Lecture 22 & 23. Thermoregulation: Dealing with Heat and Cold
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To Pig out to Pig
unclean meats. Cornelius was a Gentile. Gentiles were animals were not created for food. like pigs to the Israelites, they were unclean. This How can I pray over a piece of unclean meat and make it Gentile loved the Hebrew God, prayed, and gave clean….its body chemistry did not change. God did not To Pig Out money to the poor. The Father wanted Cornelius to change. He did not make it clean just because I want it. Go know His Son Jesus, and to be filled with the Holy back to Is. 65 & 66 and remember the distaste that God Or Spirit. Therefore the vision: unclean animals which the Creator of all things, has for pig. Do you want to be the Father says; “Get up, Peter. Kill and smoke in the nostrils of God? I truly pray that many of eat.” (vs.10:13) Peters reply? “No Lord?” I have you will not just discard this pamphlet as trash, but will never eaten anything impure or unclean vs. 14. This honestly seek the Father’s Word for your answers, then To Opt Out story takes place years after the death of Jesus. Peter, show Him you love Him by keeping His commandments. by this statement is saying that the Food Laws were It is obedience that shows Him how much you trust Him never changed by Jesus. Then the Father speaks a to be true to His Word. For He alone protects it and will second time, “Do not call anything impure that God cause every Word to come to pass. -
31 3 R -Ta.I¡¡V 25 Co ^ by 4^
C:9 238 Studies on Curing, Aging and_Smoking_of_Camel_Meat. II- Microbiological and Sensory Evaluation. E. T. EL-Asnwah, Salwa B. El-Magoli and M. M. Ibrahim. Dept, of Food. Sci. & Tech. Collage of Agric. Cairo University. Egypt. Introduction: Camel meat is considered as one of the toughest meat in Egypt. If camel meat could ^ plJt zed by aging, smoking and chill storage treatments while conserving other quality ritional attributes, its consumption would increase especially from elder animals. Meat structure can be considered in its simplest form to be a collection of p a rilieljher a ü ’' V^ the myofibrillar structure bound together by a connective tissue network of collQeI iCn » cot The physical properties of the myofibrillar fibers could be affected by (a) aging fit ns myofxhrillarmyofibrillar per se (.uavez(Davez andana Dickson,uicsson, i^/ui1970), , whilew u u e piuuuuxiiijproducing smallomaij. and^insig^^gonu 313fia comitant changes in the connective tissue (Bouton et al., 1973); (b) loss of molS.lit'-*1“ . ^ other changes produced by cooking (Bouton and Harris, 1972) and (c) increased^my contraction which increased muscle fiber diameter (Herring et al., 1967 b). The tissue would be affected by factors including: (a) changes in spatial orientation of collagen fibers in the connective tissue network related to myofibrillar- - - - - - contrac■ — ctr1^ _i ay. #i (Rowe, 1974) and (b) changes in the collagen produced by cooking and related to a . ifl / (Herring et al., 1967 a). Bouton et al., 1975 found that shear force values were n tegt3 _ ced by the muscle fiber properties than b'y the connective tissue properties, A}’ would be influenced by connective tissues as well as by the fiber properties. -
Effect of Ethanol on Thermoregulation in the Goldfish, Carassius Auratus
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1986 Effect of ethanol on thermoregulation in the goldfish, Carassius auratus Candace Sharon O'Connor Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Biology Commons, and the Physiology Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation O'Connor, Candace Sharon, "Effect of ethanol on thermoregulation in the goldfish, Carassius auratus" (1986). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 3703. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.5587 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS of Candace Sharon O'Connor for the Master of Science in Biology presented May 16, 1986. Title: Effect of Ethanol on Thermoregulation in the Goldfish, Carassius auratus. APPROVED BY MEMBERS OF THE TIIBSIS COMMITTEE: Leonard Simpson In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism by which ethanol affects vertebrate thermoregulation, the effect of ethanol on temperature selection was studied in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Ethanol was administered to 10 to 15 g fish by mixing it in the water of a temperature gradient. The dose response curve was very steep between 0.5% (v/v) ethanol (no response) and 0.7% (significant lowering of selected temperature in treated fish). Fish were exposed to concentrations of ethanol as high as 1.7%, at which concentration most experimental fish lost their ability to swim upright in the water. -
Ostrich Production Systems Part I: a Review
