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Tfiìô˜ 69 • T‡¯Ô˜ 2 a Ú›ÏÈÔ˜ – IÔ‡ÓÈÔ˜ 2003

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Tfiìô˜ 69 • T‡¯Ô˜ 2 a Ú›ÏÈÔ˜ – IÔ‡ÓÈÔ˜ 2003 EÏÏËÓÈÎË I·ÙÚÈÎË TfiÌÔ˜ 69 • T‡¯Ô˜ 2 AÚ›ÏÈÔ˜ – IÔ‡ÓÈÔ˜ 2003 ¶ÂÚȯfiÌÂÓ· ∂ÓËÌÂÚˆÙÈο 93 H ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÙÔ˘ ÊÏÔÈÔ‡ ÙˆÓ ÂÈÓÂÊÚȉ›ˆÓ ÛÙÔ Û‡Ó‰ÚÔÌÔ ¿ÚıÚ· ÙˆÓ ÔÏ˘Î˘ÛÙÈÎÒÓ ˆÔıËÎÒÓ A.H. KÔ‡ÚÙ˘, ¢.K. ¶·Ó›‰Ë˜ 101 YÂÚ·Û‚ÂÛÙÈ·ÈÌ›·: ¢È·ÁÓˆÛÙÈ΋ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË º. °ÎÈÚÙÔ‚›Ù˘, A. X·Ù˙ËÙfiÏÈÔ˜ 113 Yԉԯ›˜ ÙÔ˘ ÁÏÔ˘Ù·ÌÈÎÔ‡ ÔͤԘ ÛÙÔ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi Ó¢ÚÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ· N. °ÎÔ˘ÁÎÔ˘ÏÈ¿˜, M. AÏÌ¿ÓË 132 O ¯˘Ìfi˜ ÙÔ˘ Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Î·È Ô ÚfiÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙȘ Ô˘ÚÔÏÔÈÌÒÍÂȘ Î·È ¿ÏϘ ·ı‹ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ Ô˘ÚÔÔÈÔÁÂÓÓËÙÈÎÔ‡ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ∞. ∞ÔÛÙÔÏ›‰Ë˜, π. ÃÚ˘ÛÔÁÔÓ›‰Ë˜ ∂Ú¢ÓËÙÈΤ˜ 138 ∂ÈÔÏ·ÛÌfi˜ Ù˘ ¯ÚfiÓÈ·˜ ·ÔÊÚ·ÎÙÈ΋˜ Ó¢ÌÔÓÔ¿ıÂÈ·˜ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ Î·È Ù˘ ÚÈÓ›Ùȉ·˜ ÛÙË µ. ∂ÏÏ¿‰· §. ™È¯ÏÂÙ›‰Ë˜, π. ∆ÛÈfiÙÛÈÔ˜, ¢. ÃψÚfi˜, ∞. °·‚ÚÈËÏ›‰Ë˜, ∂. ¢·ÛηÏÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘, £. ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙÈÓ›‰Ë˜ 148 ªÂÙ·‚ÔϤ˜ ÙˆÓ ÂȤ‰ˆÓ Ù˘ ‚-ÂÓ‰ÔÚÊ›Ó˘ Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙËÓ Ô˘‰¤ÙÂÚË ÂÓ‰ÔÂÙȉ¿ÛË Î·È ÙÔ ÌÂÙ·ÙÚÂÙÈÎfi ¤Ó˙˘ÌÔ Ù˘ ·ÁÁÂÈÔÙ·Û›Ó˘ ÌÂÙ¿ ¿ÛÎËÛË ·ÓÙÔ¯‹˜ ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ·˜ ÙÂÛÛ¿ÚˆÓ ÌËÓÒÓ ∏. ∫·ÏÏ›ÛÙÚ·ÙÔ˜, µ. ∫·ÏʷοÎÔ˘, ¶. µÂ˙˘Ú¿ÎË, ƒ. §È¿ÛÎÔ, ∞. ∂˘·ÁÁ¤ÏÔ˘ 154 ¢ÈÂÚ‡ÓËÛË ÙˆÓ ÔͤˆÓ ÛÙÂÊ·ÓÈ·›ˆÓ ÈÛ¯·ÈÌÈÎÒÓ ÂÂÈÛÔ‰›ˆÓ Û ‰È·‚ËÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ∞. µ‹Ù·˜ ∂ӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ 160 ∏·Ù›Ùȉ· ·fi ΢ÙÙ·ÚÔÌÂÁ·ÏÔ˚fi Û ÌË ·ÓÔÛÔηٷÛÙ·Ï̤ÓÔ ÂÓ‹ÏÈη ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ¢. °ÎÈÛ¿Î˘, π. ª·Ï¿ÓÔ˜, ∫. ¶·Û¯·Ï›‰Ë˜, ∞. ∫·Ú·ÁÈ¿ÓÓ˘, µ. ¶ÂÚËÊ¿Ó˘, º. ÷ÚÛÔ‡Ï˘ 163 ¡fiÛÔ˜ Kikuchi-Fujimoto: Ì›· Û¿ÓÈ· ·ÈÙ›· ÏÂÌÊ·‰ÂÓÔ¿ıÂÈ·˜ ¶. NÈÎÔÏ·˝‰Ë˜, A. ™ÔÊfi˜, B. K·ÏÔ‡ÙÛË, A. TÛÒÓ·, ¶. KÔÏÏ¿Ú·˜, ™. MÂÙ·ÏÏ›‰Ë˜, E. KÔ˘ÌÂÓÙ¿ÎË, A¯. TÔ˘ÚηÓÙÒÓ˘ 167 A˘ÙfiÌ·ÙË Ú‹ÍË ÂÈıËÏȷ΋˜ ·ÛÙ˘ ÛÏËÓfi˜ Û ¿ÙÔÌÔ ÙÚ›Ù˘ ËÏÈΛ·˜ X. ™˘Ú›‰Ë˜, A. NÙ›Ó·˜, °. ™Ê˘ÚfiÂÚ·˜, A. BÚ¿ÓÙ˙·˜, ™. AÏ MÔÁÚ·Ì›, £. °ÂÚ·ÛÈÌ›‰Ë˜ BÈ‚ÏÈÔ·ÚÔ˘Û›·ÛË 170 Helliniki Iatriki Volume 69 • No 2 April – June 2003 Contents Brief reviews 93 Adrenocortical function in polycystic ovary syndrome Kourtis AI, Panidis DK. 101 Hypercalcemia: Diagnostic process Girtovitis F, Chatzitolios AI. 113 Glutamate receptors in the CNS Gougoulias N, Albani M. 132 Cranberry juice: its role in the prevention and treatment of infections and other diseases of the urinary tract Apostolidis A, Chrissogonidis I. Investigative 138 The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease papers and rhinitis in Northern Greece Sihletidis L, Tsiotsios I, Chloros D, Gavriilidis A, Daskalopulou E, Konstantinidis Th. 148 Alterations in serum ß-endorphin levels, in relation to neutral endopeptidase (NEP) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) after four months endurance exercise Kallistratos E, Kalfakakou V, Vezyraki P, Liasko R, Evangelou A. 154 Coronary artery disease in patients with diabetes mellitus II Vitas A. Case reports 160 Hepatitis