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Cabul Or Afghanistan: the Seat of the Anglo-Russian Question (1878) Phil Robinson

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Cabul Or Afghanistan: the Seat of the Anglo-Russian Question (1878) Phil Robinson University of Nebraska Omaha DigitalCommons@UNO Books in English Digitized Books 1-1-1878 Cabul or Afghanistan: the seat of the Anglo-Russian question (1878) Phil Robinson Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/afghanuno Part of the International and Area Studies Commons Recommended Citation Robinson, Phil, "Cabul or Afghanistan: the seat of the Anglo-Russian question (1878)" (1878). Books in English. Paper 7. http://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/afghanuno/7 This Monograph is brought to you for free and open access by the Digitized Books at DigitalCommons@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Books in English by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CONTENTS. The Kingdom of Czbul, 1-Bomdaries: Plcysieal Featu~~esaizd Products, 2-8.-3fountains, Rivers,Dlinerals, Vegetables, Animals -Climate, 7.-Population, 8-21-General Character-The Mghans proper, their language, descent, history, manners and cus- tom, amusements, women-Othor races-Government amd Av??zy, 21-27-Religion-pro~ocid governors-court ogioials-regular army-militia.-The Awzeer and his Paqnily, 27-37-Shere Ali Xhm, Abdullah Jao, Ahmed Ali, Yakub ahan,Abdul Rahnzan - Reeelzt Histog : Russia 012 tLe AfgJmn F?-ontier, 3744-The UmballahDnrbar-aCzar's honour-Wakhan-Khiva-Turcomans --Merv-Berat-Russian Itailways.-TAe Ameer's ffrievalzces, 44-50 -The heir eIect-TiVakhan-Seistan-Yakub .Khan- Pesharvur Conference-Quetta-om Indian Frontier.-Eoutes, 50-2'1--Qaetta to Caodahar, 50-55-Candahar to Herat, 56-58. Candabr to Ghuzni, 58-Thal, rib Ghuzni, to Candahar, 59-63 -Peshamr to Cabd, vil the IZhyber Pass, 63-71.-hntier a?zd Zoztntain Passes, 72-85-Ebh7t, Brahoe, Bolan, &c.- Suleiman Passes-Gomnl, Draband, I;;wam,&c.-a~ber-Khoord IChyber-Korthein Passes-Passes in tha Interior-The Jloulz- tain Dibss, 85-90-Jowaki bIockacie-Frontier policy-List of chief tribes-Pej.sinn Gzdf Aflczirs, 90-1-Genealogy of Royal Family of Cabn!, 92. --* .. ' - - "."-- SHERE AL1 XHAN, THE AMEER. CABUL on AFGHANISTAN BEINQ A PAMPHLET OF FACTS ABOUT THE COUNTRY THE AMEER AND THE PEOPLE WITI-I A MAP OF TI-IE COUNTRY (SHOWING ROUTES OF ADVANCE AND PASSlS) PROM THE CASPIbN BEA TO THE IBDUS AND PROM THE ILUBBIAN LINES BEYOND THE OXUB TO TIIIQ PERSIdN GULP. PI-IIL ROBINSON %tltriYott : SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON, SEAIZLE, & IiIVINGTON, I CROWN DUILDINGIB, 188, PLZET BTRXET, 1678. [All vighla ~eservcd.] 1 NOTE. AP~ INprefacing a compilation of this kind, it is hardly doc necessary to say that the compiler has gladly utilized in his work all the material he could find to his b hand that was at once autlzoritative and well written T~ i -whether in the columns of the Press or in books. M' P The oilly authors qnoted are acknovlcdged masters of of the subject-Rawlinson, Valnbery, Bellem, Elphin- L4f, stone, Ferrier, and Sch~~yler.The nlap lllny be safely an accepted as correct, nlld nll clistances accurately cal- be culated from the scale given. It combines the latest st clata of the Indian Frontier Survey publications aail tb of the most recent mails of Central Asia. rn er P. R'. 01 CABUL;' 011, AFGHANISTAN. APART from its present political aspect the king- ~ilzd,it is harclly doll1 of the beer of Cabul, Sheye Ali Khan, is '' g'aclly lyotiliZed f~dlof interest for the stucleut as the theatre of to 'Iis Arab conquest and Islamite growth, the scam of Tartsr invaaion and havoc, a Terg hotbed of ess Or in ~00ks. Mohammedan bigotry and fanaticism, tllc ityeun fledgecl mastars of Shis and Souni hostility, the battle-field of BclIew, Elpliiu- Bfghans and Persians, the scene of British conquests I I p nlny be safely and disasters ; and as if nature had designed it to I accurately cal- be the object of the world's attention, Afghanistaa H lines tllo latest stands uplifted from the great plains of Inclin and lblications the Khanates upon the shoulders of the great !is. mountain ranges that bound it on the north-east and The mountains of the Hindu KCsh Cower up P. 33. east. on its eastern frontier as a landlvnrlr to all Bsin, and point out to every invader tlie nrny to India. From the great range irregular spws diverge in every direction, and cover Afgllanistm with a net- .Pronounced as " ICarrbnl" (not ICnbool), nlld AfgLh1-Y-st2io. B work of mountain chains. Between them lie valleys of suipvsing fertility, ancl watered by pereni~ial streams. Here every cncmy of Inclia has rccruitecl his forccs, ancl more than once the hardy moun- taineers have themsclves poured through the passes of thc Snleimiin range that separates Afghanistan from India, to ravage the territories of the infidels