11111111111,- 1SSN 0254-6019 Ostrich production systems Food and Agriculture Organization of 111160mmi the United Natiorp str. ro ucti s ct1rns Part A review by Dr M.M. ,,hanawany International Consultant Part II Case studies by Dr John Dingle FAO Visiting Scientist Food and , Agriculture Organization of the ' United , Nations Ot,i1 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. M-21 ISBN 92-5-104300-0 Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Information Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale dells Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. C) FAO 1999 Contents PART I - PRODUCTION SYSTEMS INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF THE OSTRICH 5 Classification of the ostrich in the animal kingdom 5 Geographical distribution of ratites 8 Ostrich subspecies 10 The North -
R~;: PHYSIOLOGICAL, MIGRATORIAL
....----------- 'r~;: i ! 'r; Pa/eont .. 62(4), 1988, pp. 64~52 Copyright © 1988, The Paleontological Society 0022-3360/88/0062-0640$03.00 PHYSIOLOGICAL, MIGRATORIAL, CLIMATOLOGICAL, GEOPHYSICAL, SURVIVAL, AND EVOLUTIONARY IMPLICATIONS OF CRETACEOUS POLAR DINOSAURS GREGORY S. PAUL 3109 North Calvert Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 ABSTRACTT- he presence of Late Cretaceous social dinosaurs in polar regions confronted them with winter conditions of extended dark, coolness, breezes, and precipitation that could best be coped with via an endothermic homeothermic physiology of at least the tenrec level. This is true whether the dinosaurs stayed year round in the polar regime-which in North America extended from Alaska south to Montana-or if they migrated away from polar winters. More reptilian physiologies fail to meet the demands of such winters -in certain key ways, a· point tentatively confirmed by the apparent failure of giant Late Cretaceous phobosuchid crocodilians to dwell north of Montana. Low metabolisms were also insufficient for extended annual migrations away from and towards the poles. It is shown that even high metabolic rate dinosaurs probably remained in their polar habitats year-round. The possibility that dinosaurs had avian-mammalian metabolic systems, and may have borne insulation at least seasonally, severely limits their use as polar paleoclimatic and Earth axial tilt indicators. Polar dinosaurs may have been a center of dinosaur evolution. The possible ability of polar dinosaurs to cope with conditions of cool and dark challenges theories that a gradual temperature decline, or a sudden, meteoritic or volcanic induced collapse in temperature and sunlight, destroyed the dinosaurs. INTRODUCTION America suggests that dinosaurs were regularly crossing, and NCREASINGNUMBERSof remains show that dinosaurs lived living upon, the Bering Land Bridge within a few degrees of the I near the North and South Poles during the Cretaceous. -
Heterothermy in Pouched Mammals a Review
bs_bs_bannerJournal of Zoology Journal of Zoology. Print ISSN 0952-8369 MINI-SERIES Heterothermy in pouched mammals – a review A. Riek1,2 & F. Geiser2 1 Department of Animal Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany 2 Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia Keywords Abstract heterothermy; marsupials; phylogeny; torpor; hibernation. Hibernation and daily torpor (i.e. temporal heterothermy) have been reported in many marsupial species of diverse families and are known to occur in ∼15% of all Correspondence marsupials, which is a greater proportion than the percentage of heterothermic Alexander Riek, Department of Animal placentals. Therefore, we aimed to gather data on heterothermy, including Sciences, University of Göttingen, minimal body temperature, torpor metabolic rate and torpor bout duration for Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075 Göttingen, marsupials, and relate these physiological variables to phylogeny and other Germany. Tel: +49 551 395610; Fax: +49 physiological traits. Data from published studies on 41 marsupial species were 551 39 available for the present analysis. Heterothermic marsupials ranged from small Email: [email protected] species such as planigales weighing 7 g to larger species such as quolls weighing up to 1000 g. We used the marsupial phylogeny to estimate various heterothermic Editor: Heike Lutermann traits where the current dataset was incomplete. The torpor metabolic rate in relation to basal metabolic rate (%) ranged from 5.2 to 62.8% in daily Received 13 May 2013; revised 31 July heterotherms and from 2.1 to 5.2% in marsupial hibernators, and was significantly 2013; accepted 8 August 2013 correlated with the minimum body temperature in daily heterotherms (R2 = 0.77, P < 0.001), but not in hibernators (R2 = 0.10, P > 0.05). -
Impacts of Extreme Climatic Events on the Energetics of Long-Lived