from cytomegalovirus (CMV) in an immunocompetent patient Gkisakis D, Balanos I, Paschalidis K, Karayiannis A, Perifanis B, Harsoulis F. 163 Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease: a rase cause of lymphadenitis Nikolaidis P. Sofos A, Kaloutsi V, Tsona A, Kollaras P, Metallidis S, Koumentaki E, Tourkantonis Ach. 167 Spontaneous rupture of an epithelial cyst of the spleen in an elderly Spiridis Ch, Dinas A, Sfireoras G, Vrantzas A, Al Mogrambi S, Gerasimidis Th. Book review 170 ∂ÏÏËÓÈ΋ π·ÙÚÈ΋ 2003, 69, 2: 93- 100 ∏ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÙÔ˘ ÊÏÔÈÔ‡ ÙˆÓ ÂÈÓÂÊÚȉ›ˆÓ ÛÙÔ Û‡Ó‰ÚÔÌÔ ÙˆÓ ÔÏ˘Î˘ÛÙÈÎÒÓ ˆÔıËÎÒÓ AÓ¿ÚÁ˘ÚÔ˜ H. KÔ‡ÚÙ˘, ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ˜ K. ¶·Ó›‰Ë˜ ∂ÚÁ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈÔ ∂Ó‰ÔÎÚÈÓÔÏÔÁ›·˜ Î·È ∞ÓıÚÒÈÓ˘ ∞Ó··Ú·ÁˆÁ‹˜, µã ª·È¢ÙÈ΋ Î·È °˘Ó·ÈÎÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ∫ÏÈÓÈ΋, TÌ‹Ì· I·ÙÚÈ΋˜ ∞.¶.£., £ÂÛÛ·ÏÔÓ›ÎË ¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë. ∂›Ó·È ÁÓˆÛÙfi fiÙÈ ÙÔ 50-60% ÙˆÓ Á˘Ó·È- ÛÂÛËÌ·Ṳ̂ÓË ·‰ÚÂÓ·Ú¯‹ ÚÔÙ¿ıËÎÂ, ·Ú¯Èο, ˆ˜ ÎÒÓ Ì ÙÔ Û‡Ó‰ÚÔÌÔ ÙˆÓ ÔÏ˘Î˘ÛÙÈÎÒÓ ˆÔıËÎÒÓ ·ÈÙ›· Ù˘ ˘ÂÚ‚ÔÏÈ΋˜ ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹˜ ·Ó‰ÚÔÁfiÓˆÓ ·- (PCOS) ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÈ ·‡ÍËÛË ÙˆÓ ÂȤ‰ˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÂÈ- fi Ù· ÂÈÓÂÊÚ›‰È· ÛÙÔ PCOS. ∏ ¿Ô„Ë Ô˘ Á›ÓÂÙ·È ÓÂÊÚȉȷÎÒÓ ·Ó‰ÚÔÁfiÓˆÓ. OÚÈṲ̂Ó˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ‰ÂÎÙ‹ Û‹ÌÂÚ· Â›Ó·È Ë ·ÚÚÂÓÔÔÈËÙÈ΋ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈ΋˜ ÂÈÓÂÊÚȉȷ΋˜ ˘ÂÚ·Ó‰ÚÔÁÔÓ·ÈÌ›·˜, Ú‡ıÌÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘ ΢Ùfi¯ÚˆÌ· P450c17·. ∏ ·È- ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Û·Ó, ·Ó·ÌÊÈÛ‚‹ÙËÙ·, Ó· ·Ô‰ÔıÔ‡Ó Û ٛ·, ¿ÓÙˆ˜, Ù˘ ÚˆÙÔ·ıÔ‡˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈ΋˜ ÂÈ- ÔÔÈ·‰‹ÔÙ ηϿ ÙÂÎÌËÚȈ̤ÓË ·ıÔÊ˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ- ÓÂÊÚȉȷ΋˜ ˘ÂÚ·Ó‰ÚÔÁÔÓ·ÈÌ›·˜ ÛÙÔ PCOS ·Ô- ΋ ÔÓÙfiÙËÙ·, fiˆ˜ Ë ÌË ÎÏ·ÛÈ΋ ‹ Ë fi„ÈÌ˘ ¤Ó·Ú- ÙÂÏ› ‰›Ô ·ÓÙÈÎÚÔ˘fiÌÂÓˆÓ ·fi„ˆÓ. ͢ Û˘ÁÁÂÓ‹˜ ˘ÂÚÏ·Û›· ÙˆÓ ÂÈÓÂÊÚȉ›ˆÓ. ∏ ÂÎ- EÏÏËÓ I·ÙÚ 2003, 69: 93 - 100. 1. ∂π™∞°ø°∏ ‰Ú¿ÛË Ù˘ ACTH ÛÙË ÛÙËÏȉˆÙ‹ ˙ÒÓË ‹ ÙË ‰Ú¿ÛË ∏ ‰Â¸‰ÚoÂÈ·Ó‰ÚoÛÙÂÚfiÓË (DHEA) Î·È Ë Úo- Ù˘ ·ÁÁÂÈoÙÂÓÛ›Ó˘ ππ ÛÙË ÛÂÈÚoÂȉ‹ ˙ÒÓË. ∆¤- oÚÌfiÓË Ù˘, Ë ıÂÈ˝Î‹ ‰Â¸‰ÚoÂÈ·Ó‰ÚoÛÙÂÚfiÓË ÙoÈo˜, fï˜, ·Ú¿ÁoÓÙ·˜ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯ÂÈ ‚ÚÂı›, ·Ú¿ ÙȘ (DHEA-S), Â›Ó·È ÛÙÂÚoÂȉ‹ Ì 19 ¿ÙoÌ· ¿Óıڷη ÂÎÙÂٷ̤Ó˜ ¤Ú¢Ó˜ ÛÙoÓ Ùo̤· ·˘Ùfi. Œ¯ÂÈ, ¿- Î·È Ì ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ·Ó‰ÚoÁoÓÈΤ˜ ‰Ú¿ÛÂȘ. ∂ÎÎÚ›- ÓÙˆ˜, ÙÂÎÌËÚȈı› fiÙÈ ‚Ú·¯˘¯ÚfiÓȘ ÂÎÙÚo¤˜ Ù˘ ÓoÓÙ·È Û¯Â‰fiÓ ·oÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο ·fi ÙË ‰ÈÎÙ˘ˆÙ‹ ˙Ò- Û‡ÓıÂÛ˘ ÎoÚÙÈ˙fiÏ˘ Î·È ·Ó‰ÚoÁfiÓˆÓ, o˘ ÂÎÎÚ›- ÓË Ùo˘ ÊÏoÈo‡ ÙˆÓ ÂÈÓÂÊÚȉ›ˆÓ. ∆· ·ÙÙ·Ú· Ù˘ ÓoÓÙ·È ·fi Ù· ÂÈÓÂÊÚ›‰È·, ÌoÚ› Ó· oÊ›ÏoÓÙ·È ‰ÈÎÙ˘ˆÙ‹˜ ˙ÒÓ˘ ·Ú¿Áo˘Ó ΢ڛˆ˜ DHEA Î·È Û ˘ÂÚÈÓÛo˘ÏÈÓ·ÈÌ›·, Û ۇӉÚoÌo oÏ˘Î˘ÛÙÈÎÒÓ DHEA-S1 ‡ÛÙÂÚ· ·fi ‰È¤ÁÂÚÛË Ì ÊÏoÈoÂÈÓÂ- ˆoıËÎÒÓ, Û o͇ Î·È ¯ÚfiÓÈo stress, Û Ó¢ÚoÁÂÓ‹ ÊÚȉÈoÙÚfio oÚÌfiÓË (ACTH), ·Êo‡ ‰ÂÓ ‰È·ı¤- ·ÓoÚÂÍ›·, Û ˘„ËÏ¿ ›‰· oÈÛÙÚoÁfiÓˆÓ Î·È Û Ùo˘Ó Ùo ¤Ó˙˘Ìo o˘ ÌÂÙ·ÙÚ¤ÂÈ ÙËÓ DHEA Û ·Ó- ÂÁ΢ÌoÛ‡ÓË. ªoÏoÓfiÙÈ oÈ Ì˯·ÓÈÛÌo› o˘ Úo- ηÏo‡Ó ·˘Ù¤˜ ÙȘ ‚Ú·¯˘¯ÚfiÓȘ ÂÎÙÚo¤˜ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯o˘Ó ‰ÚoÛÙÂÓ‰ÈfiÓË (¢4∞) (EÈÎ. 1). ∞ÓÙ›ıÂÙ·, Ù· ·ÙÙ·- Ú· Ù˘ ÛÙËÏȉˆÙ‹˜ ˙ÒÓ˘ Ùo˘ ÊÏoÈo‡ ÙˆÓ ÂÈÓÂ- Ï‹Úˆ˜ ‰È¢ÎÚÈÓÈÛı›, Â›Ó·È ÂӉ¯fiÌÂÓo Ë ÈÓÛo˘Ï›- ÊÚȉ›ˆÓ ·Ú¿Áo˘Ó ΢ڛˆ˜ ÎoÚÙÈ˙fiÏË Î·È ÌÈÎÚ¿ ÓË Î·È Ù· oÈÛÙÚoÁfiÓ· Ó· ÂϤÁ¯o˘Ó ÙËÓ ¤ÎÊÚ·ÛË Î·È oÛ¿ ÂÈÓÂÊÚȉȷÎÒÓ ·Ó‰ÚoÁfiÓˆÓ Î·È Ù· ·ÙÙ·- ÙË ÏÂÈÙo˘ÚÁ›· ÙˆÓ ÛÙÂÚoÂȉoÁÂÓÂÙÈÎÒÓ ÂÓ˙‡ÌˆÓ3. Ú· Ù˘ ÛÂÈÚoÂȉo‡˜ ˙ÒÓ˘ ·Ú¿Áo˘Ó ΢ڛˆ˜ ·Ï- ∆· ›‰· Ù˘ DHEA-S Ùo˘ oÚo‡, Ë oo›· ‰oÛÙÂÚfiÓË (EÈÎ. 1)2,3. ıˆÚÂ›Ù·È ÛÙ·ıÂÚfi˜ ‰Â›ÎÙ˘ Ù˘ ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹˜ ÂÈ- O ¤ÏÂÁ¯o˜ Ù˘ ¤ÎÎÚÈÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ·Ó‰ÚoÁfiÓˆÓ ·fi ÓÂÊÚȉȷÎÒÓ ·Ó‰ÚoÁfiÓˆÓ, ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙o˘Ó ¤ÓÙoÓ˜ Ùo ÊÏoÈfi ÙˆÓ ÂÈÓÂÊÚȉ›ˆÓ ·Ú·Ì¤ÓÂÈ, ·ÎfiÌË Î·È ÌÂÙ·‚oϤ˜ ηٿ ÙËÓ ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ ˙ˆ‹˜ Ùo˘ ·Ùfi- Û‹ÌÂÚ·, ¤Ó· ·›ÓÈÁÌ·. ÀoÛÙËÚ›¯ıËΠfiÙÈ Î¿oÈo˜ Ìo˘. ™Ùo ¤Ì‚Ú˘o, Ù· ›‰· Ù˘ DHEA-S Â›Ó·È oÏ˘ÂÙȉÈÎfi˜ ·Ú¿ÁoÓÙ·˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ˘fiÊ˘ÛË ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈο ˘„ËÏ¿. ™ÙË Ê¿ÛË ·˘Ù‹ Ë oÓoÌ·˙fiÌÂÓË ‰ÈÂÁ›ÚÂÈ ÂȉÈο ÙË ‰ÈÎÙ˘ˆÙ‹ ˙ÒÓË, ·Ó¿ÏoÁ· Ì ÙË ÂÌ‚Ú˘˚΋ ˙ÒÓË Ùo˘ ÊÏoÈo‡ ÙˆÓ ÂÈÓÂÊÚȉ›ˆÓ Â›Ó·È 94 A.H. KO⁄ƒ∆∏™, ¢.K. ¶∞¡π¢∏™ Xοληστερόλη AΛATO ΓΛYKO OPMONEΣ StAR KOPTIKOEI∆H KOPTIKOEI∆H ΦYΛOY SCC πρωτεΐνη Θειϊκή δεϋδροεπιανδροστερόνη 17·- 17,20- ˘‰ÚÔÍ˘Ï¿ÛË 17-OH Ï˘¿ÛË ∆εϋδρο- 17‚-HSD Πρεγνενολόνη πρεγνενολόνη επιανδροστερόνη Aνδροστενεδιόλη 3‚-HSD 3‚-HSD 3‚-HSD 3‚-HSD 17·- 17,20- FSH/LH ˘‰ÚÔÍ˘Ï¿ÛË 17-OH Ï˘¿ÛË 17‚-HSD Προγεστερόνη Aνδροστενδιόνη Tεστοστερόνη προγεστερόνη Aڈ̷ٿÛË Aڈ̷ٿÛË ACTH 21- 21-˘‰ÚÔÍ˘Ï¿ÛË ˘‰ÚÔÍ˘Ï¿ÛË 17‚-HSD ∆εοξυκορτικοστερόνη 11-δεοξυκορτιζόλη Oιστρόνη Oιστραδιόλη 11‚-˘‰ÚÔÍ˘Ï¿ÛË 11‚-˘‰ÚÔÍ˘Ï¿ÛË Kορτικοστερόνη Kορτιζόλη 18-˘‰ÚÔÍ˘Ï¿ÛË 18-OH κορτικοστερόνη 18-OH ‰Â¸‰ÚÔÁÂÓ¿ÛË Aλδοστερόνη ∂ÈÎ. 