of Hindustan. Known to the world generally by the name of Afghallistan, or country of the Afghans, it I is not so designated by the Afghans themselves, al- thongh the name is not nnknown to them. By the " Afghans their country is nsnally called cc Wilayat " (hence the term " Wilayati," often applied to its peo~leby the natives of Hindustan) or native country. It is also distinguished by two appella- tions, inclncljng different portions of territory, vie. : (( IIab~d,"or (( Kiibnlist%n,'' which includes all that mountainons clistrict nol-th of Gliuzni ancl the 8afed2 Icoh, as far as the Hindti Kdsh, limited towards the vest by the Huzarah country (the ancient Paropa- misns), ancl eastward by the Abba-Sin, or (' Father of Ri~ers,'~the Inclns ; ancl c( ICllorZs~an,"or rc Xzbu- listiin," which includes all that extensive track of country, Alpinc in its Eastern limits, ancl table-land or desert in its vestern extent, which stretches ~~rouounceclas Sufaid. I THE MOUNTAINS. 3 leys so~~thmarcland weatmard from about tho latitude of nial Ghuzni, and borders on the confines of Persia, from ited 1 which, towarcls the south, it is separated by the jun- i desert of SeistAn. A glance at the map will acquaint sses I the reader with the bo~mdariesof the kingdom. stan The main features of Afghanistan, vllich measures Ls of about 430 miles from east to west, ancl 460 miles from the south to north, are t'he mountain chains, the general s, it direction of wl~ichis east and vest, bnt which throw , al- out buttresses to the north ancl south. Afgliailistan the is traversed across tho centre, from east to vest, by at " the HinclB-Ichsh, or more properly the Hinail- its Koh, encling in the Koh-i-Baba, a huge mass stive north-west of and at no great distance from the ella- city of Cabnl. It is covered vith perpetual snow, riz. : ancl its loftiest peak is nearly 18,000 feet high. that Thence run two parallel chains, one called the bfe cl" Safecl Koh, or white monlltain ;" the other-the 1 the so~~themmostone-the Siah Koh, or (( black moun- opa- tain." These mountains are of no great height. er of North of the ICoh-i-Baba and the Safed Koh is a .Iibu- high plateau, intersected by minor ranges, and k of 3 called the Hnzara district. Running in a south- land west direction fronl Cabnl, paat Canclahar to ;ches { Giriahk, is another chain of mo~~ntains. The Safecl Koh deserves a separate reference; B 2 4 CABUL. for, should the project of invasion, as announced, be executed, and a force enter Afghanistan by may of Thal and the Riirnm river, the Safed 1<oh will do duty as an effectual barrier against any attempt I from the north to disturb the advancing column, for it covers the line of advance up to the turning point of the l<i~mmriver, whence, by the reg~~llarroad, 6 both Gllnzni ancl the tom of Cabnl may be corn- mmded. The high ground about Glluzai forms the vater-shed for the drainage of both divisions of Afghallistan. All to the north of this site flows northwarcl to the Cabnl river, and ultimately reaches the stream of the Indus. But a11 to the south of it flows sonthward ancl westward, and is either lost in the sancls that prevail in tllcsc directions, or else, joining the rivers Tarnak and Argnnclub, ultimately reaches the lake of Seisthn. Two streams only flow south-castward toward the Indns. Of these the Gomal is lost in the soil, soon after leaving the hills it drains, and the KErnm reaches ihe Iudns near Isa-1<11ail. 0 Towards the west, watering the table-land of Candal~arand Herat, are the several rivers flowing into the lake of Seistbn. Of these the Halllland is the largest, and before reaching the lake it rcceives the united streams of the Tarnal. aid Argandab, and, farther on, the KhZsh-rGd. During the summer 1 t TIIF RIVERS. months all these streams, with the exception, pcr- I hapi, of the river Halrnand, become almost com- pletely dry. In Cabul the rivers are more numer- ous for the extent of surface than in Khorassan, Imn, for and are of greater vol~me,though of less extent. ug point The principal are the streams of Logar, Khasgar, aimroad, o and Swat, which, joining the Gabul river in dif- be com- ferent parts of its course, add their waters to those Isms the of the Indus at Attock. Of these the Logar and the gions of I(as11gar streams (the latter with its tributaries te flows draining the hills of Enfiristan) are fordable at most reaches seasons throughout their course. BLI~the Swat and nth of it Cabul rivers are ollly fordable with ease during the ,il lost in earlier part of their course. or else, Though seen now in the lowest depth of its timately poverty, Clle kingdom of the Ameer has a past ~nlyflow history of some grandeur, and the vast arcllitec- lese the tural remains that heap many of its valleys and the hills strew its plains bear witness to a prosperous age 14 Ins near t(l1at has gone.
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