© 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | The Journal of Experimental Biology (2014) 217, 3700-3707 doi:10.1242/jeb.106344 RESEARCH ARTICLE Impacts of extreme climatic events on the energetics of long-lived vertebrates: the case of the greater flamingo facing cold spells in the Camargue Anne-Sophie Deville1,2,*, Sophie Labaude1,*, Jean-Patrice Robin3, Arnaud Béchet1, Michel Gauthier-Clerc1,4, Warren Porter5, Megan Fitzpatrick5, Paul Mathewson5 and David Grémillet2,6,‡ ABSTRACT in geographic range (McCarty, 2001), changes in food web structure Most studies analyzing the effects of global warming on wild (Petchey et al., 1999), changes in population life-history features populations focus on gradual temperature changes, yet it is also (Forchhammer et al., 2001) and fluctuations in population patterns important to understand the impact of extreme climatic events. Here (Birkhofer et al., 2012; Duriez et al., 2012). Studies on the effects we studied the effect of two cold spells (January 1985 and February of climate change on species dynamics primarily focus on 2012) on the energetics of greater flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus) consequences of gradual increase in temperature (Britton et al., in the Camargue (southern France). To understand the cause of 2010; Moses et al., 2012). However, climatologists also predict an observed flamingo mass mortalities, we first assessed the energy increase in the frequency, intensity and duration of extreme climatic stores of flamingos found dead in February 2012, and compared events (IPCC, 2011; Rahmstorf and Coumou, 2011). Extreme them with those found in other bird species exposed to cold spells climatic events are often ignored as potential drivers of population and/or fasting. -
Effect of Body Temperature on the Pattern of Spontaneous Breathing in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants Supported by Proportional Assist Ventilation
0031-3998/03/5403-0332 PEDIATRIC RESEARCH Vol. 54, No. 3, 2003 Copyright © 2003 International Pediatric Research Foundation, Inc. Printed in U.S.A. Effect of Body Temperature on the Pattern of Spontaneous Breathing in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants Supported by Proportional Assist Ventilation ESTHER RIEGER-FACKELDEY, SUSANNE SCHALLER-BALS, AND ANDREAS SCHULZE Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology–Grosshadern, Division of Neonatology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany ABSTRACT The optimum body temperature for infants Ͻ1000 g is un- 0.001) as a result of a difference in RR (8%; p Ͻ 0.001). The Ϯ known. We investigated body temperature effects on spontane- infants maintained their blood CO2 levels and Vt (5.25 0.6 ous breathing using proportional assist ventilation (PAV), be- versus 5.19 Ϯ 0.6 mL/kg). Incidence and duration of respiratory cause this mode supports spontaneous breathing such that all pauses were not different between conditions. Extremely imma- breathing pattern variables remain controlled by the infant. ture infants who are supported by PAV modify their spontaneous Minute volume (MV), respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (Vt), breathing in response to changes in thermal environment such incidence and duration of respiratory pauses, arterial oxygen that PCO2 levels are appropriately maintained early in postnatal Ͻ desaturations 85%, and arterial PCO2 levels will remain unaf- life. This response pattern occurred consistently and is currently fected by targeting core body temperature to 36.1–36.5°C (low of uncertain clinical significance. (Pediatr Res 54: 332–336, normal range) versus 37.7–37.9°C (upper normal). -
Absorption of Radiant Energy in Redwinged Blackbirds ( Agelazus Zhoenzceus)’
SHORT COMMUNICATIONS ABSORPTION OF RADIANT ENERGY IN REDWINGED BLACKBIRDS ( AGELAZUS ZHOENZCEUS)’ SHELDON LUSTICK, SHARON TALBOT, AND EDWARD L. FOX Academic Faculty of Zoology Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 43210 Previously (Lustick 1969) it was shown that black- Electric infrared lamp (R-40, 250 w clear end), was birds could use insolation to thermoregulate, and that centered over the window 40 cm above the floor of the thermal neutral zone was decreased at least 10” C the chamber. The bird in the chamber received light in those birds receiving artificial insolation. It was of wavelengths 400-1400 nm, the upper limit of hypothesized (confirmed by Heppner 1969, 1970) infrared passing through one cm of water (Ruttner that the downward shift in thermal neutrality was 1963:13). due to an effective increase in insulation; that is, The per cent transmittance of the glass window a decrease in the thermal gradient from the surface was measured with a Beckman spectrophotometer and of the skin to the surface of the feathers, thus de- found to range from 80 to 90 per cent over the creasing conductive heat loss. This suggests that the spectrum of 400-1400 nm, with the highest trans- bird is an endotherm (alI heat being produced by mittance at 500 nm. With the radiation source on, metabolism) and, under these conditions, loses heat the birds received approximately 0.9 cal cm-* mine1 more slowly. Cowles et al. (1967) has stated that at 7 cm above the floor of the submerged radiation “under the usual conditions prevailing in and around chamber. No air was passed through the chamber endotherms, and particularly in birds, the thermal (thus reducing convective heat loss) but the vents gradient usually slopes steeply from the body toward were open to the outside. -
Wildlife Ecology Provincial Resources
