Tomlinson and Zimmermann meristem, as well as the primary tissues in 74 species (1969, p. 174) states, literally, that “The problem of monocotyledons and 105 species of dicotyledons, was to decide whether there was a region in the demonstrated the presence of a layer of cells, which monocotyledonous stem, to which the term “peri- he denominated the plerome, a layer which would cycle” could be given. This is an entirely artificial later differentiate into the endodermis. Cortical cells concept, since in most monocotyledonous stems, the in all the roots investigated were produced by the cortex and central cylinder each end where the other rapid division of this layer of cells, and the arrange- begins”. ment of the cortical cells in relationship to the en- Another theme which has generated much dodermal layer, suggests the meristematic nature of polemic debate is the presence of the endodermis this layer, functioning as a true cambium. Following in the stem and leaves. In his extraordinary revi- the work of Williams (1947), Hurst (1956 apud Van sion work, Van Fleet (1961) demonstrates, giving a Fleet 1961) describes the same type of division in wealth of data and details, the presence of the en- Smilax as the results of a pro-endodermis, and hence dodermis in these organs. According to this author, Van Fleet (1961) refer to the endodermis as meris- although in the root (and underground stems) it can tematic. Heimsch (1951), studying the development be characterized by the presence of the Casparian of vascular tissue in the roots of barley, mentions strips, suberized walls or unilaterial deposits of cel- the works of Williams (1947), as being in agree- lulose in the aerial stems and leaves, it may or may ment with his own. However, in the roots of Pisum not present Casparian strips and other characteris- sativum, this same layer was referred to as a pro- tics, denominated “starch sheath”, “bundle sheath”, endodermal layer (Popham 1955), and again, more “border parenchyma” and “mestome sheath”. How- recently, in Trifolium (Mueller 1991), Hydrocharis ever, these varied types of cells produce the same morsus-ranae (Seago et al. 1999), and in Typha An Acad Bras Cienc (2005) 77 (2) PRIMARY THICKENING IN MONOCOTYLEDONS 261 glaucai (Seago and Scholey 1999). the vouchers were deposited in the departmental Urano and Menezes (1996), with Cephaloste- herbarium (SPF). mon riedelianus, and Conceição and Menezes Rhizomes of Cephalostemon riedelianus Ko- (1996), with Nymphoides indica, refer to these ra- ern (Rapateaceae), N. Menezes 1347 b (SPF), and of diate layers as the result of “mother cells of the en- Lagenocarpus rigidus (Kunth.) Nees (Cyperaceae), dodermis”. On the other hand, Melo-de-Pinna and Vitta 690 (UEC), L. junciformis (Kunth) O. Kunth, Menezes (2003) refer to these layers as being the re- Vitta 540 (UEC) were collected at Serra do Cipó sults of meristematic activity of the endodermis, fol- (MG). Leaves of Echinodorus paniculatus Micheli lowingWilliams (1947) andVan Fleet (1961). Chea- (Alismataceae) were collected in Mato Grosso do dle (1937), observes the presence of radiate growth Sul, E. Scremin-Dias s/n (SPF 136.463). in the cortex of the root in Dracaena goldieana, The rhizomes of Cephalostemon and Lageno- external to the intact endodermis, and names this ra- carpus, as well as the leaves of Echinodorus, were diate region a “secondary cambial zone”. Guillaud fixed in FAA (Johansen 1940); following dehydra- (1878), referring to the same region also mentions a tion in ethanol series, the material was conserved “meristem external to the endodermis”, in reference in ethanol 70%. After inclusion in paraffin, histo- to the same region of radiate cortical cells. logical sections varying from 10 to 15 µm in thick- According to Cheadle (1937), there is no clear ness were prepared according to standard techniques differentiation of tissues on the cauline apex, and (Sass 1951, Johansen 1940). Later, the sections it therefore seems impossible to detect which layer were stained with astra blue and safranin (Bukatsch originates what he denominates as a “thickening 1972), concomitant with a double staining of crys- ring”.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Supplementary Data Sterner, Beckett* and Scott Lidgard. (Under Revision
    Supplementary Data Sterner, Beckett* and Scott Lidgard. (Under revision) “Moving Past the Systematics Wars.” Journal of the History of Biology. *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Table S1 Examples of additive coding procedures used in conjuction with both phenetic & cladistic methodologies. Methods Taxa & Characters Use of additive Publication coding phenetic hyphomycetes fungi; phenetic Kendrick & Proctor morphology 1964 phenetic helminthosporium phenetic Ibrahim & Threlfall fungi; morphology, 1966 pathogenicity, physiology, biochemistry phenetic Listeria, Streptococci, phenetic Davis et al. 1969 related bacteria; morphology, biochemistry, sediment phenetic Agrobacterium; phenetic Kesters et al. 1973 morphology, biochemistry phenetic fossil nummulitid phenetic Barnett 1974 foraminifera; morphology phenetic anaerobic bacteria; phenetic Holmberg & Nord morphology, 1975 biochemistry phenetic actinomycete bacteria; phenetic Goodfellow et al. morphology, 1979 biochemistry phenetic freshwater sediment phenetic Mallory & Sayler bacteria; morphology, 1984 biochemistry phenetic nemerteans; phenetic Sundberg 1985 morphology, ecology, development phenetic rhodococci bacteria; phenetic Goodfellow et al. morphology, 1990 biochemistry phenetic actinomycete bacteria; phenetic O'Donnell et al. 1993 morphology, biochemistry phenetic Bacillus bacteria; phenetic Nielsen et al. 1995 biochemistry, DNA base composition phenetic fossil crinoids; skeletal phenetic Deline & Ausich 2011 morphology phenetic fossil crinoids; skeletal phenetic
    [Show full text]
  • "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
    Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment.