1. BÈÔÛ˘ÓıÂÙÈΤ˜ Ô‰Ô› ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹˜ ÛÙÂÚÔÂȉÒÓ ÔÚÌÔÓÒÓ ÛÙÔ ÊÏÔÈfi ÙˆÓ ÂÈÓÂÊÚȉ›ˆÓ. ˘ÂÚ‚oÏÈο ·Ó·Ù˘Á̤ÓË. ⁄ÛÙÂÚ· ·fi ÙË Á¤ÓÓË- ⁄ÛÙÂÚ· ·fi ÙËÓ ËÏÈΛ· ÙˆÓ 25 ÂÙÒÓ, oÈ Û˘Á- ÛË, ÂÓÙo‡ÙoȘ, Ë ÂÌ‚Ú˘˚΋ ˙ÒÓË ·ÙÚoÊ› Ù·¯‡Ù·Ù· ÎÂÓÙÚÒÛÂȘ Ù˘ DHEA Î·È Ù˘ DHEA-S ÂÏ·ÙÙÒ- Î·È Ë DHEA-S Ùo˘ oÚo‡ Â›Ó·È Û¯Â‰fiÓ ÌË ·ÓȯÓ‡- ÓoÓÙ·È Úoo‰Â˘ÙÈο. ŒÙÛÈ, ÛÙËÓ ËÏÈΛ· ÙˆÓ 70 Â- ÛÈÌË. ™Ù· ¯·ÌËÏ¿ ·˘Ù¿ ›‰· ·Ú·Ì¤ÓÂÈ Ë ÙÒÓ oÈ ÙÈ̤˜ ÙˆÓ oÚÌoÓÒÓ ·˘ÙÒÓ Êı¿Óo˘Ó ÛÙo 10- DHEA-S Ùo˘ oÚo‡ Û fiÏË ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ ·È‰È- 20% ÙˆÓ ÎoÚ˘Ê·›ˆÓ Ùo˘˜ ÂȤ‰ˆÓ5. ∏ ÂÚ›o‰o˜ ΋˜ ËÏÈΛ·˜, ̤¯ÚÈ ÙËÓ ·‰ÚÂÓ·Ú¯‹1. ·˘Ù‹ Ù˘ ˙ˆ‹˜, ÁÓˆÛÙ‹ ˆ˜ ·‰ÚÂÓfi·˘ÛË, Û¯ÂÙ›˙Â- ∞‰ÚÂÓ·Ú¯‹ oÓoÌ¿˙ÂÙ·È Ë ¤Ó·ÚÍË Ù˘ ‚ÈoÛ‡Ó- Ù·È Ì ÙË «Á‹Ú·ÓÛË» Ù˘ ‰ÈÎÙ˘ˆÙ‹˜ ˙ÒÓ˘ ÙˆÓ ÂÈ- ıÂÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ÂÈÓÂÊÚȉȷÎÒÓ ·Ó‰ÚoÁfiÓˆÓ, DHEA, ÓÂÊÚȉ›ˆÓ. O Ì·ÎÚo¯ÚfiÓÈo˜, ÏoÈfiÓ, ¤ÏÂÁ¯o˜ ÙˆÓ DHEA-S Î·È ¢4∞, o˘ ·Ú·ÙËÚÂ›Ù·È ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙo ÂȤ‰ˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÂÈÓÂÊÚȉȷÎÒÓ ·Ó‰ÚoÁfiÓˆÓ Ú˘ıÌ›- ¤‚‰oÌo Î·È ÛÙo ‰¤Î·Ùo ¤Ùo˜ Ù˘ ËÏÈΛ·˜. O ÊÏoÈfi˜ ˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙȘ ÌÂÙ·‚oϤ˜ Ù˘ ‰ÈÎÙ˘ˆÙ‹˜ ˙ÒÓ˘2. ÙˆÓ ÂÈÓÂÊÚȉ›ˆÓ ·Ú¿ÁÂÈ ÛÙ·ıÂÚ¤˜ oÛfiÙËÙ˜ ∏ ·‰ÚÂÓfi·˘ÛË ÌoÚ› Ó· ·oÙÂÏ› ‚ÈoÏoÁÈ- ÎoÚÙÈ˙fiÏ˘ Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙËÓ ÂÈÊ¿ÓÂÈ· Ùo˘ ÛÒ- Îfi ‰Â›ÎÙË Á‹Ú·ÓÛ˘, ÌoÚ›, fï˜, Ó· ·oÙÂÏ› Ì·Ùo˜ Û fiÏË ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ ˙ˆ‹˜.