MANITOBA ENVIROTHON WILDLIFE ECOLOGY PROVINCIAL RESOURCES !1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank: Olwyn Friesen (PhD Ecology) for compiling, writing, and editing this document. Subject Experts and Editors: Barbara Fuller (Project Editor, Chair of Test Writing and Education Committee) Lindsey Andronak (Soils, Research Technician, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada) Jennifer Corvino (Wildlife Ecology, Senior Park Interpreter, Spruce Woods Provincial Park) Cary Hamel (Plant Ecology, Director of Conservation, Nature Conservancy Canada) Lee Hrenchuk (Aquatic Ecology, Biologist, IISD Experimental Lakes Area) Justin Reid (Integrated Watershed Management, Manager, La Salle Redboine Conservation District) Jacqueline Monteith (Climate Change in the North, Science Consultant, Frontier School Division) SPONSORS !2 Introduction to wildlife ...................................................................................7 Ecology ....................................................................................................................7 Habitat ...................................................................................................................................8 Carrying capacity.................................................................................................................... 9 Population dynamics ..............................................................................................................10 Basic groups of wildlife ................................................................................11 -
Carpathian Journal of Food Science and Technology El
CARPATHIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY journal homepage: http://chimie-biologie.ubm.ro/carpathian_journal/index.html EL KADID A TRADITIONAL SALTED DRIED CAMEL MEAT FROM ALGERIA: CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE COMPOSITION IN BIOGENIC AMINE, ORGANIC ACID, AROMATIC PROFILE AND MICROBIAL BIODIVERSITY Amina Bouchefra1,2*, Tayeb Idoui1,2, Chiara Montanari3 1Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment and Health, University Mohamed Seddik Benyahia of Jijel,Ouled Aissa City, 18000 Algeria. 2Department of Applied Microbiology and Food Sciences, University Mohamed Seddik Benyahia of Jijel,Ouled Aissa City, 18000 Algeria. 3Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Agroalimentare Universitàdegli Studi di Bologna Via Quinto Bucci 336 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy. *[email protected] https://doi.org/10.34302/crpjfst/2020.12.4.9 Article history: ABSTRACT Received: Many meat preparations are manufactured in North Africa.in Algeria, the 3 January 2020 dried salted camel meat is called El kadid. The first analysis of the Accepted: composition of biogenic amine, organic acid and aromatic profile of this 1 August 2020 traditional meat was carried out in this study. El kadid is obtained by salting, Keywords: maceration and drying of camel meat. The results showed that the product El kadid; contains lactic acid (6.22 g / kg), acetic acid (<1 g / kg). Biogenic amines Biogenic amine; are present at very low concentrations (<20 mg / kg). The aromatic profile Aromatic profile; highlighted the presence of more than 60 molecules belonging to different Organic acid; chemical classes, such as aldehydes, ketones and alcohols. El Kadid presente Biodiversity. has a rich microbiological niche (Enterobacteriaceae Latic acid bateria Coagulase negative microstaphylococci yeast, Enterococci and E coli). -
Fish, Amphibians, and Reptiles)
6-3.1 Compare the characteristic structures of invertebrate animals... and vertebrate animals (fish, amphibians, and reptiles). Also covers: 6-1.1, 6-1.2, 6-1.5, 6-3.2, 6-3.3 Fish, Amphibians, and Reptiles sections Can I find one? If you want to find a frog or salamander— 1 Chordates and Vertebrates two types of amphibians—visit a nearby Lab Endotherms and Exotherms pond or stream. By studying fish, amphib- 2 Fish ians, and reptiles, scientists can learn about a 3 Amphibians variety of vertebrate characteristics, includ- 4 Reptiles ing how these animals reproduce, develop, Lab Water Temperature and the and are classified. Respiration Rate of Fish Science Journal List two unique characteristics for Virtual Lab How are fish adapted each animal group you will be studying. to their environment? 220 Robert Lubeck/Animals Animals Start-Up Activities Fish, Amphibians, and Reptiles Make the following Foldable to help you organize Snake Hearing information about the animals you will be studying. How much do you know about reptiles? For example, do snakes have eyelids? Why do STEP 1 Fold one piece of paper lengthwise snakes flick their tongues in and out? How into thirds. can some snakes swallow animals that are larger than their own heads? Snakes don’t have ears, so how do they hear? In this lab, you will discover the answer to one of these questions. STEP 2 Fold the paper widthwise into fourths. 1. Hold a tuning fork by the stem and tap it on a hard piece of rubber, such as the sole of a shoe.