    [Show full text]
  • Homologies of Floral Structures in Velloziaceae with Particular Reference to the Corona Author(S): Maria Das Graças Sajo, Renato De Mello‐Silva, and Paula J
    Homologies of Floral Structures in Velloziaceae with Particular Reference to the Corona Author(s): Maria das Graças Sajo, Renato de Mello‐Silva, and Paula J. Rudall Source: International Journal of Plant Sciences, Vol. 171, No. 6 (July/August 2010), pp. 595- 606 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/653132 . Accessed: 07/02/2014 10:53 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to International Journal of Plant Sciences. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 186.217.234.18 on Fri, 7 Feb 2014 10:53:04 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Int. J. Plant Sci. 171(6):595–606. 2010. Ó 2010 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 1058-5893/2010/17106-0003$15.00 DOI: 10.1086/653132 HOMOLOGIES OF FLORAL STRUCTURES IN VELLOZIACEAE WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE CORONA Maria das Grac¸as Sajo,* Renato de Mello-Silva,y and Paula J. Rudall1,z *Departamento de Botaˆnica, Instituto de Biocieˆncias, Universidade
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Species List for Bob Janes Preserve
    Plant Species List for Bob Janes Preserve Scientific and Common names obtained from Wunderlin 2013 Scientific Name Common Name Status EPPC FDA IRC FNAI Family: Azollaceae (mosquito fern) Azolla caroliniana mosquito fern native R Family: Blechnaceae (mid-sorus fern) Blechnum serrulatum swamp fern native Woodwardia virginica Virginia chain fern native R Family: Dennstaedtiaceae (cuplet fern) Pteridium aquilinum braken fern native Family: Nephrolepidaceae (sword fern) Nephrolepis cordifolia tuberous sword fern exotic II Nephrolepis exaltata wild Boston fern native Family: Ophioglossaceae (adder's-tongue) Ophioglossum palmatum hand fern native E I G4/S2 Family: Osmundaceae (royal fern) Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern native CE R Osmunda regalis royal fern native CE R Family: Polypodiaceae (polypody) Campyloneurum phyllitidis long strap fern native Phlebodium aureum golden polypody native Pleopeltis polypodioides resurrection fern native Family: Psilotaceae (whisk-fern) Psilotum nudum whisk-fern native Family: Pteridaceae (brake fern) Acrostichum danaeifolium giant leather fern native Pteris vittata China ladder break exotic II Family: Salviniaceae (floating fern) Salvinia minima water spangles exotic I Family: Schizaeaceae (curly-grass) Lygodium japonicum Japanese climbing fern exotic I Lygodium microphyllum small-leaf climbing fern exotic I Family: Thelypteridaceae (marsh fern) Thelypteris interrupta hottentot fern native Thelypteris kunthii widespread maiden fern native Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens marsh fern native R Family: Vittariaceae
    [Show full text]
  • Alcantarea (Bromeliaceae) Leaf Anatomical Characterization and Its Systematic Implications
    Nordic Journal of Botany 28: 385Á397, 2010 doi: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2010.00727.x, # The Authors. Journal compilation # Nordic Journal of Botany 2010 Subject Editors: Guido Grimm and Thomas Denk. Accepted 26 April 2010 Alcantarea (Bromeliaceae) leaf anatomical characterization and its systematic implications Leonardo M. Versieux, Paula Maria Elbl, Maria das Grac¸as Lapa Wanderley and Nanuza Luiza de Menezes L. M. Versieux ([email protected]), Depto de Botaˆnica, Ecologia e Zoologia, Univ. Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59072- 970, Brazil. Á P. M. Elbl and N. Luiza de Menezes, Depto de Botaˆnica, Inst. de Biocieˆncias, Univ. de Sa˜o Paulo, Rua do Mata˜o, trav. 14, n. 321, Sa˜o Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil. Á M. das Grac¸as Lapa Wanderley, Inst. de Botaˆnica, Caixa Postal 3005, Sa˜o Paulo, SP, 01061- 970, Brazil. Alcantarea (Bromeliaceae) has 26 species that are endemic to eastern Brazil, occurring mainly on gneissÁgranitic rock outcrops (‘inselbergs’). Alcantarea has great ornamental potential and several species are cultivated in gardens. Limited data is available in the literature regarding the leaf anatomical features of the genus, though it has been shown that it may provide valuable information for characterizing of Bromeliaceae taxa. In the present work, we employed leaf anatomy to better characterize the genus and understand its radiation into harsh environments, such as inselbergs. We also searched for characteristics potentially useful in phylogenetic analyses and in delimiting Alcantarea and Vriesea. The anatomical features of the leaves, observed for various Alcantarea species, are in accordance with the general pattern shown by other Bromeliaceae members.
    [Show full text]
  • Cyperaceae of Puerto Rico. Arturo Gonzalez-Mas Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1964 Cyperaceae of Puerto Rico. Arturo Gonzalez-mas Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Gonzalez-mas, Arturo, "Cyperaceae of Puerto Rico." (1964). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 912. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/912 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been 64—8802 microfilmed exactly as received GONZALEZ—MAS, Arturo, 1923- CYPERACEAE OF PUERTO RICO. Louisiana State University, Ph.D., 1964 B o ta n y University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan CYPERACEAE OF PUERTO RICO A Dissertation I' Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Botany and Plant Pathology by Arturo Gonzalez-Mas B.S., University of Puerto Rico, 1945 M.S., North Carolina State College, 1952 January, 1964 PLEASE NOTE: Not original copy. Small and unreadable print on some maps. Filmed as received. UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS, INC. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The author wishes to express his sincere gratitude to Dr. Clair A. Brown for his interest, guidance, and encouragement during the course of this investigation and for his helpful criticism in the preparation of the manuscript and illustrations.
    [Show full text]
  • National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands 1996
    National List of Vascular Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary Indicator by Region and Subregion Scientific Name/ North North Central South Inter- National Subregion Northeast Southeast Central Plains Plains Plains Southwest mountain Northwest California Alaska Caribbean Hawaii Indicator Range Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes FACU FACU UPL UPL,FACU Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. FAC FACW FAC,FACW Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. NI NI NI NI NI UPL UPL Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. FACU FACU FACU Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. FACU-* NI FACU-* Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. NI NI FACU+ FACU- FACU FAC UPL UPL,FAC Abies magnifica A. Murr. NI UPL NI FACU UPL,FACU Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. f.) Kral FACW+ FAC+ FAC+,FACW+ Abutilon theophrasti Medik. UPL FACU- FACU- UPL UPL UPL UPL UPL NI NI UPL,FACU- Acacia choriophylla Benth. FAC* FAC* Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. FACU NI NI* NI NI FACU Acacia greggii Gray UPL UPL FACU FACU UPL,FACU Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. NI FAC FAC Acacia minuta ssp. minuta (M.E. Jones) Beauchamp FACU FACU Acaena exigua Gray OBL OBL Acalypha bisetosa Bertol. ex Spreng. FACW FACW Acalypha virginica L. FACU- FACU- FAC- FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acalypha virginica var. rhomboidea (Raf.) Cooperrider FACU- FAC- FACU FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acanthocereus tetragonus (L.) Humm. FAC* NI NI FAC* Acanthomintha ilicifolia (Gray) Gray FAC* FAC* Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl OBL OBL Acer circinatum Pursh FAC- FAC NI FAC-,FAC Acer glabrum Torr. FAC FAC FAC FACU FACU* FAC FACU FACU*,FAC Acer grandidentatum Nutt.