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    Aquatic Toxicology 69 (2004) 125–132 Characterization of a domoic acid binding site from Pacific razor clam Vera L. Trainer∗, Brian D. Bill NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Marine Biotoxin Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA Received 5 November 2003; received in revised form 27 April 2004; accepted 27 April 2004 Abstract The Pacific razor clam, Siliqua patula, is known to retain domoic acid, a water-soluble glutamate receptor agonist produced by diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia. The mechanism by which razor clams tolerate high levels of the toxin, domoic acid, in their tissues while still retaining normal nerve function is unknown. In our study, a domoic acid binding site was solubilized from razor clam siphon using a combination of Triton X-100 and digitonin. In a Scatchard analysis using [3H]kainic acid, the partially-purified membrane showed two distinct receptor sites, a high affinity, low capacity site with a KD (mean ± S.E.) of 28 ± 9.4 nM and a maximal binding capacity of 12 ± 3.8 pmol/mg protein and a low affinity, high capacity site with a mM affinity for radiolabeled kainic acid, the latter site which was lost upon solubilization. Competition experiments showed that the rank order potency for competitive ligands in displacing [3H]kainate binding from the membrane-bound receptors was quisqualate > ibotenate > iodowillardiine = AMPA = fluorowillardiine > domoate > kainate > l-glutamate. At high micromolar concentrations, NBQX, NMDA and ATPA showed little or no ability to displace [3H]kainate. In contrast, Scatchard analysis 3 using [ H]glutamate showed linearity, indicating the presence of a single binding site with a KD and Bmax of 500 ± 50 nM and 14 ± 0.8 pmol/mg protein, respectively.
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