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Transnational Foreign Cultural Policy - Beyond National Culture: Prerequisites and Perspectives for the Intersection of Domestic and Foreign Policy Weigel, Sigrid

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Transnational Foreign Cultural Policy - Beyond National Culture: Prerequisites and Perspectives for the Intersection of Domestic and Foreign Policy Weigel, Sigrid www.ssoar.info Transnational foreign cultural policy - Beyond national culture: prerequisites and perspectives for the intersection of domestic and foreign policy Weigel, Sigrid Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Monographie / monograph Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Weigel, S. (2019). Transnational foreign cultural policy - Beyond national culture: prerequisites and perspectives for the intersection of domestic and foreign policy. (ifa-Edition Kultur und Außenpolitik). Stuttgart: ifa (Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen). https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-62984-6 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence (Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de ifa Edition Culture and Foreign Policy Transnational foreign cultural policy – Beyond national culture Prerequisites and perspectives for the intersection of domestic and foreign policy Sigrid Weigel ifa Edition Culture and Foreign Policy Transnational foreign cultural policy – Beyond national culture Prerequisites and perspectives for the intersection of domestic and foreign policy Sigrid Weigel Assisted by: Zaal Andronikashvili, Christian Schön Content Content Preamble ............................................................................................................................ 5 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 6 FOREIGN CULTURAL POLICY – DEVELOPMENT AND RHETORIC .......................................... 14 1. (Re‐)orientation of the FCEP or: Tilting at windmills ...................................................... 14 1.1 The seventies: Reform under the banner of “intergovernmental social policy” ............... 14 1.2 The eighties: Development policies................................................................................... 16 1.3 Around 2000: Increase in political tasks in the course of globalisation ............................. 18 1.4 2014 et seqq.: Reorientation of FCEP 2020 ....................................................................... 20 2. Discourse and conceptualisation of foreign cultural policy ............................................ 22 2.1 Soft power ......................................................................................................................... 22 2.2 Cultural diplomacy ............................................................................................................ 24 2.3 Nation branding ................................................................................................................ 26 2.4 Competing narratives ........................................................................................................ 27 CONCEPTS OF CULTURE .................................................................................................... 31 3. Concepts of culture – Implications in terms of the history of ideas and cultural policy prerequisites .................................................................................................................... 31 3.1 Culture as aesthetic education – German connotations ................................................... 31 3.2 Culture as a concept of description and interpretation – Approaches from cultural science ..................................................................................................................................... 33 3.3 Cultural exchange and cultural difference ........................................................................ 35 3.4 FCEP – Between federal and regional politics, domestic and foreign, art and culture ...... 37 BEYOND THE NATION STATE? ........................................................................................... 41 4. The issue of the nation state in the light of post‐colonial criticism ................................ 43 4.1 The post‐colonial criticism of the Western development model ...................................... 43 4.2 The imagined nation and theory of homogenisation ........................................................ 45 4.3 Criticism of the model status of the modern nation state ................................................ 48 4.4 Consequences for foreign cultural policy .......................................................................... 50 5. Post‐national constellation? – On the relationship between state and nation ............... 54 5.1 Historical asynchrony – the example of Eastern Europe ................................................... 55 5.2 The ambivalence of the nation state and the future of Europe ........................................ 58 5.3 On the dynamic of state and nation during the emergence of the European nation states ................................................................................................. 63 5.4. On the relationship between human rights and nationality ............................................ 65 Content CHANGING CULTURES AND SOCIETIES .............................................................................. 68 6. Resubmission of national culture – the role of culture .................................................. 68 6.1 The “non‐negotiables” – pre‐juridical commonalities and dialectic of the majority ......... 68 6.2 Normative discourses –“Who does (not) belong”, – “national identity” and “Leitkultur” 72 6.3 Belated nation – “culture nation” and the concept of people .......................................... 77 6.4 Work on memory – upheavels in dealing with German history ........................................ 81 6.5 Academia – German language humanities and cultural science abroad ........................... 86 7. Transformation processes – global and national ........................................................... 89 7.1 The Janus face of transnationalism – mobility studies and global governance ................. 89 7.2 Migration and development policy ................................................................................... 94 7.3 Refugees and migration – on the logic of assimilation and multiculturalism .................. 100 7.4 Integration – diaspora communities, parallel societies and Islam dialogue .................... 104 7.4 Lived democracy – political culture, social freedom and citizen participation ................ 110 Bibliography ................................................................................................................... 118 About the author ............................................................................................................ 136 Preamble Preamble In the future, foreign cultural policy will have to be more post‐nation‐state‐oriented and increasingly European in order to give Europe a stronger voice in the world. Only in this way can the liberal democratic order be defended with its social concept of freedom of expression and a critical civil society both externally and internally. The credibility of foreign cultural policy, which represents values such as democracy, freedom of expression and the rule of law, is only as strong as the society that lives these values internally. For this, there should be a congruence of internal and external cultural policy across depart‐ mental boundaries. And only through the involvement of civil society actors within can transnational networks for strengthening the Foreign Cultural and Educational Policy (FCEP) be further developed. The author of the present study, Sigrid Weigel, advocates this. She takes stock of the his‐ torical development and opening of the FCEP, critically examines the various concepts currently in use nationally and internationally, identifies places where Germanyʹs credibil‐ ity could be endangered internally, and points to a FCEP which interlocks foreign and domestic in a stronger way. Interlocking is essential, since, according to the author, ʺonly the measures of the FCEP can be sustainable, which are also supported by culture and society within, it [the FCEP] relies on cooperation partners who work within the country for a democratic society, for integration and citizen participation.ʺ Departmental bounda‐ ries are hereby challenged provocatively. I would like to sincerely thank Sigrid Weigel for her outstanding work and dedication. My thanks also go to the director of ifa’s Research Programme, Odila Triebel, as well as Sarah Widmaier and Anja Schön, who accompanied the project conceptually and editorially. This study was developed within the framework of ifa’s Research Programme ʺCulture and Foreign Policyʺ. Here, experts examine current topics in foreign cultural and educa‐ tional policy and formulate recommendations for actors within FCEP. International cul‐ tural relations need to be systematically studied in order to develop sustainable future strategies for foreign cultural policy. Ronald Grätz, Secretary General, ifa (Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen) ifa Edition Culture and Foreign Policy Transnational foreign cultural policy – Beyond national culture 5 Summary Summary This study examines the historical prerequisites and the conceptual implications of foreign cultural policy in the age of global socio‐cultural transformation processes
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