    [Show full text]
  • Antiparasitic Effects of Medicinal Plants (Part 1)- a Review
    IOSR Journal Of Pharmacy www.iosrphr.org (e)-ISSN: 2250-3013, (p)-ISSN: 2319-4219 Volume 6, Issue 10 Version. 3 (October 2016), PP. 51-66 Antiparasitic effects of medicinal plants (part 1)- A review Prof Dr Ali Esmail Al-Snafi Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Thi qar University, Nasiriyah, Iraq . Cell: +9647801397994. Email: [email protected] Abstract: Many previous researches showed that many plants exerted antiparasitic, antiprotozoal, molluscicidal and insecticidal. These plants included: Achillea santolina, Ailanthus altissima, Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Ammi majus, Anagyris foetida, Antirrhinum majus, Apium graveolens, Arachis hypogaea, Artemisia campestris, Arundo donax, Asclepias curassavica, Ballota nigra, Bauhinia variegate, Betula alba, Bidens tripartite, Brassica nigra, Bryophyllum calycinum, Caccinia crassifolia, Caesalpinia crista,Calendula officinalis, Calotropis procera, Canna indica, Capparis spinosa, Carum carvi, Cassia occidentalis, Celosia cristata, Chenopodium album, Chorchorus capsularis, Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium, Cichorium intybus, Citrullus colocynthis, Citrus limetta, Citrus medica, Citrus sinensis, Citrus limonum, Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus reticulate, Citrus vitis, Clerodendron inerme, Clitoria ternatea, Corchorus capsularis, Cordia myxa, Coriandrum sativum, Coronilla scorpioides, Coronilla varia, Crocus sativus, Cupressus sempervirens, Cymbopogon schoenanthus, Cyminum cuminum, Cynodon dactylon, Dalbergia sissoo, Datura metel, Datura stramonium, Dianthus caryophyllum, Digitalis purpurea,
    [Show full text]
  • Marginal Plants Hardy & Tropical
    Marginal Plants Hardy & Tropical For more information about the Colorado Water Garden Society or other aspects of pond keeping along the front-range go to: http://www.colowatergardensociety.org or send an e-mail to: [email protected] Written by Bob Hoffman, originally published 2005 Revised by Bob Hoffman & Edited by Dorothy Martinez 2013 ©Copyright 1999 - 2021, All Rights Reserved www.colowatergardensociety.org This brochure will investigate marginal plants by species. Marginal plants are used in the shallow part of your pond. Water plants are listed with a hardiness zone where they are best grown, but with some care most water plants can be kept year-round. Most water plants are listed as hardy or tropical. For those of us living in Metro Denver, depending on our Winter, "hardy" translates to mean zone 5 or 6. A tropical to us is normally zone 7. What that means is any plant with a zone 7 or higher must be protected, while zone 6 is borderline. Protection can mean protection from freezing to treating the plant as a houseplant for the Winter. HARDY MARGINALS ARROW ARUM Araceae Peltandra, Zone 5 - 9 Arrowhead shaped leaf on a 1' - 2' tall stem Peltandra sagittifolia can produce white flowers. Peltandra virginica can produce green flowers. Sun to shade. ARROWHEAD Alismataceae Sagittaria latifolia, Zone 5 - 10 Arrow-shaped green leaves with small white flowers. Sun. BOGBEAN Menyanthaceae Menyanthes trifoliata, Zone 3 - 10 An herbaceous perennial 9" - 12" tall with three-lobed, dark green leaves with short-lived white flowers in the Spring. Sun. CATTAIL Typhaceae Typha, Zone 3 - 11 Typha angustifolia has a narrow-leaf cattail and grows to 4'.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review on Cyperus Rotundus a Potential Medicinal Plant
    IOSR Journal Of Pharmacy www.iosrphr.org (e)-ISSN: 2250-3013, (p)-ISSN: 2319-4219 Volume 6, Issue 7 Version. 2 (July 2016), PP. 32-48 A review on Cyperus rotundus A potential medicinal plant Prof Dr Ali Esmail Al-Snafi Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Thi qar University, Iraq Abstract:- Many previous studies showed Cyperus rotundus contained flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, furochromones, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, sitosterol, alkaloids saponins, terpenoids, essential oils, starch, carbohydrates, protein, separated amino acids and many other secondary metabolites. The previous works also showed that the plant exerted antiparasitic, insecticidal, repellent, antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, central nervous, neuroprotective, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, hypolipidemic, weight control, antiplatelet, gastrointestinal, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, anti-dysmenorrhea, dermatological and many other effects. This review was designed to highlight the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Cyperus rotundus. Keywords:- pharmacology, pharmacognosy, medicinal plants, constituents, Cyperus rotundus I. INTRODUCTION Herbal medicine is the oldest form of medicine known to mankind. It was the mainstay of many early civilizations and still the most widely practiced form of medicine in the world today[1]. WHO has estimated that perhaps 80% of the inhabitants of the world rely chiefly on traditional medicines for their primary health care needs. In the developed countries, in the USA, for example, 25% of all prescriptions dispensed from community pharmacies from 1959 to 1980 contained plant extracts or active principles prepared from higher plants[2]. Plants generally produce many secondary metabolites which were constituted an important source of many pharmaceutical drugs[3]. Many previous reviews revealed the wide range of the pharmacological and therapeutic effects of medicinal plants[4-45].
    [Show full text]
  • Index Xylariorum 4.1
    Index Xylariorum 4.1 Compiled by Anna H. Lynch and Peter E. Gasson (version March 2010), and updated by IAWA under supervision of Frederic Lens (March 2016). Argentina SUCURSAL: Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "B. Rivadavia" (BA/BAw), Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina. (updated 01/02/2016). Curator: Dr. ROBERTO R. PUJANA (comparative anatomy of extant and fossil woods), [email protected]. Collection: about 1000 specimens, 250 genera. Specialisation: Argentina, Paraguay. Herbarium vouchers: Yes; about 100,000; 92% of wood specimens vouchered. Periodical or serial publications: Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Samples for sectioning: Yes. Microscope slides: Yes. Exchange: Yes. Wanted: Woods from Argentina and Paraguay. Catalogue: A catalogue of the wood collection is available on request from the curator. LA PLATA: Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Argentina. (new wood collection since 01/02/2016). Curator: DRA. SILVIA MONTEOLIVA and PROF. STELLA MARIS RIVIERA (wood anatomy, identification), [email protected]. Collection: about 1000 specimens, 250 genera. Specialisation: Argentina Periodical or serial publications: Revista Facultad de Agronomía La Plata Samples for sectioning: Yes. Microscope slides: Yes. 1 Exchange: Yes. Wanted: woods from Argentina. Catalogue: A catalogue of the wood collection is available on request from the curator: www.maderasenargentina.com.ar TUCUMAN: Xiloteca of the Herbarium of the Fundation Miguel Lillo (LILw), Foundation Miguel Lillo - Institut Miguel Lillo, (LILw), Miguel Lillo 251, Tucuman, Argentina. (updated 05/08/2002). Foundation: 1910. Curator: MARIA EUGENIA GUANTAY, Lic. Ciencias Biologicas (anatomy of wood of Myrtaceae), [email protected]. Collection: 1,319 specimens, 224 genera.
    [Show full text]
  • Ontogenesis of Stomata in Velloziaceae: Paracytic Versus Tetracytic? MARINA MILANELLO DO AMARAL1 and RENATO DE MELLO-SILVA1,2
    Revista Brasil. Bot., V.31, n.3, p.529-536, jul.-set. 2008 Ontogenesis of stomata in Velloziaceae: paracytic versus tetracytic? MARINA MILANELLO DO AMARAL1 and RENATO DE MELLO-SILVA1,2 (received: August 02, 2007; accepted: July 10, 2008) ABSTRACT – (Ontogenesis of stomata in Velloziaceae: paracytic versus tetracytic?). In Velloziaceae, the number of subsidiary cells has been used to characterize species and support groups. Nevertheless, the homology of the stomatal types have not been scrutinized. Stomatal ontogenesis of Vellozia epidendroides and V. plicata, assigned to have tetracytic stomata, and of V. glauca and Barbacenia riparia, assigned to have paracytic stomata, were investigated. In the four species studied, stomata followed perigenic development. Subsidiary cells arise from oblique divisions of neighbouring cells of the guard mother cell (GMC). These cells are elongated and parallel to the longer axis of the stoma. Polar cells show wide variation, following the shape and size of the epidermal cells in the vicinity. Hence, these cells cannot be called subsidiary cells. This wide variation is due to a much higher density of stomata in some regions of the leaf blade. This distribution of stomata forces the development of short polar cells, leading to an apparently tetracytic stomata. In regions of low concentration of stomata, higher spatial availability between the GMCs allows the elongation of polar cells, leading to evident paracytic stomata. Therefore, the four studied species are considered braquiparacytic, questioning the classification of stomata into tetracytic and paracytic in Velloziaceae. Key words - ontogenesis, paracytic, stomata, tetracytic, Velloziaceae RESUMO – (A ontogênese dos estômatos em Velloziaceae: paracítico versus tetracítico?).
    [Show full text]